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<document id="FF0116FE9E16825B33ADD7693A1012C5" ID-DOI="10.3853/j.2201-4349.73.2021.1770" ID-ISSN="2201-4349" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7177968" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1665305749919" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mcevey, Shane F. &amp; Polak, Michal" docDate="2021" docId="73198795DB5EE1112E8AF933E5FAB4CC" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.73.5.153–170.pdf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 73 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.73.2021.1770" docStyle="DocumentStyle:997BA24B490466A2F99594A367FA147F.3:RecAustMus.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="997BA24B490466A2F99594A367FA147F" docStyleName="RecAustMus.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Scaptodrosophila bryani" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="167" masterDocId="8F20FFEDDB50E11F2E4CFF88E041B302" masterDocTitle="Drosophilidae (Diptera) of the Cook Islands" masterLastPageNumber="170" masterPageNumber="153" pageNumber="167" updateTime="1699384031916" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="4513D76A58B76ABFBFA1112ABF1A6C0A">Drosophilidae (Diptera) of the Cook Islands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="021B8CAFE47267E7D7888DB1D9C1628D">Mcevey, Shane F.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="B3AA6508DB5EE1112E8AF933E2BAB5D4" box="[198,763,1723,1750]" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FB0F3683DB5EE1112E8AF933E2BAB5D4" blockId="14.[198,763,1723,1750]" box="[198,763,1723,1750]" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">
<heading id="A04781EFDB5EE1112E8AF933E2BAB5D4" bold="true" box="[198,763,1723,1750]" centered="true" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" reason="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="DBA011ADDB5EE1112E8AF933E2BAB5D4" box="[198,763,1723,1750]" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">
<treatmentCitation id="7A111092DB5EE1112E8AF933E2BAB5D4" author="Malloch, John R." box="[198,763,1723,1750]" page="310" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" year="1934">
<taxonomicName id="3CB04D00DB5EE1112E8AF933E2BAB5D4" ID-CoL="6XV27" authority="(Malloch, 1934: 310)" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityPageNumber="310" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[198,763,1723,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Scaptodrosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryani">
<emphasis id="C9C4EA91DB5EE1112E8AF933E2BAB5D4" bold="true" box="[198,763,1723,1750]" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="C9C4EA91DB5EE1112E8AF933E1B5B5D4" bold="true" box="[198,500,1723,1750]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">Scaptodrosophila bryani</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9F214B72DB5EE1112C48F934E2B3B5D4" author="Malloch, John R." box="[516,754,1724,1750]" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" pagination="267 - 328" refId="ref11641" refString="Malloch, John R. 1934 b. Part VI. Diptera. Fasc. 8. In Insects of Samoa and Other Samoan Terrestrial Arthropoda, pp. 267 - 328. London: British Museum (Natural History)." type="book chapter" year="1934">Malloch, 1934:310</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="B3AA6508DB5EE1112FD1F979E5FAB4CC" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" type="description">
<paragraph id="FB0F3683DB5EE1112FD1F979E263B409" blockId="14.[413,546,1777,1803]" box="[413,546,1777,1803]" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">
<figureCitation id="638B2A06DB5EE1112FD1F979E263B409" box="[413,546,1777,1803]" captionStart="Figures 34–41" captionStartId="14.[166,243,1080,1102]" captionTargetBox="[166,1466,151,1069]" captionTargetId="figure-256@14.[166,1466,151,1069]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 34–41. Scaptodrosophila bryani (Malloch), lateral views of males (34–37, K.393581–82, K.393583) and females (38–40, K.393585–87); anterior, middle, and posterior katepisternal setae (kepst s) indicated (36–37); detail of setae arising from scutellum (ap sctl s, apical scutellar seta, long; b sctl s, basal scutellar seta, short) and posterior part of scutum (41). All with label data: “COOK IS, Mangaia | –21.9531° –157.9148° | 7.ii.2017 ... fruit | Michal Polak” except Figs. 37 and 41: “NT Casuarina urban | 12.3731°S 130.8864°E | fruit compost 28.ix.2009 | S. McEvey &amp; M. Braby”. All in AM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7177988" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7177988/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">Figs 34–41</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB0F3683DB5EE1112EEAF8A8E5FAB4CC" blockId="14.[166,795,1824,1995]" lastBlockId="14.[839,1467,1299,1999]" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">
Of the two
<taxonomicName id="3CB04D00DB5EE1112F51F8A8E26AB43A" box="[285,555,1824,1848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="C9C4EA91DB5EE1112F51F8A8E199B43A" box="[285,472,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">Scaptodrosophila</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
known from the
<collectingCountry id="83A77613DB5EE1112CACF8A8E0B5B454" name="Cook Islands" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">Cook Islands</collectingCountry>
, this one—
<emphasis id="C9C4EA91DB5EE1112F3CF8B6E1ABB454" box="[368,490,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName id="3CB04D00DB5EE1112F3CF8B6E18EB454" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[368,463,1854,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Scaptodrosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryani">S. bryani</taxonomicName>
—
</emphasis>
is by far the most abundant: absent at only one of the 16 sites surveyed and the second most common species overall (
<tableCitation id="B6320338DB5EE1112FBFF8F0E206B493" box="[499,583,1912,1937]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[166,229,171,195]" captionText="Table 2. Geospatial data for the collection sites on three of the Cook Islands: Aitutaki, Mangaia and Rarotonga. Altitude range from Google Earth." pageId="14" pageNumber="167">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Easily recognized by reference to the relative lengths of the scutellar setae: the basal pair are much shorter than the apical pair (
<figureCitation id="638B2A06DB5EE1112CA3F83BE324B62E" box="[751,869,1300,1995]" captionStart="Figures 34–41" captionStartId="14.[166,243,1080,1102]" captionTargetBox="[166,1466,151,1069]" captionTargetId="figure-256@14.[166,1466,151,1069]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 34–41. Scaptodrosophila bryani (Malloch), lateral views of males (34–37, K.393581–82, K.393583) and females (38–40, K.393585–87); anterior, middle, and posterior katepisternal setae (kepst s) indicated (36–37); detail of setae arising from scutellum (ap sctl s, apical scutellar seta, long; b sctl s, basal scutellar seta, short) and posterior part of scutum (41). All with label data: “COOK IS, Mangaia | –21.9531° –157.9148° | 7.ii.2017 ... fruit | Michal Polak” except Figs. 37 and 41: “NT Casuarina urban | 12.3731°S 130.8864°E | fruit compost 28.ix.2009 | S. McEvey &amp; M. Braby”. All in AM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7177988" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7177988/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
); males and females are similar in general appearance (
<figureCitation id="638B2A06DB5EE1112D03FAB9E38DB64B" box="[847,972,1329,1353]" captionStart="Figures 34–41" captionStartId="14.[166,243,1080,1102]" captionTargetBox="[166,1466,151,1069]" captionTargetId="figure-256@14.[166,1466,151,1069]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 34–41. Scaptodrosophila bryani (Malloch), lateral views of males (34–37, K.393581–82, K.393583) and females (38–40, K.393585–87); anterior, middle, and posterior katepisternal setae (kepst s) indicated (36–37); detail of setae arising from scutellum (ap sctl s, apical scutellar seta, long; b sctl s, basal scutellar seta, short) and posterior part of scutum (41). All with label data: “COOK IS, Mangaia | –21.9531° –157.9148° | 7.ii.2017 ... fruit | Michal Polak” except Figs. 37 and 41: “NT Casuarina urban | 12.3731°S 130.8864°E | fruit compost 28.ix.2009 | S. McEvey &amp; M. Braby”. All in AM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7177988" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7177988/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">Figs 34–40</figureCitation>
); note that the katepisternal setae are large and subequal (indicated in
<figureCitation id="638B2A06DB5EE1112A79FAC6E4EFB664" box="[1077,1198,1358,1382]" captionStart="Figures 34–41" captionStartId="14.[166,243,1080,1102]" captionTargetBox="[166,1466,151,1069]" captionTargetId="figure-256@14.[166,1466,151,1069]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 34–41. Scaptodrosophila bryani (Malloch), lateral views of males (34–37, K.393581–82, K.393583) and females (38–40, K.393585–87); anterior, middle, and posterior katepisternal setae (kepst s) indicated (36–37); detail of setae arising from scutellum (ap sctl s, apical scutellar seta, long; b sctl s, basal scutellar seta, short) and posterior part of scutum (41). All with label data: “COOK IS, Mangaia | –21.9531° –157.9148° | 7.ii.2017 ... fruit | Michal Polak” except Figs. 37 and 41: “NT Casuarina urban | 12.3731°S 130.8864°E | fruit compost 28.ix.2009 | S. McEvey &amp; M. Braby”. All in AM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7177988" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7177988/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">Figs 36–37</figureCitation>
), a characteristic of many species of
<taxonomicName id="3CB04D00DB5EE1112D8EFAE3E4C3B681" authorityName="Duda" authorityYear="1923" box="[962,1154,1387,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Scaptodrosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C9C4EA91DB5EE1112D8EFAE3E4C3B681" box="[962,1154,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">Scaptodrosophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but not one of
<taxonomicName id="3CB04D00DB5EE1112B75FAE3E5F5B681" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1823" box="[1337,1460,1387,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C9C4EA91DB5EE1112B75FAE3E5F5B681" box="[1337,1460,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">Drosophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Throughout the TSP reference to subequal katepisternal and unequal scutellar setae is an easy and reliable diagnostic for this species. However, Curran (1936) named a species that is, from a reading of his description, indistinguishable from
<emphasis id="C9C4EA91DB5EE1112DCEFA76E3ABB514" box="[898,1002,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName id="3CB04D00DB5EE1112DCEFA76E3A7B514" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[898,998,1534,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Scaptodrosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryani">S. bryani</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Curran’s species
<taxonomicName id="3CB04D00DB5EE1112AEBFA76E52BB514" baseAuthorityName="Curran" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1191,1386,1534,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anuda">
<emphasis id="C9C4EA91DB5EE1112AEBFA76E52BB514" box="[1191,1386,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">Drosophila anuda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(which he recognized as belonging in
<taxonomicName id="3CB04D00DB5EE1112AE0F993E5E1B531" authority="Duda" authorityName="Duda" authorityYear="1923" box="[1196,1440,1563,1587]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Paradrosophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C9C4EA91DB5EE1112AE0F993E51BB531" box="[1196,1370,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">Paradrosophila</emphasis>
Duda
</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="3CB04D00DB5EE1112D04F9B1E3BCB553" authorityName="Duda" authorityYear="1923" box="[840,1021,1593,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Scaptodrosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C9C4EA91DB5EE1112D04F9B1E3BCB553" box="[840,1021,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">Scaptodrosophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] is known only from the very small “Anuda Island” [sic, possiblyAnuta
<collectingCountry id="83A77613DB5EE1112A29F9DEE4E4B56C" box="[1125,1189,1622,1646]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">Island</collectingCountry>
–11.6120° 169.8496°,
<figureCitation id="638B2A06DB5EE1112BDDF9DEE315B58E" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[164,232,915,937]" captionTargetBox="[121,1422,158,2005]" captionTargetId="figure-10@1.[121,1421,151,1642]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Main islands or archipelagos of the Tropical South Pacific (TSP, above).The Cook Islands, as a country, includes Pukapuka coral atoll in the northern group; the present survey is restricted to the three large islands—Rarotonga, Aitutaki and Mangaia—of the Cook Islands southern group, boxed in blue above and enlarged below. Atolls and smaller islands in the Cook Islands southern group are named in grey below (see also Fig. 2 and Tables 1–3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7177970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7177970/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
] and from the “Nupani Reef Island” (–10.0483° 165.7211° or –10.2340° 166.3100°) in the Santa Cruz Group of the
<collectingCountry id="83A77613DB5EE1112D0BF926E3BCB5C4" box="[839,1021,1710,1734]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
. Years of collecting in the TSP allows the generalization that if drosophilids are found at all on any remote or small island, especially on low sparsely vegetated islands, they will be one of the three most common species often associated with humans in or near dwellings at sea level:
<emphasis id="C9C4EA91DB5EE1112DDDF8CAE4B3B45B" box="[913,1266,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName id="3CB04D00DB5EE1112DDDF8CAE46FB45B" authorityName="Doleschall" authorityYear="1859" box="[913,1070,1858,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ananassae">D. ananassae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3CB04D00DB5EE1112A72F8CAE4B3B45B" baseAuthorityName="Duda" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1086,1266,1857,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulfurigaster">D. sulfurigaster</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
or
<emphasis id="C9C4EA91DB5EE1112B53F8C9E5CEB45B" box="[1311,1423,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName id="3CB04D00DB5EE1112B53F8C9E5CAB45B" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[1311,1419,1857,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Scaptodrosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryani">S. bryani</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
An examination of the
<taxonomicName id="3CB04D00DB5EE1112A6EF8D6E570B474" authority="(Curran, 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Curran" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1058,1329,1886,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anuda">
<emphasis id="C9C4EA91DB5EE1112A6EF8D6E4C2B474" box="[1058,1155,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">S. anuda</emphasis>
(Curran, 1936)
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="240B8821DB5EE1112B76F8D7E532B475" box="[1338,1395,1887,1911]" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">types</typeStatus>
series (
<specimenCount id="EDB6FD0ADB5EE1112D1CF8F3E3C9B491" box="[848,904,1915,1939]" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" type="male">5♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="EDB6FD0ADB5EE1112DDBF8F3E38DB491" box="[919,972,1915,1939]" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" type="female">5♀♀</specimenCount>
) in the Museum of the California Academy of Sciences (Entomology) would be necessary to settle the question of whether or not it is a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="3CB04D00DB5EE1112B1BF83EE5F5B4CC" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[1367,1460,1974,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Scaptodrosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryani">
<emphasis id="C9C4EA91DB5EE1112B1BF83EE5F5B4CC" box="[1367,1460,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="167">S. bryani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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