601 lines
64 KiB
XML
601 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1195-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7B852D1F498258A8AC2E473512274E16" ID-ZooBank="617FBE9C72D1479D83361E9325D74B93" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1195-1" checkinTime="1710549612550" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gosik, Rafal, Caldara, Roberto, Tosevski, Ivo & Skuhrovec, Jiri" docDate="2024" docId="E02A0F49E3BF5B3981BF76E37975D59F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1195: 1-94" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1195" docPubDate="2024-03-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328" docTitle="Rhinusa collina" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="7B852D1F498258A8AC2E473512274E16" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7B852D1F498258A8AC2E473512274E16" masterDocTitle="Description of immature stages of Rhinusa species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Mecinini) with a focus on diagnostic morphological characters at the species and genus levels" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1710549612550" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods id="2CDCB96A80DCC69EEE65D044F29DEDED" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3C8E9DAAAC916B5A077D00980AF06B6A">
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<mods:title id="4BB6A19576BAD2F70330CC1FAAF0D0B9">Description of immature stages of Rhinusa species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Mecinini) with a focus on diagnostic morphological characters at the species and genus levels</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="28278818556E09729BAA9D454865F258" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9A23DFEB7A503DE9676EF6EC5C66E65A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E23BFE9BF9224E54C27600AF7803BB3C">Gosik, Rafal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="188FCEA30BD6B5C6C3F389F58796E4C5" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2083-4905</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="C3169D43FF6BB9812BEF2FC760063B21">Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20 - 033 Lublin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C8A54A539A5A80E1284FFDDC926A2D2A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="003DCA5B6D22796DB67B093D698DC4B9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AC900FB6A2FE1D1FCF16A704E017634C">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="56C3DF590EBDE3DA3C17B85BDDAA8342" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9932-7078</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="DDC0FEEE8ABDCBC7947C98191B0298DF">Via Lorenteggio 37, 20146 Milan, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1EB0E348DF7804041FE59B17279A96C0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="708A36D87F06A4BBF5199F5911F04A83">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C887D8C9A6ECF3702EA39B8B4D746EAB">Tosevski, Ivo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="305FC0F71E3ECEA1AD5A9CF2E8F61EE0" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3666-3151</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="BCDDF624E57FEF891B44FC0988DE9AB0">CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delemont, Switzerland & Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, 11080 Zemun, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B6D4A5920A052B51A298D7EC92007E83" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="06A66884005CD1EDF199FE556B2A9E4C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D568CA56D3F7B2C3A086B8419C57F55B">Skuhrovec, Jiri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B7BCF1C0208C79E9DE566679D47C54C3" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7691-5990</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="A12E57D3E441C86749F5D86BB3D186DF">Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Prague 6 - Ruzyne, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="00BA27A78780513E3B0D928F836DF622" type="email">jirislavskuhrovec@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="E59CCCB9B8603AB2DADB7F5BF906AF25">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="979CA2BBB25212CC9F37C1C076EF9F95">
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<mods:date id="FDC188DFAD23F368848AB1A42AEDA40B">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9F0BABC4BBF99C475CF5488F38B26677">2024-03-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="3D05255D6535A07DEFDB9B83DE5417C7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0B56A664CDBDC2D3FF29B618996F51C4">1195</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5574F089C9D4ADF7312EF8C660FF1F50">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="0E0EBA7BCE15D3A2809BB46F35F2BD51">94</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="BC5F8A99C37C577A9A809188B8404E91">
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<mods:url id="D3225962BF2AACDE401EF41D83425B82">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="6CE7BD8A5B45F0CF454AE70527B7F9BC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="674243198A7A304F7BB9CADF46D33846" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="52E70E15A5A4702F23625B5F159963FF" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1195-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CB148F2738684906E77E7021174C466C" type="ZooBank">617FBE9C72D1479D83361E9325D74B93</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="E02A0F49E3BF5B3981BF76E37975D59F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E02A0F49E3BF5B3981BF76E37975D59F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E02A0F49E3BF5B3981BF76E37975D59F" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="F431DE9DE738B5ED624988AA6EC724A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="10DDA8B01C4A0DD8C71DF129C3F311BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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9)
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<taxonomicName id="83008E29839C0DD9AB8B3EF6192F1C7F" ID-CoL="8JDB7" LSID="E02A0F49-E3BF-5B39-81BF-76E37975D59F" authority="(Gyllenhal, 1813)" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1813" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa collina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collina">Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A6CB248C6AE4158B8E24A54147306AA0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="EF447904B3A700EB60BF32C43149D167" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB6AC6C651FAF1155E8510BCC4CD3067" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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8 mature larvae;
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<materialsCitation id="DD65E83FD8B25499459830E1E3B82BBE" collectingDate="2017-07-05" country="Serbia" determinerName="I. Tosevski." location="Knjazevac" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Knjazevac">
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<specimenCount id="3C04598B68FAC84B9A2118B71865EE27" count="3" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount id="20E5A771AF8A0EE7C1F62B66012783AF" count="3" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
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pupae.
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<collectingCountry id="FC9A58D4F2BA94771F07F43099626715" name="Serbia">Serbia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="59C8F6F6A1A0B67CBE38072562700708" originalValue="Knjaževac">
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<collectingRegion id="B23DFAA72771691C9DC9A81C6488ADD0" country="Serbia" name="Knjazevac">Knjazevac</collectingRegion>
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</normalizedToken>
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, ex
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<taxonomicName id="485C1144D0144200354C6BBDE716E16B" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Linaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Linaria vulgaris" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
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<emphasis id="173D99CF6006287216BC50DF94069242" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Linaria vulgaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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inside
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<taxonomicName id="309E8CF110442B5636CB26D80D3A1A5B" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="R. linariae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="linariae">
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<emphasis id="6182B99117CCBC6DF2D74908AB62B32D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. linariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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galls,
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<collectingDate id="23CCF583F77CB8F676DFA27494DD0FC4" value="2017-07-05">05.07.2017</collectingDate>
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, leg., det.
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<determinerName id="36966BB11AEAE49420333F3F84DEE420">
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I.
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<normalizedToken id="28260101B09D1259C4898B74F9EC693A" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
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.
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</determinerName>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="4D04B42B271A8A7F6829682E52D26CA5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="ACEDBC2354F1F9F9A35AB393133EFB23" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of mature larva</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AAF24D2063090C93178C6F9612320716" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="ED54541476ACBC115403142AFF08D3FC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(Figs
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<figureCitation id="05AD47C73F27F38806BA61DACF641395" captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001269" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">41A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="53F1DC59462AEBBBB61A28D24ADB8D8C" captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001270" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42A-E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="F1DFA9FDA0AE99554BACE1C667B67305" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001271" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">43A-C</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="1B562D403D50589C8FCC52245A4961D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Measurements</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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(in mm). Body length: 2.60-3.00 (avg. 2.75). The widest place in the body (meso- and metathorax) measures up to 0.90. Head width: 0.55-0.65 (avg. 0.60).
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</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="0CB5A615F83B4137F34E088FDC2420F3" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001269" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 41" startId="F41">
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||
<paragraph id="F9113F7800421482FB8C71441FB71141" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="BE40A0043B21249E91C214C79BA287F2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 41.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B1437E04413E6A9D7F1AFF4B1005678E" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1813" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa collina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collina">
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<emphasis id="B43B685F643E113CA850C2E7E466B118" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa collina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva
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<emphasis id="F1E71084AE2D0D7E15135A7C4D3AA913" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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habitus
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<emphasis id="24AFD9BD53E0306608CC29601B327E42" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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head, frontal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="A75AAB6A76324EB5CF252E8D99336317" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001270" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 42" startId="F42">
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||
<paragraph id="9F456291EA4CA6F2E72855030C8E8C24" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||
<emphasis id="5445E753531B668AA56CBF5D0B915DBE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 42.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="3F0DCDFD61117CB9AE8BA5DFF2404A26" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1813" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa collina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collina">
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<emphasis id="FAF9494FC643F3E4C775A97F98CCB945" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa collina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, head and mouth parts
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<emphasis id="46D1E1922146E5C0DECB9F18B82057E3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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||
head
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||
<emphasis id="1DC02F6A2C8F0B0FC24E92E2764EF798" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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antenna
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<emphasis id="88E176273859008236B8BF8CB08AED8C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side)
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<emphasis id="3D7A9AB0484561F8EBB5245C3A8BDBBD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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left mandible
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<emphasis id="34D1245E23F46161E9E3B90CC83C1D12" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae:
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<emphasis id="FDEB586CE23B3430B048BA62DDF29161" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">als</emphasis>
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-anterolateral,
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||
<emphasis id="5941C5550BD096C90B2F604947A32C9B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ams</emphasis>
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||
-anteromedial,
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||
<emphasis id="50AF8A718056E7A9627E7CF0C6AF02BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">cls</emphasis>
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||
-clypeal,
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||
<emphasis id="2F53205DFBEE2E1242AA40954CFE40AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des</emphasis>
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||
-dorsal epicranial,
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||
<emphasis id="D61AA708F6C33A6A50CA61F66B7BC006" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">dms</emphasis>
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||
-dorsal malar,
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||
<emphasis id="EB2DC66F9B2DF0AAAF8F378D913FAAB7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs</emphasis>
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||
-frontal epicranial,
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||
<emphasis id="4B85FF62BA63B7861802E22157EFF0CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">les</emphasis>
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||
-lateral epicranial,
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||
<emphasis id="F751E1DAFAD9F9218E5D853F611A29BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ligs</emphasis>
|
||
-ligular,
|
||
<emphasis id="6AF5FEC2F6B99C80A862AEA8379BD835" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lrs</emphasis>
|
||
-labral,
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||
<emphasis id="F7CE9333A42A6114CFFE79D73F51EE27" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mbs</emphasis>
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||
-malar basiventral,
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||
<emphasis id="390BDB7D2C3F1003CA1EB117FCBADCA6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mds</emphasis>
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||
-mandibular dorsal,
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||
<emphasis id="323AB49548C089050F0629D4E52871B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mes</emphasis>
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||
-medial,
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||
<emphasis id="FE58B2AF5C3BCB0D2E8DDE2877B1443C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mpxs</emphasis>
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-maxillary palp,
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<emphasis id="378F1C1ABB023B0D9008D1BD9616749D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pes</emphasis>
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-postepicranial,
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<emphasis id="68F247B806FE95795ADFA497F43016CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pfs</emphasis>
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-palpiferal,
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<emphasis id="ECCDB6981385297B39F6D256FBAAB0BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms</emphasis>
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-postmental,
|
||
<emphasis id="936FE086819F36E6F97400FEB113D693" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prms</emphasis>
|
||
-premental,
|
||
<emphasis id="4F7B13AE28598A53B39F6E63FE9B13FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stps</emphasis>
|
||
-stipital,
|
||
<emphasis id="EE27F7946822BD0E5EBB7FB747EF008B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ves</emphasis>
|
||
-ventral,
|
||
<emphasis id="92F53C03BB4BD0AD133BB2E8521992E4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">vms</emphasis>
|
||
-ventral malar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7393EADB0426C502CD0F32EBA646E422" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001271" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 43" startId="F43">
|
||
<paragraph id="47D0BCB7311C38794EAAB5BC5957855C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="726D9DAF27C250944FCBF99212D7ABFB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 43.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41924F765174503118DE6530639D0EE3" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1813" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa collina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collina">
|
||
<emphasis id="DCA183E27BDA7D51CE207FC5B6EDB675" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa collina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="2F9D3DFD130E4DCB32A13E347CAAD32B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of thoracic segments
|
||
<emphasis id="B26A22D32F9F3FDCC29C7F953ADA0721" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of abdominal segment I
|
||
<emphasis id="3C3D1489C023E19E695E47CE56B1F946" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1-3-number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1-10-number of abdominal seg, setae:
|
||
<emphasis id="5A04A527A7BE505E147DB71533C46344" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">as</emphasis>
|
||
-alar,
|
||
<emphasis id="F66F61AEE440D04F47E9767529E6AA7A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ds</emphasis>
|
||
-dorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="6FC461C9E5727D04F6043AC5A920CE41" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eps</emphasis>
|
||
-epipleural,
|
||
<emphasis id="AED2CDAE251EA03DFC715B65E1E16D7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eus</emphasis>
|
||
-eusternal,
|
||
<emphasis id="19732E7E12B3F8942B8C04400901E550" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
-laterosternal,
|
||
<emphasis id="6C31D5AD18B00C05C3CC46B5F65640CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pda</emphasis>
|
||
-pedal,
|
||
<emphasis id="9FDEE84E5D4F7C5AC184516E2BECF01B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pds</emphasis>
|
||
-postdorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="014BA35AE2FD35EE24BB633E4B2C0369" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prns</emphasis>
|
||
-pronotal,
|
||
<emphasis id="8A663E2CD8A63B62A01FA18E9C6EF476" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prs</emphasis>
|
||
-prodorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="5D6768E53CEFC32BBF3ED70294D6DFCB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ss</emphasis>
|
||
-spiracular,
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE0C46C72C85612A1914340356C6CBF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
|
||
-pleural,
|
||
<emphasis id="74C6DA300910A013DD00111EB5D589F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sts</emphasis>
|
||
-sternal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4DD209F8C216AF32F7E6BC952C1E91DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="5DDD9C49DB466E312FD0AE39CA756198" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="26F8A84BB04E4349EF659622DACA69F0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">General</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body elongate, slender, distinctly curved, rounded in cross section (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8073C4241876DD396B3B9C78D7B8C987" captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001269" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">41A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prothorax prominent, pronotal shield not pigmented. Meso- and metathorax equal in size, smaller than prothorax; each divided dorsally into two folds (prodorsal fold distinctly smaller than postdorsal fold). Pedal folds of thoracic segments isolated, conical, prominent. Abdominal segments I-VI of similar size, next segments tapering towards posterior body end. Abdominal segments I-VII each divided dorsally into two various in size folds; postdorsal folds much higher than prodorsal folds. Segments VIII and IX dorsally undivided. Epipleural folds of segments I-VII conical. Laterosternal and eusternal folds of segments I-VIII conical, weakly isolated. Abdominal segment X divided into four folds of equal size. Anus situated ventrally, almost completely hidden in previous segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A2387314810636A5A915218E1260C89" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Thoracic and all abdominal spiracles unicameral; thoracic spiracles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F380BDA093266FE5A62967FB527D4518" captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001269" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">41A</figureCitation>
|
||
) placed ventrolaterally; abdominal spiracles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9A71CD4729D7746234B598616F78CDA9" captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001269" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">41A</figureCitation>
|
||
) placed anteromedially on segments I-VIII.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66F133C7CA0A6DB4B19CD8DAF3D12CD2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="11CE36456D5F13474808E0BCD165404B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="3635D35B2D8D028CD17D4BA18F7F0B2D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colouration</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dark yellow to light brown head, medial parts of epicranium less sclerotised (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A6D2C804F48CC06EE46A23E58D76419D" captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001269" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">41B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Frons and ventrolateral parts of the head covered with knobby asperities. All thoracic and abdominal segments whitish. Cuticle covered with fine asperities (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="80A5009E1148CD43847E6D5FE1C8F27E" captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001269" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">41A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DEEE1F5074B571C4F3A95CB9AE507DD8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="64B9D9662E725E09480E4427895B5CFE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="09F2CD7ABB71AD8BF863E2630AA11FBD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vestiture</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Setae on body thin, yellowish, different in length (minute to medium).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB171C71DC3D65B58565AD24A27867FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="63E07FAEF3D20E7BC47BE48BA0BE9BBC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head capsule</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="9A18E90DF1105245F423928B5AF9C7B5" captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001269" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">41B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="CD4BB99E106B7A8702F490B8017CAD47" captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001270" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head suboval, endocarinal line present, reaching to 3/4 length of frons. Frontal sutures on head distinct, very wide. Two pairs of stemmata various in size in the form of small black spots (st); first medium size located close to end of frontal suture, second small placed mediolaterally.
|
||
<emphasis id="30D9A88DC3B153827A71B6A4D1ABB065" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Des1</emphasis>
|
||
long, located in middle part of epicranium; long
|
||
<emphasis id="725C1572EDEBB6EA88F4C8BE1CEE764A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des2</emphasis>
|
||
; long
|
||
<emphasis id="8611A39B1E208FF9CC95CE3EDFEDDD72" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des3</emphasis>
|
||
located anteriorly on epicranium close to the border with the frontal suture;
|
||
<emphasis id="A118026D44B68D895DE9508DC3B98199" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des4</emphasis>
|
||
very short; and
|
||
<emphasis id="6E848E814DB31C56789CE822200AF51F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des5</emphasis>
|
||
elongated, located anterolaterally above stemma (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C4A0134E028D56D54362912550AFB2" captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001270" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="AA499B91CD33263934C3D1C0A4A4F0A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fs1</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="7187E15DB850BC7C7317206EE2E5993B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs2</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="AD988A13B5C565B5B4695C7A838B5219" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs3</emphasis>
|
||
minute, located medially;
|
||
<emphasis id="7E3D74EBE574B9E9E4B9C3ADDEF62435" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs4</emphasis>
|
||
long, located anteriorly; and long
|
||
<emphasis id="7AEB8DFA935D1F29CF8CC3E807490D33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs5</emphasis>
|
||
located anterolaterally, close to antenna (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E295A7A069D97BB8A618BEA5615FC43" captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001270" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="8B77C957618E9684C9DC7E2F9C631367" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Les1</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="8D71FE9B7B476F94FEEED383F5E4FF26" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">les2</emphasis>
|
||
medium; and two minute
|
||
<emphasis id="02F55094B5E014E7C665FF51CF50B4DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ves</emphasis>
|
||
. Epicranial area with two
|
||
<emphasis id="3374F5B01824F1D34AB2F3CFE743EE51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pes</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ABC2F2775C94E1B1B4C73884F01C4703" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="55F7AF2C3AFA70AFAE5DE1D600AEF6A6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
placed distally of the frontal suture, on the inside; membranous and distinctly convex basal article bearing one conical elongate sensorium, plus three sensilla basiconica and single ampullacea (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="281CBA18D074283132F6AC9395DBDF58" captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001270" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86F7774F196D4113AF05B22B535843CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="D23473DEB0E8C41D6BE545AF997CF0EA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Clypeus</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F693A50F91064B818193DCD0643E55C" captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001270" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42C</figureCitation>
|
||
) trapezoidal, ~ 2.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9409A163EA281FA3647CD7F1DE50D1C9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as long with two
|
||
<emphasis id="8E0C19F50FE4894EB3B548FB00A1D998" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">cls</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="3E3079FE43B6A36F8F3C5D4FC4157276" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">cls1</emphasis>
|
||
relatively long,
|
||
<emphasis id="650624CC11AEC49CBD9D18E33DE5D9DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">cls2</emphasis>
|
||
medium, both localised posterolaterally, with one sensillum between them; basal part distinctly more sclerotised than the apical part; anterior border slightly curved towards the inside.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="009931C7E959586B27FC42A47E693F35" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="23042252B82316B427724E9DDC30AA17" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="C971C4B5AABD2202046C6F1E20EB5565" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mouth parts</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Labrum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="79CB57E11BEFE669FA0F48B8842E0743" captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001270" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42C</figureCitation>
|
||
) ~ 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9A14704B9EE24320E16C9718965CE737" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as long, with three piliform
|
||
<emphasis id="733333156B78EF0EF1716B41EF456051" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lrs</emphasis>
|
||
, various length;
|
||
<emphasis id="E68EC4B062DF93252592064364B52AF4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lrs1</emphasis>
|
||
elongated, located posteromedially,
|
||
<emphasis id="3DD613DBE16F0D27464DEBA16D2449A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lrs2</emphasis>
|
||
elongated, located medially, and
|
||
<emphasis id="F1F810B6C3B749757DD0D74A1AC201AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lrs3</emphasis>
|
||
short, located anterolaterally; anterior border bi-sinuate. Epipharynx (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D064E7465E467BC5F1351F408B6D0575" captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001270" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with two elongated finger-like
|
||
<emphasis id="DA9D39506E8154F7F2576356D128D0C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">als</emphasis>
|
||
, almost identical in length; two piliform
|
||
<emphasis id="1B719BC917C7853F1E01906BCFA59E49" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ams</emphasis>
|
||
equally in length; and single finger-like
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ABF4AC5E4910B30F058EF2ECF47D15" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mes</emphasis>
|
||
; labral rods (lr) distinct, close to kidney shape. Mandibles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F95A5E36943ADEB723EA41246A96D281" captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001270" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42D</figureCitation>
|
||
) bifid, cutting edge with a single, blunt protuberance; two medium piliform and single minute
|
||
<emphasis id="DA0204F75951D6D21233092CDB8AE318" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mds</emphasis>
|
||
, all located close to lateral border. Maxillolabial complex: maxilla dark sclerotised (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9610E2D1FB2CFE0A768EC0B7319D3AF" captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001270" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42E</figureCitation>
|
||
), stipes with one
|
||
<emphasis id="4D8EF451A4BA90BA25788A2BD76AF1D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stps</emphasis>
|
||
, two
|
||
<emphasis id="829AEFD66F4F23B21D1192CABA24F92F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
and one
|
||
<emphasis id="E505F282309EC89385FA0BB6B8B67968" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mbs</emphasis>
|
||
and one sensillum,
|
||
<emphasis id="7BAA73D7D775E2F81AA1C306ECFE76DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stps</emphasis>
|
||
and both
|
||
<emphasis id="9FEECD77419F5D27A95884CA2664DE17" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pfs1-2</emphasis>
|
||
relatively long; mala with five finger-like
|
||
<emphasis id="645E2E8CB9F119CB23033AD7FAB168DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">dms</emphasis>
|
||
variable in length (divided into two groups); four piliform
|
||
<emphasis id="C3023D7CDCEB3931AC22F133BD28212C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">vms</emphasis>
|
||
, medium to short in length. Maxillary palpi two-segmented; basal palpomere distinctly wider than distal one; length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres almost 1:1; basal palpomere with short
|
||
<emphasis id="EE12578F111B28ECDA7FD5C0F1ADC5AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mpxs</emphasis>
|
||
and two sensilla, distal palpomere with a group of three or four apical sensilla in terminal receptive area. Prementum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="16DAFE437BB2AF0396EFAE27010CF059" captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001270" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42E</figureCitation>
|
||
) oval-shaped, with one long
|
||
<emphasis id="DFEE6A783CE56402CFECEB2DCA9A073C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prms</emphasis>
|
||
; ligula with slightly sinuate margin and two short
|
||
<emphasis id="78FF6DA9CB14599D46F974E52EC7ACD1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ligs</emphasis>
|
||
; premental sclerite broad, sclerotised, U-shaped. Labial palpi one-segmented; palpi with a single pore, and a group of two or three apical sensilla (ampullacea) on terminal receptive area; surface of labium smooth. Postmentum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13F9C1E676DFFDBD48068775D5669C28" captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001270" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42E</figureCitation>
|
||
) with three
|
||
<emphasis id="FC39A9407D7FA41F075D7C5941BA9AF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms</emphasis>
|
||
, elongated
|
||
<emphasis id="19FA45CF923382E0B7C6285DBD84722D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms1</emphasis>
|
||
located posteromedially, elongated
|
||
<emphasis id="1549639E728058A327E08AC0C3AFABBE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms2</emphasis>
|
||
located laterally, and medium
|
||
<emphasis id="9D33860AEC916528DAE3E6265A5A2AB0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms3</emphasis>
|
||
located anterolaterally; lateral parts of membranous area covered with distinct knobby asperities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="90E5EA6FBA0DD77B1E53005D3B4190A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9F1DA2BB511571E93513217C0EBCA6E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="500F164E3841D7CEFF85241D4DFE0B59" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Prothorax (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FE55F94EE0879C8FEE793904BB0F550" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001271" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">43A</figureCitation>
|
||
) with five medium
|
||
<emphasis id="07C31D5DEE88D2A55CCC3B52EB3AA9F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prns</emphasis>
|
||
: three placed apically, next two above stigma; two medium
|
||
<emphasis id="5E60EED9CECF9D43700C0C9F8DA80764" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and single short
|
||
<emphasis id="80F681A22F46794AD320356914986104" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesothorax (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B759615B6A85153A36810F1965989BF8" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001271" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">43A</figureCitation>
|
||
) with one minute
|
||
<emphasis id="15E3942F40ECD81ED8C9F4A51949B3E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prs</emphasis>
|
||
, two short and one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="7649C030C0BCE24965352B3AA68053DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pds</emphasis>
|
||
(ordered: short, medium, short); one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="69BA4603358306C396A67CDE58F75D21" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">as</emphasis>
|
||
; three
|
||
<emphasis id="27DE354A9D20313D0238E0C50A4CEBC0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ss</emphasis>
|
||
(two medium and one minute); one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="97943FBAFBAE86B8DA059146E36DA739" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; two medium
|
||
<emphasis id="8F7ED7E2EB13713D4DBB3BA863A9F3C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and single minute
|
||
<emphasis id="55C578F5EE19B14B6C0C8A2F89F1E716" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Chaetotaxy of metathorax (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="37A0AD2C623481D40D2525274420B92F" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001271" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">43A</figureCitation>
|
||
) almost identical to that of mesothorax. Each pedal area of thoracic segments with three medium and two minute
|
||
<emphasis id="CA7FC8936665D5FB5BB96BD73749C931" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pda</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="09F9764AB0E5B9E1073E928C8B553312" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EC826A21880EA380778873AA383624E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C7F248489C2C86A1E6CFA5494890374" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Segments I-VIII (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CC4991E3B76EB87F34B2DE1B86834E8" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001271" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">43B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with one minute
|
||
<emphasis id="A0390CC43905B051B606B8E8F740DD46" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prs</emphasis>
|
||
(segment VIII without); two minute and one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="2657046EC4B4550BB88341BE3B9F9C37" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pds</emphasis>
|
||
; one minute and one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="DEED3359A6E55FF14FB84DD51029E0B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="911258A53ABE49749C12AA05938F4DE2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; one short
|
||
<emphasis id="F49A48FAEBEBA59F8DFE9A88C733BE65" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; one minute
|
||
<emphasis id="1480D48BE45D524D986EF60BBBEEE34C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and two minute
|
||
<emphasis id="91C8320DDC33820808B18B9547D6B333" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment IX (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B7BF5767593BD5B5E808B72CBF029B8D" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001271" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">43C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with two minute
|
||
<emphasis id="D3B031382EA7197CA0ADD576A095ACA2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ds</emphasis>
|
||
; one minute
|
||
<emphasis id="AB6BFA8AB8F8A3755D5B5AB248A0C70E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and two minute
|
||
<emphasis id="3F310E2D252DC5183F7EADD97EA927C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sts</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CE66BA90DB43A7C15888CBD27D18DC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="ABA0D1C1DAC504D43032AA6C7AF19B22" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of pupa</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5FEDC0EB9F04A7C5528D6D39D436010D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="BA68F0429CA4537A7E342E2FAD037CD7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="0B80BFCA3A681F988A091FCC4C1EAA47" captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) pupa habitus A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001272" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B87CFB19F3381D75073D0E49798035C1" captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figure 45. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: a-pr-abdominal protuberances, p-pr-pronotal protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pas - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, sos - supraorbital, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001273" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">45A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="E725CFB0B629B232F59C7FCFE04906E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(in mm). Body length: 2.70-2.90 (avg. 2.75); body width: 1.75-1.80 (avg. 1.75); thorax width: 1.10-1.25 (avg. 1.15); rostrum length: up to 0.60 ♂ and 0.85 ♀.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0579115733B4BCD931D4014CC26AA352" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001272" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 44" startId="F44">
|
||
<paragraph id="06A432A440295B972D5A5760D09892DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="65999160164692AD56075C7C51B785D3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 44.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2F2294EB071390CA35D7862097B4584" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1813" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa collina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collina">
|
||
<emphasis id="A91753F2E664F843B8B207FA6B55C54B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa collina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gyllenhal, 1813) pupa habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="8846586FC22E99F269C5AE498B8503F8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="8B083AAB6EC3D6C9790D784B04288DE9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="39B714240B21AC62EFF4BAF81F9FB809" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7E4CCF1DC5AB428EBED01F0C3679F2C3" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001273" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 45" startId="F45">
|
||
<paragraph id="F569CA1CD45E6A71E857BC3F823D5A85" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD25C96D1761CA36A3144B41308DEDEF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 45.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED504EA70BC5CAD492D1999971690DF5" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1813" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa collina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collina">
|
||
<emphasis id="299785F59E9241C4648C9E2C64FC9EE0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa collina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gyllenhal, 1813) pupa habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="33400B79418FA943CB6B294442D98495" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="E59199F595554BC1DFE8C4C110085CFF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="87586F6DCA8F02D0012B4EFC4A4A157C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: a-pr-abdominal protuberances, p-pr-pronotal protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae:
|
||
<emphasis id="CB29092D68E80DDA8DFC60F194A32A9A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">as</emphasis>
|
||
-apical,
|
||
<emphasis id="B3FB6722DE08A9739DE5A0821DE62629" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">d</emphasis>
|
||
-dorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="29276AEA9BA4148C1D3311BD37C106AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ds</emphasis>
|
||
-discal,
|
||
<emphasis id="28750539A2FE2FB6D6975DB877D9E48A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fes</emphasis>
|
||
-femoral,
|
||
<emphasis id="6AD71348B4F3EF63AEC837D1A2C37A03" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">l</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="89A3ADFB59075437E382AE310FEC1119" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ls</emphasis>
|
||
-lateral,
|
||
<emphasis id="D36A54EF11121ED714AE1ED14CAEC109" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">os</emphasis>
|
||
-orbital,
|
||
<emphasis id="08CACFAF5A85FED23BA2BE648425D2FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pas</emphasis>
|
||
-postantennal,
|
||
<emphasis id="2ACFD7A991638E8379B61AED98899C16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pls</emphasis>
|
||
-posterolateral,
|
||
<emphasis id="5DC09DB6645B081FD4B1C7DCEA1B18DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sos</emphasis>
|
||
- supraorbital,
|
||
<emphasis id="A47006424CB942368CB96DF57EE91CE9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">v</emphasis>
|
||
-ventral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E16F076C68072C60B4C7CD6E9DFDF733" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CB5ECA82494B6F21BE2DCF2F7B30243" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="85A263C46D43CACD6287147B2450B56F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Body</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Integument white, with some parts dark sclerotised; moderately stout, curved. Head with small head protuberances (h-pr) above eyes. Rostrum elongated, on both sexes almost 4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4AA9C7F05E5FA20CAAAC02BE3F5B29BF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide, distinctly protruding to mesocoxae. Pronotum trapezoidal 2.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7B07CBE1673F395829CA02ACEAB72123" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as long. Pronotal protuberances (p-pr) indistinct, flattened, sclerotised, separated at bases. Meso- and metanotum similar in size. Abdominal segments I-VI almost identical in size; segment VII semicircular; segment VIII narrow; segment IX reduced. Abdominal segment VIII dorsally with rounded, prominent, sclerotised abdominal protuberance (a-pr). Urogomphi (ur) medium, ending with sclerotised, sharp apexes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0A641F4C6454B8CA4D0B1F44991472A8" captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) pupa habitus A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001272" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A7308AB54809524200E4A429335F7A9F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D184CFCF5BAEA8E021904620AB2741" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="F778556028187C57237853AB3961CAC8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Well developed, setae medium to elongated, transparent. Head with one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="DFE11AECC32A9CED28B2CC6FDBE557E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">os</emphasis>
|
||
and one elongated
|
||
<emphasis id="FA29BE0346E0B7D9A8703085F44B45DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sos</emphasis>
|
||
. Rostrum with a single
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE70FAA526B6003AB7823012493F954" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pas</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D46E18A838F363A6250E45DAF0665967" captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figure 45. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: a-pr-abdominal protuberances, p-pr-pronotal protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pas - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, sos - supraorbital, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001273" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">45A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum with three
|
||
<emphasis id="5F4CC7D07DF7DFCA8D0B053266AD1E5F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">as</emphasis>
|
||
, one
|
||
<emphasis id="6A5D1D9BA7D8BAF0B1B90DBC0285D5B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ds</emphasis>
|
||
, two
|
||
<emphasis id="F413AB9CF0C53CE83E99DBDD64508D89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ls</emphasis>
|
||
, and two
|
||
<emphasis id="07C5BEA8795E93DD22A7157D130397CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pls</emphasis>
|
||
variable in length. Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with three setae of various length, placed medially. Apex of femora with a single long
|
||
<emphasis id="CB2BD2C2E3D7390615BCECBFACE8DB87" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fes</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="114F0019A9605198FA1A9E0ACE64B902" captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figure 45. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: a-pr-abdominal protuberances, p-pr-pronotal protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pas - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, sos - supraorbital, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001273" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">45A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdominal segments I-VI with four setae dorsally, variable in length: first and third minute, second and fourth medium, placed close to posterior margin of the segment. Abdominal segments VII and VIII with three elongated setae dorsally. Each lateral part of abdominal segments I-VII with a single short seta. Ventral parts of abdominal segments I-VIII with three medium setae. Abdominal segment IX with two short setae ventrally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C59EE8AD0F1A5AE4BC5B38267C939C01" captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figure 45. Rhinusa collina (Gyllenhal, 1813) pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: a-pr-abdominal protuberances, p-pr-pronotal protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pas - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, sos - supraorbital, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001273" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">45A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7AED4E735AF9AAB6A12E414210B5F509" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B85E1FECC328F5FA5AC783778BD7971" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks and comparative notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00A10A06E633250DB43BE55A209A37DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
This species is widely distributed in Europe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="28E05C5ED040484FF537AAACFEE34529" author="Alonso-Zarazaga, MA" journalOrPublisher="Monografias electronicas de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 780" refId="B1" refString="Alonso-Zarazaga, MA, Barrios, H, Borovec, R, Bouchard, P, Caldara, R, Colonnelli, E, Gueltekin, L, Hlavac, P, Korotyaev, B, Lyal, CHC, Machado, A, Meregalli, M, Pierotti, H, Ren, L, Sanchez-Ruiz, M, Sforzi, A, Silfverberg, H, Skuhrovec, J, Tryzna, M, Velazquez de Castro, AJ, Yunakov, NN, 2023. Cooperative Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Curculionoidea. 2nd Edn. Monografias electronicas de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 14: 1 - 780" title="Cooperative Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Curculionoidea. 2 nd Edn." volume="14" year="2023">Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In adults, the shape of the rostrum, together with the moderately elongated body, are useful characters that easily distinguish this species from the others in the group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5E9D412FE72367E66FD2873F0F168429" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="8037C181219F5A508500CE19FA94507C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biological notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="05AAD26B9381C5988B45A4FBD0FFA376" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08F26F2ADBA99D810DC55125E72C50D0" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1813" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa collina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collina">
|
||
<emphasis id="F013867C2E8F1A6DF7BCBBB877A6A005" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa collina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an inquiline weevil whose development is closely linked to root galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E885EDEB646DF95974F221758FB31CA8" lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C3086F212573491661009FD412C916A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C855F48F20D2760C9B781AF746305EF" lsidName="L. genistifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C92497E542483E1066AC87A3BA6C48" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. genistifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
caused by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1D3316FAD95CD0E6FA3F1843A3D96F2" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="R. linariae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="linariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="5EE2A50622C00E4D547875B1C292DAE5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. linariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The females oviposit eggs exclusively on well-developed galls that are not occupied by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C51C50020920DDBD032B570A70D6BE91" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="R. linariae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="linariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="37CBF56C65763906C2039715D5FE9123" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. linariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae. For this reason, the competition of these inquiline weevils with gall inducers has never been observed (IT, pers. obs.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |