treatments-xml/data/03/A5/87/03A587DFD71EFF988DDBF9D084ADF9C8.xml

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<mods:title id="610E7847482F02EF87FB8FF25DDB5DC9">Revision of Ascra with proposition of the bifida species group and description of two new species (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7740C0790A53FD094C5350E72CCF555E">Santos, Bianca Tamires Silva Dos</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71EFF9B8DDBF9D08632F9EB" authority="Say, 1832" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1832" box="[151,346,1625,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Ascra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71EFF9B8DDBF9D087B5F9EB" bold="true" box="[151,221,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Ascra</emphasis>
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new status
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71EFF9B8DDBF9288525F92E" authority="Say, 1832: 7" authorityName="Say" authorityPageNumber="7" authorityYear="1832" box="[151,589,1696,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Pentatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Ascra">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71EFF9B8DDBF928863EF92E" box="[151,342,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Pentatoma (Ascra)</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AAD10D8D71EFF9B8C11F92986B4F92E" author="Say" box="[349,476,1696,1718]" page="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" year="1832">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B38D71EFF9B8C11F92986ACF92E" author="Say" box="[349,452,1696,1718]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refString="Say, T. (1832) New species of North American insects, found by Joseph Barabino, chiefly in Louisiana. School Press, New Harmony, Indiana, 16 pp." type="book" year="1832">Say, 1832</bibRefCitation>
: 7
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, 1891: 303
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD71EFF9B8DDBF93787B7F94C" box="[151,223,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Edessa</emphasis>
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; 
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: 49
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; 
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B38D71EFF9B8CDFF9368563F94C" author="Berg" box="[403,523,1726,1748]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refString="Berg, C. (1879) Hemiptera Argentina Enumeravit Speciesque Novas Descripsit Carolus Berg. Bonariae, Hamburgo, 313 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36493" type="book" year="1879">Berg, 1879</bibRefCitation>
: 60
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AAD10D8D71EFF9B8F0DF93784E7F94C" author="Lethierry" box="[577,911,1726,1748]" page="188" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" year="1893">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B38D71EFF9B8F0DF9378434F94C" author="Lethierry" box="[577,860,1726,1748]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refString="Lethierry, L. &amp; Severin, G. (1893) Catalogue general des Hemipteres. Tome I: Heteropteres: Pentatomidae. Musee Royal d' Histoire Naturelle, Belgique, Bruxelles, x + 286 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15830" type="book" year="1893">Lethierry &amp; Severin, 1893</bibRefCitation>
: 188
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; 
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD71EFF9B8DDBF9548658F96B" box="[151,304,1757,1779]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Edessa (Ascra)</emphasis>
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: 153
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AAD10D8D71EFF9B8F43F95485DFF96B" author="Banks" box="[527,695,1757,1779]" page="84" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B38D71EFF9B8F43F95485F9F96B" author="Banks" box="[527,657,1757,1779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refString="Banks, N. (1910) Catalogue of the Neartic Hemiptera - Heteroptera. American Entomological Society, Philadelphia, 103 pp., VII pls. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12353" type="book" year="1910">Banks, 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 84
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AAD10D8D71EFF9B8F8EF9548413F96B" author="Barber" box="[706,891,1757,1779]" page="301" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" year="1939">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B38D71EFF9B8F8EF9548420F96B" author="Barber" box="[706,840,1757,1779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refString="Barber, H. G. (1939) Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands - Hemiptera - Heteroptera (excepting the Miridae and Corixidae). In: Schlaikjer, E. M. (Ed.), Scientific survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Vol. XIV. Part 3. New York Academy of Sciences, New York, pp. 260 - 474." type="book chapter" year="1939">Barber, 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 301
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. 
<typeStatus id="54B7886BD71EFF9B8DDBF97487A1F88A" box="[151,201,1789,1810]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71EFF9B8C6AF97485F8F88A" authority="Say, 1832" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1832" box="[294,656,1788,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Pentatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifida" subGenus="Ascra">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71EFF9B8C6AF974854EF88A" box="[294,550,1788,1810]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Pentatoma (Ascra) bifida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B38D71EFF9B8F61F97585F8F88A" author="Say" box="[557,656,1788,1810]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refString="Say, T. (1832) New species of North American insects, found by Joseph Barabino, chiefly in Louisiana. School Press, New Harmony, Indiana, 16 pp." type="book" year="1832">Say, 1832</bibRefCitation>
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(
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by monotypy).
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<paragraph id="8BB336C9D71EFF988DDBF8B78230FF60" blockId="1.[151,1437,1854,2023]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,1616]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="447" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71EFF9B8DDBF8B78662F8CF" bold="true" box="[151,266,1854,1879]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Medium sized specimens (
<quantity id="4CF49B2CD71EFF9B8F0BF8B785A9F8CF" box="[583,705,1854,1879]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10−15mm</quantity>
). Body oval (
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71EFF9B8E16F8B7848FF8CF" box="[858,999,1854,1879]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 52 – 58" captionStart-1="FIGURES 59 – 65" captionStartId-0="20.[151,264,1915,1938]" captionStartId-1="21.[151,264,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox-0="[179,1388,202,1888]" captionTargetBox-1="[176,1376,215,1889]" captionTargetId-0="figure@20.[158,1428,193,1894]" captionTargetId-1="figure@21.[158,1428,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionText-0="FIGURES 52 – 58. Dorsal view of the species of Ascra. 52 — A. bifida; 53 — A. cordifera; 54 — A. championi; 55 — A. petersii; 56 — A. abdita; 57 — A. flavoscutellata; 58 — A. vluteum. (Scale = 5 mm)." captionText-1="FIGURES 59 – 65. Ventral view of the species of Ascra. 59 — A. bifida; 60 — A. cordifera; 61 — A. championi; 62 — A. petersii; 63 — A. abdita; 64 — A. flavoscutellata; 65 — A. vluteum. (Scale = 5 mm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/240348/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/240349/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Figs. 52−65</figureCitation>
). Dorsally darker than ventrally–green to greenish brown dorsally (
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71EFF9B8CA9F8EB851CF8E3" box="[485,628,1890,1915]" captionStart="FIGURES 52 – 58" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[179,1388,202,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[158,1428,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 52 – 58. Dorsal view of the species of Ascra. 52 — A. bifida; 53 — A. cordifera; 54 — A. championi; 55 — A. petersii; 56 — A. abdita; 57 — A. flavoscutellata; 58 — A. vluteum. (Scale = 5 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240348/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Figs. 52−58</figureCitation>
), and pale yellow to brown or reddish ventrally (
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71EFF9B898EF8EB822FF8E3" box="[1218,1351,1890,1915]" captionStart="FIGURES 59 – 65" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[176,1376,215,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[158,1428,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 59 – 65. Ventral view of the species of Ascra. 59 — A. bifida; 60 — A. cordifera; 61 — A. championi; 62 — A. petersii; 63 — A. abdita; 64 — A. flavoscutellata; 65 — A. vluteum. (Scale = 5 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240349/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Fig. 59−65</figureCitation>
). Body densely punctate with large dark punctures on pronotum and scutellum. First labial segment longer than bucculae. Pronotum conspicuously gibbous; anterolateral margin impressed, straight to gently convex, and yellow or red; humeral angles not developed, concolorous with pronotal disk, and rounded (
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71EFF9B895CF84783F5F87F" box="[1040,1181,1998,2023]" captionStart="FIGURES 52 – 58" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[179,1388,202,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[158,1428,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 52 – 58. Dorsal view of the species of Ascra. 52 — A. bifida; 53 — A. cordifera; 54 — A. championi; 55 — A. petersii; 56 — A. abdita; 57 — A. flavoscutellata; 58 — A. vluteum. (Scale = 5 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240348/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Figs. 52−58</figureCitation>
). Arms of metasternal process short, not reaching middle of mesosternum. Posterior angle of abdominal segment VII barely projected. Legs and antennae monochromatic. Pygophore densely punctate at least on distal half of the ventral surface. Female internal genitalia with 
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988CA1FF5685DDFF60" box="[493,693,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">capsula seminalis</emphasis>
armed with three short digitiform projections (
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988988FF568248FF60" box="[1220,1312,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 16" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[201,1396,222,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[173,1413,195,1774]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 16. Ascra cordifera Walker, 1868. 9 – 10 Metasternal process; 9 — ventral view; 10 — lateral view. 11 — Female, genital internal. 12 — Female, genital plates. 13 – 15 Male, pygophore; 13 — dorsal view; 14 — ventral view; 15 — posterior view. 16 – Phallus. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240342/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988860FF698223FF60" box="[1324,1355,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 24" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[179,1411,392,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[158,1428,373,1926]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 24. Ascra championi Distant, 1881. 17 – 18 Metasternal process; 17 — ventral view; 18 — lateral view. 19 — Female, genital internal. 20 — Female, genital plates. 21 – 23 Male, pygophore; 21 — dorsal view; 22 — ventral view; 23 — posterior view. 24 − Phallus. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240343/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">19</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336C9D71DFF988D8BFE8D84CDFED8" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Head. Dorsally greenish brown. Margin sinuous. Clypeous and cephalic disk level or slightly above the level of mandibular plates. Antennae in some species punctate or maculate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336C9D71DFF988D8BFEC58609FE48" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
Thorax. Dorsal surface with large brown and/or black punctures. Anterolateral angle acute. Anterolateral margin not punctate. Humeral angle rounded (
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988FFCFEE68454FE10" box="[688,828,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 52 – 58" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[179,1388,202,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[158,1428,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 52 – 58. Dorsal view of the species of Ascra. 52 — A. bifida; 53 — A. cordifera; 54 — A. championi; 55 — A. petersii; 56 — A. abdita; 57 — A. flavoscutellata; 58 — A. vluteum. (Scale = 5 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240348/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Figs. 52−58</figureCitation>
) or slightly acute. Embolium with punctures darker, deeper and larger than those in the corial disk. Evaporatorium dull. Peritreme yellow and flageliform. Tarsus claws with black apices.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336C9D71DFF988D8BFE55853BFD80" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Abdomen. Dorsal surface brown to dark brown. Connexival segments densely punctate. Spiracles rounded and partially surrounded by a yellow callus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336C9D71DFF988D8BFDAD82F4FD68" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
Female genitalia. Gonocoxites 8 convex, punctate, and posterior margin somewhat rounded. Laterotergites 8 slightly convex; apices surpassing lateral angles of abdominal segment VII and apex of laterotergites 8. Gonocoxites 9 convex and trapezoidal. Laterotergites 9 excavated basally; apices passing segment VII (
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988852FDE58205FD1C" box="[1310,1389,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 − 8" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1793,1816]" captionTargetBox="[168,1411,210,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1769]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1 − 8. Ascra bifida (Say, 1832). 1 – 2 Metasternal process; 1 — ventral view; 2 — lateral view. 3 — Female, genital internal. 4 — Female, genital plates. 5 − 7 Male, pygophore; 5 — dorsal view; 6 — ventral view; 7 — posterior view. 8 — Phallus. (aaf—anterior anular flanges; ch— chitinellipsen; cs— capsula seminalis; dre— ductu receptaculi; dr—dorsal rim; gc 8 — gonocoxites 8; gc 9 — gonocoxite 9; la 8, laterotergites 8; la 9 — laterotergites 9; pa—paramere; paf—posterior anular flanges; pc—processes of capsula seminalis; pha— Phallus; pi— pars intermedialis; pla—posterolateral angle; pph—process of Phallus; pvr—projections ventral rim; sp—superior process; tiv—thickening of vaginal intima; vs—vesica; vr—ventral rim; VII—tergite VII; X (female) — abdominal segment X; X (male) — Proctiger. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240341/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988835FDE582FFFD1C" box="[1401,1431,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 16" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[201,1396,222,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[173,1413,195,1774]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 16. Ascra cordifera Walker, 1868. 9 – 10 Metasternal process; 9 — ventral view; 10 — lateral view. 11 — Female, genital internal. 12 — Female, genital plates. 13 – 15 Male, pygophore; 13 — dorsal view; 14 — ventral view; 15 — posterior view. 16 – Phallus. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240342/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">12</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988DDBFD1987DEFD30" box="[151,182,656,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 24" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[179,1411,392,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[158,1428,373,1926]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 24. Ascra championi Distant, 1881. 17 – 18 Metasternal process; 17 — ventral view; 18 — lateral view. 19 — Female, genital internal. 20 — Female, genital plates. 21 – 23 Male, pygophore; 21 — dorsal view; 22 — ventral view; 23 — posterior view. 24 − Phallus. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240343/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">20</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988D8FFD198789FD30" box="[195,225,656,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 38" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1949,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1407,475,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,441,1928]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 38. Ascra abdita Distant, 1890. 31 – 32 Metasternal process; 31 — ventral view; 32 — lateral view. 33 — Female, genital internal. 34 — Female, genital plates. 35 – 37 Male, pygophore; 35 — dorsal view; 36 — ventral view; 37 — posterior view. 38 — Phallus. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240345/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">34</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988DA2FD198664FD30" box="[238,268,656,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 45" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[218,1374,397,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1395,375,1912]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 45. Ascra flavoscutellata n. sp. 39 – 40 Metasternal process; 39 — ventral view; 40 — lateral view. 41 — Female, genital plates. 42 – 44 Male, pygophore; 42 — dorsal view; 43 — ventral view; 44 — posterior view. 45 — Phallus. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240346/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">41</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988C56FD198652FD30" box="[282,314,656,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 46 – 51" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1955,1978]" captionTargetBox="[187,1410,924,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[156,1431,883,1934]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 46 – 51. Ascra vluteum n. sp. 46 – 47 Metasternal process; 46 — ventral view; 47 — lateral view. 48 — Female, genital plates. 49 – 51 Male, pygophore; 49 — dorsal view; 50 — ventral view; 51 — posterior view. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240347/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">48</figureCitation>
). Thickening of vaginal intima elongate and narrow (
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988ED0FD068485FD30" box="[924,1005,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 − 8" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1793,1816]" captionTargetBox="[168,1411,210,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1769]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1 − 8. Ascra bifida (Say, 1832). 1 – 2 Metasternal process; 1 — ventral view; 2 — lateral view. 3 — Female, genital internal. 4 — Female, genital plates. 5 − 7 Male, pygophore; 5 — dorsal view; 6 — ventral view; 7 — posterior view. 8 — Phallus. (aaf—anterior anular flanges; ch— chitinellipsen; cs— capsula seminalis; dre— ductu receptaculi; dr—dorsal rim; gc 8 — gonocoxites 8; gc 9 — gonocoxite 9; la 8, laterotergites 8; la 9 — laterotergites 9; pa—paramere; paf—posterior anular flanges; pc—processes of capsula seminalis; pha— Phallus; pi— pars intermedialis; pla—posterolateral angle; pph—process of Phallus; pvr—projections ventral rim; sp—superior process; tiv—thickening of vaginal intima; vs—vesica; vr—ventral rim; VII—tergite VII; X (female) — abdominal segment X; X (male) — Proctiger. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240341/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988EB7FD198370FD30" box="[1019,1048,656,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 16" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[201,1396,222,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[173,1413,195,1774]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 16. Ascra cordifera Walker, 1868. 9 – 10 Metasternal process; 9 — ventral view; 10 — lateral view. 11 — Female, genital internal. 12 — Female, genital plates. 13 – 15 Male, pygophore; 13 — dorsal view; 14 — ventral view; 15 — posterior view. 16 – Phallus. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240342/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">11</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF98896AFD19832CFD30" box="[1062,1092,656,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 24" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[179,1411,392,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[158,1428,373,1926]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 24. Ascra championi Distant, 1881. 17 – 18 Metasternal process; 17 — ventral view; 18 — lateral view. 19 — Female, genital internal. 20 — Female, genital plates. 21 – 23 Male, pygophore; 21 — dorsal view; 22 — ventral view; 23 — posterior view. 24 − Phallus. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240343/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">19</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF98891EFD198319FD30" box="[1106,1137,656,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 38" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1949,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1407,475,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,441,1928]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 38. Ascra abdita Distant, 1890. 31 – 32 Metasternal process; 31 — ventral view; 32 — lateral view. 33 — Female, genital internal. 34 — Female, genital plates. 35 – 37 Male, pygophore; 35 — dorsal view; 36 — ventral view; 37 — posterior view. 38 — Phallus. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240345/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">33</figureCitation>
). Anterior annular flanges translucid and convergent. 
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988C82FD3C85C8FD55" box="[462,672,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Pars intermedialis</emphasis>
subcylindrical to globose (
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988E90FD3D8346FD54" box="[988,1070,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 − 8" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1793,1816]" captionTargetBox="[168,1411,210,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1769]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1 − 8. Ascra bifida (Say, 1832). 1 – 2 Metasternal process; 1 — ventral view; 2 — lateral view. 3 — Female, genital internal. 4 — Female, genital plates. 5 − 7 Male, pygophore; 5 — dorsal view; 6 — ventral view; 7 — posterior view. 8 — Phallus. (aaf—anterior anular flanges; ch— chitinellipsen; cs— capsula seminalis; dre— ductu receptaculi; dr—dorsal rim; gc 8 — gonocoxites 8; gc 9 — gonocoxite 9; la 8, laterotergites 8; la 9 — laterotergites 9; pa—paramere; paf—posterior anular flanges; pc—processes of capsula seminalis; pha— Phallus; pi— pars intermedialis; pla—posterolateral angle; pph—process of Phallus; pvr—projections ventral rim; sp—superior process; tiv—thickening of vaginal intima; vs—vesica; vr—ventral rim; VII—tergite VII; X (female) — abdominal segment X; X (male) — Proctiger. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240341/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988970FD3D8331FD54" box="[1084,1113,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 16" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[201,1396,222,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[173,1413,195,1774]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 16. Ascra cordifera Walker, 1868. 9 – 10 Metasternal process; 9 — ventral view; 10 — lateral view. 11 — Female, genital internal. 12 — Female, genital plates. 13 – 15 Male, pygophore; 13 — dorsal view; 14 — ventral view; 15 — posterior view. 16 – Phallus. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240342/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">11</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988924FD3D83EEFD54" box="[1128,1158,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 24" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[179,1411,392,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[158,1428,373,1926]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 24. Ascra championi Distant, 1881. 17 – 18 Metasternal process; 17 — ventral view; 18 — lateral view. 19 — Female, genital internal. 20 — Female, genital plates. 21 – 23 Male, pygophore; 21 — dorsal view; 22 — ventral view; 23 — posterior view. 24 − Phallus. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240343/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">19</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF9889D9FD3D83DCFD54" box="[1173,1204,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 38" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1949,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1407,475,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,441,1928]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 38. Ascra abdita Distant, 1890. 31 – 32 Metasternal process; 31 — ventral view; 32 — lateral view. 33 — Female, genital internal. 34 — Female, genital plates. 35 – 37 Male, pygophore; 35 — dorsal view; 36 — ventral view; 37 — posterior view. 38 — Phallus. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240345/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">33</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988987FD3D82F4FD55" box="[1227,1436,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Capsula seminalis</emphasis>
globose with two or three short digitiform projections not surpassing posterior annular flanges (
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF98898EFD5E8278FD68" box="[1218,1296,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 − 8" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1793,1816]" captionTargetBox="[168,1411,210,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1769]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1 − 8. Ascra bifida (Say, 1832). 1 – 2 Metasternal process; 1 — ventral view; 2 — lateral view. 3 — Female, genital internal. 4 — Female, genital plates. 5 − 7 Male, pygophore; 5 — dorsal view; 6 — ventral view; 7 — posterior view. 8 — Phallus. (aaf—anterior anular flanges; ch— chitinellipsen; cs— capsula seminalis; dre— ductu receptaculi; dr—dorsal rim; gc 8 — gonocoxites 8; gc 9 — gonocoxite 9; la 8, laterotergites 8; la 9 — laterotergites 9; pa—paramere; paf—posterior anular flanges; pc—processes of capsula seminalis; pha— Phallus; pi— pars intermedialis; pla—posterolateral angle; pph—process of Phallus; pvr—projections ventral rim; sp—superior process; tiv—thickening of vaginal intima; vs—vesica; vr—ventral rim; VII—tergite VII; X (female) — abdominal segment X; X (male) — Proctiger. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240341/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988851FD518252FD68" box="[1309,1338,728,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 16" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[201,1396,222,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[173,1413,195,1774]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 16. Ascra cordifera Walker, 1868. 9 – 10 Metasternal process; 9 — ventral view; 10 — lateral view. 11 — Female, genital internal. 12 — Female, genital plates. 13 – 15 Male, pygophore; 13 — dorsal view; 14 — ventral view; 15 — posterior view. 16 – Phallus. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240342/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">11</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF98880AFD51820CFD68" box="[1350,1380,728,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 24" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[179,1411,392,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[158,1428,373,1926]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 24. Ascra championi Distant, 1881. 17 – 18 Metasternal process; 17 — ventral view; 18 — lateral view. 19 — Female, genital internal. 20 — Female, genital plates. 21 – 23 Male, pygophore; 21 — dorsal view; 22 — ventral view; 23 — posterior view. 24 − Phallus. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240343/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">19</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF98883CFD5182E7FD68" box="[1392,1423,728,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 38" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1949,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1407,475,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,441,1928]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 38. Ascra abdita Distant, 1890. 31 – 32 Metasternal process; 31 — ventral view; 32 — lateral view. 33 — Female, genital internal. 34 — Female, genital plates. 35 – 37 Male, pygophore; 35 — dorsal view; 36 — ventral view; 37 — posterior view. 38 — Phallus. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240345/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">33</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336C9D71DFF988D8BFD7586C4FC3D" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
Male genitalia. Pygophore. Rectangular (
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988FD1FD758587FC8D" box="[669,751,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 − 8" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1793,1816]" captionTargetBox="[168,1411,210,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1769]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1 − 8. Ascra bifida (Say, 1832). 1 – 2 Metasternal process; 1 — ventral view; 2 — lateral view. 3 — Female, genital internal. 4 — Female, genital plates. 5 − 7 Male, pygophore; 5 — dorsal view; 6 — ventral view; 7 — posterior view. 8 — Phallus. (aaf—anterior anular flanges; ch— chitinellipsen; cs— capsula seminalis; dre— ductu receptaculi; dr—dorsal rim; gc 8 — gonocoxites 8; gc 9 — gonocoxite 9; la 8, laterotergites 8; la 9 — laterotergites 9; pa—paramere; paf—posterior anular flanges; pc—processes of capsula seminalis; pha— Phallus; pi— pars intermedialis; pla—posterolateral angle; pph—process of Phallus; pvr—projections ventral rim; sp—superior process; tiv—thickening of vaginal intima; vs—vesica; vr—ventral rim; VII—tergite VII; X (female) — abdominal segment X; X (male) — Proctiger. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240341/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988FB1FD758473FC8C" box="[765,795,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 16" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[201,1396,222,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[173,1413,195,1774]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 16. Ascra cordifera Walker, 1868. 9 – 10 Metasternal process; 9 — ventral view; 10 — lateral view. 11 — Female, genital internal. 12 — Female, genital plates. 13 – 15 Male, pygophore; 13 — dorsal view; 14 — ventral view; 15 — posterior view. 16 – Phallus. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240342/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">13</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988E65FD75842FFC8C" box="[809,839,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 24" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[179,1411,392,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[158,1428,373,1926]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 24. Ascra championi Distant, 1881. 17 – 18 Metasternal process; 17 — ventral view; 18 — lateral view. 19 — Female, genital internal. 20 — Female, genital plates. 21 – 23 Male, pygophore; 21 — dorsal view; 22 — ventral view; 23 — posterior view. 24 − Phallus. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240343/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">21</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988E19FD75841BFC8C" box="[853,883,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 45" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[218,1374,397,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1395,375,1912]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 45. Ascra flavoscutellata n. sp. 39 – 40 Metasternal process; 39 — ventral view; 40 — lateral view. 41 — Female, genital plates. 42 – 44 Male, pygophore; 42 — dorsal view; 43 — ventral view; 44 — posterior view. 45 — Phallus. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240346/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">42</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988ECDFD7584F6FC8C" box="[897,926,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURES 46 – 51" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1955,1978]" captionTargetBox="[187,1410,924,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[156,1431,883,1934]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 46 – 51. Ascra vluteum n. sp. 46 – 47 Metasternal process; 46 — ventral view; 47 — lateral view. 48 — Female, genital plates. 49 – 51 Male, pygophore; 49 — dorsal view; 50 — ventral view; 51 — posterior view. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240347/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">49</figureCitation>
) or trapezoidal (
<figureCitation id="13372A4CD71DFF988913FD7583DAFC8D" box="[1119,1202,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 38" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1949,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1407,475,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,441,1928]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 38. Ascra abdita Distant, 1890. 31 – 32 Metasternal process; 31 — ventral view; 32 — lateral view. 33 — Female, genital internal. 34 — Female, genital plates. 35 – 37 Male, pygophore; 35 — dorsal view; 36 — ventral view; 37 — posterior view. 38 — Phallus. (Scale = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240345/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
) and yellow to dark brown. Dorsal rim brown to dark brown and usually punctate. Posterolateral angles rounded and punctate. Superior process of genital cup absent (just in some species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988FB4FCCD8427FCC5" box="[760,847,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="privata">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988FB4FCCD8427FCC5" bold="true" box="[760,847,836,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">privata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group) or small, narrow, black, slightly curved, and tumid. Lateral face of proctiger with a tuft of setae on an excavated area. Pygophore densely punctate on distal half or 2/3 of ventral surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3166542D71DFF988D8BFC268247FACC" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB336C9D71DFF988D8BFC268247FACC" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988D8BFC268620FC50" bold="true" box="[199,328,943,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Comments</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988C14FC3986F1FC5F" box="[344,409,944,967]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Ascra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988C14FC3986F1FC5F" box="[344,409,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Ascra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be identified by a combination of characters that may be primitive within 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988869FC2682F0FC50" box="[1317,1432,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Edessinae">Edessinae</taxonomicName>
, such as dense and large punctures on the thorax and abdomen, and humeral angles rounded not developed. Most of these characteristics are shared with subgenus 
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988F87FC7E8421FB88" box="[715,841,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Aceratodes</emphasis>
; both taxa share very short arms of the anterior bifurcation of the metasternal process and short antennae (compared with body length). But 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF9889ECFB95838AFBAB" box="[1184,1250,1052,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Ascra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF9889ECFB95838AFBAB" box="[1184,1250,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Ascra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the pronotal disk tumid instead of level; ventral surface of the pygophore densely punctate (usually in other species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988800FBB682F3FBC0" box="[1356,1435,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988800FBB682F3FBC0" box="[1356,1435,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Edessa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
punctures are distributed in a Y or V pattern even when densely distributed); and females with short digitiform projections of the 
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988C23FB0E8553FB38" box="[367,571,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">capsula seminalis</emphasis>
not surpassing posterior annular flanges (usually in other edessines these projections surpass annular flanges). Another characteristic, shared by 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988EE2FB258487FB5B" box="[942,1007,1196,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Ascra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988EE2FB258487FB5B" box="[942,1007,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Ascra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF98896AFB2583CCFB5D" box="[1062,1188,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Aceratodes</emphasis>
is both genera inhabit mainly open environs, natural or human-altered areas. However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988E30FB5984D5FB7F" box="[892,957,1232,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Ascra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988E30FB5984D5FB7F" box="[892,957,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Ascra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is almost completely restricted to Central 
<collectingCountry id="F31B7659D71DFF988DDBFB7D879FFA95" box="[151,247,1268,1293]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">America</collectingCountry>
whereas 
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988C2BFB7D868DFA95" box="[359,485,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Aceratodes</emphasis>
is distributed in South 
<collectingCountry id="F31B7659D71DFF988FB4FB7D8430FA95" box="[760,856,1268,1293]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">America</collectingCountry>
with only a few species crossing the Panamanian Isthmus. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B38D71DFF988DB1FA9E8612FAA8" author="Stal" box="[253,378,1303,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" refString="Stal, C. (1872) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till em forteckning ofver alla kittils kanda Hemiptera, Jemte systematiska meddelanden. 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-kademien Handlingar, N. F., 10 (4), 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="1872">Stål (1872)</bibRefCitation>
included in group 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988F00FA9185E6FAB7" box="[588,654,1304,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Ascra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988F00FA9185E6FAB7" box="[588,654,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Ascra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the species 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988E59FA9E8496FAA8" box="[789,1022,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiventris">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988E59FA9E8496FAA8" box="[789,1022,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Edessa punctiventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988978FA9083D6FAA8" box="[1076,1214,1305,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988978FA9083D6FAA8" box="[1076,1214,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">E. mexicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but neither species belong in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988C4BFAB58621FACB" box="[263,329,1340,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Ascra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988C4BFAB58621FACB" box="[263,329,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Ascra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and are not considered here. Both are related to the 
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988EDDFAB5837CFACD" bold="true" box="[913,1044,1340,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">pudibunda</emphasis>
species group of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988995FAB58240FACD" box="[1241,1320,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988995FAB58240FACD" box="[1241,1320,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Edessa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3166542D71DFF988D8BFAE984ADF9C8" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB336C9D71DFF988D8BFAE984ADF9C8" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988D8BFAE98661FAEF" box="[199,265,1376,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Ascra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988D8BFAE98661FAEF" box="[199,265,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Ascra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is clearly divisible into two groups of species based on morphological characteristics (basically related with punctuation of body and pygophore). The 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988FFCFA0D859EFA05" box="[688,758,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Pentatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifida">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988FFCFA0D859EFA05" bold="true" box="[688,758,1412,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">bifida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group is composed of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988918FA0D821CFA04" authority="Distant, 1890" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1890" box="[1108,1396,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdita">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988918FA0D83A8FA05" box="[1108,1216,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">A. abdita</emphasis>
(Distant, 1890)
</taxonomicName>
, A. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988DDBFA2E8600FA58" authority="Say, 1832" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1832" box="[151,360,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Pentatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifida">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988DDBFA2E87B1FA58" box="[151,217,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">bifida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B38D71DFF988DA6FA218609FA58" author="Say" box="[234,353,1448,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" refString="Say, T. (1832) New species of North American insects, found by Joseph Barabino, chiefly in Louisiana. School Press, New Harmony, Indiana, 16 pp." type="book" year="1832">Say, 1832</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988C30FA2185A5FA58" authority="Distant, 1881" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1881" box="[380,717,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="championi">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988C30FA21857CFA58" box="[380,532,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">A. championi</emphasis>
(Distant, 1881)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988F93FA21834CFA58" authority="Walker, 1868" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1868" box="[735,1060,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordifera">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988F93FA218404FA58" box="[735,876,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">A. cordifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B38D71DFF988E33FA2E8374FA58" author="Walker" box="[895,1052,1447,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" refString="Walker, F. (1868) Catalogue of the specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. British Museum, London, 180 pp." type="book" year="1868">Walker, 1868</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988974FA218206FA58" authority="Distant, 1881" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1881" box="[1080,1390,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petersii">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988974FA2183DBFA58" box="[1080,1203,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">A. petersii</emphasis>
(Distant, 1881)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF9888CDFA218558FA7D" authority="Santos &amp; Fernandes" authorityName="Santos &amp; Fernandes" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Ascra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavoscutellata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF9888CDFA218654FA7D" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">A. flavoscutellata</emphasis>
Santos &amp; Fernandes
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988F75FA458512FA7D" bold="true" box="[569,634,1484,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57A0D71DFF988F75FA458512FA7D" box="[569,634,1484,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988FF8FA448373FA7D" authority="Santos &amp; Fernandes" authorityName="Santos &amp; Fernandes" box="[692,1051,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Ascra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vluteum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988FF8FA448446FA7D" box="[692,814,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">A. vluteum</emphasis>
Santos &amp; Fernandes
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988968FA45830CFA7D" bold="true" box="[1060,1124,1484,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57A0D71DFF988968FA45830CFA7D" box="[1060,1124,1484,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
The 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF9889EDFA458390FA7D" box="[1185,1272,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="privata">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF9889EDFA458390FA7D" bold="true" box="[1185,1272,1484,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">privata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group (manuscript in preparation) is composed by 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988FC4FA7984CFF990" authority="Stal, 1872" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1872" box="[648,935,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersa">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988FC4FA798472F990" box="[648,794,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">A. conspersa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B38D71DFF988E66FA6684C8F990" author="Stal" box="[810,928,1519,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" refString="Stal, C. (1872) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till em forteckning ofver alla kittils kanda Hemiptera, Jemte systematiska meddelanden. 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-kademien Handlingar, N. F., 10 (4), 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="1872">Stål, 1872</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988EFFFA79839BF990" authority="Breddin, 1907" authorityName="Breddin" authorityYear="1907" box="[947,1267,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morbosa">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988EFFFA79835FF990" box="[947,1079,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">A. morbosa</emphasis>
(Breddin, 1907)
</taxonomicName>
, instead and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF9888C8FA7986FFF9B5" authority="Walker, 1868" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="privata">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF9888C8FA798780F9B4" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">A. privata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B38D71DFF988DBAF99D86E6F9B5" author="Walker" box="[246,398,1556,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" refString="Walker, F. (1868) Catalogue of the specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. British Museum, London, 180 pp." type="book" year="1868">Walker, 1868</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and four new species. Herein we discuss only the 
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988E82F99D8305F9B5" bold="true" box="[974,1133,1556,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988E82F99D837CF9B5" box="[974,1044,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Pentatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifida">bifida</taxonomicName>
species
</emphasis>
group. A key including all species from both groups will be presented in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD71DFF988FD7F9BE859AF9C8" box="[667,754,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="privata">
<emphasis id="B978EADBD71DFF988FD7F9BE859AF9C8" bold="true" box="[667,754,1591,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">privata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>