treatments-xml/data/2B/3A/87/2B3A8784FFBBFFBAEAA8F9165357FD2F.xml

<document id="283A97B9BBF90C91A45B4BA91C96D5DD" ID-CLB-Dataset="119273" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.834.1899" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8357241b-f19c-4873-9cb2-ae523b668b94" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6981051" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1660147112228" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Trovó, Marcelo &amp; Echternacht, Lívia" docDate="2022" docId="2B3A8784FFBBFFBAEAA8F9165357FD2F" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-834_58-93.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 834" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.834.1899" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Eriocaulaceae Martinov 1820" docType="key" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="D703FFFCFFB0FFB5EA15FF915621FFF4" masterDocTitle="The Paepalanthoideae (Eriocaulaceae) of the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Brazil: taxonomic novelties, identification key, and illustrated list of species" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="58" pageNumber="69" updateTime="1699365320394" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="A5DD25F94840AC56BCCAF8585BA2BAD0">The Paepalanthoideae (Eriocaulaceae) of the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Brazil: taxonomic novelties, identification key, and illustrated list of species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FBEE7D1BB7CEADD28677A2E9F2BDDFE6">Trovó, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="772897099DACBB21066B1841D88B405E">Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941 - 590, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="26269DAB9FE0613EFE9C7F3BE1ECB76F">Echternacht, Lívia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A9A59A6DB372DC7E56978AF648B0CC35">Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, ICEB III, Ouro Preto, MG 35400 - 000, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BB560E4D066046A5BF8A85D5E296766A" type="email">livia.echter@ufop.edu.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="1AB0BF43CE49B9FE932912FC163B8E1A">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CC0C963597A7C05110E53783329DF4DA">2022</mods:date>
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<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBBFFBEEAA8F9165327F957" bold="true" box="[189,1286,1670,1699]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="69">
Key to the species of 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBBFFBEEBC5F91754AFF957" ID-CoL="623NZ" ID-ENA="26019" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[464,654,1670,1699]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Eriocaulaceae</taxonomicName>
from the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBBFFBEEAA8F92A5356F920" blockId="11.[189,1399,1722,2021]" box="[189,1399,1722,1749]" pageId="11" pageNumber="69">
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1. Flowers diplostemonous; petals with glands ................................... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBBFFBEE9E9F92B52A4F921" ID-CoL="8VXGL" box="[1020,1157,1722,1749]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Eriocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBBFFBEE9E9F92B52A4F921" bold="true" box="[1020,1157,1722,1749]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="69">Eriocaulon</emphasis>
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L. (not treated here)
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<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBBFFBEEAD4F94F56F1F90C" bold="true" box="[193,208,1758,1784]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="69">–</emphasis>
Flowers isostemonous; petals without glands ..................................... 2 (
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBBFFBEEE26F94F534FF90C" authority="Ruhland" authorityName="Ruhland" authorityYear="1903" box="[1075,1390,1758,1784]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Paepalanthoideae">Paepalanthoideae Ruhland</taxonomicName>
)
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2. Lateral branches subtending the scapes (paraclades) entirely covered by bracts ............................... ......................................................................................................... 3 (
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBBFFBEEE02F8D3534FF8A9" ID-CoL="8VT8K" authority="(Korn.) Sano" authorityName="Sano" baseAuthorityName="Korn." box="[1047,1390,1858,1885]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Actinocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBBFFBEEE02F8D352EDF8A8" box="[1047,1228,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="69">Actinocephalus</emphasis>
(Körn.) Sano
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)
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBBFFBEEAD4F8F756F1F874" bold="true" box="[193,208,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="69">–</emphasis>
Lateral branches subtending the scapes usually absent, when present, not covered by bracts ......... 4
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3. Rhizome present; leaves linear, 0.5−2.0 × 
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.; paraclades ca 8−35 per rosette, covered by linear bracts, 0.5−1.5 × 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBBFFBEE817F85B54B7F811" box="[514,662,1994,2021]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="69" unit="cm" value="0.075" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.05">0.05−0.1 cm</quantity>
............ 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBBFFBEE8EEF85B5337F810" authority="Trovo &amp; Echtern." authorityName="Trovo &amp; Echtern." authorityYear="2022" box="[763,1302,1994,2021]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Actinocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevifolius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBBFFBEE8EEF85B521EF811" bold="true" box="[763,1087,1994,2021]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="69">Actinocephalus brevifolius</emphasis>
Trovó &amp; Echtern.
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AD457FBFFBBFFBEEF09F85A5356F811" box="[1308,1399,1995,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="69" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Rhizome absent; leaves lanceolate, 4.0−8.5 × 
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.; paraclades ca 4−8 per rosette, covered by lanceolate bracts, 2.0−5.5 × 
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........ 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBCFFB9E910FEBA5357FEB2" ID-CoL="9TPF" authority="(Ruhland) F. N. Costa" authorityName="F. N. Costa" baseAuthorityName="Ruhland" box="[773,1398,299,326]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Actinocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phaeocephalus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9E910FEBA525DFEB2" bold="true" box="[773,1148,299,326]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Actinocephalus phaeocephalus</emphasis>
(Ruhland) F.N.Costa
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4. Petals of the pistillate flower completely free ................................................ 5 (
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBCFFB9EE91FEFC534EFE73" ID-CoL="8VSDX" authority="Mart." authorityName="Mart." box="[1156,1391,365,391]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9EE91FEFC5304FE73" box="[1156,1317,365,391]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
Mart.
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)
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9EAD4FE0056F1FE5F" bold="true" box="[193,208,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">–</emphasis>
Petals of the pistillate flowers fused at the middle ......................................................................... 28
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<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAA8FE435356FE18" box="[189,1399,466,493]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">5. Flowers trimerous ............................................................................................................................. 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9EAD4FE6456F1FDFB" bold="true" box="[193,208,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">–</emphasis>
Flowers dimerous ............................................................................................................................ 10
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6. Stem conspicuously elongated,&gt; 
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long, ramified ................ 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBCFFB9E9FAFDA75357FDA4" ID-CoL="75KQ3" authority="Ruhland" authorityName="Ruhland" box="[1007,1398,566,593]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scandens">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9E9FAFDA7532DFDA5" bold="true" box="[1007,1292,566,593]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Paepalanthus scandens</emphasis>
Ruhland
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<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9EAD4FDCB56F1FD80" bold="true" box="[193,208,602,628]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">–</emphasis>
Stem shortly elongated, &lt;
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long, not ramified ......................................................................... 7
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<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAA8FD0D5357FD41" box="[189,1398,666,694]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
7. Involucral bracts of the external series linear, green ............. 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBCFFB9E9A6FD0B5357FD41" ID-CoL="4BYH5" authority="(Schrad.) Kunth" authorityName="Kunth" baseAuthorityName="Schrad." box="[947,1398,666,693]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bifidus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9E9A6FD0B5292FD41" bold="true" box="[947,1203,666,693]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Paepalanthus bifidus</emphasis>
(Schrad.) Kunth
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBCFFB9EAD4FD2E5356FD2C" blockId="12.[189,1399,264,1987]" box="[193,1399,702,729]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAD4FD2E5356FD2C" box="[193,1399,702,729]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9EAD4FD2E56F1FD2D" bold="true" box="[193,208,703,729]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">–</emphasis>
Involucral bracts of the external series elliptical, ovate or lanceolate, hyaline or castaneous .......... 8
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<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAA8FC915357FCEE" box="[189,1398,767,794]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
8. Involucral bracts castaneous, ovate, densely ciliate .................. 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBCFFB9E9DAFD6E5357FCEE" ID-CoL="4BYX3" authority="Kunth" authorityName="Kunth" box="[975,1398,767,794]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polytrichoides">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9E9DAFD6E5304FCEE" bold="true" box="[975,1317,767,794]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Paepalanthus polytrichoides</emphasis>
Kunth
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBCFFB9EAD4FCB25356FCC9" blockId="12.[189,1399,264,1987]" box="[193,1399,803,829]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAD4FCB25356FCC9" box="[193,1399,803,829]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9EAD4FCB256F1FCC9" bold="true" box="[193,208,803,829]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">–</emphasis>
Involucral bracts hyaline, elliptical or lanceolate, mostly glabrous at the margin ........................... 9
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBCFFB9EAA8FCF55356FC1C" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBCFFB9EAA8FCF55356FC56" blockId="12.[189,1399,264,1987]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAA8FCF55356FC56" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
9. Scapes sparsely pilose to usually glabrescent; capitula campanulate, glabrous; involucral bracts elliptical; stigmatic branches bifid at the apex ........................... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBCFFB9E9C5FC165356FC56" ID-CoL="9V622" authority="Trovo" authorityName="Trovo" box="[976,1399,903,930]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campanulatus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9E9C5FC165309FC56" bold="true" box="[976,1320,903,930]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Paepalanthus campanulatus</emphasis>
Trovó
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBCFFB9EAD4FC3A5356FC1C" blockId="12.[189,1399,264,1987]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAD4FC3A5356FC1C" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9EAD4FC3A56F1FC31" bold="true" box="[193,208,939,965]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">–</emphasis>
Scapes pilose with persistent trichomes; capitula hemispherical, pilose; involucral bracts lanceolate; stigmatic branches simple ....................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBCFFB9EE26FC5C5356FC1C" ID-CoL="4BZ2X" authority="Miq." authorityName="Miq." box="[1075,1399,973,1000]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9EE26FC5C5317FC1C" bold="true" box="[1075,1334,973,1000]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Paepalanthus subtilis</emphasis>
Miq.
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBCFFB9EAA8FB9E5357FBB9" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBCFFB9EAA8FB9E5357FBDD" blockId="12.[189,1399,264,1987]" box="[189,1398,1039,1066]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAA8FB9E5357FBDD" box="[189,1398,1039,1066]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
10. Stem restricted to the rosette, &lt;
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBCFFB9E874FB9E5488FBDE" box="[609,681,1039,1066]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
long ....................................................................................11
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBCFFB9EAD4FBA25357FBB9" blockId="12.[189,1399,264,1987]" box="[193,1398,1074,1101]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAD4FBA25357FBB9" box="[193,1398,1074,1101]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9EAD4FBA256F1FBB9" bold="true" box="[193,208,1075,1101]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">–</emphasis>
Stem conspicuously elongated,&gt; 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBCFFB9E863FBA2549FFBB9" box="[630,702,1075,1101]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
long ................................................................................ 18
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBCFFB9EAA8FBE55357FB45" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBCFFB9EAA8FBE55357FB7A" blockId="12.[189,1399,264,1987]" box="[189,1398,1140,1167]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAA8FBE55357FB7A" box="[189,1398,1140,1167]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">11. Capitula spherical, rarely hemispherical; receptacle hemispherical ............................................... 12</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBCFFB9EAD4FB065357FB45" blockId="12.[189,1399,264,1987]" box="[193,1398,1175,1202]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAD4FB065357FB45" box="[193,1398,1175,1202]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9EAD4FB0656F1FB45" bold="true" box="[193,208,1175,1201]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">–</emphasis>
Capitula discoid, rarely hemispherical; receptacle flat ................................................................... 14
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBCFFB9EAA8FB485357FAE2" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBCFFB9EAA8FB485356FB07" blockId="12.[189,1399,264,1987]" box="[189,1399,1240,1267]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAA8FB485356FB07" box="[189,1399,1240,1267]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
12. Amphibious; leaves patent; scapes with long, loose trichomes ....... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBCFFB9E9E9FB495356FB07" authority="Trovo" authorityName="Trovo" box="[1020,1399,1240,1267]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amphibius">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9E9E9FB495309FB07" bold="true" box="[1020,1320,1240,1267]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Paepalanthus amphibius</emphasis>
Trovó
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBCFFB9EAD4FB6D5357FAE2" blockId="12.[189,1399,264,1987]" box="[193,1398,1276,1302]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAD4FB6D5357FAE2" box="[193,1398,1276,1302]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9EAD4FB6D56F1FAE2" bold="true" box="[193,208,1276,1302]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">–</emphasis>
Terrestrial; leaves recurved; scapes glabrous or with hirsute or adpressed trichomes ................... 13
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBCFFB9EAA8FAAC5357FA35" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBCFFB9EAA8FAAC5356FA8F" blockId="12.[189,1399,264,1987]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAA8FAAC5356FA8F" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
13. Spathes &lt;
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBCFFB9EB79FAAC5788FAAC" box="[364,425,1341,1368]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
long, dark brown; scapes 35–160, &lt;
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBCFFB9E966FAAC559EFAAC" box="[883,959,1341,1368]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
long, glabrous or rarely covered by adpressed trichomes; capitula ca 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBCFFB9E87BFAF05493FA8F" box="[622,690,1377,1403]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
diam. ................................. 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBCFFB9E9EFFAF15356FA8F" ID-CoL="4BYMN" authority="Trovo" authorityName="Trovo" box="[1018,1399,1376,1403]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echinoides">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9E9EFFAF15308FA8F" bold="true" box="[1018,1321,1376,1403]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Paepalanthus echinoides</emphasis>
Trovó
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBCFFB9EAD4FA155357FA35" blockId="12.[189,1399,264,1987]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAD4FA155357FA35" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9EAD4FA1556F1FA6A" bold="true" box="[193,208,1412,1438]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">–</emphasis>
Spathes&gt; 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBCFFB9EB71FA155795FA6A" box="[356,436,1412,1438]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
long, green; scapes 1–5,&gt; 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBCFFB9E8E7FA15551AFA6A" box="[754,827,1412,1438]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
long, with hirsute trichomes; capitula ca 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBCFFB9EF08FA125356FA6A" box="[1309,1399,1411,1438]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
diam. ................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBCFFB9E987FA375357FA35" ID-CoL="4BZ23" authority="Ruhland" authorityName="Ruhland" box="[914,1398,1446,1473]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sphaerocephalus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9E987FA37532DFA35" bold="true" box="[914,1292,1446,1473]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Paepalanthus sphaerocephalus</emphasis>
Ruhland
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBCFFB9EAA8FA795357F999" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBCFFB9EAA8FA795356F9D2" blockId="12.[189,1399,264,1987]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAA8FA795356F9D2" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
14. Leaf sheath castaneous; involucral bracts of the external series golden to pale straw-colored, twice the length of the floral disc ................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBCFFB9EE31F99A5356F9D2" ID-CoL="8WZL7" authority="Trovo" authorityName="Trovo" box="[1060,1399,1547,1574]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cassiae">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9EE31F99A5309F9D1" bold="true" box="[1060,1320,1547,1574]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Paepalanthus cassiae</emphasis>
Trovó
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBCFFB9EAD4F9BE5357F999" blockId="12.[189,1399,264,1987]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAD4F9BE5357F999" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9EAD4F9BE56F1F9BD" bold="true" box="[193,208,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">–</emphasis>
Leaf sheath pale straw-colored or yellowish to golden; involucral bracts of the external series golden, varying from grayish to blackish, slightly or 1× surpassing the floral disc .................................... 15
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBCFFB9EAA8F9025357F8CE" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBCFFB9EAA8F9025356F900" blockId="12.[189,1399,264,1987]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAA8F9025356F900" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
15. Leaf sheath yellowish to golden; involucral bracts of the external series linear, greyish to dark castaneous with a central whitish stripe, 1× surpassing the floral disc ............................................... .............................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBCFFB9E93BF9485356F900" ID-CoL="8WZLQ" authority="(Moldenke) Trovo" authorityName="Trovo" baseAuthorityName="Moldenke" box="[814,1399,1753,1780]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longibracteatus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9E93BF94852B6F900" bold="true" box="[814,1175,1753,1780]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Paepalanthus longibracteatus</emphasis>
(Moldenke) Trovó
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBCFFB9EAD4F96C5357F8CE" blockId="12.[189,1399,264,1987]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAD4F96C5357F8CE" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9EAD4F96C56F1F8E3" bold="true" box="[193,208,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">–</emphasis>
Leaf sheath pale straw-colored; involucral bracts of the external series lanceolate to oblong, light castaneous to blackish without a central whitish stripe, slightly surpassing the floral disc ........... 16
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBCFFB9EAA8F8F05357F836" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBCFFB9EAA8F8F05356F86B" blockId="12.[189,1399,264,1987]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAA8F8F05356F86B" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
16. Gracile herbs; leaves &lt;
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBCFFB9E815F8F35465F888" box="[512,580,1890,1916]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide; capitula &lt;
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBCFFB9E91EF8F35563F888" box="[779,834,1890,1916]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
diam., discoid to hemispherical ........................ ............................................................................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBCFFB9EE1FF8155356F86B" ID-CoL="8WZLT" authority="Trovo" authorityName="Trovo" box="[1034,1399,1924,1951]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="modestus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9EE1FF8155309F86B" bold="true" box="[1034,1320,1924,1951]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">Paepalanthus modestus</emphasis>
Trovó
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBCFFB9EAD4F8395357F836" blockId="12.[189,1399,264,1987]" box="[193,1398,1960,1987]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBCFFB9EAD4F8395357F836" box="[193,1398,1960,1987]" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBCFFB9EAD4F83956F1F836" bold="true" box="[193,208,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="70">–</emphasis>
Robust herbs; leaves&gt; 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBCFFB9EBE9F839546DF836" box="[508,588,1960,1987]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
wide; capitula&gt; 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBCFFB9E90DF8395549F836" box="[792,872,1960,1987]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="70" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
diam., discoid .......................................... 17
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBDFFB8EAA8FE985356FE79" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAA8FE985356FEB2" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAA8FE985356FEB2" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
17. Spathes and scapes densely pilose, sericeous, involucral bracts dark castaneous to blackish, capitula&gt; 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBDFFB8EB17FEBD5773FEB3" box="[258,338,300,327]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
wide ....................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBDFFB8E9BFFEBD5356FEB2" ID-CoL="8WZLV" authority="(Moldenke) Trovo" authorityName="Trovo" baseAuthorityName="Moldenke" box="[938,1399,300,327]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8E9BFFEBD52B9FEB2" bold="true" box="[938,1176,300,327]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">Paepalanthus niger</emphasis>
(Moldenke) Trovó
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAD4FEC15356FE79" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAD4FEC15356FE79" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8EAD4FEC156F1FE9E" bold="true" box="[193,208,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">–</emphasis>
Spathes and scapes usually glabrous to sparsely pilose, involucral bracts light castaneous, capitula &lt;
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBDFFB8EB16FEE35772FE79" box="[259,339,370,397]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
wide ............................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBDFFB8E94FFEE35286FE79" authority="Trovo" authorityName="Trovo" box="[858,1191,370,397]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="politus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8E94FFEE35278FE79" bold="true" box="[858,1113,370,397]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">Paepalanthus politus</emphasis>
Trovó
</taxonomicName>
stat. et nom. nov.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBDFFB8EAA8FE255357FE05" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAA8FE255357FE3A" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" box="[189,1398,436,463]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAA8FE255357FE3A" box="[189,1398,436,463]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">18. Gracile herbs; basal rosette absent, stem ramified .......................................................................... 19</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAD4FE495357FE05" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" box="[193,1398,471,498]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAD4FE495357FE05" box="[193,1398,471,498]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8EAD4FE4956F1FE06" bold="true" box="[193,208,472,498]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">–</emphasis>
Robust herbs; basal rosette present, stem not ramified ................................................................... 21
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBDFFB8EAA8FD885357FDA2" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAA8FD885357FDC7" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" box="[189,1398,536,563]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAA8FD885357FDC7" box="[189,1398,536,563]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
19. Involucral bracts golden to paleaceous when old ................. 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBDFFB8E9BEFD895357FDC7" ID-CoL="4BYNM" authority="(Bong.) Kunth" authorityName="Kunth" baseAuthorityName="Bong." box="[939,1398,536,563]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flaccidus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8E9BEFD8952E5FDC7" bold="true" box="[939,1220,536,563]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">Paepalanthus flaccidus</emphasis>
(Bong.) Kunth
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAD4FDAD5357FDA2" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" box="[193,1398,572,598]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8EAD4FDAD56F1FDA2" bold="true" box="[193,208,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">–</emphasis>
Involucral bracts castaneous ........................................................................................................... 20
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAA8FDEC5356FD2A" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
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20. Leaves usually glabrous, apex acute; spathes&gt; 
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long, mostly glabrous; scapes glabrous; capitula ca 
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wide; floral bracts linear ......................................................................................... ..................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBDFFB8E8FEFD525356FD2A" ID-CoL="9V6RF" authority="(Moldenke) L. E. F. Silva &amp; Trovo" authorityName="L. E. F. Silva &amp; Trovo" baseAuthorityName="Moldenke" box="[747,1399,707,734]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atratus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8E8FEFD5255CFFD2A" bold="true" box="[747,1006,707,734]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">Paepalanthus atratus</emphasis>
(Moldenke) L.E.F.Silva &amp; Trovó
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAD4FD765356FCBC" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAD4FD765356FCBC" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8EAD4FD7656F1FCF5" bold="true" box="[193,208,743,769]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">–</emphasis>
Leaves densely pilose and ciliate, apex mucronate to acuminate; spathes &lt;3.0 cm long, hirsute; scapes hirsute; capitula ca 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBDFFB8E836FC9B5446FCD1" box="[547,615,778,805]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
wide, floral bracts oblong ............................................................... ........................................................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBDFFB8E969FCBC5356FCBC" ID-CoL="4BZ3K" authority="(Bong.) Korn." authorityName="Korn." baseAuthorityName="Bong." box="[892,1399,813,840]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichophyllus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8E969FCBC52EBFCBC" bold="true" box="[892,1226,813,840]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">Paepalanthus trichophyllus</emphasis>
(Bong.) Körn.
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBDFFB8EAA8FCFE5357FC06" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAA8FCFE5357FC58" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAA8FCFE5357FC58" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
21. Leaves oblong, apex cuspidate; bracts of the inflorescence axis strongly recurved, cordate ............. ......................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBDFFB8E9E3FC005357FC58" ID-CoL="4BYL6" authority="Ruhland" authorityName="Ruhland" box="[1014,1398,913,940]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8E9E3FC00532AFC58" bold="true" box="[1014,1291,913,940]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">Paepalanthus cordatus</emphasis>
Ruhland
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAD4FC245357FC06" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAD4FC245357FC06" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8EAD4FC2456F1FC3B" bold="true" box="[193,208,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">–</emphasis>
Leaves lanceolate or linear, apex acute to mucronate; bracts of the inflorescence axis patent to erect, lanceolate or linear .......................................................................................................................... 22
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBDFFB8EAA8FB8B5357FB8E" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAA8FB8B5356FBA3" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAA8FB8B5356FBA3" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
22. Bracts of the inflorescence axis strongly appressed; capitula sulfurous ............................................. ................................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBDFFB8EE25FBAD5356FBA3" ID-CoL="4BYT5" authority="Trovo" authorityName="Trovo" box="[1072,1399,1084,1111]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macer">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8EE25FBAD5308FBA3" bold="true" box="[1072,1321,1084,1111]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">Paepalanthus macer</emphasis>
Trovó
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAD4FBF15357FB8E" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" box="[193,1398,1120,1147]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAD4FBF15357FB8E" box="[193,1398,1120,1147]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8EAD4FBF156F1FB8E" bold="true" box="[193,208,1120,1146]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">–</emphasis>
Bracts of the inflorescence axis usually patent or ascending, but then lax; capitula whitish ......... 23
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBDFFB8EAA8FB335357FB2B" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAA8FB335356FB48" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" box="[189,1399,1185,1212]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAA8FB335356FB48" box="[189,1399,1185,1212]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
23. Bracts of the inflorescence axis ascending, membranaceous .............. 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBDFFB8EE02FB305356FB48" ID-CoL="4BZ2J" authority="Trovo" authorityName="Trovo" box="[1047,1399,1185,1212]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellatus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8EE02FB305309FB48" bold="true" box="[1047,1320,1185,1212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">Paepalanthus stellatus</emphasis>
Trovó
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAD4FB545357FB2B" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" box="[193,1398,1221,1247]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAD4FB545357FB2B" box="[193,1398,1221,1247]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8EAD4FB5456F1FB2B" bold="true" box="[193,208,1221,1247]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">–</emphasis>
Bracts of the inflorescence axis patent, chartaceous ....................................................................... 24
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBDFFB8EAA8FA975357FA7F" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAA8FA975357FAB7" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAA8FA975357FAB7" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
24. Leaves of the uppermost series contort, apex mucronate; scapes mostly with the same size of the inflorescence axis ....................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBDFFB8E9C7FAB85357FAB7" ID-CoL="4BZ3X" authority="Ruhland" authorityName="Ruhland" box="[978,1398,1321,1348]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urbanianus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8E9C7FAB8532AFAB0" bold="true" box="[978,1291,1321,1348]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">Paepalanthus urbanianus</emphasis>
Ruhland
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAD4FADC5357FA7F" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAD4FADC5357FA7F" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8EAD4FADC56F1FA93" bold="true" box="[193,208,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">–</emphasis>
Leaves of the uppermost series straight, apex acute; scapes much shorter than the inflorescence axis .................................................................................................................................................. 25
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBDFFB8EAA8FA205357F9C1" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAA8FA205357FA1A" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAA8FA205357FA1A" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
25. Plants &lt;
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tall; leaves deciduous, &lt;8.0 cm long; reproductive axis &lt;80.0 cm long; scapes &lt;100 ............................................................................................................................................... 26
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAD4FA695357F9C1" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAD4FA695357F9C1" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8EAD4FA6956F1F9E6" bold="true" box="[193,208,1528,1554]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">–</emphasis>
Plants&gt; 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBDFFB8EB40FA69578FF9E6" box="[341,430,1528,1554]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" unit="cm" value="130.0">130 cm</quantity>
tall; leaves persistent,&gt; 9.0 cm long; reproductive axis&gt; 100.0 cm long; scapes&gt; 100 ............................................................................................................................................... 27
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBDFFB8EAA8F9CD5357F8D2" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAA8F9CD5356F949" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAA8F9CD5356F949" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
26. Plant up to 
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tall; leaves linear, 1.0−3.0 × 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBDFFB8E90BF9CD558AF983" box="[798,939,1628,1655]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" unit="cm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1−0.2 cm</quantity>
.; reproductive axis ca 45.0 cm tall and 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBDFFB8EAFFF911571AF96E" box="[234,315,1664,1690]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" unit="cm" value="0.3">0.3 cm</quantity>
diam.; axis bracts linear to narrowly lanceolate, 0.5−1.5 × 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBDFFB8E9E3F91152A3F96E" box="[1014,1154,1664,1690]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" unit="cm" value="0.2" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.1">0.1−0.3 cm</quantity>
.; up to 25 scapes per plant; capitula ca 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBDFFB8EBAFF932542BF949" box="[442,522,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" unit="cm" value="0.9">0.9 cm</quantity>
diam. .............................. 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBDFFB8E954F9335337F949" authority="Trovo &amp; Echtern." authorityName="Trovo &amp; Echtern." authorityYear="2022" box="[833,1302,1698,1725]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="irwinii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8E954F933521EF949" bold="true" box="[833,1087,1698,1725]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">Paepalanthus irwinii</emphasis>
Trovó &amp; Echtern.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AD457FBFFBDFFB8EF09F9325356F949" box="[1308,1399,1699,1725]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAD4F9575357F8D2" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAD4F9575357F8D2" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8EAD4F95756F1F914" bold="true" box="[193,208,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">–</emphasis>
Plant up to 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBDFFB8EB65F95757E6F914" box="[368,455,1734,1760]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" unit="cm" value="120.0">120 cm</quantity>
tall; leaves lanceolate, 3.5−8.0 × 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBDFFB8E945F95755FAF914" box="[848,987,1734,1760]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" unit="cm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.3">0.3−0.7 cm</quantity>
.; reproductive axis ca 100.0 cm tall and 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBDFFB8EB09F978574CF8F0" box="[284,365,1769,1796]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" unit="cm" value="0.6">0.6 cm</quantity>
diam.; axis bracts lanceolate, 1.0−5.5 × 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBDFFB8E95CF97855F4F8F0" box="[841,981,1769,1796]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" unit="cm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.8">0.8−1.2 cm</quantity>
.; up to 80 scapes per plant; capitula ca 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBDFFB8EB19F89D577DF8D3" box="[268,348,1804,1831]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
diam. .................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBDFFB8E9B1F89D5357F8D2" ID-CoL="75KMB" authority="Ruhland" authorityName="Ruhland" box="[932,1398,1804,1831]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acanthophyllus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8E9B1F89D532DF8D3" bold="true" box="[932,1292,1804,1831]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">Paepalanthus acanthophyllus</emphasis>
Ruhland
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="18672E37FFBDFFB8EAA8F8DF5356F825" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAA8F8DF5357F87F" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAA8F8DF5357F87F" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
27. Bracts of the inflorescence axis varying in shape along the axis, becoming smaller from the base to the apex ....................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBDFFB8E9CFF8E15357F87F" ID-CoL="4BYK8" authority="Herzog" authorityName="Herzog" box="[986,1398,1904,1931]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chiquitensis">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8E9CFF8E15338F87F" bold="true" box="[986,1305,1904,1931]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">Paepalanthus chiquitensis</emphasis>
Herzog
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBDFFB8EAD4F8055356F825" blockId="13.[189,1399,265,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBDFFB8EAD4F8055356F825" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8EAD4F80556F1F85A" bold="true" box="[193,208,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">–</emphasis>
Bracts of the inflorescence axis with similar shape along the axis, with the same size from the base to the apex ....................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBDFFB8E96BF8265356F825" ID-CoL="4BYRQ" authority="(Ruhland) Trovo" authorityName="Trovo" baseAuthorityName="Ruhland" box="[894,1399,1975,2002]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koernickei">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBDFFB8E96BF826528AF826" bold="true" box="[894,1195,1975,2002]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="71">Paepalanthus koernickei</emphasis>
(Ruhland) Trovó
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBEFFBBEAA8FE985356FE78" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAA8FE985356FEB2" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAA8FE985356FEB2" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
28. Flowers dimerous; sepals of the pistillate flowers shorter than petals, petals with erect, spatulate lobes. .................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBEFFBBEE0CFEBD5356FEB2" ID-CoL="XDMW" authority="Echtern." authorityName="Echtern." box="[1049,1399,300,327]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimera">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBEE0CFEBD532CFEB3" bold="true" box="[1049,1293,300,327]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">Comanthera dimera</emphasis>
Echtern.
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAD4FEC15356FE78" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAD4FEC15356FE78" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBEAD4FEC156F1FE9E" bold="true" box="[193,208,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">–</emphasis>
Flower trimerous; sepals of the pistillate flowers longer than petals, petals with often involute, triangular lobes .......................................................................................29 (
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBEFFBBEE48FEE3534FFE78" ID-CoL="8W3XJ" authority="Ruhland" authorityName="Ruhland" box="[1117,1390,370,396]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Syngonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBEE48FEE35323FE78" box="[1117,1282,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">Syngonanthus</emphasis>
Ruhland
</taxonomicName>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBEFFBBEAA8FE255357FDE1" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAA8FE255357FE3A" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" box="[189,1398,436,463]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAA8FE255357FE3A" box="[189,1398,436,463]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">29. Simple inflorescences, scapes arising from the stem, axillary to the leaves ................................... 30</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAD4FE495357FDE1" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAD4FE495357FDE1" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBEAD4FE4956F1FE06" bold="true" box="[193,208,472,498]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">–</emphasis>
Compound inflorescences (synflorescences), scapes arising from the synflorescence axis, axillary to the axis bracts ................................................................................................................................. 37
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBEFFBBEAA8FDAD5357FD8E" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAA8FDAD5357FDA2" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" box="[189,1398,572,598]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAA8FDAD5357FDA2" box="[189,1398,572,598]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">30. Stem subterranean or restricted to the basal rosette of leaves ........................................................ 31</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAD4FDCE5357FD8E" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" box="[193,1398,607,634]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAD4FDCE5357FD8E" box="[193,1398,607,634]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBEAD4FDCE56F1FD8D" bold="true" box="[193,208,607,633]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">–</emphasis>
Stem aerial, basal rosette absent, leaves spirulate along the stem .................................................. 35
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBEFFBBEAA8FD305357FD2A" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAA8FD305357FD4F" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" box="[189,1398,672,699]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAA8FD305357FD4F" box="[189,1398,672,699]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">31. Involucral bracts brown .................................................................................................................. 32</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAD4FD555357FD2A" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" box="[193,1398,708,734]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAD4FD555357FD2A" box="[193,1398,708,734]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBEAD4FD5556F1FD2A" bold="true" box="[193,208,708,734]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">–</emphasis>
Involucral bracts cream-colored to golden ..................................................................................... 33
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBEFFBBEAA8FC945356FC92" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAA8FC945357FCEB" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" box="[189,1398,773,800]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAA8FC945357FCEB" box="[189,1398,773,800]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
32. Roots orangish, leaves semi-terete ............................................. 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBEFFBBE9C0FC945357FCEB" ID-CoL="53WS3" authority="Silveira" authorityName="Silveira" box="[981,1398,773,800]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Syngonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cabralensis">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBE9C0FC945335FCD4" bold="true" box="[981,1300,773,800]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">Syngonanthus cabralensis</emphasis>
Silveira
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAD4FCB85356FC92" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAD4FCB85356FC92" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBEAD4FCB856F1FCB7" bold="true" box="[193,208,809,835]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">–</emphasis>
Roots cream-colored, leaves flat to canaliculate.................................................................................. ........................................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBEFFBBE905FCDA5356FC92" ID-CoL="7B8JY" authority="M. T. C. Watanabe &amp; Sano" authorityName="M. T. C. Watanabe &amp; Sano" box="[784,1399,843,870]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Syngonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hensoldiae">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBE905FCDA5269FC92" bold="true" box="[784,1096,843,870]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">Syngonanthus hensoldiae</emphasis>
M.T.C.Watanabe &amp; Sano
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBEFFBBEAA8FC1C5357FC19" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAA8FC1C5357FC3E" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAA8FC1C5357FC3E" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
33. Pistillate flowers twice the length of staminate flowers; petals of pistillate flower hairy ................... .................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBEFFBBE948FC215357FC3E" ID-CoL="4BYQF" authority="(Korn.) Ruhland" authorityName="Ruhland" baseAuthorityName="Korn." box="[861,1398,944,971]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Syngonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteropeplus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBE948FC21528CFC3F" bold="true" box="[861,1197,944,971]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">Syngonanthus heteropeplus</emphasis>
(Körn.) Ruhland
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAD4FC455357FC19" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" box="[193,1398,979,1006]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAD4FC455357FC19" box="[193,1398,979,1006]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBEAD4FC4556F1FC1A" bold="true" box="[193,208,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">–</emphasis>
Pistillate flowers similar in length to the staminate flowers; petals of pistillate flower glabrous ....... 34
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBEFFBBEAA8FB845356FB4F" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAA8FB845357FB81" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAA8FB845357FB81" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
34. Roots spongy, orangish; gynoecium with nectariferous appendices; involucral bracts appressed, progressively longer toward the internal series; scape golden ........................................................... ............................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBEFFBBE9BEFBCA5357FB81" ID-CoL="53WVZ" authority="(Bong.) Ruhland" authorityName="Ruhland" baseAuthorityName="Bong." box="[939,1398,1115,1142]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Syngonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitens">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBE9BEFBCA528BFB81" bold="true" box="[939,1194,1115,1142]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">Syngonanthus nitens</emphasis>
(Bong.) Ruhland
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAD4FBEE5356FB4F" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAD4FBEE5356FB4F" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBEAD4FBEE56F1FB6D" bold="true" box="[193,208,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">–</emphasis>
Roots fibrous, cream-colored; gynoecium without nectariferous appendices; involucral bracts lax, medium and internal series similar in height; scape stramineous ......... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBEFFBBEE37FB305356FB4F" ID-CoL="53WST" authority="Huft" authorityName="Huft" box="[1058,1399,1185,1212]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Syngonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="davidsei">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBEE37FB30531BFB48" bold="true" box="[1058,1338,1185,1212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">Syngonanthus davidsei</emphasis>
Huft
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBEFFBBEAA8FB725357FAB7" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAA8FB725356FAD4" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAA8FB725356FAD4" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
35. Flowers bisexual; spathes and scapes with capitate hairs; petals membranaceous ............................ ........................................................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBEFFBBE963FA975356FAD4" authority="M. T. C. Watan." authorityName="M. T. C. Watan." box="[886,1399,1286,1313]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Syngonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="androgynous">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBE963FA9752EBFAD5" bold="true" box="[886,1226,1286,1313]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">Syngonanthus androgynous</emphasis>
M.T.C.Watan.
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAD4FABB5357FAB7" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" box="[193,1398,1321,1348]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAD4FABB5357FAB7" box="[193,1398,1321,1348]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBEAD4FABB56F1FAB0" bold="true" box="[193,208,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">–</emphasis>
Flowers unisexual; spathes and scapes without capitate hairs; petals spongy ................................ 36
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBEFFBBEAA8FAFA5357F9E6" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAA8FAFA5356FA38" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAA8FAFA5356FA38" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
36. Scapes shorter than or equal to the leaf length; involucral bracts cream-colored, with stramineous to greenish longitudinal band; floral bracts present; petals of pistillate flowers glabrous ...................... ........................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBEFFBBE885FA205356FA38" ID-CoL="53WSS" authority="(Bong.) Giul., Hensold &amp; L. R. Parra" authorityName="Giul., Hensold &amp; L. R. Parra" baseAuthorityName="Bong." box="[656,1399,1457,1484]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Syngonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuyabensis">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBE885FA2055EBFA38" bold="true" box="[656,970,1457,1484]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">Syngonanthus cuyabensis</emphasis>
(Bong.) Giul., Hensold &amp; L.R.Parra
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAD4FA445357F9E6" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAD4FA445357F9E6" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBEAD4FA4456F1FA1B" bold="true" box="[193,208,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">–</emphasis>
Scapes longer than the leaf length; involucral bracts completely cream-colored; floral bracts absent; petals of pistillate flowers hairy ...................................... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBEFFBBE997FA665357F9E6" ID-CoL="53WSB" authority="(Poir.) Ruhland" authorityName="Ruhland" baseAuthorityName="Poir." box="[898,1398,1527,1554]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Syngonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caulescens">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBE997FA66529BF9E6" bold="true" box="[898,1210,1527,1554]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">Syngonanthus caulescens</emphasis>
(Poir.) Ruhland
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBEFFBBEAA8F9A85357F96E" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAA8F9A85357F982" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAA8F9A85357F982" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
37. Stem aerial or aquatic; synflorescence axis shorter than leaves, hidden ............................................ ................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBEFFBBE946F9CD5357F982" ID-CoL="53WYC" authority="(Korn.) Ruhland" authorityName="Ruhland" baseAuthorityName="Korn." box="[851,1398,1628,1655]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Syngonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="widgrenianus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBE946F9CD528FF983" bold="true" box="[851,1198,1628,1655]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">Syngonanthus widgrenianus</emphasis>
(Körn.) Ruhland
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAD4F9115357F96E" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" box="[193,1398,1663,1690]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAD4F9115357F96E" box="[193,1398,1663,1690]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBEAD4F91156F1F96E" bold="true" box="[193,208,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">–</emphasis>
Stem subterranean; synflorescence axis longer than leaves, conspicuous ...................................... 38
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBEFFBBEAA8F9505357F8B1" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAA8F9505357F90A" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAA8F9505357F90A" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
38. Synflorescence with whorls of bracts along the axis and at the apex; involucral bracts cream-colored, stramineous to golden; leaves with capitate hairs ....... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBEFFBBE97BF9755357F90A" ID-CoL="7B8J3" authority="(Kunth) Ruhland" authorityName="Ruhland" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" box="[878,1398,1764,1791]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Syngonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humboldtii">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBE97BF9755286F90B" bold="true" box="[878,1191,1764,1791]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">Syngonanthus humboldtii</emphasis>
(Kunth) Ruhland
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAD4F8995357F8B1" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAD4F8995357F8B1" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBEAD4F89956F1F8D6" bold="true" box="[193,208,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">–</emphasis>
Synflorescence with one whorl of bracts at apex; involucral bracts brown; leaves without capitate hairs ................................................................................................................................................. 39
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBEFFBBEAA8F8FD5357F838" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAA8F8FD5357F85D" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAA8F8FD5357F85D" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
39. Involucral bracts abaxially glabrous, discolorous, the external brown, the internal cream-colored; floral bracts present ....................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBEFFBBE9F1F81E5357F85D" ID-CoL="53WSV" authority="Moldenke" authorityName="Moldenke" box="[996,1398,1935,1962]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Syngonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decorus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBE9F1F81E52D8F85E" bold="true" box="[996,1273,1935,1962]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">Syngonanthus decorus</emphasis>
Moldenke
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBEFFBBEAD4F8225357F838" blockId="14.[189,1399,265,1997]" box="[193,1398,1970,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBEFFBBEAD4F8225357F838" box="[193,1398,1970,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBEFFBBEAD4F82256F1F839" bold="true" box="[193,208,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="72">–</emphasis>
Involucral bracts abaxially hairy, similar or gradual in color, all series brown; floral bracts absent .... 40
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBFFFBAEAA8FE985357FE9B" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBFFFBAEAA8FE985356FEBD" blockId="15.[189,1399,265,732]" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBFFFBAEAA8FE985356FEBD" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">
40. Pistillate flowers glabrous; involucral bracts narrow-lanceolate ........................................................ ............................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBFFFBAE921FEBF5356FEBD" ID-CoL="53WY8" authority="M. T. C. Watan. &amp; Echtern." authorityName="M. T. C. Watan. &amp; Echtern." box="[820,1399,302,329]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Syngonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vittatus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBFFFBAE921FEBF5263FEBD" bold="true" box="[820,1090,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">Syngonanthus vittatus</emphasis>
M.T.C.Watan. &amp; Echtern.
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBFFFBAEAD4FEC45357FE9B" blockId="15.[189,1399,265,732]" box="[193,1398,341,367]" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBFFFBAEAD4FEC45357FE9B" box="[193,1398,341,367]" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBFFFBAEAD4FEC456F1FE9B" bold="true" box="[193,208,341,367]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">–</emphasis>
Pistillate flowers hairy; involucral bracts triangular, ovate, oblanceolate to obovate .................... 41
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBFFFBAEAA8FE085357FDD1" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBFFFBAEAA8FE085357FE2D" blockId="15.[189,1399,265,732]" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBFFFBAEAA8FE085357FE2D" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">
41. Leaves cespitose, erect to flexuous; involucral bracts with a lighter central band ............................. ................................................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBFFFBAE92EFE2E5357FE2D" ID-CoL="5RQLC" authority="Moldenke" authorityName="Moldenke" box="[827,1398,447,474]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Syngonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="densifolius" variety="majus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBFFFBAE92EFE2E5254FE2E" bold="true" box="[827,1141,447,474]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">Syngonanthus densifolius</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBFFFBAEEBAFE2E52D9FE2D" bold="true" box="[1199,1272,447,473]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">majus</emphasis>
Moldenke
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBFFFBAEAD4FE745357FDD1" blockId="15.[189,1399,265,732]" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBFFFBAEAD4FE745357FDD1" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBFFFBAEAD4FE7456F1FE0B" bold="true" box="[193,208,485,511]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">–</emphasis>
Leaves in distinct basal rosettes, ascending, recurved or incurved; involucral bracts mostly homogeneously brown or margins lighter than the center .............................................................. 42
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="18672E37FFBFFFBAEAA8FDDE5357FD2F" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBFFFBAEAA8FDDE5356FD7B" blockId="15.[189,1399,265,732]" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBFFFBAEAA8FDDE5356FD7B" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">
42. Leaves distally incurved, 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBFFFBAE80DFDDE5486FD9E" box="[536,679,591,618]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.7">0.7−1.2 mm</quantity>
wide ....................................................................................... ...................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBFFFBAE8E7FDE45356FD7B" ID-CoL="7B8J8" authority="M. T. C. Watan. &amp; Echtern." authorityName="M. T. C. Watan. &amp; Echtern." box="[754,1399,629,656]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Syngonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incurvifolius">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBFFFBAE8E7FDE45263FD64" bold="true" box="[754,1090,629,656]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">Syngonanthus incurvifolius</emphasis>
M.T.C.Watan. &amp; Echtern.
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFBFFFBAEAD4FD0D5357FD2F" blockId="15.[189,1399,265,732]" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="186295A7FFBFFFBAEAD4FD0D5357FD2F" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBFFFBAEAD4FD0D56F1FD42" bold="true" box="[193,208,668,694]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">–</emphasis>
Leaves ascending to recurved, 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFBFFFBAE840FD0A5499FD42" box="[597,696,667,694]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2−5 mm</quantity>
wide ..................................................................................... .................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFBFFFBAE8CCFD505357FD2F" ID-CoL="5RQLB" authority="Moldenke" box="[729,1398,705,732]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Syngonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="densifolius" variety="brachyphyllus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBFFFBAE8CCFD505232FD28" bold="true" box="[729,1043,705,732]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">Syngonanthus densifolius</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFBFFFBAEE58FD5052D9FD28" bold="true" box="[1101,1272,705,732]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="73">brachyphyllus</emphasis>
Moldenke
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>