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<document id="56BD4AD1BC1840CD6B94663B09415EAB" ID-CLB-Dataset="39199" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca0b84ea-10e9-4bc9-9fa7-e80cf743106b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="237500" ID-ZooBank="DCE83F63-6CBE-4166-884F-347DF0BEBB62" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461365145587" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G. &amp; Tighe, Kenneth A." docDate="2015" docId="2503879EFFD17F1AFF05F8A9E0D3DFE6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04060p104.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4060 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dysomma melanurum Chen &amp; Weng 1967" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="98" masterDocId="D93AFFE6FFDB7F16FF92FFAFE372DF1E" masterDocTitle="Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="86" pageNumber="96" updateTime="1698661961468" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="AC968DDBDDA85547C382DA16608B9EAE">Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5D02217B7A0DDA4216617D5FADE55696" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CE07C9CA5B71E6EBCFDB91D39787A9F1">Ho, Hsuan-Ching</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="38DABD667D869FC5075B33B3C3C48A40">Smith, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3036A42BD3AE977ECF5C44677DE6B33C">Tighe, Kenneth A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C8D832E451F043D6B41714C6858B4EF6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="586E894FB047CB562E9DFD813266CBB7">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="32FE4C4CC590E30E272FDE924BE59D85">4060</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6B20797DD089FD9B575EA26757BD762B">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="4154AEB54F05075F4B3A6A33D3558596">86</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="ACD81AA360F5C3694C49BD7E6403D5FD" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2503879EFFD17F1AFF05F8A9E0D3DFE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5295850" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119649196" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5295850" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2503879EFFD17F1AFF05F8A9E0D3DFE6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2503879EFFD17F1AFF05F8A9E0D3DFE6" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">
<subSubSection id="E5B06503FFD17F1CFF05F8A9E208D85C" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AD153688FFD17F1CFF05F8A9E1FCD800" blockId="10.[151,654,1797,1858]" box="[151,654,1797,1822]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">
<heading id="F65D81E4FFD17F1CFF05F8A9E1FCD800" bold="true" box="[151,654,1797,1822]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="6AAA4D0BFFD17F1CFF05F8A9E1FCD800" authority="Chen &amp; Weng, 1967" authorityName="Chen &amp; Weng" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,654,1797,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dysomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanurum">
<emphasis id="9FDEEA9AFFD17F1CFF05F8A9E1FCD800" bold="true" box="[151,654,1797,1822]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="9FDEEA9AFFD17F1CFF05F8A9E2EAD800" bold="true" box="[151,408,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">Dysomma melanurum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C93B4B79FFD17F1CFE0DF8AAE1FCD800" author="Chen" box="[415,654,1797,1822]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" refString="Chen, J. T. - F. &amp; Weng, H. T. - C. (1967) A review of the apodal fishes of Taiwan. Biological Bulletin Tunghai University Ichthyology Series, No. 6 (art. 32), 135 - 220." type="journal article" year="1967">Chen &amp; Weng, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD153688FFD17F1CFF05F886E208D85C" blockId="10.[151,654,1797,1858]" box="[151,378,1833,1858]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">
<figureCitation id="35912A0DFFD17F1CFF05F886E391D85C" box="[151,227,1833,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,244,1490,1511]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,407,1468]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,407,1468]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Dysomma melanurum Chen &amp; Weng, 1967. NMMB-P 10949, 2 of 3. A. 285 mm TL. B. 271 mm TL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237506/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
A–B;
<tableCitation id="E0280333FFD17F1CFEB5F886E208D85C" box="[295,378,1833,1858]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,231,151,172]" captionTargetBox="[151,1331,235,1802]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric and meristic data of Dysomma goslinei, Dysomma longirostrum and Dysomma melanurum. Data of D. goslinei and morphometric data of D. longirostrum are adapted from Chen &amp; Mok (2001)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F9D56600FFD27F1FFF05FF38E088DFD1" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" tableUuid="F9D56600FFD27F1FFF05FF38E088DFD1">Table 2</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B06503FFD17F1DFF05F8C3E285DE7A" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="AD153688FFD17F1CFF05F8C3E12ED881" blockId="10.[151,1436,1899,1951]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8DBA11A6FFD17F1CFF05F8C3E12ED881" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="6AAA4D0BFFD17F1CFF05F8C3E11ED89F" authority="Chen &amp; Weng, 1967:84" authorityName="Chen &amp; Weng" authorityPageNumber="84" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,620,1899,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dysomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanurum">
<emphasis id="9FDEEA9AFFD17F1CFF05F8C3E207D89F" box="[151,373,1899,1921]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">Dysomma melanurum</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="2C0B1099FFD17F1CFEE9F8C4E11ED89F" author="Chen" box="[379,620,1899,1921]" page="84" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="C93B4B79FFD17F1CFEE9F8C4E13CD89F" author="Chen" box="[379,590,1899,1921]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" refString="Chen, J. T. - F. &amp; Weng, H. T. - C. (1967) A review of the apodal fishes of Taiwan. Biological Bulletin Tunghai University Ichthyology Series, No. 6 (art. 32), 135 - 220." type="journal article" year="1967">Chen &amp; Weng, 1967</bibRefCitation>
:84
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 63 (
<typeStatus id="7211882AFFD17F1CFD57F8C4E18BD89F" box="[709,761,1899,1921]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Tungkang [Dong-gang],
<collectingCountry id="D5BD7618FFD17F1CFBC0F8C4E7D3D89F" box="[1106,1185,1899,1921]" name="Taiwan" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
).
<treatmentCitation id="2C0B1099FFD17F1CFB23F8C4E6EBD89F" author="Chen" box="[1201,1433,1899,1921]" page="79" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="C93B4B79FFD17F1CFB23F8C4E60BD89F" author="Chen" box="[1201,1401,1899,1921]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" refString="Chen, Y. - Y. &amp; Mok, H. - K. (2001) A new synaphobranchid eel, Dysomma longirostrum (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae), from the northeastern coast of Taiwan. Zoological Studies, 40 (2), 79 - 83." type="journal article" year="2001">Chen &amp; Mok, 2001</bibRefCitation>
:79
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="2C0B1099FFD17F1CFF55F825E209D881" author="Ho" box="[199,379,1929,1951]" page="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="C93B4B79FFD17F1CFF55F825E22FD881" author="Ho" box="[199,349,1929,1951]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" refString="Ho, H. - C., Smith, D. G., Wang, S. - I., Shao, K. - T., Ju, Y. - M. &amp; Chang, C. - W. (2010) Specimen catalog of pieces (sic) collection of National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium transferred from Tunghai University. (II) Order Anguilliformes. Platax, 6, 13 - 34." type="journal article" year="2010">
Ho
<emphasis id="9FDEEA9AFFD17F1CFF7EF825E26AD881" box="[236,280,1929,1951]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
:26
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="2C0B1099FFD17F1CFE16F825E12BD881" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5288511" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5288511" author="Ho" box="[388,601,1929,1951]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B1BDB3EC977FFBC5F9FF9E6FA641C93" page="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="C93B4B79FFD17F1CFE16F825E14BD881" author="Ho" box="[388,569,1929,1951]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" refString="Ho, H. - C. &amp; Shao, K. - T. (2011) Annotated checklist and type catalog of fish genera and species described from Taiwan. Zootaxa, 2957, 1 - 74." type="journal article" year="2011">Ho &amp; Shao, 2011</bibRefCitation>
:22
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD153688FFD17F1CFF05F86AE6EFD8C0" blockId="10.[151,1437,1989,2014]" box="[151,1437,1989,2014]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="9FDEEA9AFFD17F1CFF05F86AE153D8C0" bold="true" box="[151,545,1989,2014]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">
Specimens examined.
<typeStatus id="7211882AFFD17F1CFE33F86AE169D8C0" box="[417,539,1989,2014]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
NMMB-P5284 (formerly THUP 1687), Tungkang [Dong-gang], SW
<collectingCountry id="D5BD7618FFD17F1CFAD1F86AE6EBD8C0" box="[1347,1433,1989,2014]" name="Taiwan" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD153688FFD07F1DFF05FF38E285DE7A" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,356]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="9FDEEA9AFFD07F1DFF05FF38E24ADFAE" bold="true" box="[151,312,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97">Paralectypes:</emphasis>
NMMB-P3885 and NMMB-P5470, same as
<typeStatus id="7211882AFFD07F1DFCA8FF38E0D7DFAE" box="[826,933,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis id="9FDEEA9AFFD07F1DFC22FF38E740DFAE" bold="true" box="[944,1074,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97">Non-types:</emphasis>
collected from Dong-gang, SW
<collectingCountry id="D5BD7618FFD07F1DFF05FF13E39BDFCB" box="[151,233,188,213]" name="Taiwan" pageId="11" pageNumber="97">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
by midwater trawl: NSYU 2732 (
<quantity id="6A529B6DFFD07F1DFD17FF13E077DFCA" box="[645,773,188,212]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.237" pageId="11" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="1237.0">1, 237 mm</quantity>
TL). NMMB-P3885 (1, 191, partly dry),
<date id="D9141048FFD07F1DFB6BFF13E6EBDFCB" box="[1273,1433,188,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97" value="1962-02-13">13 Feb. 1962</date>
. NMMB-P10949 (3, 271–285),
<date id="D9141048FFD07F1DFE61FF4FE109DFE6" box="[499,635,224,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97" value="2010-09-04">4 Sep. 2010</date>
. NMMB-P11122 (2, 258–261),
<date id="D9141048FFD07F1DFC4DFF4FE706DFE6" box="[991,1140,224,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97" value="2010-09-13">13 Sep. 2010</date>
. NMMB-P13741 (1, 265),
<date id="D9141048FFD07F1DFF05FEABE256DE02" box="[151,292,260,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97" value="2011-07-29">29 Jul. 2011</date>
. NMMB-P13841 (1, 260),
<date id="D9141048FFD07F1DFDCAFEABE193DE02" box="[600,737,260,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97" value="2010-10-05">5 Oct. 2010</date>
. NMMB-P14044 (7, 206–285),
<date id="D9141048FFD07F1DFBDEFEABE7A8DE02" box="[1100,1242,260,284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97" value="2011-11-03">3 Nov. 2011</date>
. NMMB-P14213 (1, 255),
<date id="D9141048FFD07F1DFF6DFE87E2E1DE5E" box="[255,403,296,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97" value="2011-10-20">20 Oct. 2011</date>
. NMMB-P15471 (3, 281–297),
<date id="D9141048FFD07F1DFD6CFE87E00FDE5E" box="[766,893,295,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97" value="2011-07-02">2 Jul. 2011</date>
. USNM 398473 (1, 165),
<date id="D9141048FFD07F1DFB36FE87E633DE5E" box="[1188,1345,296,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97" value="2009-11-13">13 Nov. 2009</date>
. USNM 398474 (1, 178),
<date id="D9141048FFD07F1DFECAFEE3E286DE7A" box="[344,500,332,356]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97" value="2009-11-13">13 Nov. 2009</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F9D56600FFD07F1DFF05FA7DE7ABDAF9" box="[151,1241,1490,1511]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237506/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="97" targetBox="[151,1436,407,1468]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="AD153688FFD07F1DFF05FA7DE7ABDAF9" blockId="11.[151,1241,1490,1511]" box="[151,1241,1490,1511]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="9FDEEA9AFFD07F1DFF05FA7DE27EDAF9" bold="true" box="[151,268,1490,1511]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6AAA4D0BFFD07F1DFE80FA7DE1C0DAF9" authority="Chen &amp; Weng, 1967" authorityName="Chen &amp; Weng" authorityYear="1967" box="[274,690,1490,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dysomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanurum">
<emphasis id="9FDEEA9AFFD07F1DFE80FA7DE297DAF9" box="[274,485,1490,1511]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="97">Dysomma melanurum</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Weng, 1967
</taxonomicName>
. NMMB-P10949, 2 of 3. A. 285 mm TL. B. 271 mm TL.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="E5B06503FFD07F1DFF55F998E014D86E" pageId="11" pageNumber="97" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="AD153688FFD07F1DFF55F998E014D86E" blockId="11.[151,1437,1591,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="9FDEEA9AFFD07F1DFF55F998E233D94E" bold="true" box="[199,321,1591,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Pectoral fin present; dorsal-fin origin above middle of pectoral fin, predorsal length 11.5–15.0% TL; lower jaw longer than upper jaw, slightly curved and not appressed to upper jaw when mouth closed; anus anterior, below pectoral fin, preanal length 15.4–17.3% TL; trunk very short, trunk length 3.0–5.3% TL; no intermaxillary teeth; multiple rows of teeth on upper jaw, those on innermost row about twice the size of the rest; 5 or 6 (mainly 5) compound teeth on vomer; multiple rows of teeth on lower jaw, those on innermost row about twice the size of the rest; head pores: IO 4, SO 3, M 7 (1 with 8), POP 0, AD 1, F 0, ST 0. Lateral-line pores very large, predorsal 10–13, prepectoral 8–11, preanal11–17, total pores 107–117, the last to 1/2 HL before the caudal-fin base. MVF 13-14-135, total vertebrae 131–138. Body uniformly light pinkish to grayish with numerous melanophores, posterior margin of anal fin and caudal fin black.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5B06503FFD07F1AFF55F8D4E0D3DFE6" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="11" pageNumber="97" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AD153688FFD07F1DFF55F8D4E7C4D8C5" blockId="11.[151,1437,1591,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="9FDEEA9AFFD07F1DFF55F8D4E249D88A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1915,1940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="97">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species has a very different morphology of its lower jaw, strongly curved and not appressed to the upper jaw when the mouth is closed. This may reflect its pelagic living. Many specimens are found to feed on pelagic shrimps. This is a small species; the largest specimen examined was only
<quantity id="6A529B6DFFD07F1DFBBBF86BE7F4D8C5" box="[1065,1158,1988,2012]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9699999999999998" pageId="11" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="297.0">297 mm</quantity>
TL.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD153688FFD77F1AFF55FF38E0D3DFE6" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="98">
<bibRefCitation id="C93B4B79FFD77F1AFF55FF38E17DDFAE" author="Robins" box="[199,527,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="98" refString="Robins, C. H. &amp; Robins, C. R. (1976) New genera and species of dysommine and synaphobranchine eels (Synaphobranchidae) with an analysis of the Dysomminae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 127, 249 - 280." type="journal article" year="1976">Robins &amp; Robins (1976:263)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that the projecting lower jaw of this species was an artifact, based on the damaged condition of the specimen they examined (THUP 1687, now the
<typeStatus id="7211882AFFD77F1AFB8FFF13E7FBDFCB" box="[1053,1161,188,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="98" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
). We have examined
<specimenCount id="BBACFD01FFD77F1AFA12FF13E27DDFE6" pageId="12" pageNumber="98" type="generic">25 specimens</specimenCount>
, however, and they all have a clearly projecting lower jaw.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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