286 lines
27 KiB
XML
286 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.797.29138" ID-GBIF-Dataset="490dbda4-d7c5-487f-acff-246b2759b135" ID-PMC="PMC6255883" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-797-87" ID-PubMed="30505163" ID-ZBK="973DB75A43AF4ED4A77437993EE23613" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-797-87" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 797" ModsDocTitle="Descriptions of four new species of Bactrocera and new country records highlight the high biodiversity of fruit flies in Vietnam (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacinae)" checkinTime="1542678002623" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Leblanc, Luc, Doorenweerd, Camiel, Jose, Michael San, Pham, Hong Thai & Rubinoff, Daniel" docDate="2018" docId="3ECF990DDE335B6A9B4D73FF86F28971" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 797: 87-115" docOrigin="ZooKeys 797" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.797.29138" docTitle="Bactrocera (Asiadacus) connecta Leblanc & Doorenweerd, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="E534D6C5-300A-4A64-95C7-FE8EAF1AA134" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="98" masterDocId="F6775A61FF94FFCFFF81FFF4FFF4151C" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of four new species of Bactrocera and new country records highlight the high biodiversity of fruit flies in Vietnam (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacinae)" masterLastPageNumber="115" masterPageNumber="87" originalUpdateDomain="Boston" originalUpdateTime="1542678002623" originalUpdateUser="pensoft" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1668166445563" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Descriptions of four new species of Bactrocera and new country records highlight the high biodiversity of fruit flies in Vietnam (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Leblanc, Luc</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Doorenweerd, Camiel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jose, Michael San</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pham, Hong Thai</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rubinoff, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>797</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>87</mods:start>
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<mods:end>115</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.797.29138</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.797.29138</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-797-87</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">973DB75A43AF4ED4A77437993EE23613</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">973DB75A43AF4ED4A77437993EE23613</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="149736205" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E534D6C5-300A-4A64-95C7-FE8EAF1AA134" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3ECF990DDE335B6A9B4D73FF86F28971" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/E534D6C5-300A-4A64-95C7-FE8EAF1AA134" authority="Leblanc & Doorenweerd" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera (Asiadacus) connecta" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connecta" subGenus="Asiadacus">Bactrocera (Asiadacus) connecta Leblanc & Doorenweerd</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="8" pageNumber="95">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="95">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
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Male. Labelled: "Vietnam: Thừa
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Thiên–Hu">Thien-Hu</normalizedToken>
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ế Province, Bạch
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mã">Ma</normalizedToken>
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National Park,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.2098">16.2098N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.8632">107.8632E</geoCoordinate>
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, 6-12-x-2015, M. San Jose and D. Rubinoff, FF494, zingerone trap." ms6195 Deposited in UHIM. Paratypes: 3 males. Vietnam,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lâm">Lam</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Đ">Đ</normalizedToken>
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ồng Province,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cát">Cat</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tiên">Tien</normalizedToken>
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National Park, 16-18-x-2015, at the following sites, identified by
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="96" start="start">their</pageBreakToken>
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geographical coordinates:
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.4485">11.4485N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.4416">107.4416E</geoCoordinate>
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, (1 pinned, molecular voucher ms6105),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.4447">11.4447N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.4372">107.4372E</geoCoordinate>
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, (2 pinned, one molecular voucher ms6239). All specimens collected by Michael San Jose and Dan Rubinoff in zingerone baited traps. One paratype deposited at UHIM, one at WFBM and one at VNMN.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="96" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="96">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera connecta" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connecta">Bactrocera connecta</taxonomicName>
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shares morphological features common to all members of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Asiadacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asiadacus" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asiadacus</taxonomicName>
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(absence of prescutellar and anterior supra-alar setae, scutellum with one pair of setae, and males with long posterior lobe on surstylus, slight concavity of sternum V and pecten of cilia present on the abdominal tergum III). It is distinguished from other members of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Asiadacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asiadacus" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asiadacus</taxonomicName>
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by the elongate facial spots along antennal furrows and the small to extensive fuscous transverse band on face (Fig. 6A, B), the broad, apically expanded costal band (Figure 6H, I), and the absence of a medial longitudinal band and presence of extensive lateral black markings on the abdomen (Figure 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–G">D-G</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="96" type="molecular diagnostics">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="96">Molecular diagnostics.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera connecta" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connecta">Bactrocera connecta</taxonomicName>
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was referred to as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bactrocera</taxonomicName>
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species 68, sister to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. (Apodacus) visenda" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="visenda" subGenus="Apodacus">B. (Apodacus) visenda</taxonomicName>
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(Hardy), in the seven-gene phylogeny presented in
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<bibRefCitation author="San Jose, M" journalOrPublisher="Austral Entomology" pageId="20" pageNumber="107" url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.001" year="2018">San Jose et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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. The nearest neighbor we could identify based on COI sequence data is
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Zeugodacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zeugodacus melanofacies" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanofacies">Zeugodacus melanofacies</taxonomicName>
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, at 15.34 % minimum pairwise intraspecific genetic distance [16.18 % in COI5P and 14.47 % in COI3P] (Figure 5).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
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Figure 5. Maximum likelihood tree based on COI sequences of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. connecta" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="connecta">B. connecta</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and several of its genetically closest neighbors, which include both
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bactrocera</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Zeugodacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zeugodacus" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zeugodacus</taxonomicName>
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species. Bootstrap branch supports shown for intraspecific relationships. HT = holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="96">Description of adult.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
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Head (Figure 6A, B). Vertical length 1.64
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.23 (SE) (1.45-1.88) mm. Frons, of even width, length 1.13
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.07 (1.07-1.22) times as long as broad; fulvous with fuscous around orbital setae and on anteromedial hump; latter covered by short
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<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
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hairs; orbital setae black: one pair of superior and two pairs of inferior fronto-orbital setae present; lunule yellow. Ocellar triangle black. Vertex fuscous. Face fulvous with elongate black spots in each antennal furrow and a fuscous band across lower half of face varying from a small medial spot (Figure 6A) to an entire band across face (Figure 6B); length 0.63
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.09 (0.53-0.75) mm. Genae fulvous, with dark fuscous sub-ocular spot; black seta present. Occiput light to dark fuscous (fulvous laterally in one specimen) and yellow along eye margins; occipital row with 9-11 dark setae. Antennae with segment 1 (scape) fulvous, segments 2 (pedicel) fulvous and fuscous on outer surface, and segment 3 (first flagellomere) fuscous and narrowly fulvous on inner surface; strong
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<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
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dorsal seta on segment 2; arista black (fulvous basally); length of segments: 0.23
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.02 (0.20-0.25) mm; 0.34
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.02 (0.33-0.38) mm; 0.76
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.07 (0.70-0.83) mm.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
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Figure 6.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera (Asiadacus) connecta" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connecta" subGenus="Asiadacus">Bactrocera (Asiadacus) connecta</taxonomicName>
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. A, B head C head and scutum D, E, F, G abdomen variation H, I wing.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
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Thorax (Figs 6C, 7). Scutum black except sometimes with
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<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
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as limited markings behind postpronotal lobes and anterior to lateral postsutural vittae and area below postsutural vittae. Pleural areas black except usually
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<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
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anterior portion of anepisternum. Yellow markings as follows: postpronotal lobes and notopleura (notopleural callus), usually connected by a lateral longitudinal band; medium sized mesopleural (anepisternal) stripe, reaching midway between anterior margin of notopleura and anterior notopleural seta dorsally, continuing to katepisternum as a transverse spot, anterior margin convex; anatergite (posterior apex black); anterior 75 % of katatergite (remainder black); moderately broad medial postsutural vitta beginning at level of or slightly anterior of prescutellar setae and ending at or slightly beyond the
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<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="97" start="start">level</pageBreakToken>
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of notopleural suture; two moderately broad parallel sided lateral postsutural vittae ending at or shortly before intra-alar setae and curved inwards along notopleural suture. Postnotum black with apical median
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<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
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spot. Scutellum yellow except for narrow black basal band. Setae (number of pairs): 1 scutellar; prescutellar absent; 1 intra-alar; 1 posterior supra-alar; anterior supra-alar absent; 1 mesopleural; 2 notopleural; 4 scapular; all setae well developed and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="97">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="97">
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Figure 7.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera (Asiadacus) connecta" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connecta" subGenus="Asiadacus">Bactrocera (Asiadacus) connecta</taxonomicName>
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: lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="97">
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Legs (Figure 7). Femora fulvous, except for dark fuscous ventral faces of basal three quarters of fore femur, apical three quarters of mid femur and apical
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<normalizedToken originalValue="two–fifths">two-fifths</normalizedToken>
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of hind femur, and yellow basal quarter of mid femur and basal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="three–fifths">three-fifths</normalizedToken>
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of hind femur; tibiae dark fuscous, with or without ventral faces narrowly fulvous; mid-tibiae each with an apical black spur; tarsi fulvous.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="97">
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Wings (Figure 6H, I). Length 5.75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.67 (5.11-6.67) mm; basal costal (bc) and costal (c) cells fuscous and both covered with microtrichia; remainder of wings colorless except broad fuscous costal band nearly confluent with R4+5 and broadly expanded apically; anal streak absent; dense aggregation of microtrichia around A1 + CuA2; supernumerary lobe of medium development.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="10" pageNumber="97">
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Abdomen (Figs 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–G">D-G</normalizedToken>
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, 7). Elongate oval; terga free; pecten present on tergum III; posterior lobe of surstylus long; abdominal sternum V with a slight concavity on posterior margin. Tergum I and sterna I and II wider than long. Tergum I black. Tergum II yellow with sub-basal or basal broad medial transverse black band that may be extend
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="98" start="start">ed</pageBreakToken>
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to cover entire basal half of tergum. Terga
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<normalizedToken originalValue="III–V">III-V</normalizedToken>
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black with fulvous areas as small markings on apex of tergum III and narrow median area on tergum IV (or restricted to small apical median marking), continued on base of tergum V and expanded around ceromata. A pair of dark fuscous ceromata (shining spots) on tergum V. Abdominal sterna black, except fulvous sternite II.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="98" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="98">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="98">The species name is an adjective that refers to the longitudinal yellow band connecting the postpronotal lobes and notopleura.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="98">Note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">
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We have tentatively assigned
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. connecta" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="connecta">B. connecta</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Asiadacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asiadacus" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asiadacus</taxonomicName>
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based on the following combination of characters: absence of prescutellar and anterior supra-alar setae, scutellum with one pair of setae, a long posterior lobe of the male surstylus, slight concavity of sternum V and pecten of cilia present on the abdomen (Drew 1989,
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<bibRefCitation author="Drew, RAI" journalOrPublisher="CABI, Wallingford" pageId="19" pageNumber="106" title="Keys to the Tropical Fruit Flies of South-East Asia." year="2016">Drew and Romig 2016</bibRefCitation>
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). All known species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Asiadacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asiadacus" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asiadacus</taxonomicName>
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were transferred to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Zeugodacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zeugodacus" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zeugodacus</taxonomicName>
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, based on the surstylus and sternum V concavity characters which made them part of the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Zeugodacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zeugodacus" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zeugodacus</taxonomicName>
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group of subgenera (
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<bibRefCitation author="De Meyer, M" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="19" pageNumber="106" pagination="539 - 557" title="A review of the current knowledge on Zeugodacuscucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Africa, with a list of species included in Zeugodacus." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9672" volume="540" year="2015">de Meyer et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). Only more recently was one species,
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||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. (Asiadacus) apicalis" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="apicalis" subGenus="Asiadacus">B. (Asiadacus) apicalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, genetically confirmed to belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Zeugodacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zeugodacus" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zeugodacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="San Jose, M" journalOrPublisher="Austral Entomology" pageId="20" pageNumber="107" url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.001" year="2018">San Jose et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In that same molecular phylogeny, however,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. connecta" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="connecta">B. connecta</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only distantly related to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. apicalis" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="apicalis">B. apicalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is placed in the basal grade of subgenera in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bactrocera</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hancock, DL" journalOrPublisher="Australian Entomologist" pageId="19" pageNumber="106" pagination="203 - 214" title="A review of the Indo-Australian subgenus Parasinodacus Drew & Romig of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae)." volume="44" year="2017">Hancock and Drew (2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hancock, DL" journalOrPublisher="Australian Entomologist" pageId="19" pageNumber="106" pagination="181 - 208" title="A review of the subgenera Asiadacus Perkins, Diplodacus May, Hemigymnodacus Hardy, Nuiguinidacus Drew, Papuodacus Drew, and Sinodacus Zia of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae)." volume="45" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) transferred all but two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Asiadacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asiadacus" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asiadacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the subgenera
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Parasinodacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parasinodacus" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parasinodacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Sinodacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinodacus" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sinodacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Zeugodacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zeugodacus" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zeugodacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, leaving in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Asiadacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asiadacus" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asiadacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
the two species with a large, oval apical wing spot that reaches but does not cross vein M. Because
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. connecta" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="connecta">B. connecta</taxonomicName>
|
||
falls within
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bactrocera</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the recently published phylogeny (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="San Jose, M" journalOrPublisher="Austral Entomology" pageId="20" pageNumber="107" url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.001" year="2018">San Jose et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it cannot be assigned to any of these three subgenera. Moreover, in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. connecta" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="connecta">B. connecta</taxonomicName>
|
||
the lateral postsutural vittae are not extended as yellow markings beyond the notopleural suture, a
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="99" start="start">character</pageBreakToken>
|
||
shared by the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Zeugodacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zeugodacus" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zeugodacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group of subgenera and genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Dacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dacus" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, referred to as "small notopleural xanthines" by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="White, IM" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Society of Southern Africa, Hatfield" pageId="21" pageNumber="108" title="Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East." year="2006">White (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and "lateral yellow triangles that reach the notopleural lobes" by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hancock, DL" journalOrPublisher="Australian Entomologist" pageId="19" pageNumber="106" pagination="181 - 208" title="A review of the subgenera Asiadacus Perkins, Diplodacus May, Hemigymnodacus Hardy, Nuiguinidacus Drew, Papuodacus Drew, and Sinodacus Zia of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae)." volume="45" year="2018">Hancock and Drew (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Because
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. connecta" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="connecta">B. connecta</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be fitted in existing subgenera and to avoid creating a new subgenus, we arbitrarily assign this species to the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="(Asiadacus)" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Asiadacus">Asiadacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Drew, RAI" journalOrPublisher="CABI, Wallingford" pageId="19" pageNumber="106" title="Keys to the Tropical Fruit Flies of South-East Asia." year="2016">Drew and Romig (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, until the subgeneric relationships within
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bactrocera</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more clearly elucidated. It cannot be keyed beyond couplet 4, page 48, in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Drew, RAI" journalOrPublisher="CABI, Wallingford" pageId="19" pageNumber="106" title="Keys to the Tropical Fruit Flies of South-East Asia." year="2016">Drew and Romig (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, where it can be singled out by the costal band on the wing overlapping R2+3 and expanding apically (Figs 6H, I).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |