190 lines
20 KiB
XML
190 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="D891F944A05411BF77B846CA6EBF9977" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a7637fc8-5b90-4d42-97bd-bdf928cad05d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="230379" ID-ZooBank="DBA35F5E-A827-45E2-8138-6AE2BE46142B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460465150865" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyron, R. Alexander, Reynolds, R. Graham & Burbrink, Frank T." docDate="2014" docId="03EF87BEFFB4FFA3FF17FD71FB2DF896" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03846p260.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3846 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Boidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="256" masterDocId="FFD6FFC6FFB3FFA4FF80FF8DFF92FFB1" masterDocTitle="A Taxonomic Revision of Boas (Serpentes: Boidae)" masterLastPageNumber="260" masterPageNumber="249" pageNumber="256" updateTime="1698304878711" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="FA7E7288E5AB906A13EDCD43EAE08FA9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="D2034E48798ED6991083D06FAEF9C372">
|
||
<mods:title id="2C6CF2046FC40D3C3D098D2481B30250">A Taxonomic Revision of Boas (Serpentes: Boidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="3CAC071A76A2B4AD42D3C3CE92DD697B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8C80F711C63A4478B389347BA3535986">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="5BB25FFBF69F880A51B9A17AA6E1A3D2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="BE7C650A04D5F7A79C0D2BD1B8668552">Pyron, R. Alexander</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="157C6F975968174C413B50E737C13069" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="AAC66D4456CCB76627D38D2590605DD4">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="58EED7F2D0EECD6B226EAB7376619AFB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="222FDCB8D2A57CD23DFC15D05FA8D20D">Reynolds, R. Graham</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="86F8C71340EAD2F7D5220F689D67D6C7" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="3C8A6DF73F00AAD338E39CEBC1E398CD">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="9D77C07EB1FD27B3CC1F0408ED85FAEE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="CF1AB85DE5553845E4823744357E34C2">Burbrink, Frank T.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="206EE8601D539D9BA0FE37A1957F1272">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="97D09587D7AF04142AF471C6C5685CA9" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="FE90C99395ABD641848C609ADAD730E1">
|
||
<mods:title id="FA6516164E53942C1C024B79D60018AC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="EE1FCF5912E0A3A0D8C8CA90183D3C9B">
|
||
<mods:date id="6C3B5EA8025AC0593CD1D7F34A3925DC">2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="FF1EEBDB64DE6D3E8171987166A71FC3" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="EC240621AA470A004C92B35975EB70CC">3846</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="5FD82475130C7AC7B82E0497062150CD" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="22E9CE34FD8CA1CAEB58B0E29265B85D">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="90BDFCC02D2E44FB714027F0DB55E3B9" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="09B6CF2EE3FF5C24CFF46CDAAA25A9A0">249</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="848CF95D52B72E0D9DD4112696BF94EB">260</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="334C7004B64D15AD79F0AB2D30CD05E6">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="69DCB389758E425BD8DC34C75A9D7EA8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.5</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1517C3AFB45548888C93AB74BC48A3ED" type="GBIF-Dataset">a7637fc8-5b90-4d42-97bd-bdf928cad05d</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1AED36761D50E28F4B897F76F48B6A38" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="ED0624BC1684D3874004DB8694285D36" type="Zenodo-Dep">230379</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="70D89F632FF6782BD6519321FFDDEDAE" type="ZooBank">DBA35F5E-A827-45E2-8138-6AE2BE46142B</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03EF87BEFFB4FFA3FF17FD71FB2DF896" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628894" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119514050" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628894" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87BEFFB4FFA3FF17FD71FB2DF896" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF87BEFFB4FFA3FF17FD71FB2DF896" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35C6523FFB4FFA3FF17FD71FEDEFCA7" box="[151,332,764,790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFB4FFA3FF17FD71FEDEFCA7" blockId="7.[151,332,764,790]" box="[151,332,764,790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<heading id="D0B181C4FFB4FFA3FF17FD71FEDEFCA7" bold="true" box="[151,332,764,790]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FF17FD71FEDEFCA7" bold="true" box="[151,332,764,790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB4FFA3FF76FD71FEDEFCA7" box="[246,332,764,790]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Boidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35C6523FFB4FFA3FF17FCCFFC3EFCCF" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFB4FFA3FF17FCCFFD96FCEA" blockId="7.[151,1436,834,1507]" box="[151,516,834,859]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FF17FCCFFEB6FCEA" bold="true" box="[151,292,834,859]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FD880AFFB4FFA3FF17FCCFFF40FCEA" box="[151,210,834,859]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
genus.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB4FFA3FEABFCCEFD96FCEA" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[299,516,834,859]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Boa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FEABFCCEFECAFCEB" box="[299,344,835,858]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">Boa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB4FFA3FEDFFCCFFD96FCEA" author="Linnaeus" box="[351,516,834,859]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFB4FFA3FF47FCEBFC3EFCCF" blockId="7.[151,1436,834,1507]" box="[199,940,870,895]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FF47FCEBFEE8FCCE" bold="true" box="[199,378,870,895]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">Genus content.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FE01FCEAFC3EFCCF" box="[385,940,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB4FFA3FE01FCEAFE23FCCF" box="[385,433,871,894]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Boa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Boa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB4FFA3FE3CFCEBFDC0FCCF" box="[444,594,870,894]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chilabothrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB4FFA3FDDDFCEBFD50FCCF" box="[605,706,870,894]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Corallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Corallus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB4FFA3FD4DFCEAFCA9FCCF" box="[717,827,871,894]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Epicrates</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB4FFA3FCC7FCEAFC3EFCCF" box="[839,940,871,894]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eunectes</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35C6523FFB4FFA3FF47FC07FD84FA9F" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFB4FFA3FF47FC07FF4DFB72" blockId="7.[151,1436,834,1507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FF47FC07FED3FC12" bold="true" box="[199,321,906,931]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Boids can be distinguished from all other similar or related taxa by the following combination of characters: internarial septum with large fenestra, anterior margin of the ventral lamina of the nasal indented in lateral view, anterolateral margin of horizontal lamina of nasal noticeably indented viewed dorsally, horizontal lamina of the nasal does not overlap dorsal surface of frontal, most of palatine process of maxilla occurs posteriorly within the orbit, anterior end of ectopterygoid consists of indistinct lateral and medial heads, supratemporal inclined slightly in lateral view, posterior end of supratemporal rounded but not dilated, parasphenoid wing large and without pedicellate ventral surface, dorsal margin of prearticular noticeably curved upward near attachment of adductor posterior muscle, cornua of hyobranchium discontinuous anteriorly, and shallow labial pits (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB4FFA3FAD8FB0BFF41FB72" author="Kluge" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" refString="Kluge, A. G. (1991) Boine snake phylogeny and research cycles. Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Zoology of the University of Michigan, 178, 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1991">Kluge 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFB4FFA3FF47FB43FD84FA9F" blockId="7.[151,1436,834,1507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FF47FB43FE7BFB56" bold="true" box="[199,489,1230,1255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">Phylogenetic definition.</emphasis>
|
||
Includes the MRCA of included
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FC0DFB42FAF6FB57" box="[909,1380,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB4FFA3FC0DFB42FC2FFB57" box="[909,957,1231,1254]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Boa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Boa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB4FFA3FC50FB43FBF5FB57" box="[976,1127,1230,1254]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Chilabothrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chilabothrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB4FFA3FBFAFB43FB4DFB57" box="[1146,1247,1230,1254]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Corallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Corallus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB4FFA3FB72FB42FAF2FB57" box="[1266,1376,1231,1254]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Epicrates</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB4FFA3FF17FB7EFF6EFABB" box="[151,252,1267,1290]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FF17FB7EFF6EFABB" box="[151,252,1267,1290]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">Eunectes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species and all descendants thereof, and all species more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB4FFA3FB0AFB7EFAACFABB" box="[1162,1342,1267,1290]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Boa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constrictor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FB0AFB7EFAACFABB" box="[1162,1342,1267,1290]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">Boa constrictor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB4FFA3FF17FA9BFECFFA9F" box="[151,349,1302,1326]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Candoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FF17FA9BFECFFA9F" box="[151,349,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">Candoia carinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB4FFA3FE02FA9AFD9DFA9F" box="[386,527,1302,1326]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Eryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FE02FA9AFD9DFA9F" box="[386,527,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">Eryx jaculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35C6523FFB4FFA3FF47FAB7FE91FAC6" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFB4FFA3FF47FAB7FE91FAC6" blockId="7.[151,1436,834,1507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FF47FAB7FEDCFAE2" bold="true" box="[199,334,1338,1363]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From the Latin
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB4FFA3FD8AFAB6FDA6FAE2" box="[522,564,1339,1363]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Boa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FD8AFAB6FDA6FAE2" box="[522,564,1339,1363]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">boa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for ‘large snake,’ after an animal mentioned in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FB04FAB6FAAAFAE3" box="[1156,1336,1339,1363]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">Natural History</emphasis>
|
||
of Pliny the Elder.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35C6523FFB4FFA3FF47FA0FFB55FA2A" box="[199,1223,1410,1435]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFB4FFA3FF47FA0FFB55FA2A" blockId="7.[151,1436,834,1507]" box="[199,1223,1410,1435]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FF47FA0FFEF2FA2A" bold="true" box="[199,352,1410,1435]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
New World tropics, from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3517638FFB4FFA3FD6DFA0FFCD1FA2A" box="[749,835,1410,1435]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3517638FFB4FFA3FCE6FA0FFC4AFA2A" box="[870,984,1410,1435]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the West Indies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35C6523FFB4FFA3FF47FA2BFB2DF896" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFB4FFA3FF47FA2BFC5BFA52" blockId="7.[151,1436,834,1507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FF47FA2BFEA9FA0E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1446,1471]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Several species in this group contain significant intra-specific genetic variation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB4FFA3FB3FFA2BFA05FA0E" author="Colston" box="[1215,1431,1446,1471]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" refString="Colston, T. J., Grazziotin, F. G., Shepard, D. B., Vitt, L. J., Colli, G. R., Henderson, R. W., Hedges, S. B., Bonatto, S., Zaher, H., Noonan, B. P. & Burbrink, F. T. (2013) Molecular systematics and historical biogeography of tree boas (Corallus spp.). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 66, 953 - 959." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Colston
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FA9EFA2AFAC4FA0F" box="[1310,1366,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB4FFA3FF17FA47FE10FA52" author="Reynolds" box="[151,386,1482,1507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" refString="Reynolds, R. G., Niemiler, M. L. & Revell, L. J. (2014) Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: multi locus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 71, 201 - 213. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.11.011" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Reynolds
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FE87FA46FED2FA52" box="[263,320,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and more species may be recognized in the future.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFB4FFA3FF47F99FFB2DF896" blockId="7.[151,1436,1554,1831]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">
|
||
This arrangement (family-level rank of the former boid subfamilies) provides a robust taxonomy for booid snakes. All families are strongly supported as monophyletic by both molecular and morphological data, and their nomenclature is thus unlikely to be affected in the future by the sampling of additional taxa or characters in phylogenetic analyses. The recognition of these ecomorphologically and biogeographically distinct groups as families mirrors other squamate and amphibian taxa such as Iguania (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB4FFA3FC34F92EFB5AF90A" author="Frost" box="[948,1224,1698,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" refString="Frost, D. R. & Etheridge, R. (1989) A phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of iguanian lizards (Reptilia: Squamata). University of Kansas, Lawrence, 65 pp." type="book" year="1989">Frost & Etheridge 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB4FFA3FB55F92EFA06F90A" author="Frost" box="[1237,1428,1699,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" refString="Frost, D. R., Etheridge, R. E., Janies, D. & Titus, T. A. (2001) Total evidence, sequence alignment, evolution of polychrotid lizards, and a reclassification of the Iguania (Squamata: Iguania). American Museum Novitates, 3343, 1 - 38. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2001) 343 <0001: tesaeo> 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Frost
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FA98F92EFAC0F90A" box="[1304,1362,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Ranoidea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB4FFA3FEBDF94AFE6BF96E" author="Frost" box="[317,505,1734,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" refString="Frost, D. R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R. H., Haas, A., Haddad, C. F. B., De Sa, R. O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S. C., Raxworthy, C. J., Campbell, J. A., Blotto, B. L., Moler, P., Drewes, R. C., Nussbaum, R. A., Lynch, J. D., Green, D. M. & Wheeler, W. C. (2006) The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, 8 - 370. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2006) 297 [0001: tatol] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Frost
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB4FFA3FEFFF94AFE25F96F" box="[383,439,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="256">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB4FFA3FD83F94AFD62F96E" author="Pyron" box="[515,752,1734,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" refString="Pyron, R. A. & Wiens, J. J. (2011) A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 61, 543 - 583. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2011.06.012" type="journal article" year="2011">Pyron & Wiens 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where large cosmopolitan families (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB4FFA3FB12F94BFA90F96E" box="[1170,1282,1734,1759]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Iguanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB4FFA3FAB7F94BFA07F96E" box="[1335,1429,1734,1759]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ranidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have been broken up into more manageable and geographically localized units. This classification should provide a stable basis for future revision and description of new species, and other comparative analyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |