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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.909.35278" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ddc0b0c4-9482-4e13-8c6a-7169a9a2412d" ID-PMC="PMC7015969" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-909-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="20461C583BD85D32967073986DD9C353" ID-PubMed="32089632" ID-ZooBank="202D2B194952431DA07680D6110971CA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-909-1" checkinTime="1580983814342" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wang, Adam, Conti-Jerpe, Inga Elizabeth, Richards, John Lawrence &amp; Baker, David Michael" docDate="2020" docId="6F121D2DFAB458F7B5A1446F71F20B07" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 909: 1-24" docOrigin="ZooKeys 909" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.909.35278" docTitle="Phestilla subodiosus Wang &amp; Conti-Jerpe &amp; Richards &amp; Baker 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="F5F4BF04-1295-4A66-87F9-F09BC61590EB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="20461C583BD85D32967073986DD9C353" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="20461C583BD85D32967073986DD9C353" masterDocTitle="Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov. (Nudibranchia, Trinchesiidae), a corallivorous pest species in the aquarium trade" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668168388623" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov. (Nudibranchia, Trinchesiidae), a corallivorous pest species in the aquarium trade</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Adam</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Conti-Jerpe, Inga Elizabeth</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Richards, John Lawrence</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Baker, David Michael</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>909</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>24</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.909.35278</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.909.35278</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-909-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">202D2B194952431DA07680D6110971CA</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">20461C583BD85D32967073986DD9C353</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162047758" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F5F4BF04-1295-4A66-87F9-F09BC61590EB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F121D2DFAB458F7B5A1446F71F20B07" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="6F121D2D-FAB4-58F7-B5A1-446F71F20B07" authority="Wang &amp; Conti-Jerpe &amp; Richards &amp; Baker, 2020" authorityName="Wang &amp; Conti-Jerpe &amp; Richards &amp; Baker" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla subodiosus" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subodiosus" status="sp. nov.">Phestilla subodiosus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. An aggregation of living individuals of Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov. on Montipora sp. White arrows indicate metamorphosed individuals; white circles indicate clusters of egg masses." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376769" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Specimens of Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov.: A adult (4 mm paratype) B adult feeding on Montipora sp. C paratype egg mass on Montipora sp. fragment." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376770" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Combined COI- 16 S-H 3 Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference phylogenetic hypotheses. Support values indicate Bootstrap (BS) and Posterior Probability (PP) rounded to two significant digits on the ML and BI trees. Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov. and P. chaetopterana comb. nov. are highlighted. Trees rooted on Eubranchus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376771" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Preserved holotype 2 mm and eggs of Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov.: A ventral view of holotype B dorsal view of holotype C preserved egg cluster paratype collected from Montipora sp. fragment." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376772" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Costa" authorityYear="1866" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Tenellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenellia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Tenellia</taxonomicName>
sp. L:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167800" author="Cella, K" journalOrPublisher="Wiley, Iowa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B7" refString="Cella, K, Carmona, L, Ekimova, I, Chichvarkhin, A, Schepetov, D, Gosliner, T, 2016. A radical solution: The phylogeny of the nudibranch family Fionidae. PLoS ONE 11(23): e0167800. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167800" title="A radical solution: The phylogeny of the nudibranch family Fionidae. PLoS ONE 11 (23): e 0167800." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167800" year="2016">Cella et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 9, 14, fig. 2, table 5 (locality unlisted).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Costa" authorityYear="1866" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Tenellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenellia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Tenellia</taxonomicName>
sp.:
<bibRefCitation author="Cho, YG" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MG878397.1" refId="B10" refString="Cho, YG, Kang, HS, Choi, JH, Choi, KS, 2018. Tenellia sp. YGC-2018 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, partial cds; mitochondrial. GenBank Sequence. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MG878397.1" title="Tenellia sp. YGC- 2018 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, partial cds; mitochondrial. GenBank Sequence." url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MG878397.1" year="2018">Cho et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
: GenBank Accession number MG878397 (Jeju Island, South Korea).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
: [SWIMS-MOL-17-001]. 1 specimen 2 mm long in 95% ethanol, dissected, Hong Kong SAR:
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1830" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Montipora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Montipora" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montipora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., cultured in aquaria, coll. A. Wang, 19 Nov. 2017 (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Preserved holotype 2 mm and eggs of Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov.: A ventral view of holotype B dorsal view of holotype C preserved egg cluster paratype collected from Montipora sp. fragment." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376772" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4a, b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Internal morphology of Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov.: A schematic of rachidian tooth. Abbreviations: B, base; D, denticles; CC, central cusp B schematic of jaw plates overlaid onto microscope imagery C microscope imagery of reproductive system. Abbreviations: GO, genital opening; Pr, prostate; FGM, female gland mass; Am, ampulla D schematic of reproductive system. Abbreviations: PG, penile gland; Pr, prostate; VD, vas deferens; Va, vagina; FGM, female gland mass; Am, ampulla; HS, hermaphrodite system." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376773" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5c</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
: [SWIMS-MOL-17-002]. 1 egg case 1 mm long in 95% ethanol. Hong Kong SAR:
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1830" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Montipora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Montipora" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montipora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., cultured in aquaria, coll. A. Wang, 25 Nov. 2017 (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Specimens of Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov.: A adult (4 mm paratype) B adult feeding on Montipora sp. C paratype egg mass on Montipora sp. fragment." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376770" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Preserved holotype 2 mm and eggs of Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov.: A ventral view of holotype B dorsal view of holotype C preserved egg cluster paratype collected from Montipora sp. fragment." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376772" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4c</figureCitation>
).[SWIMS-MOL-18-001]. 1 specimen 1.2 mm long in 95% ethanol. Hong Kong SAR:
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1830" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Montipora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Montipora" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montipora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., cultured in aquaria, coll. A. Wang, 8 Mar. 2018 (live specimen in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. An aggregation of living individuals of Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov. on Montipora sp. White arrows indicate metamorphosed individuals; white circles indicate clusters of egg masses." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376769" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
). [SWIMS-MOL-19-008]. 1 specimen 3.0 mm long in 95% ethanol, dissected, Thailand: Koh Tao, Taa Chaa, depth 5 m, coll. R. Mehrotra, 22 Apr. 2019 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Internal morphology of Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov.: A schematic of rachidian tooth. Abbreviations: B, base; D, denticles; CC, central cusp B schematic of jaw plates overlaid onto microscope imagery C microscope imagery of reproductive system. Abbreviations: GO, genital opening; Pr, prostate; FGM, female gland mass; Am, ampulla D schematic of reproductive system. Abbreviations: PG, penile gland; Pr, prostate; VD, vas deferens; Va, vagina; FGM, female gland mass; Am, ampulla; HS, hermaphrodite system." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376773" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5b</figureCitation>
) [SWIMS-MOL-17-003]. DNA extract from whole specimen 4mm long in 100% ethanol. Hong Kong SAR:
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1830" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Montipora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Montipora" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montipora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., cultured in aquaria, coll. A. Wang, 19 Nov. 2017 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Specimens of Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov.: A adult (4 mm paratype) B adult feeding on Montipora sp. C paratype egg mass on Montipora sp. fragment." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376770" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2a</figureCitation>
) [SWIMS-MOL-18-002], [SWIMS-MOL-18-003], [SWIMS-MOL-18-004], [SWIMS-MOL-18-005], [SWIMS-MOL-18-006], [SWIMS-MOL-18-007]. DNA extracts from whole specimens 1-3.5 mm long in 100% ethanol. GenBank, respectively, Hong Kong SAR:
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1830" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Montipora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Montipora" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montipora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., cultured in aquaria, coll. A. Wang, 8 Mar. 2018 (live specimens in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. An aggregation of living individuals of Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov. on Montipora sp. White arrows indicate metamorphosed individuals; white circles indicate clusters of egg masses." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376769" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The specific epithet,
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Montipora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="subodiosus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="subodiosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">subodiosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Latin for odious and vexatious, is symbolic of its status as a pest in the aquarium trade, and also a homage to the time and prized
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1830" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Montipora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Montipora" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montipora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colonies the first author lost to in an outbreak of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Specimen collected from Koh Tao, Thailand (this paper). Reported from Jeju Island, Korea (
<bibRefCitation author="Cho, YG" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MG878397.1" refId="B10" refString="Cho, YG, Kang, HS, Choi, JH, Choi, KS, 2018. Tenellia sp. YGC-2018 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, partial cds; mitochondrial. GenBank Sequence. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MG878397.1" title="Tenellia sp. YGC- 2018 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, partial cds; mitochondrial. GenBank Sequence." url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MG878397.1" year="2018">Cho et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Costa" authorityYear="1866" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Tenellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenellia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tenellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.) and confirmed using molecular methods. A similar species reported from Singapore according to a personal communication with Harris published by Robertson (1987: 3), unconfirmed. The type locality of the material from
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167800" author="Cella, K" journalOrPublisher="Wiley, Iowa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B7" refString="Cella, K, Carmona, L, Ekimova, I, Chichvarkhin, A, Schepetov, D, Gosliner, T, 2016. A radical solution: The phylogeny of the nudibranch family Fionidae. PLoS ONE 11(23): e0167800. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167800" title="A radical solution: The phylogeny of the nudibranch family Fionidae. PLoS ONE 11 (23): e 0167800." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167800" year="2016">Cella et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
was not listed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">External morphology</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. An aggregation of living individuals of Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov. on Montipora sp. White arrows indicate metamorphosed individuals; white circles indicate clusters of egg masses." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376769" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Specimens of Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov.: A adult (4 mm paratype) B adult feeding on Montipora sp. C paratype egg mass on Montipora sp. fragment." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376770" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Preserved holotype 2 mm and eggs of Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov.: A ventral view of holotype B dorsal view of holotype C preserved egg cluster paratype collected from Montipora sp. fragment." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376772" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
). Thin elongate body. Sexually mature adults 1.5 mm to 4 mm in length, 0.5 mm to 1 mm in width. Oral tentacles connected to oral veil arising from edge approximately under rhinophores, brown band near the distal third. Rhinophores rounded distally, not distinct and lacking lamellae, with brown band near middle. Oral tentacles and rhinophores approximately same length. Eyes slightly posterior to each rhinophore. Body lacking obvious rhinophoral sheaths. First ceratal row slightly posterior to rhinophores. Fully developed rows contain three cerata. Cerata unbranching and arranged regularly in sloping transverse rows with two to three rows adjoining pericardium. One to three rows of cerata anterior to pericardium with no precardiac rows. Cerata lacking cnidosacs and always swollen terminally. Two to three additional swollen bulbs on fully developed cerata (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Specimens of Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov.: A adult (4 mm paratype) B adult feeding on Montipora sp. C paratype egg mass on Montipora sp. fragment." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376770" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
). Pericardium hump thick in relation to rest of body, nearly 1 mm thick, beginning at first cerata row and ending between second and third row (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Specimens of Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov.: A adult (4 mm paratype) B adult feeding on Montipora sp. C paratype egg mass on Montipora sp. fragment." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376770" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
). Body tapers strongly in thickness (&lt;&lt; 1 mm) after pericardium hump. Gonopore below and anterior to first cerata row, approx. at same height as the second cerata on the first row. Mouth large, diameter nearly equal to width of body, and clearly separated from foot.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376772" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Preserved holotype 2 mm and eggs of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang &amp; Conti-Jerpe &amp; Richards &amp; Baker" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla subodiosus" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subodiosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phestilla subodiosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
ventral view of holotype
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
dorsal view of holotype
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
preserved egg cluster paratype collected from
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1830" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Montipora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Montipora" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montipora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. fragment.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Internal morphology</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Internal morphology of Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov.: A schematic of rachidian tooth. Abbreviations: B, base; D, denticles; CC, central cusp B schematic of jaw plates overlaid onto microscope imagery C microscope imagery of reproductive system. Abbreviations: GO, genital opening; Pr, prostate; FGM, female gland mass; Am, ampulla D schematic of reproductive system. Abbreviations: PG, penile gland; Pr, prostate; VD, vas deferens; Va, vagina; FGM, female gland mass; Am, ampulla; HS, hermaphrodite system." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376773" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
). Jaws translucent and thin, smaller than 0.5 mm in 3 mm individual. Radular formula 12
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.1.0 in 3 mm individual, uniseriate. Teeth with central cusp and five to seven denticles on each side. Denticles and cusp arranged on curved edge. All denticles approx. same length. Central cusp longer and reaching slightly further than innermost denticles. Lacking secondary denticles. Reproductive system diaulic and spread throughout body. Penile bulb curved, connected to genital opening by short prostate, and adheres to wall of nudibranch. Female gland mass diameter 1.5 times size of penile bulb. Ampulla long and winding, diameter slightly larger than that of penile bulb, connected to vagina and appressed onto female gland mass, leading to hermaphrodite system. Lacks vas deferens. Penile bulb, female gland mass, and ampulla 0.5 mm to 1 mm combined.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.909.35278.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376773" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Internal morphology of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang &amp; Conti-Jerpe &amp; Richards &amp; Baker" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Phestilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phestilla subodiosus" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subodiosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phestilla subodiosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
schematic of rachidian tooth. Abbreviations: B, base; D, denticles; CC, central cusp
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
schematic of jaw plates overlaid onto microscope imagery
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
microscope imagery of reproductive system. Abbreviations: GO, genital opening; Pr, prostate; FGM, female gland mass; Am, ampulla
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
schematic of reproductive system. Abbreviations: PG, penile gland; Pr, prostate; VD, vas deferens; Va, vagina; FGM, female gland mass; Am, ampulla; HS, hermaphrodite system.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Color.</emphasis>
Two ontogenetic color forms. Juvenile animals with white epidermal pigment throughout entire body. Adults with white epidermal pigment and translucent ceratal epidermis. Cerata speckled with brown clots, possibly from internal fluids or dinoflagellates of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1874" family="Symbiodiniaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Symbiodiniaceae</taxonomicName>
from coral hosts. Swollen regions on cerata lack speckles. Speckle density decreases towards the posterior of the cerata.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Defense mechanisms</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Cerata observed to autotomize and secrete viscous adhesive mucus, usually encapsulating abscised ceras, when animal is disturbed tacitly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Observed prey items.</emphasis>
Preys on coral species in the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1830" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Montipora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Montipora" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montipora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Does not feed on corals of genera
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Porites" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Porites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acropora" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Acropora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Klunzinger" authorityYear="1879" class="Anthozoa" family="Lobophylliidae" genus="Echinophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinophyllia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Echinophyllia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Reports of feeding on corals in genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Anacropora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anacropora" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anacropora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Henschen, B" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://coralrx.com/2018/12/28/montipora-eating-nudibranchs/" refId="B31" refString="Henschen, B, 2018. Montipora Eating Nudibranchs | Coral Rx Don't Risk It Dip It! https://coralrx.com/2018/12/28/montipora-eating-nudibranchs/" title="Montipora Eating Nudibranchs | Coral Rx Don't Risk It Dip It!" url="https://coralrx.com/2018/12/28/montipora-eating-nudibranchs/" year="2018">Henschen 2018</bibRefCitation>
), a sister genus to
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1830" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Montipora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Montipora" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montipora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.17.689" author="Fukami, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="689 - 696" refId="B21" refString="Fukami, H, Omori, M, Hatta, M, 2000. Phylogenetic relationships in the coral family Acroporidae, reassessed by inference from mitochondrial genes. Zoological Science 17 (5): 689 - 696, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.17.689" title="Phylogenetic relationships in the coral family Acroporidae, reassessed by inference from mitochondrial genes." url="https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.17.689" volume="17" year="2000">Fukami et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
); however, this observation is unconfirmed by the authors.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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