631 lines
45 KiB
XML
631 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225251" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-97-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1239255" ModsDocID="1314-2003-97-1" checkinTime="1524638383340" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Johnson, David M. & Murray, Nancy A." docDate="2018" docId="3EA19EC515ED5A338CD8D11EF8B55EBB" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 97: 1-252" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 97" docPubDate="2018-04-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975" docTitle="Xylopia africana (Bentham) Oliver, Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 30. 1868." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" masterDocTitle="A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa" masterLastPageNumber="252" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1643467003316" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:title>A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Johnson, David M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Murray, Nancy A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">namurray@owu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2018-04-24</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>97</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>252</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-97-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1239255</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225251" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3EA19EC515ED5A338CD8D11EF8B55EBB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3EA19EC515ED5A338CD8D11EF8B55EBB" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
1.
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="3EA19EC5-15ED-5A33-8CD8-D11EF8B55EBB" authority="(Bentham) Oliver, Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 30. 1868." authorityName="(Bentham) Oliver, Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 30. 1868." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia africana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">Xylopia africana (Bentham) Oliver, Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 30. 1868.</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Xylopia globosa and X. africana. A, G-I X. globosa A Leaf G Inner petal, abaxial view, showing keel H Inflorescence, showing four buds and one flower with petals fallen I Outer petal, adaxial view B-F, J, K X. africana B Seed, lateral view with most of aril appendages fallen C Four inflorescences D Seed, micropylar end view E Inner petal, abaxial view F Outer petal, adaxial view J Leaf K Fruit. A, G-I from Normand s. n. (P), B, D, E, F, J, K from Letouzey 14551 (WAG) C from Thomas 4554 (MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199094" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 9B-F, J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Melodorum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melodorum africanum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africanum">Melodorum africanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bentham, Trans. Linn. Soc. 23: 477. 1862.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1891" baseAuthorityName="Benth." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopicrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopicrum africanum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africanum">Xylopicrum africanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bentham) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 1: 8. 1891.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Merrill" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Benth." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Fissistigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fissistigma africanum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africanum">Fissistigma africanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bentham) Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 15: 130. 1919. Type. CAMEROON. Southwest Region, Camer[oon] Mount., Feb 1862,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">G. Mann 1193</emphasis>
|
||
(lectotype, here designated: K! [000105591]; isolectotypes: GH-2 sheets! K! [000105592], P! [00169119], U! [0095511]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Tree</emphasis>
|
||
up to 20 m tall, d.b.h. ca. 30 cm, stilt roots emerging from the trunk up to 2 m above base.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Twigs</emphasis>
|
||
brown, fine appressed-pubescent, the hairs 0.2-0.3 mm long; nodes occasionally with two axillary branches.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Leaf</emphasis>
|
||
with larger blades 6.3-15.4 cm long, 2.9-7.9 cm wide, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, discolorous, much paler abaxially
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, obovate, occasionally oblong or elliptic, apex short-acuminate to cuspidate, the acumen 2-10 mm long, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, glabrous adaxially, fine appressed-pubescent abaxially; midrib plane to slightly impressed adaxially, raised abaxially, secondary veins weakly brochidodromous, 10-13 per side, diverging at 60-65° from the midrib, raised on both surfaces, higher-order veins forming a conspicuous reticulum that is slightly raised adaxially and strongly raised abaxially; petiole 6.4-9 mm long, semi-terete or canaliculate, appressed-pubescent to glabrate.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Inflorescences</emphasis>
|
||
axillary, 1-2-flowered, when 2-flowered the pedicels arising side by side from the axil, appressed-pubescent; pedicels 6.4-10.5 mm long, 0.7-1.6 mm thick; bracts 2, one to either side of midpoint, persistent, 1.2-3 mm long, broadly ovate to semicircular, apex obtuse to rounded, lower bract usually bifid from tearing down the center as the inflorescence enlarges; buds broadly ovoid, apex obtuse.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Sepals</emphasis>
|
||
erect or slightly spreading at anthesis, 1/10-1/5-connate, 4.5-7 mm long, 4.6-5.5 mm wide, coriaceous, ovate to triangular, apex acute, appressed-pubescent abaxially.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Petals</emphasis>
