274 lines
28 KiB
XML
274 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="1F44552EDE86C3FCEB981471BA1CFDC5" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.190197" ID-GBIF-Dataset="795ecc39-424a-4d62-8d45-1acf32ce8479" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="190197" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461108341095" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Harrison, James G." docDate="2009" docId="6151D1301E49FF9263A6FEA0A8ACDE33" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02225p048.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2225" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Asthenopholis rex Harrison, 2009, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="9D68A9481E42FF9E6331FFF9AD21DF7F" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the African leaf chafer genus Asthenopholis Brenske, 1898 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae): a SEM study" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698593895012" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="20088CFBB437E8C29CE183A96037223C">A taxonomic revision of the African leaf chafer genus Asthenopholis Brenske, 1898 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae): a SEM study</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B1FB802CBFA9207BC1F19B1994F3067D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7784151E35E8F96E6654892D75467A6F">Harrison, James G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="806C906161ADD3BC263D70CC903A273F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2D48520197B36F4ACB88A19F24601C56">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AAA83CD98D29B126A0D9F4E5EBA35DEE">
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<mods:date id="489AC9C4CB4C9E7114EAD6FA0C09772E">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="92AE9293028C7BB5434F5A0DD014C18E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="ED1C1B0490CDB05B90AB5B3F0FBD59AE">2225</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B52CC95C13D0A0F6B49546BC499DA02D">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="D813D2DA59E3E7F0BD2571FB2AAF90A3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BB91C7FE1C115E8B90A30986F6DDE7E8" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.190197</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B8E1B38941F4702CD08CCB0BAF7AE450" type="GBIF-Dataset">795ecc39-424a-4d62-8d45-1acf32ce8479</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="869A2BF9AC6D0AB186617B329446BFD5" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6151D1301E49FF9263A6FEA0A8ACDE33" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225807" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119623772" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6225807" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6151D1301E49FF9263A6FEA0A8ACDE33" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6151D1301E49FF9263A6FEA0A8ACDE33" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="A1E233AD1E49FF9563A6FEA0A904DEE9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E94760261E49FF9563A6FEA0ACF6DE0D" blockId="11.[151,1061,344,406]" box="[151,471,344,371]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="B20FD74A1E49FF9563A6FEA0ACF6DE0D" bold="true" box="[151,471,344,371]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9563A6FEA0ACF6DE0D" bold="true" box="[151,471,344,371]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF9563A6FEA0AC53DE0C" box="[151,370,345,371]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rex" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9563A6FEA0AC53DE0C" bold="true" box="[151,370,345,371]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Asthenopholis rex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BF014F1E49FF956248FEA1ACF6DE0D" box="[377,471,344,370]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E94760261E49FF9563A6FE85A904DEE9" blockId="11.[151,1061,344,406]" box="[151,1061,380,406]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(Figs. 2, 21, 26–27, 42–43, 59–63, 96–97, 113–115, 136–137, 153–155, 175).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A1E233AD1E49FF9563A6FE31AE5BDD28" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E94760261E49FF9563A6FE31AE5BDD28" blockId="11.[151,1437,456,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9563A6FE31AC39DE9D" bold="true" box="[151,280,456,482]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Large (about
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<quantity id="2E00CDC31E49FF9562F0FE30AF60DE9C" box="[449,577,457,483]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="24.0">24–25 mm</quantity>
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long) brown to black species; cuticular scales are straw coloured rather than white as in
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<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF956258FE09ACDFDD76" box="[361,510,496,521]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adspersa">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF956258FE09ACDFDD76" box="[361,510,496,521]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. adspersa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Scutellum smooth and lacking any punctation or setae (Fig. 96). Within
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<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF9563A6FDEEAC1FDD4F" box="[151,318,535,560]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9563A6FDEEAC1FDD4F" box="[151,318,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Asthenopholis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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this species is easily identified by its large size and distribution in northern coastal KwaZulu-
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<collectingCountry id="91EF20B61E49FF9563A6FDC4ADF8DD28" box="[151,217,573,599]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Natal</collectingCountry>
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, which together make the species unmistakable (Fig. 21).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A1E233AD1E49FF9563F7FD9AAF96DAAF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E94760261E49FF9563F7FD9AAEAFDA23" blockId="11.[151,1437,456,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9563F7FD9AACC2DD02" bold="true" box="[198,483,611,637]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Description.
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<typeStatus id="3643DE841E49FF95625BFD9AACFFDD02" box="[362,478,611,637]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Male: Length 24.0 mm, width 15.0 mm.
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9560DBFD9DA960DD02" box="[1002,1089,612,637]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Colour.</emphasis>
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Black to brown, with straw coloured cuticular scales (Fig. 2).
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF956102FD73AF55DDDC" box="[563,628,650,675]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Head</emphasis>
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(Figs. 26–27, 42–43): Head uniformly covered with pointed scales (except posterior edge), scaliferous punctures coarse, with scales directed posteriorly. Clypeus with anterior margin reflexed, dorsal section of clypeus at reflex is scaleless, corners rounded and sides almost parallel. Clypeal suture fine, distinct and medially reflexed posteriorly. Raised protuberance situated laterally near eye.
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9563A6FCDCAC2FDC41" box="[151,270,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pronotum</emphasis>
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(Figs. 27): Pronotum ratio 1.6:1. Posterior edge of prothorax with single row of fine, long setae (Fig. 27). Lateral edges with an obtuse rounded angle in the middle; anterior and posterior margins smooth, lateral margins incised by setiferous punctures (setae finer than on disc), forming an irregularly, flattened serrated edge. Disc covered by tan coloured pointed scales, directed posteriorly, and absent on median posterior section of pronotal disc.
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF956175FC39AF9CDCA6" box="[580,701,960,985]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Scutellum</emphasis>
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(Figs. 96–97): Triangular, sides equilateral, posterior apex rounded, surface smooth and without setae, punctation or prominent sculpture (at 400X) to light microscope, substrigulate under SEM.
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9562E8FBF4AF04DB59" box="[473,549,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Elytra</emphasis>
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(Figs. 113–115): Elytral striae very weak, almost absent, about two per elytron. Elytra covered with fine, white scales; uniformly dispersed except scale-less circular patches situated posterior-laterally (ranging from 3–4 per elytron). Individual scales under SEM shorter and blunter than
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<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF9566B3FBA2AC20DBE5" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adspersa">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9566B3FBA2AC20DBE5" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. adspersa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(compare Fig. 114 with 111); elytron microsculpture under SEM at
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<date id="9D4646E61E49FF956719FB78A959DBE4" box="[1064,1144,1153,1179]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2000-10">2000X</date>
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with sharper points than
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<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF9563A6FB51AC04DBBE" box="[151,293,1192,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adspersa">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9563A6FB51AC04DBBE" box="[151,293,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. adspersa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(compare Fig. 115 with 112).
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<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF9561A7FB51AE29DBBE" box="[662,776,1192,1217]" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Pygidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9561A7FB51AE29DBBE" box="[662,776,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pygidium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Figs. 136–137): Completely covered with fine, white setae; medial, vertically orientated raised area in females, flatter in males; puncture rims almost contiguous under SEM and setae longer and sharper than
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<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF9561E7FB0CAE49DA71" box="[726,872,1269,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adspersa">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9561E7FB0CAE49DA71" box="[726,872,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. adspersa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(compare Fig. 137 with 135).
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9567D6FB0CA8BDDA71" box="[1255,1436,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Male genitalia</emphasis>
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illustrated in Figs. 153–155; anterior view of parameres wider in
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<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF9560ADFAE5AEC0DA4A" box="[924,993,1308,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rex">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9560ADFAE5AEC0DA4A" box="[924,993,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. rex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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than in
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<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF956772FAE5A9EEDA4A" box="[1091,1231,1308,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adspersa">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF956772FAE5A9EEDA4A" box="[1091,1231,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. adspersa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; distal portion of parameres viewed laterally broader in
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<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF956168FABAAFBCDA23" box="[601,669,1347,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rex">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF956168FABAAFBCDA23" box="[601,669,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. rex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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than in
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<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF9561CCFABAAEA9DA23" box="[765,904,1347,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adspersa">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9561CCFABAAEA9DA23" box="[765,904,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. adspersa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E94760261E49FF9563F4FA91AF96DAAF" blockId="11.[151,1437,456,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9563F4FA91AF34DAFD" bold="true" box="[197,533,1384,1410]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Morphological variability.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF95612CFA90AF74DAFD" box="[541,597,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Size.</emphasis>
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(n = 2Ƥ): Mean length
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<quantity id="2E00CDC31E49FF956048FA90AEC9DAFC" box="[889,1000,1385,1411]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="24.5">24.5 mm</quantity>
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, (range
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<quantity id="2E00CDC31E49FF95677BFA90A9F0DAFC" box="[1098,1233,1385,1411]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="24.0">24–25 mm</quantity>
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). Mean width
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<quantity id="2E00CDC31E49FF95664EFA90ADEADAD5" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
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. Pronotum ratio 1.5:1 (n = 2Ƥ). The only known specimens are the male
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<typeStatus id="3643DE841E49FF956757FA69A9F2DAD5" box="[1126,1235,1424,1450]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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and two female
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<typeStatus id="3643DE841E49FF9563A6FA4FAC2BDAAF" box="[151,266,1462,1488]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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, which are all similar in appearance.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A1E233AD1E49FF9563F4FA24AE09D93B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="E94760261E49FF9563F4FA24AE09D93B" blockId="11.[151,1437,456,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9563F4FA24AC72DA88" bold="true" box="[197,339,1501,1527]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Together with large species of
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<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF9561FAFA24AE8DDA88" authority="Hope" authorityName="Hope" box="[715,940,1501,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macrophylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9561FAFA24AE42DA89" box="[715,867,1501,1526]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Macrophylla</emphasis>
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Hope
|
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF9560D6FA24A9CADA88" authority="Laporte" authorityName="Laporte" box="[999,1259,1501,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Sparrmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9560D6FA24A9A2DA89" box="[999,1155,1501,1526]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sparrmannia</emphasis>
|
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Laporte
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</taxonomicName>
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, this species is one of the largest South African chafers, and within
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<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF956026F9FDAEE3D962" box="[791,962,1540,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF956026F9FDAEE3D962" box="[791,962,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Asthenopholis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is one of the most spectacular species. Consequently it is named “
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<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF9562E5F9D2ACD6D93B" box="[468,503,1579,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rex">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9562E5F9D2ACD6D93B" box="[468,503,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">rex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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”, which is Latin for king.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A1E233AD1E49FF9563F4F9A9A84FD82C" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="E94760261E49FF9563F4F9A9AFDCD879" blockId="11.[151,1437,456,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9563F4F9A9AC4BD915" bold="true" box="[197,362,1616,1642]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Currently only known from two localities on the coast of KwaZulu–
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91EF20B61E49FF956783F9A8A9D5D914" box="[1202,1268,1617,1643]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Natal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, i.e. Sodwana Bay National Park and St Lucia Estuary (Fig. 21). The St Lucia record overlaps with the northern range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF9566B2F981AC20D9C7" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adspersa">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9566B2F981AC20D9C7" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. adspersa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but no
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF956250F966ACCDD9C7" box="[353,492,1695,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adspersa">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF956250F966ACCDD9C7" box="[353,492,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. adspersa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been collected north of the St Lucia wetland system. It is suspected that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF9566B2F966AD9AD9A1" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9566B2F966AD9AD9A1" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would occur northwards along the South African coastline and into
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91EF20B61E49FF9560C1F93CA9AED9A0" box="[1008,1167,1733,1759]" name="Mozambique" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, so the known records are probably from the southern most range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF956180F915AFD7D87A" box="[689,758,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF956180F915AFD7D87A" box="[689,758,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E94760261E49FF9563F4F8EBA84FD82C" blockId="11.[151,1437,456,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9563F4F8EBACE5D853" bold="true" box="[197,452,1810,1836]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
Being what appears to be a narrow range coastal dune endemic, this species would be threatened by dune mining, but is probably conserved within the Greater St Lucia World Heritage Site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A1E233AD1E49FF9563F4F8A6ACB0D8DF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E94760261E49FF9563F4F8A6ACB0D8DF" blockId="11.[151,1437,456,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9563F4F8A6AF75D806" bold="true" box="[197,596,1887,1913]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Natural history and pest status.</emphasis>
|
||
Not known to be a pest and its natural history is unknown. Phenology indicated in Fig. 175.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A1E233AD1E49FF9263F4F854A8ACDE33" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="E94760261E49FF9263F4F854A8ACDE33" blockId="11.[151,1437,456,2030]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,152,332]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9563F4F854AFCAD8B8" bold="true" box="[197,747,1965,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<typeStatus id="3643DE841E49FF9563F4F854AC25D8B8" box="[197,260,1965,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E49FF9562BAF854AF4CD8B8" box="[395,621,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rex" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF9562BAF854AF4CD8B8" bold="true" box="[395,621,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Asthenopholis rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BF014F1E49FF956144F854AFFDD8B8" box="[629,732,1965,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="3643DE841E49FF9561CDF854AE4FD8B8" box="[764,878,1965,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
3, 2Ƥ
|
||
<typeStatus id="3643DE841E49FF9560FBF854A962D8B8" box="[970,1091,1965,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
). “
|
||
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E49FF956754F854A86BD8B8" bold="true" box="[1125,1354,1965,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91EF20B61E49FF956754F854A86BD8B8" box="[1125,1354,1965,1991]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, NTL, [KwaZulu–
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91EF20B61E49FF956211F82DAC42D891" box="[288,355,2004,2030]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Natal</collectingCountry>
|
||
], Sodwana Bay Nat[ional] Park,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8CCC06E11E49FF9561D5F82DAE17D891" box="[740,822,2004,2030]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="555" value="-27.32">27.32S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8CCC06E11E49FF95600CF82DAEB5D891" box="[829,916,2004,2030]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="555" value="32.41">32.41E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="9D4646E61E49FF956091F82DA96DD891" box="[928,1100,2004,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1987-11-07" valueMax="1987-11-14" valueMin="1987-11-07">07–14.xi.1987</date>
|
||
, L. S. Evans / male genitalia point mounted /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4EFF926255FF61AF33DFCE" box="[356,530,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF926255FF61AF33DFCE" box="[356,530,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Asthenopholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. Det. A.V. Evans [19]’88 / National Coll. of Insects, Pretoria, S. Afr /
|
||
<typeStatus id="3643DE841E4EFF9263A6FF47AC2ADFA7" box="[151,267,190,216]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
3,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4EFF92620DFF46AF3DDFA7" box="[316,540,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rex" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF92620DFF46AF3DDFA7" box="[316,540,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Asthenopholis rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF926114FF47AFAADFA7" bold="true" box="[549,651,190,216]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BF014F1E4EFF926114FF47AFAADFA7" box="[549,651,190,216]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Harrison, J. du G. 2009” [specimen condition: right hand side metatarsi missing] (13
|
||
<collectionCode id="8FE9F8E31E4EFF92629CFF1CAF21DF80" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" box="[429,512,229,255]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" name="Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SANC</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF926125FF1CAF6CDF81" box="[532,589,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">idem</emphasis>
|
||
but
|
||
<typeStatus id="3643DE841E4EFF9261B3FF1CAFC9DF80" box="[642,744,229,255]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
Ƥ,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4EFF926024FF1CAEC6DF81" box="[789,999,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rex" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF926024FF1CAEC6DF81" box="[789,999,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Asthenopholis rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF9260DEFF1CA96CDF80" bold="true" box="[1007,1101,229,255]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BF014F1E4EFF9260DEFF1CA96CDF80" box="[1007,1101,229,255]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Harrison, J. du G. 2009 (1Ƥ
|
||
<collectionCode id="8FE9F8E31E4EFF9263A6FEF5ADCADE59" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" box="[151,235,268,294]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" name="Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SANC</collectionCode>
|
||
); “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91EF20B61E4EFF926238FEF5AC86DE59" box="[265,423,268,294]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, NTL, St Lucia Estuary,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8CCC06E11E4EFF9261FCFEF5AE01DE59" box="[717,800,268,294]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="555" value="-28.17">28.17S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8CCC06E11E4EFF926019FEF5AE5EDE59" box="[808,895,268,294]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="555" value="32.25">32.25E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="9D4646E61E4EFF9260BAFEF5A924DE59" box="[907,1029,268,294]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1989-02-13">13.ii.1989</date>
|
||
, R. Oberprieler / National Coll. of Insects, Pretoria, S. Afr /
|
||
<typeStatus id="3643DE841E4EFF9262F0FECBAF06DE33" box="[449,551,306,332]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
Ƥ,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4EFF926162FECBAE05DE34" box="[595,804,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rex" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF926162FECBAE05DE34" box="[595,804,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Asthenopholis rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF92601DFECBAEA8DE33" bold="true" box="[812,905,306,332]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BF014F1E4EFF92601DFECBAEA8DE33" box="[812,905,306,332]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Harrison, J. du G. 2009” (1Ƥ
|
||
<collectionCode id="8FE9F8E31E4EFF9267DBFECBA807DE33" box="[1258,1318,306,332]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SEM</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="8FE9F8E31E4EFF92661CFECBA8A1DE33" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" box="[1325,1408,306,332]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" name="Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SANC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |