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<mods:title id="665E91094DCEB5D7078DA474B8FFDB78">Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F0525322E2211E0073C14548DC02EDF9">Nastasi, Louis F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="31B24AA45C05E17E282EF900E475B0BC">Frost Entomological Museum, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Science &amp; Industries Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DAE221ADA64921D1DEDFC73BE8E215E1">Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="68144D477FE54797083AA639A2B24BCA">Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, DC, 20013, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B3FBD4AAD868C1B157CB84AE87C96F38">Davis, Charles K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8E30CD976C6EB21E0C5A6F2D7F0F784A">Frost Entomological Museum, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Science &amp; Industries Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CAEEA1A6D7AB36D78F191FCAC12C9A5E">Deans, Andrew R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="84361D0C01C1375FDD455716E294AF9E">Frost Entomological Museum, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Science &amp; Industries Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="457A751FA4BBE281728A77FACC48E7D4" LSID="267542F4-9CC3-57AD-9176-075CA7EAC182" authority="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2019" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Buffingtonella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Buffingtonella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Buffingtonella Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2019</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="44AFDA119BF84046706E9185C9E1A619" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="type species">
<paragraph id="7194FC33CB4BAEF28EA6602B41B73471" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1841617ED1877D290034DEA3FD0B8D25" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicName id="730FB9A37500063838B9497DB06B1A42" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceroptres politus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politus">
<emphasis id="2114203A9571C31CB1251A5AB40F8C9A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Ceroptres politus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ashmead, 1896
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<subSubSection id="919CF68F0DB976FED99A64BEFE5A31D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="883AEBC370E0A5176585A8E79A29FA3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A926E7BD5A24ABDDEE15E41B90AA651" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Area between toruli not depressed and without dense pubescence. Metasomal tergite 1 relatively large and ring-like, not concealed, and longitudinally striate. Frons entirely without facial carinae ventral to toruli.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="2C30B246A1CD1FEE1683BB4965BAC873" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="notes">
<paragraph id="EDCF604FB72203D0785BAC735B561C13" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FFEB94B437D0608D4F24F78F3E23745A" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicName id="BC403AC1FA1FD6A7814C59B44996957E" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Buffingtonella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Buffingtonella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F8FDD8F924503F18BC4E411B431452AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Buffingtonella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from Virginia from eight specimens collected in 1884 and 1885 (
<bibRefCitation id="5A0FF4E1BDEE34CFF1E724E524904BD5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1" author="Lobato-Vila, I" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 67" refId="B9" refString="Lobato-Vila, I, Pujade-Villar, J, 2019. Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species. Zootaxa 4685 (1): 1 - 67, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1" title="Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1" volume="4685" year="2019">Lobato-Vila and Pujade-Villar 2019</bibRefCitation>
). These specimens were apparently ovipositing into the midribs of leaves of
<taxonomicName id="E676922F02BB57F22309AC7BA9AA9219" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus rubra" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="rubra">
<emphasis id="C3D99481326884FCC00133E2923D7551" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Quercus rubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. at the time of collection, and as such,
<taxonomicName id="51BAE9B4B0A655E8E26D374947FCFB77" lsidName="B. polita" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="polita">
<emphasis id="51FB0DF844D86A70F7F637F40531DD58" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">B. polita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been assumed to be an inquiline of an unidentified oak gall wasp (
<bibRefCitation id="ADAF1FE612E7009F68F558AE9500F898" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1" author="Lobato-Vila, I" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 67" refId="B9" refString="Lobato-Vila, I, Pujade-Villar, J, 2019. Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species. Zootaxa 4685 (1): 1 - 67, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1" title="Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1" volume="4685" year="2019">Lobato-Vila and Pujade-Villar 2019</bibRefCitation>
). However, the placement of this genus in
<taxonomicName id="130654064A84B6638A02DEBC1C04CC1E" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceroptresini">Ceroptresini</taxonomicName>
, its recognition as distinct from other related taxa, and its biology remain to be substantiated (
<bibRefCitation id="17D63A4B14EA8BAB7423B9921AB06683" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1" author="Lobato-Vila, I" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 67" refId="B9" refString="Lobato-Vila, I, Pujade-Villar, J, 2019. Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species. Zootaxa 4685 (1): 1 - 67, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1" title="Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1" volume="4685" year="2019">Lobato-Vila and Pujade-Villar 2019</bibRefCitation>
). Upon examining the aforementioned material of this species in the National Museum of Natural History, we confirm the diagnostic characters for the genus as described by
<bibRefCitation id="71C89F1B669D7197AAC118B9D9A98AF7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1" author="Lobato-Vila, I" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 67" refId="B9" refString="Lobato-Vila, I, Pujade-Villar, J, 2019. Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species. Zootaxa 4685 (1): 1 - 67, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1" title="Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1" volume="4685" year="2019">Lobato-Vila and Pujade-Villar (2019)</bibRefCitation>
and have included it in the above key.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1FC760DB2EB80C52897DEA1840AD65C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="north american species (nastasi and deans 2021)">
<paragraph id="2916CA9BA273F4E17B2B531A417FCA36" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">North American species (Nastasi and Deans 2021):</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26F38B81A4A8E3D083D4BAF03E8E1FB2" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
1.
<taxonomicName id="4C3211CF57032FB5473A1CD0D0186EEA" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Buffingtonella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Buffingtonella polita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polita">
<emphasis id="D7B2845F961DBAFE854A4C4F77981AC6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Buffingtonella polita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ashmead, 1896)
</paragraph>
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