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<document id="8863C2B35989D9E89539E439689826EE" ID-CLB-Dataset="119273" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.834.1899" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8357241b-f19c-4873-9cb2-ae523b668b94" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6981051" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1660147112228" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Trovó, Marcelo &amp; Echternacht, Lívia" docDate="2022" docId="2B3A8784FFB3FFB2EBC9F92F5733FC08" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-834_58-93.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 834" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.834.1899" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Actinocephalus brevifolius Trovo &amp; Echtern. 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="D703FFFCFFB0FFB5EA15FF915621FFF4" masterDocTitle="The Paepalanthoideae (Eriocaulaceae) of the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Brazil: taxonomic novelties, identification key, and illustrated list of species" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="58" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1699365320394" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="7525E25C3A4FC853E353AC1EA34A0EED">The Paepalanthoideae (Eriocaulaceae) of the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Brazil: taxonomic novelties, identification key, and illustrated list of species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0631522D7550A9C4D70336647EA950A8">Trovó, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C39016C3BFAF576D285663022CA891B2">Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941 - 590, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="900689163CF5D721B44E2016736D402B">Echternacht, Lívia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AD20340F5D425407D31F4F040C467A06">Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, ICEB III, Ouro Preto, MG 35400 - 000, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="F781B538D0FF86B81D927E4564A76818">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="A32C3692FFB3FFB6EBC9F92F5276F92D" blockId="3.[476,1111,1726,1823]" box="[476,1111,1726,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="F86481FEFFB3FFB6EBC9F92F5276F92D" box="[476,1111,1726,1753]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFB3FFB6EBC9F92F55D7F92D" authority="Trovo &amp; Echtern." authorityName="Trovo &amp; Echtern." authorityYear="2022" box="[476,1014,1726,1753]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Actinocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevifolius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB3FFB6EBC9F92F5501F92D" bold="true" box="[476,800,1726,1753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Actinocephalus brevifolius</emphasis>
Trovó &amp; Echtern.
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AD457FBFFB3FFB6E9E8F92E5276F92D" box="[1021,1111,1727,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="A32C3692FFB3FFB6E852F97355CCF908" blockId="3.[476,1111,1726,1823]" box="[583,1005,1762,1788]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77302846-1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFB3FFB6E8DBF8945546F8EB" blockId="3.[476,1111,1726,1823]" box="[718,871,1797,1823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">
<figureCitation id="3BA82A17FFB3FFB6E8DBF8945516F8EB" box="[718,823,1797,1823]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="5.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionStartId-1="6.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox-0="[192,1355,335,1852]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1376,265,1890]" captionTargetId-0="figure-92@5.[189,1399,265,1855]" captionTargetId-1="figure-59@6.[227,1376,265,1890]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Actinocephalus brevifolius Trovó &amp; Echtern. sp. nov.. A. Habit. B. Rosette detail. C. Paraclade apex detail. D. Capitulum detail. E. Involucral bract, abaxial surface. F. Floral bract, abaxial surface. G. Staminate flower. H. Staminate flower with sepals removed and corolla opened. I. Pistillate flower. J. Petal of the pistillate flower, abaxial surface. K. Gynoecium. (M.L.O. Trovó et al. 774 – RB)." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Actinocephalus brevifolius Trovó &amp; Echtern. sp. nov. A. Habitat. B. Habitat detail. C. Habit. D. Habit detail. E. Rosette and paraclade detail. F. Spathe detail. G. Capitulum detail, view from above. H. Capitulum detail, view from below." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981061" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981063" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6981061/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6981063/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Figs 2–3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="3BA82A17FFB3FFB6E956F8945546F8EB" box="[835,871,1797,1823]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,231,1893,1919]" captionTargetBox="[234,1353,265,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-73@16.[234,1353,265,1847]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Species of Paepalanthoideae (Eriocaulaceae) from the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park. A. Actinocephalus brevifolius Trovó &amp; Echtern. sp. nov. B. A. phaeocephalus (Ruhland) F.N.Costa. C. Comanthera dimera Echtern.. D. Paepalanthus acanthophyllus Ruhland. E. P. amphibius Trovó. F. P. atratus (Moldenke) L.E.F.Silva &amp; Trovó. G. P. bifidus (Schrad.) Kunth. H. P. campanulatus Trovó." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981075/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">6A</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB3FFB6EAA8F8D75717F894" bold="true" box="[189,310,1862,1888]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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Differs from 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFB3FFB6EB40F8E454E1F87B" box="[341,704,1909,1935]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Actinocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phaeocephalus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB3FFB6EB40F8E454E1F87B" box="[341,704,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Actinocephalus phaeocephalus</emphasis>
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by having rhizomes, narrower rosettes of linear and shorter leaves, more numerous paraclades with linear and shorter bracts, and also by the pilosity of the floral organs.
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<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB4FFB1EAA8FE985765FED7" bold="true" box="[189,324,265,291]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Etymology</emphasis>
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The epithet “ 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFB4FFB1EB72FEA957C2FEA6" box="[359,483,312,338]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Actinocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevifolius">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB4FFB1EB72FEA957C2FEA6" box="[359,483,312,338]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">brevifolius</emphasis>
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” is related to the species’ small leaf size both when compared to the morphologically similar species and also in relation to the size of its paraclades.
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<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB4FFB1EAA8FE0E578BFE4D" bold="true" box="[189,426,415,441]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Material examined</emphasis>
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• 
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; 14°06ʹ26ʹʹ S, 47°39ʹ10ʹʹW; 
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; 
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et al. 774
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.
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; 
<date id="D72D1052FFB4FFB1E8A5FD355576FD4A" box="[688,855,676,702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" value="2017-11-13">
<collectingDate id="C769E9BAFFB4FFB1E8A5FD355576FD4A" box="[688,855,676,702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" value="2017-11-13">13 Nov. 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB4FFB1E970FD3552CAFD4A" box="[869,1259,676,702]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<collectorName id="0E665344FFB4FFB1E970FD3555DEFD4A" box="[869,1023,676,702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">M.L.O Trovó</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="0E665344FFB4FFB1EE3CFD345294FD4A" box="[1065,1205,677,702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">L.M Borges</collectorName>
688
</emphasis>
; 
<collectionCode id="C582AE57FFB4FFB1EEE9FD35531BFD4A" box="[1276,1338,676,702]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15624" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15624" name="EMBRAPA Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia - CENARGEN" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="Herbarium">CEN</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="C582AE57FFB4FFB1EF5DFD355353FD4A" box="[1352,1394,676,702]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15528" name="Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="Herbarium">RB</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="C582AE57FFB4FFB1EAAAFD5956D1FD16" box="[191,240,712,738]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15730" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15730" name="Universidade de São Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="Herbarium">SPF</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="13FB3CCFFFB4FFB1EB1CFD5955A5FD17" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3886967301" box="[265,900,712,739]" collectingDate="2018-08-21" collectionCode="CEN, RB" collectorName="M. F. Simon" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" specimenCount="1">
ibid.; 
<date id="D72D1052FFB4FFB1EB5BFD5957D1FD16" box="[334,496,712,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" value="2018-08-21">
<collectingDate id="C769E9BAFFB4FFB1EB5BFD5957D1FD16" box="[334,496,712,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" value="2018-08-21">21 Aug. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB4FFB1EBEFFD585525FD16" box="[506,772,712,739]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<collectorName id="0E665344FFB4FFB1EBEFFD58545EFD17" box="[506,639,713,739]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">M.F. Simon</collectorName>
et al. 3379
</emphasis>
; 
<collectionCode id="C582AE57FFB4FFB1E906FD595570FD16" box="[787,849,712,738]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15624" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15624" name="EMBRAPA Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia - CENARGEN" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="Herbarium">CEN</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="C582AE57FFB4FFB1E948FD5855A5FD17" box="[861,900,713,739]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15528" name="Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="Herbarium">RB</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="13FB3CCFFFB4FFB1E988FD595453FCF3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3886967308" collectingDate="2020-03-14" collectionCode="OUPR" collectorName="L. Echternacht &amp; M. Pignal &amp; P. H. Cardoso" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" specimenCount="1">
sibid.; 
<date id="D72D1052FFB4FFB1E9F8FD5952ACFD16" box="[1005,1165,712,739]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" value="2020-03-14">
<collectingDate id="C769E9BAFFB4FFB1E9F8FD5952ACFD16" box="[1005,1165,712,739]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" value="2020-03-14">14 Mar. 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB4FFB1EE8FFD585369FD16" box="[1178,1352,712,738]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<collectorName id="0E665344FFB4FFB1EE8FFD585369FD16" box="[1178,1352,712,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">L. Echternacht</collectorName>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB4FFB1EF42FD585430FCF3" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<collectorName id="0E665344FFB4FFB1EF42FD58572AFCF3" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">M. Pignal</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="0E665344FFB4FFB1EB24FD7C57EFFCF3" box="[305,462,749,775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">P.H. Cardoso</collectorName>
2830
</emphasis>
; 
<collectionCode id="C582AE57FFB4FFB1E835FD7C5453FCF3" box="[544,626,749,775]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15497" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15497" name="Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="Herbarium">OUPR</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
. • 
<materialsCitation id="13FB3CCFFFB4FFB1E89AFD7C5778FCDF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3886967306" collectingDate="2020-03-14" collectionCode="OUPR" collectorName="L. Echternacht &amp; M. Pignal &amp; P. H. Cardoso" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" specimenCount="1">
ibid.; 
<date id="D72D1052FFB4FFB1E8C6FD7C5555FCF3" box="[723,884,749,775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" value="2020-03-14">
<collectingDate id="C769E9BAFFB4FFB1E8C6FD7C5555FCF3" box="[723,884,749,775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" value="2020-03-14">14 Mar. 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB4FFB1E994FD7C520EFCF3" box="[897,1071,749,775]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<collectorName id="0E665344FFB4FFB1E994FD7C520EFCF3" box="[897,1071,749,775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">L. Echternacht</collectorName>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB4FFB1EE2BFD7C56D9FCDF" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<collectorName id="0E665344FFB4FFB1EE2BFD7C5292FCF3" box="[1086,1203,749,775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">M. Pignal</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="0E665344FFB4FFB1EECCFD7C5357FCF3" box="[1241,1398,749,775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">P.H. Cardoso</collectorName>
2833
</emphasis>
; 
<collectionCode id="C582AE57FFB4FFB1EB12FC805778FCDF" box="[263,345,785,811]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15497" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15497" name="Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="Herbarium">OUPR</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EB896519FFB4FFB1EAA8FCC257B1F94B" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="description">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFB4FFB1EAA8FCC2576FFC99" blockId="4.[189,334,851,877]" box="[189,334,851,877]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="F86481FEFFB4FFB1EAA8FCC2576FFC99" bold="true" box="[189,334,851,877]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" reason="3">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB4FFB1EAA8FCC2576FFC99" bold="true" box="[189,334,851,877]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFB4FFB1EAA8FC1257B1F94B" blockId="4.[188,1401,899,1727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
Herbs perennial, solitary, 20.0−50.0 cm tall; rhizome short, sometimes sprouting; aerial stem restricted to the rosette, ca 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFB4FFB1EB9DFC39542EFC37" box="[392,527,936,963]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5−2.5 cm</quantity>
long. Leaves persistent, membranaceous to chartaceous, linear, greenish, flat, patent to recurved, 0.5−2.0 × 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFB4FFB1E853FC5D54FDFC13" box="[582,732,972,999]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="cm" value="0.075" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.05">0.05−0.1 cm</quantity>
, with short hairs on both surfaces, margins with short and rarely long hairs, apex acute. Paraclades arising from the leaf axil, ca (1)5−35 per plant, 5.5−15.0 cm long, incurved; paraclade bracts usually persistent, membranaceous to chartaceous, linear, greenish, flat to navicular, patent to rarely recurved, 0.5−1.5 × 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFB4FFB1E92BFBAB55F9FBA0" box="[830,984,1082,1109]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="cm" value="0.125" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.05">0.05−0.2 cm</quantity>
, with short hairs on both surfaces, margins with short hairs, apex acute. Spathes 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFB4FFB1E8C6FBCF5576FB8D" box="[723,855,1118,1145]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="3.5">3.5−5.5 cm</quantity>
long, with short, long, and t-shaped trichomes on the external surface, apex acute. Scapes 1−15 per paraclade, arranged at the paraclade apex, 20.0−45.0 cm long, with short t-shaped trichomes and long hairs, glabrescent. Capitula 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFB4FFB1EEF8FB365357FB36" box="[1261,1398,1191,1218]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="cm" value="0.8999999999999999" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.6">0.6−1.2 cm</quantity>
diam., obconic to hemispherical, whitish; involucral bracts in 4−5 series, the internal series surpassing the floral disc, castaneous, elliptical, ca 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFB4FFB1E88EFB6154D6FAFF" box="[667,759,1264,1291]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
long, with short hairs on the abaxial surface, densely ciliate, apex long acuminate. Flowers trimerous, ca 40 per capitulum, disposed in concentric rings; floral bracts linear to narrowly oblong, whitish, flat, ca 4.0 mm long, sparsely pilose distally, margin ciliate toward the acute apex. Staminate flowers ca 4.0 mm long; pedicel ca 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFB4FFB1EE5CFACF5285FA8C" box="[1097,1188,1374,1400]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
long; sepals free, linear to narrowly oblong, navicular, whitish to light castaneous, ca 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFB4FFB1E9EEFA135279FA68" box="[1019,1112,1410,1437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long, pilose distally on the abaxial surface, densely ciliate toward the acute apex; anthophore fleshy, ca 1.0 mm long; petals fused into a tube, whitish, membranaceous, ca 2.0 mm long; stamens ca 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFB4FFB1EE08FA5A5256FA11" box="[1053,1143,1483,1510]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long, cream-colored; carpellodes 3, papillose. Pistillate flowers ca 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFB4FFB1E8D9FA7E5504F9FE" box="[716,805,1519,1546]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
long, pedicel ca 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFB4FFB1E9FCFA7E5270F9FE" box="[1001,1105,1519,1546]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
long; sepals free, oblong to obovate, navicular, castaneous, ca 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFB4FFB1E864F98554EBF9DA" box="[625,714,1556,1583]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
long, pilose distally on the abaxial surface, densely ciliate toward the acute apex; petals free, oblong, flat, whitish, ca 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFB4FFB1E96FF9A955F4F9A7" box="[890,981,1592,1619]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long, pilose distally on the abaxial surface, ciliate toward the acute to obtuse apex; gynoecium 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFB4FFB1E99AF9CD55CAF983" box="[911,1003,1628,1655]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
long, stigmatic branches simple, slightly longer than the nectariferous branches, staminodes scale-like. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds ellipsoid, reddish.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EB896519FFB4FFB2EAA8F979520BFEB3" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFB4FFB1EAA8F9795485F8F6" blockId="4.[189,676,1768,1794]" box="[189,676,1768,1794]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="F86481FEFFB4FFB1EAA8F9795485F8F6" bold="true" box="[189,676,1768,1794]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" reason="3">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB4FFB1EAA8F9795485F8F6" bold="true" box="[189,676,1768,1794]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Distribution, habitat, and conservation</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFB4FFB2EAA8F889520BFEB3" blockId="4.[189,1400,1816,2025]" lastBlockId="7.[189,1398,265,327]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
A few populations with ca 15−50 flowering individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFB4FFB1E998F88952E8F8C6" authority="Trovó &amp; Echternacht, 2022" authorityName="Trovó &amp; Echternacht" authorityYear="2022" box="[909,1225,1816,1842]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Actinocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevifolius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB4FFB1E998F88952E8F8C6" box="[909,1225,1816,1842]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Actinocephalus brevifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AD457FBFFB4FFB1EEC0F8885312F8C7" box="[1237,1331,1817,1843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
were observed along the margins of unpaved roads in the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park. All known populations are restricted to the same area in the Rio Preto Valley in the vicinity of the Morro da Baleia Region. Some of these populations are at risk of disappearing, as they occur along roads frequently used by tourists and locals, but at least one population occurs in a less exposed area, close to the Vereda do Mulungu. The individuals were found growing in dry to humid soil along the border of moist grasslands. According to the 
<bibRefCitation id="C7024B63FFB7FFB2EB84FE985410FED7" author="IUCN" box="[401,561,265,291]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refId="ref13396" refString="IUCN 2019. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Available from: http: // www. iucn. org [accessed 8 Jun. 2021]." type="url" year="2019">IUCN (2019)</bibRefCitation>
distribution criteria, EN: B1ab (i,ii,iii,iv), and its occurrence inside a National Conservation Unit, the species should be considered Endangered.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F7EC661AFFB5FFB0EAA8F8F7533DF81E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981061" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6981061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981061/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" startId="5.[189,232,1894,1920]" targetBox="[192,1355,335,1852]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFB5FFB0EAA8F8F7533DF81E" blockId="5.[189,1399,1894,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB5FFB0EAA8F8F7572AF874" bold="true" box="[189,267,1894,1920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFB5FFB0EB06F8F75504F874" authority="Trovo &amp; Echtern." authorityName="Trovo &amp; Echtern." authorityYear="2022" box="[275,805,1894,1920]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Actinocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevifolius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB5FFB0EB06F8F7546DF874" box="[275,588,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Actinocephalus brevifolius</emphasis>
Trovó &amp; Echtern.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AD457FBFFB5FFB0E938F8F655A2F875" box="[813,899,1895,1921]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
.. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB5FFB0E982F8F7558DF874" bold="true" box="[919,940,1894,1920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">A</emphasis>
. Habit. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB5FFB0EE18F8F75201F874" bold="true" box="[1037,1056,1894,1920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">B</emphasis>
. Rosette detail. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB5FFB0EEF4F8F752D4F874" bold="true" box="[1249,1269,1894,1920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">C</emphasis>
. Paraclade apex detail. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB5FFB0EB44F8185745F857" bold="true" box="[337,356,1929,1955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">D</emphasis>
. Capitulum detail. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB5FFB0E859F8185441F857" bold="true" box="[588,608,1929,1955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">E</emphasis>
. Involucral bract, abaxial surface. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB5FFB0EE17F8185233F857" bold="true" box="[1026,1042,1929,1955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">F</emphasis>
. Floral bract, abaxial surface. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB5FFB0EAAAF83D56F5F832" bold="true" box="[191,212,1964,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">G</emphasis>
. Staminate flower. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB5FFB0EBAFF83C57F0F833" bold="true" box="[442,465,1965,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">H</emphasis>
. Staminate flower with sepals removed and corolla opened. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB5FFB0EE89F83C5286F833" bold="true" box="[1180,1191,1965,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">I</emphasis>
. Pistillate flower. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB5FFB0EAA8F84156EDF81E" bold="true" box="[189,204,2000,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">J</emphasis>
. Petal of the pistillate flower, abaxial surface. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB5FFB0E8FEF8415523F81E" bold="true" box="[747,770,2000,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">K</emphasis>
. Gynoecium. (
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB5FFB0E9A7F84152E7F81E" box="[946,1222,2000,2026]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">M.L.O. Trovó et al. 774</emphasis>
– RB).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F7EC661AFFB6FFB3EAA8F81954A5F81C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981063" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6981063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981063/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" startId="6.[189,232,1928,1954]" targetBox="[227,1376,265,1890]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFB6FFB3EAA8F81954A5F81C" blockId="6.[188,1399,1928,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB6FFB3EAA8F819572CF856" bold="true" box="[189,269,1928,1954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFB6FFB3EB02F8195510F856" authority="Trovo &amp; Echtern." authorityName="Trovo &amp; Echtern." authorityYear="2022" box="[279,817,1928,1954]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Actinocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevifolius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB6FFB3EB02F8195473F856" box="[279,594,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Actinocephalus brevifolius</emphasis>
Trovó &amp; Echtern.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AD457FBFFB6FFB3E92FF81955B9F856" box="[826,920,1928,1954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB6FFB3E9B4F8195597F856" bold="true" box="[929,950,1928,1954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">A</emphasis>
. Habitat. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB6FFB3EE3AF8195262F856" bold="true" box="[1071,1091,1928,1954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">B</emphasis>
. Habitat detail. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB6FFB3EF12F819533DF856" bold="true" box="[1287,1308,1928,1954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">C</emphasis>
. Habit. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB6FFB3EAA8F83A56F3F831" bold="true" box="[189,210,1963,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">D</emphasis>
. Habit detail. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB6FFB3EB63F83A57ABF831" bold="true" box="[374,394,1963,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">E</emphasis>
. Rosette and paraclade detail. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB6FFB3E8F8F83A54DEF831" bold="true" box="[749,767,1963,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">F</emphasis>
. Spathe detail. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB6FFB3E9A6F83A55EBF831" bold="true" box="[947,970,1963,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">G</emphasis>
. Capitulum detail, view from above. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB6FFB3EAA9F85F56F2F81C" bold="true" box="[188,211,1998,2024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">H</emphasis>
. Capitulum detail, view from below.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="EB896519FFB7FFB2EAA8FEE15733FC08" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFB7FFB2EAA8FEE15722FE7E" blockId="7.[189,259,368,394]" box="[189,259,368,394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">
<heading id="F86481FEFFB7FFB2EAA8FEE15722FE7E" bold="true" box="[189,259,368,394]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" reason="3">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB7FFB2EAA8FEE15722FE7E" bold="true" box="[189,259,368,394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Notes</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFB7FFB2EAA8FE3157FFFD61" blockId="7.[189,1399,416,661]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFB7FFB2EAA8FE3157D8FE4E" authority="Trovó &amp; Echternacht, 2022" authorityName="Trovó &amp; Echternacht" authorityYear="2022" box="[189,505,416,442]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Actinocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevifolius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB7FFB2EAA8FE3157D8FE4E" box="[189,505,416,442]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Actinocephalus brevifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AD457FBFFB7FFB2E810FE305445FE4F" box="[517,612,417,443]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is one of the few species of 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFB7FFB2E9C6FE3152A9FE4E" box="[979,1160,416,442]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Actinocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB7FFB2E9C6FE3152A9FE4E" box="[979,1160,416,442]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Actinocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring in 
<collectingRegion id="6157F870FFB7FFB2EF27FE3156D9FE2B" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Goiás State</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C7024B63FFB7FFB2EB1CFE5457A6FE2B" author="Sano P. T." box="[265,391,453,479]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" pagination="99 - 107" refId="ref13952" refString="Sano P. T. 2004. Actinocephalus (Korn.) Sano (Paepalanthus sect. Actinocephalus), a new genus of Eriocaulaceae, and other taxonomic and nomenclatural changes involving Paepalanthus Mart. Taxon 53: 99 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4135493" type="journal article" year="2004">Sano 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="C7024B63FFB7FFB2EB82FE54545FFE2B" author="Costa F. N. &amp; Sano P. T." box="[407,638,453,479]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" pagination="281 - 287" refId="ref12538" refString="Costa F. N. &amp; Sano P. T. 2013. New Circumscription of the Endemic Brazilian Genus Actinocephalus (Eriocaulaceae). Novon 22: 281 - 287. https: // doi. org / 10.3417 / 2011001" type="journal article" year="2013">Costa &amp; Sano 2013</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="C7024B63FFB7FFB2E898FE555558FE2B" author="Andrino C. O. &amp; Sano P. T. &amp; Costa F. N." box="[653,889,452,479]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" pagination="929 - 934" refId="ref12191" refString="Andrino C. O., Sano P. T. &amp; Costa F. N. 2021. Taxonomic re-evaluation of Actinocephalus (Eriocaulaceae) in light of new morphological and molecular evidence. Systematic Botany 46: 929 - 934. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364421 X 16370109698641" type="journal article" year="2021">
Andrino 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB7FFB2E8E3FE545513FE2A" box="[758,818,452,478]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). The most similar species to 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFB7FFB2EECCFE545356FE2A" authorityName="Trovó &amp; Echternacht" authorityYear="2022" box="[1241,1399,452,479]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Actinocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevifolius">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB7FFB2EECCFE545356FE2A" box="[1241,1399,452,479]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">A. brevifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFB7FFB2EACBFE785470FDF7" box="[222,593,489,515]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Actinocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phaeocephalus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB7FFB2EACBFE785470FDF7" box="[222,593,489,515]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Actinocephalus phaeocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the only congeneric and sympatric species in the Chapada dos Veadeiros Region. Although 
<bibRefCitation id="C7024B63FFB7FFB2E805FD9C552DFDDC" author="Andrino C. O. &amp; Sano P. T. &amp; Costa F. N." box="[528,780,525,552]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" pagination="929 - 934" refId="ref12191" refString="Andrino C. O., Sano P. T. &amp; Costa F. N. 2021. Taxonomic re-evaluation of Actinocephalus (Eriocaulaceae) in light of new morphological and molecular evidence. Systematic Botany 46: 929 - 934. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364421 X 16370109698641" type="journal article" year="2021">
Andrino 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB7FFB2E86CFD9F5497FDD3" box="[633,694,525,551]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
refers 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFB7FFB2E975FD9C52EDFDD3" box="[864,1228,525,551]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Actinocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phaeocephalus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB7FFB2E975FD9C52EDFDD3" box="[864,1228,525,551]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Actinocephalus phaeocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as endemic to the Chapada dos Veadeiros, it is worth mentioning that the species is also distributed southwards, as the 
<typeStatus id="7C288830FFB7FFB2EAA8FDC656D1FD85" box="[189,240,599,625]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFB7FFB2EB0DFDC75290FD84" authority="(Moldenke) F. N. Costa &amp; Andrino" authorityName="F. N. Costa &amp; Andrino" baseAuthorityName="Moldenke" box="[280,1201,598,625]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Actinocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="phaeocephalus" variety="foliosus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB7FFB2EB0DFDC754A4FD84" box="[280,645,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Actinocephalus phaeocephalus</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB7FFB2E8AAFDC7553BFD84" box="[703,794,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">foliosus</emphasis>
(Moldenke) F.N.Costa &amp; Andrino
</taxonomicName>
was collected in the vicinities of Brasília.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32C3692FFB7FFB2EAA8FD2F5733FC08" blockId="7.[187,1399,702,1020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">
Both 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFB7FFB2EAEBFD2F5462FD2C" authority="Trovó &amp; Echternacht, 2022" authorityName="Trovó &amp; Echternacht" authorityYear="2022" box="[254,579,702,728]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Actinocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevifolius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB7FFB2EAEBFD2F5462FD2C" box="[254,579,702,728]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Actinocephalus brevifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AD457FBFFB7FFB2E85CFD2F5487FD2C" box="[585,678,702,728]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFB7FFB2E8C9FD2F5595FD2C" box="[732,948,702,728]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Actinocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phaeocephalus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB7FFB2E8C9FD2F5595FD2C" box="[732,948,702,728]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">A. phaeocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are perennial and share the relatively long paraclades bearing very similar obconic to hemispherical capitula surrounded by a series of castaneous involucral bracts with densely ciliate apex surpassing the floral disc. 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFB7FFB2EEAFFC96571EFCB1" authorityName="Trovó &amp; Echternacht" authorityYear="2022" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Actinocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevifolius">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB7FFB2EEAFFC96571EFCB1" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Actinocephalus brevifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished by its rhizome (vs rhizome absent); shorter and narrower, linear leaves, 0.5−2.0 × 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFB7FFB2EB55FCC157FAFC9E" box="[320,475,848,875]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" unit="cm" value="0.075" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.05">0.05−0.1 cm</quantity>
(vs lanceolate, 4.0−8.5 × 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFB7FFB2E931FCC15594FC9E" box="[804,949,848,875]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" unit="cm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.5">0.5−0.9 cm</quantity>
); ca 5−35 paraclades per rosette (vs ca 4−8), covered by shorter and narrower, linear bracts, 0.5−1.5 × 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFB7FFB2EE0DFCE55294FC7B" box="[1048,1205,884,911]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" unit="cm" value="0.125" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.05">0.05−0.2 cm</quantity>
(vs lanceolate, 2.0−5.5 × 
<quantity id="646B9B77FFB7FFB2EB2CFC0857E6FC47" box="[313,455,921,948]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" unit="cm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3−0.5 cm</quantity>
). The flowers are similar, as in most 
<taxonomicName id="64934D11FFB7FFB2E96BFC08521BFC47" box="[894,1082,921,947]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Actinocephalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91E7EA80FFB7FFB2E96BFC08521BFC47" box="[894,1082,921,947]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Actinocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-related species, but slight differences in pilosity were observed in the floral organs, especially in the petals of the pistillate flower.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>