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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.127.928" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8df52d8e-6b7e-4b05-a10a-2feed7078ff6" ID-PMC="PMC3175129" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-127-29" ID-PubMed="21998546" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-127-29" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 127" ModsDocTitle="The genus Andraca (Lepidoptera, Endromidae) in China with descriptions of a new species" checkinTime="1451249927079" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wang, Xing, Zeng, Ling &amp; Wang, Min" docDate="2011" docId="FFD7F1C64F99C2BA19A783C6E7C2D6D8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 127: 29-42" docOrigin="ZooKeys 127" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.127.928" docTitle="Andraca bipunctata Walker, l 865" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFBBFF86FFA1FFDBFFBFFF984E2EFFAD" masterDocTitle="The genus Andraca (Lepidoptera, Endromidae) in China with descriptions of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1668152066497" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The genus Andraca (Lepidoptera, Endromidae) in China with descriptions of a new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Xing</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zeng, Ling</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Min</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>127</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>29</mods:start>
<mods:end>42</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.127.928</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.127.928</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-127-29</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152030653" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FFD7F1C64F99C2BA19A783C6E7C2D6D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FFD7F1C64F99C2BA19A783C6E7C2D6D8" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Andraca_bipunctata" authority="Walker, l 865" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca bipunctata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">Andraca bipunctata Walker, l865</taxonomicName>
Figs 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="A2">-A2-</normalizedToken>
A
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca bipunctata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">Andraca bipunctata</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1865, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus., 32: 582. Type locality: Hindustan, India.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca bipunctata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">Andraca bipunctata</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1862: Chu&amp; Wang, 1993, Sinozoologia, 10: 241.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca henosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henosa">Andraca henosa</taxonomicName>
Chu &amp; Wang, 1993, Sinozoologia,10: 242. Type locality: Yunnan, China.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca henosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henosa">Andraca henosa</taxonomicName>
Chu &amp; Wang: Chu &amp; Wang, 1996, Fauna Sinica Insecta, 5: 55.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Male (China): wingspan 42-45 mm, length of forewing 21-23 mm, antenna length 6-8 mm (Fig. 1-A). Male genitalia (Fig. 2-A): uncus broad, duck beak-shaped; gnathos long, finger-shaped; vesica with a cluster of strong spinose cornuti</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Female genitalia: see above under generic entry.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="30" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Material Examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">[CHINA]2♂♂, western Yunnan, 2005-VI-15, Ming-Yi Tian leg.; 2♂♂, Dulongjiang, Yunnan Province, 2006-VII-21, Min Wang &amp; Xiao-Ling Fan leg.; 1♂1♀, Gongshan Mountain, Yunnan Province, 2006-VII-22, Min Wang &amp; Xiao-Ling Fan leg.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="30" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Host.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Camellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Camellia sinensis" order="Ericales" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">Camellia sinensis</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName genus="Theaceae" lsidName="Theaceae" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" rank="genus">Theaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Camellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Camellia (Assamica)" order="Ericales" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Assamica">Camellia Assamica</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName genus="Theaceae" lsidName="Theaceae" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" rank="genus">Theaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Camellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Camellia oleifera" order="Ericales" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleifera">Camellia oleifera</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName genus="Theaceae" lsidName="Theaceae" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" rank="genus">Theaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">China (Yunnan); India.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
Figure 1. Distributional map of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Andraca</taxonomicName>
spp. from China.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="30" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
This widely distributed species is rather variable in coloration and size.
<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Moore (1865)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca trilochoides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trilochoides">Andraca trilochoides</taxonomicName>
from a brighter and grayish individual. This taxon was later synonymized with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca bipunctata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">Andraca bipunctata</taxonomicName>
by Hampson, ([1893]), an action that was followed by
<bibRefCitation author="Strand, E" editor="Seitz, A" journalOrPublisher="Macrolepidoptera of the World" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" pagination="436 - 457" title="Bombycidae" volume="10" year="1924">Strand (1924)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca bipunctata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">Andraca bipunctata</taxonomicName>
is closely related to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca angulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulata">Andraca angulata</taxonomicName>
Kishida, 1993 (Nepal and India: Sikkim),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca theae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theae">Andraca theae</taxonomicName>
(Taiwan) and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca stueningi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stueningi">Andraca stueningi</taxonomicName>
(Vietnam). These four species form the bipunctata group, and share the following characteristics: 1) male hindtibia with one pair of spurs; 2) two dorsally-directed projections present on subapical part of valva; 3) external surface of aedeagus partially covered with hair-like spines; 4) a cluster of strong spinose cornuti on vesica.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
Larvae of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca bipunctata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">Andraca bipunctata</taxonomicName>
are well-known serious pests of tea trees,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Camellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Camellia sinensis" order="Ericales" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">Camellia sinensis</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName genus="Theaceae" lsidName="Theaceae" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" rank="genus">Theaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation author="Banerjee, B" journalOrPublisher="Crop Protection" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" pagination="115 - 119" title="A strategy for the control of Andraca bipunctata Walker on tea." volume="1" year="1982">Banerjee 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Chang, HG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Anhui Agricultural College" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" pagination="137 - 140" title="Effects of temperature on development of the egg stage of the tea bunch caterpillar Andraca bipunctata Walker." volume="16" year="1989">Chang 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Chen, JX" journalOrPublisher="Chinese Journal of Biological Control" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" pagination="72 - 76" title="Studies on a granulosis virus of the tea bunch caterpillar Andraca bipunctata [LEP.: Bombycidae] and its utilization." volume="8" year="1992">Chen et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Panigrahi, A" journalOrPublisher="Environment and Ecology" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" pagination="942 - 946" title="Fungus Cordyceps militaris (Fries) link infestation in the pupa of the tea pest Andraca bipunctata Walker." volume="13" year="1995">Panigrahi 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Ho, HY" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Chemical Ecology" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" pagination="271 - 285" title="Isolation, identification, and synthesis of sex pheromone components of female tea cluster caterpillar Andraca bipunctata walker (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) in Taiwan." volume="22" year="1996">Ho et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Upadhyay, RK" journalOrPublisher="Springer Publisher" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" pagination="162 - 163" title="Biocontrol Potential and its Exploitation in Sustainable Agriculture: Volume 2: Insect Pests" year="2001">Upadhyay et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
Figure 2. Adult male
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Andraca</taxonomicName>
spp. A
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca bipunctata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">Andraca bipunctata</taxonomicName>
Walker, l865 from Yunnan B
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca olivacea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivacea">Andraca olivacea</taxonomicName>
Matsumura, 1927 from Guangdong C
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca apodecta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apodecta">Andraca apodecta</taxonomicName>
Swinhoe, 1907 from Guangxi D
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca flavamaculata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavamaculata">Andraca flavamaculata</taxonomicName>
Yang, 1995 from Guangdong E
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca gongshanensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gongshanensis">Andraca gongshanensis</taxonomicName>
, sp. n., Holotype, from Yunnan F
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca melli" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melli">Andraca melli</taxonomicName>
Zolotuhin &amp; Witt, 2009 from Guangdong G
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca theae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theae">Andraca theae</taxonomicName>
Matsumura, 1909 from Hunan Province H
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andraca theae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theae">Andraca theae</taxonomicName>
Matsumura, 1909 from Hunan Province (in field).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>