|
||
yellow to yellow-orange
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
; outer petals more or less erect at anthesis, 8.2-9.5 mm long, 3.0-4.5 mm wide at base, 6.2-7.1 mm wide at midpoint, fleshy, ovate, apex acute to nearly rounded, concave in basal half adaxially, appressed-pubescent except for glabrous adaxial concavity; inner petals more or less erect at anthesis, 5.9-8.3 mm long, 1-2.6 mm wide at base, 3-3.9 mm wide at midpoint, chartaceous, narrowly rhombic to elliptic, apex acuminate or acute, base with undifferentiated margin, pubescent at apex, with finer pubescence extending into upper portion of concavity and base of concavity glabrous adaxially, pubescent at apex but otherwise glabrous abaxially.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Stamens</emphasis>
|
||
100-120; fertile stamens 1.6-2.9 mm long, oblong to clavate, apex of connective 0.4-0.6 mm long, shieldlike, overhanging anther thecae, erect-pubescent, anthers 5-9-locellate, filament 0.5-1 mm long; outer staminodes 1.3-1.8 mm long, wedge-shaped to quadrate, apex obtuse to truncate; inner staminodes 2.8-3.4 mm long, clavate, apex rounded; staminal cone 1.8-2.7 mm in diameter, 0.6-0.8 mm
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="33" pageNumber="34" start="start">high</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, concealing only the bases of the ovaries, rim laciniate.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Carpels</emphasis>
|
||
9-15; ovaries 1.6-2.1 mm long, linear-oblong, pubescent, stigmas connivent, 3.2-4.6 mm long, linear, verrucose toward base, glabrous.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Torus</emphasis>
|
||
flat, 3.4-4 mm in diameter.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fruit</emphasis>
|
||
of up to 10 glabrate monocarps borne on a pedicel 10-18 mm long, 4-5 mm thick, glabrate; torus 8-16 mm in diameter, 5-8 mm high, depressed-globose.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Monocarps</emphasis>
|
||
reddish to purplish green with red endocarp
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, 6.6-10.5 cm long, 1.0-1.4 cm wide, ca. 1.1 cm thick, linear-oblong to cylindrical, occasionally slightly falciform, torulose, apex mucronate, the beak 1-1.5 mm long, base contracted into a stipe 10-18 mm long, 2.5-5 mm thick, verrucose and longitudinally wrinkled; pericarp ca. 0.8 mm thick.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
in a single row, lying parallel to long axis of monocarp, up to 5 per monocarp, 13-15 mm long, 9-10.5 mm wide, 8.5-9 mm thick, ellipsoid, broadly elliptic in cross-section, truncate at micropylar end, rounded at chalazal end, black, smooth, shiny, raphe/antiraphe plane, micropylar scar ca. 1.5 mm in diameter, circular; sarcotesta absent; aril blood-red
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, dull orange-brown when dried, brushlike, 8-10 mm in diameter, ca. 4 mm high, fleshy, granular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1239379" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199094" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. M. Johnson & N. A. Murray" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia globosa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="globosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Xylopia globosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. africana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">X. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">A, G-I</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. globosa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="globosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">X. globosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">A</emphasis>
|
||
Leaf
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G</emphasis>
|
||
Inner petal, abaxial view, showing keel
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">H</emphasis>
|
||
Inflorescence, showing four buds and one flower with petals fallen
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">I</emphasis>
|
||
Outer petal, adaxial view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B-F, J, K</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. africana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">X. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B</emphasis>
|
||
Seed, lateral view with most of aril appendages fallen
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
|
||
Four inflorescences
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">D</emphasis>
|
||
Seed, micropylar end view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">E</emphasis>
|
||
Inner petal, abaxial view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">F</emphasis>
|
||
Outer petal, adaxial view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">J</emphasis>
|
||
Leaf
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">K</emphasis>
|
||
Fruit.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">A, G-I</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Normand s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(P),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B, D, E, F, J, K</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Letouzey 14551</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
|
||
from Thomas
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">4554</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Specimens with flowers have been collected October-March and in May, with buds in August and November, and with fruits in September-January, March, and May.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Distributions of Xylopia africana, X. globosa, and X. staudtii. Bolder lines represent country borders, fainter lines lakes and major rivers." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199095" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Occurs in montane and submontane mossy forests at elevations of 900-2000 m in southeastern Nigeria, southwestern Cameroon, and on the islands of Bioko (Equatorial Guinea) and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tomé">Tome</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tomé">Tome</normalizedToken>
|
||
& Principe).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="local names">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Local names.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
No local names were reported for this species on specimen labels, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Focho, DA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Medicinal Plants Research" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" pagination="2148 - 2158" refId="B56" refString="Focho, DA, Egbe, EG, Chuyong, GB, Fongod, AGN, Fonge, BA, Ndam, WT, Youssoufa, BM, 2010. An ethnobotanical investigation of the Annonaceae on Mount Cameroon. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4 (20): 2148 - 2158" title="An ethnobotanical investigation of the Annonaceae on Mount Cameroon." volume="4" year="2010">Focho et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed the name "Hweneta (Ghana)" as applied to this species in the Mt. Cameroon area of Cameroon; the name
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“hwentea”">"hwentea"</normalizedToken>
|
||
is used widely in Ghana for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Richard, Hist. phys. Cuba, Pl. vasc. 53. 1841 ["" authorityYear="1845" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Xylopia aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Nigeria">NIGERIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Nigeria" name="Cross River">Cross River</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Obudu District, Obudu
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Nigeria" name="Plateau">Plateau</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1964-03-18">18 Mar 1964</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Hopkins
|
||
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/FHI54307">FHI 54307</accessionNumber>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG); Ogoja Province, Sonkwala area of Obudu Division, grass plateau above Ikwette,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58496" unit="ft" value="5200.0">5200 ft</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1948-12-28">28 Dec 1948</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Savory & Keay
|
||
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/FHI25179">FHI 25179</accessionNumber>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Northern Ranges, Obudu Ranch, SE State, ca. 5200',
|
||
<date value="1973-01-04">4 Jan 1973</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Lock GC43569</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Boshi Extension Forest Reserve,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="6.3333335">6°20'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="9.333333">9°20'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt. ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1971-05-23">23 May 1971</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">van Meer 1768</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG-2 sheets).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Cameroon">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
North:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chaîne">Chaine</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Nkohom
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" unit="km" value="42.0">42 km</quantity>
|
||
SSW de Ndiki,
|
||
<date value="1983-11-14">14 Nov 1983</date>
|
||
(buds, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Nkongmeneck 580</emphasis>
|
||
(P).-Northwest: Gazette Bali Ngemba F. R.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="48.02" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="5.8003335">5°48.02'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="05.78" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="10.0963335">10°05.78'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="2000-11-14">14 Nov 2000</date>
|
||
(buds, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Cheek 10527</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO); West Division, Gazette Bali Ngemba F. R.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.8166666">5°49'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="10.083333">10°05'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
|
||
, Mantum,
|
||
<date value="2001-10-05">5 Oct 2001</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Onana 1825</emphasis>
|
||
(K),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Onana 1835</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Bali Ngemba F. R.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="49.59" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="5.8265">5°49.59'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="05.57" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="10.0928335">10°05.57'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="2000-11-09">9 Nov 2000</date>
|
||
(bud),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Tadjouteu 410</emphasis>
|
||
(K).-Southwest: Buea, 1906 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Deistel 154</emphasis>
|
||
(A, BM, P); without definite locality, s. d. (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Deistel 454</emphasis>
|
||
(GH); Buea,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Lehmbach 41</emphasis>
|
||
(B); Buea,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Lehmbach 137a</emphasis>
|
||
(B, M); Monts Rumpi-Rata Mount,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.788" unit="m" value="1788.0">1788 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
au SW de Dikome Balua,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
|
||
NNW Kumba,
|
||
<date value="1976-03-24">24 Mar 1976</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Letouzey 14551</emphasis>
|
||
(K-2 sheets, MO, P, WAG); Buea,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" unit="ft" value="3000.0">3000 ft.</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Maitland 233</emphasis>
|
||
(K, PRC); Cameroon Mountain, Buea area, 3-4000', 1930 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Maitland s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Mt.
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="34" pageNumber="35" start="start">Cameroun</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, NW de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Buèa">Buea</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1981-03-13">13 Mar 1981</date>
|
||
(st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Meijer 15378</emphasis>
|
||
(DSM, K, MO); southern slope of Mount Cameroon above Batoke,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.133333">4°08'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="9.083333">9°05'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.9" unit="m" value="1450.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="900.0">900-2000 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1984-01-09" valueMax="1984-01-20" valueMin="1984-01-09">9-20 Jan 1984</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Thomas 2981</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO); forest in the Rumpi Hills, near Dikome Balue,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.883333">4°53'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="9.883333">9°53'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1984-03">Mar 1984</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Thomas 3305</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO, P, WAG); savanna with forest galleries near Aguosho,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
SSW of Akwaya,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="6.3">6°18'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="9.466666">9°28'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1985-03-19" valueMax="1985-03-20" valueMin="1985-03-19">19-20 Mar 1985</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Thomas 4554</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, P);
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Cameroon" name="West">Limbe District</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Fako Division, Mt. Etinde, N face of N ridge, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" unit="m" value="1220.0">1220 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1992-10-24">24 Oct 1992</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Wheatley 605</emphasis>
|
||
(P).-West: Route Batcha-Batschingou (
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="km" value="22.0">22 km</quantity>
|
||
ESE Bafang),
|
||
<date value="1974-11-23">23 Nov 1974</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Letouzey 13300</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO-2 sheets, P, WAG); Region
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="M’Bamileke">M'Bamileke</normalizedToken>
|
||
[
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“M’Bamileleke”">"M'Bamileleke"</normalizedToken>
|
||
],
|
||
<date value="1957-12-19">19 Dec 1957</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">de Wit 7947</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG-3 sheets).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Equatorial Guinea">EQUATORIAL GUINEA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Bioko: entre Moca y el cruce Luba-Riaba,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
|
||
, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Casas 11693
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K); entre Moca y Riaba por el camino viejo,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" unit="m" value="1280.0">1280 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1989-02-20">20 Feb 1989</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Casas 11823
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K); entre Moca y el lago Loreto,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.51" unit="m" value="1510.0">1510 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1989-02-21">21 Feb 1989</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Casas 11884
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Finca Puente, carretera de Usola a
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Moná">Mona</normalizedToken>
|
||
, km 17,
|
||
<date value="1947-01-20">20 Jan 1947</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Guinea 1658</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Biao Peak Trail, Pt 128-Pt 130,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3.36272" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.36272">3.36272°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.65264" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.65264">8.65264°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="2007-03-13">13 Mar 2007</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Luke et al. 11858</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Bioko Sul, Balacha North Trail,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3.3797" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="3.3797">3.3797°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.6669" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="8.6669">8.6669°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="2009-09-28">28 Sep 2009</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Luke 13606</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Sao Tome and Principe">SAO TOME & PRINCIPE</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Vila
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
, NW of Ribeira Peixe, track between Vila
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cão">Cao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Grande,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="m" value="200.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="150.0">150-250 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1980-01-21">21 Jan 1980</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">de Wilde et al. 220</emphasis>
|
||
(P, WAG-2 sheets); Island of St. Thomas, rec.
|
||
<date value="1861-11">Nov 1861</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Mann s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(K-000199061, K-000199062, K-000199063, P-00169118 as
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Mann 1193</emphasis>
|
||
); Ins. S. Thome in sinu Biafra, ad Fazenda do Monte
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Coffé">Coffe</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1860 (fl, yg fr in drawing),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Welwitsch 764</emphasis>
|
||
(BM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia africana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Xylopia africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia staudtii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="staudtii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Xylopia staudtii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is a smaller tree that can be distinguished by its larger sepals, obtuse outer petal apices, and red arils on the seeds.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Keay, RWJ" journalOrPublisher="Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refId="B92" refString="Keay, RWJ, 1954-1958. Flora of West Tropical Africa, second edition, Volume 1. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London" title="Flora of West Tropical Africa, second edition, Volume 1." year="1954 - 1958">Keay (1954-1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Keay, RWJ" journalOrPublisher="Clarendon (Oxford University) Press, Oxford" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refId="B93" refString="Keay, RWJ, 1989. Trees of Nigeria. Clarendon (Oxford University) Press, Oxford" title="Trees of Nigeria." year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) indicated that the leaf veins of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. africana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">X. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are dark crimson
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="35" pageNumber="36" start="start">on</pageBreakToken>
|
||
the underside of the leaves, but this has not been reported by other collectors and we did not observe this characteristic in dried specimens. The label of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Cheek 10527</emphasis>
|
||
described the fresh leaves as "nearly white below" and the leaves of dried specimens usually have a uniform tan color abaxially.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia africana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Xylopia africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. globosa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="globosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">X. globosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but has smaller obovate leaves, obtuse ovate outer petals, and lacks a keel on the abaxial surface of the inner petals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia africana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Xylopia africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occupies a unique habitat among African
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Xylopia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, occurring in mossy submontane to lower montane forest, reaching elevations of
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
. Bryophytes attached to the branches of several collections of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. africana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">X. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(particularly conspicuous on the specimen
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Nkongmeneck 580</emphasis>
|
||
) suggest the high humidity of the forests in which it grows. Associated species at one site in
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
included
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sprague" authorityYear="1906" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Carapa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carapa grandiflora" order="Sapindales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Carapa grandiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Garcinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Garcinia" order="Guttiferales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Garcinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Psychotria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Psychotria" order="Gentianales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Psychotria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mildbr" authorityYear="1953" baseAuthorityName="Engl." class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Syzygium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Syzygium staudtii" order="Myrtiflorae" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="staudtii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Syzygium staudtii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Letouzey 14551</emphasis>
|
||
). Soils in the forests in which the plants grow are acidic and sandy, with variable mineral nutrient composition (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/642579" author="Fonge, BA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Medicinal Plants Research" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" refId="B57" refString="Fonge, BA, Tchetcha, DJ, Nkembi, L, 2013. Diversity, distribution, and abundance of plants in Lewoh-Lebang in the Lebialem Highlands of southwestern Cameroon. International Journal of Biodiversity 2013: 642579, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/642579" title="Diversity, distribution, and abundance of plants in Lewoh-Lebang in the Lebialem Highlands of southwestern Cameroon. International Journal of Biodiversity 2013: 642579, 1 - 13." url="https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/642579" year="2013">Fonge et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia africana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Xylopia africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a canopy tree confined to these forests and is one of many endemic plant species threatened by continued clearing of the forests for agriculture (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Onana, JM" journalOrPublisher="Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" refId="B132" refString="Onana, JM, Cheek, M, 2011. Red Data Book of the flowering plants of Cameroon: IUCN global assessments. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" title="Red Data Book of the flowering plants of Cameroon: IUCN global assessments." year="2011">Onana and Cheek 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/642579" author="Fonge, BA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Medicinal Plants Research" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" refId="B57" refString="Fonge, BA, Tchetcha, DJ, Nkembi, L, 2013. Diversity, distribution, and abundance of plants in Lewoh-Lebang in the Lebialem Highlands of southwestern Cameroon. International Journal of Biodiversity 2013: 642579, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/642579" title="Diversity, distribution, and abundance of plants in Lewoh-Lebang in the Lebialem Highlands of southwestern Cameroon. International Journal of Biodiversity 2013: 642579, 1 - 13." url="https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/642579" year="2013">Fonge et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is one of the few
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Xylopia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species with a distribution extending to islands in the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where it occurs on Bioko and
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Sao Tome and Principe">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tomé">Tome</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
. On the former, it is found at elevations above
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
||
, while the collection
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">de Wilde et al. 220</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Sao Tome and Principe">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tomé">Tome</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
gives an elevation of only
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="m" value="200.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="150.0">150-250 m</quantity>
|
||
and a habitat of "old secondary forest with remnants of primary forest."
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
The collection
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">de Wit 7947</emphasis>
|
||
appears to be a mixed collection. Leaves in packets and some of the monocarps are
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. africana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">X. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but some detached monocarps in packets have much smaller seeds oriented obliquely to the long axis of the monocarp and may be those of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. thomsonii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="thomsonii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">X. thomsonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was collected by de Wit as
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">de Wit Herb. 7952</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1862-02" collectorName="S. Thomas, G. Mann, Bentham, This, Mann" country="Cameroon" county="Mountain" elevation="1219" location="Bentham" municipality="Mountain" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3EA19EC515ED5A338CD8D11EF8B55EBB:BA8BD8B5254C2BB0A1FBE3DDC59B5B9E" country="Cameroon" county="Mountain" municipality="Mountain" name="Bentham">Bentham</location>
|
||
gave the type information as from "Island of
|
||
<collectorName>S. Thomas</collectorName>
|
||
off the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3EA19EC515ED5A338CD8D11EF8B55EBB:A549DC357BCE1F015D586E2F6ED65B99" country="Cameroon" county="Mountain" municipality="Mountain" name="West Coast">West Coast</location>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Mountain</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, at
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" unit="ft" value="4000.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" unit="ft" value="4000.0">4000 feet</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<collectorName>G. Mann</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
)." The specimen
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Mann 1193</emphasis>
|
||
at K (ex Herb. Hook., K-000105591) from the "
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCounty>Mountain</collectingCounty>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" unit="ft" value="4000.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" unit="ft" value="4000.0">4000 ft</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
" locality, collected in
|
||
<collectingDate value="1862-02">Feb. 1862</collectingDate>
|
||
, has a flower and relatively small leaves, as well as sketches, presumably by
|
||
<collectorName>Bentham</collectorName>
|
||
, of stamens, carpels, and petals mounted on the sheet.
|
||
<collectorName>This</collectorName>
|
||
specimen is chosen as the
|
||
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. A second sheet at K (K-000105592), stamped Herb. Hook., is also numbered
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Mann 1193</emphasis>
|
||
from the same location and date, has flowers and relatively small leaves and is considered an isolectotype. The other sheets at Kew collected by
|
||
<collectorName>Mann</collectorName>
|
||
(K-000199061, K-000199062, and K-000199063) all labeled as having come from "St. Thomas," have no collection number, have leaves that are larger than those of the
|
||
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens, and have fruits
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" collectorName="S. Thomas" country="Cameroon" location="Cameroon" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
There are two sheets at P. A sheet numbered 1193 and labeled
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
Mt,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Mann</emphasis>
|
||
, 1862, has fruits and larger leaves. A second sheet has a specimen with flowers and smaller leaves and a printed ticket giving the
|
||
<collectorName>S. Thomas</collectorName>
|
||
locality but no collection number. The two labels seem to have become reversed in the distribution of the duplicates. We consider the
|
||
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
material to be the specimens with smaller leaves and flowers whatever collection number or locality may be indicated on the sheet, as they all seem to represent the same gathering
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |