243 lines
28 KiB
XML
243 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.438.7922" ID-GBIF-Dataset="605395d2-06b4-40dd-9e78-298d47d0cc3b" ID-PMC="PMC4155725" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-438-57" ID-PubMed="25197219" ID-ZBK="65A5BAEC5E984029A740637590BD3126" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-438-57" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 438" ModsDocTitle="The ant genus Carebara Westwood (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): synonymisation of Pheidologeton Mayr under Carebara, establishment and revision of the C. polita species group" checkinTime="1451245393297" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fischer, Georg, Azorsa, Frank & Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2014" docId="D1A3E48BA434F7F7A115BDBBD07A567B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 438: 57-112" docOrigin="ZooKeys 438" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.438.7922" docTitle="Carebara urichi" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="89" masterDocId="FFF9FFE6FF8BFFBCBB482F1B88148979" masterDocTitle="The ant genus Carebara Westwood (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): synonymisation of Pheidologeton Mayr under Carebara, establishment and revision of the C. polita species group" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1668159261899" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The ant genus Carebara Westwood (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): synonymisation of Pheidologeton Mayr under Carebara, establishment and revision of the C. polita species group</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fischer, Georg</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Azorsa, Frank</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>438</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:end>112</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.438.7922</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.438.7922</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-438-57</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">65A5BAEC5E984029A740637590BD3126</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">65A5BAEC5E984029A740637590BD3126</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152055446" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D1A3E48BA434F7F7A115BDBBD07A567B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D1A3E48BA434F7F7A115BDBBD07A567B" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="28" pageNumber="85">
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="85" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="85">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Formicidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName authority="W. M. Wheeler" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara urichi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urichi">Carebara urichi (W.M. Wheeler)</taxonomicName>
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Figure 16
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="86" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Spelaeomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spelaeomyrmex urichi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urichi">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="86" start="start">Spelaeomyrmex</pageBreakToken>
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urichi
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</taxonomicName>
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W.M. Wheeler, 1922b: 9. Syntypes (11 minor workers) TRINIDAD: "Guacharo Cave" (F.M. Urich) [not examined].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Erebomyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erebomyrma urichi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urichi">Erebomyrma urichi</taxonomicName>
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(W.M. Wheeler):
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<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, EO" journalOrPublisher="Psyche (Camb.)" pageId="41" pageNumber="98" pagination="62 - 72" title="The Trinidad cave ant Erebomyrma (= Spelaeomyrmex) urichi (Wheeler), with a comment on cavernicolous ants in general." url="10.1155/1962/54863" volume="69" year="1962">Wilson 1962</bibRefCitation>
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: 63 (combination).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oligomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligomyrmex urichi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urichi">Oligomyrmex urichi</taxonomicName>
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(W.M. Wheeler):
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<bibRefCitation author="Ettershank, G" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology" pageId="38" pageNumber="95" pagination="73 - 171" title="A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton." url="10.1071/ZO9660073" volume="14" year="1966">Ettershank 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 124 (combination).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara urichi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urichi">Carebara urichi</taxonomicName>
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(W.M. Wheeler):
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<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, F" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="38" pageNumber="95" pagination="191 - 238" title="The American species of the myrmicine ant genus Carebara Westwood." volume="26" year="2004">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 205 (combination).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Erebomyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erebomyrma nevermanni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevermanni">Erebomyrma nevermanni</taxonomicName>
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(Mann): junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara urichi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urichi">Carebara urichi</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, F" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="38" pageNumber="95" pagination="191 - 238" title="The American species of the myrmicine ant genus Carebara Westwood." volume="26" year="2004">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 205. Type (1 minor worker): COSTA RICA: Hamburg Farm, Reventazon, Santa Clara (F. Nevermann) [not examined].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oligomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligomyrmex nevermanni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevermanni">Oligomyrmex nevermanni</taxonomicName>
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(Mann):
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<bibRefCitation author="Ettershank, G" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology" pageId="38" pageNumber="95" pagination="73 - 171" title="A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton." url="10.1071/ZO9660073" volume="14" year="1966">Ettershank 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 124 (combination).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Erebomyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erebomyrma nevermanni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevermanni">Erebomyrma nevermanni</taxonomicName>
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(Mann):
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<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, EO" journalOrPublisher="Insectes Sociaux" pageId="41" pageNumber="98" pagination="59 - 69" title="Caste and division of labor in Erebomyrma, a genus of dimorphic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)." url="10.1007/BF02224035" volume="33" year="1986">Wilson 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 61 (combination).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oligomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligomyrmex nevermanni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevermanni">Oligomyrmex nevermanni</taxonomicName>
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(Mann): Bolton 1995: 299 (combination).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Erebomyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erebomyrma morai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morai">Erebomyrma morai</taxonomicName>
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(Menozzi): junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara urichi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urichi">Carebara urichi</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, F" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="38" pageNumber="95" pagination="191 - 238" title="The American species of the myrmicine ant genus Carebara Westwood." volume="26" year="2004">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 205. Syntype (1 minor worker) COSTA RICA: S.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Josè">Jose</normalizedToken>
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(F.I. Tristan) [BMNH] [examined].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oligomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligomyrmex morai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morai">Oligomyrmex morai</taxonomicName>
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(Menozzi):
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<bibRefCitation author="Ettershank, G" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology" pageId="38" pageNumber="95" pagination="73 - 171" title="A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton." url="10.1071/ZO9660073" volume="14" year="1966">Ettershank 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 124 (combination).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Erebomyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erebomyrma morai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morai">Erebomyrma morai</taxonomicName>
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(Menozzi):
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Brandão">Brandao</normalizedToken>
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, 1991: 343 (combination).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oligomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligomyrmex morai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morai">Oligomyrmex morai</taxonomicName>
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(Menozzi): Bolton 1995: 299 (combination).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Erebomyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erebomyrma eidmanni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eidmanni">Erebomyrma eidmanni</taxonomicName>
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(Eidmann): attributed to Menozzi; junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara urichi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urichi">Carebara urichi</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, F" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="38" pageNumber="95" pagination="191 - 238" title="The American species of the myrmicine ant genus Carebara Westwood." volume="26" year="2004">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 205. BRAZIL: Mendes, 3.x.1933 (Eidmann) [types not examined].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oligomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligomyrmex eidmanni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eidmanni">Oligomyrmex eidmanni</taxonomicName>
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(Menozzi):
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<bibRefCitation author="Ettershank, G" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology" pageId="38" pageNumber="95" pagination="73 - 171" title="A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton." url="10.1071/ZO9660073" volume="14" year="1966">Ettershank 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 123 (combination).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Erebomyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erebomyrma eidmanni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eidmanni">Erebomyrma eidmanni</taxonomicName>
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(Menozzi):
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<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, EO" journalOrPublisher="Insectes Sociaux" pageId="41" pageNumber="98" pagination="59 - 69" title="Caste and division of labor in Erebomyrma, a genus of dimorphic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)." url="10.1007/BF02224035" volume="33" year="1986">Wilson 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 61 (combination).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oligomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligomyrmex eidmanni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eidmanni">Oligomyrmex eidmanni</taxonomicName>
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(Menozzi): Bolton 1995: 299 (combination).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="86" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">Antennae with eleven segments. Major worker: Head almost as long as wide to slightly longer, nearly subquadrate in full-face view, posterolateral corners rounded. Head with longitudinal striations, rugulae on the posterior side, propodeal spines absent or inconspicuous, petiolar ventral process large, digitiform and anteriorly directed, gaster covered by very abundant erect hairs. Minor worker: Head subrectangular, sides convex, posterior margin almost straight, posterolateral corners angulate, frons medially smooth and shiny, face with longitudinal rugulae and reticulations, propodeal spines short, acute-triangular and upwardly directed, metatibia with long, suberect hairs along outer edge, petiole anteroventrally with small, anteriorly-pointing tooth, gaster with relatively abundant, long, suberect or subdecumbent hairs.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
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Figure 16.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara urichi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urichi">Carebara urichi</taxonomicName>
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. Minor worker, CASENT0624080: A head in full-face view C body in profile E body in dorsal view. Major worker, CASENT0624077: B head in full-face view D body in profile F body in dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" type="description of major workers">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">Description of major workers.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">Measurements (n=4): HW 0.97-0.99 (0.98), HL 1.01-1.06 (1.04), SL 0.41-0.44 (0.43), MDL 0.53-0.54 (0.53), EL 0.08, WL 0.97-1.02 (0.99), PNH 0.53-0.57 (0.54), PNW 0.56-0.61 (0.58), MNH 0.64-0.68 (0.66), PDH 0.42-0.46 (0.45), PTL 0.42-0.46 (0.44), PPL 0.25-0.26 (0.26), PTH 0.35-0.38 (0.37), PPH 0.26-0.30 (0.28), PTW 0.31-0.35 (0.33), PPW 0.38-0.43 (0.41), PSL 0.11-0.14 (0.13), MFL 0.58-0.61 (0.60), MTL 0.44-0.46 (0.45), CI 93-95 (94), SI 43-44 (44), MDI 54-55 (55), EI 8-9 (8), FI 60-62 (61), PSLI 12-14 (13), LPpI 88-96 (91), DPpI 152-167 (161), PpWI 124-132 (127), PpLI 57-60 (58), PpHI 74-80 (77).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">Head slightly longer than wide (CI 93-95), in full-face view nearly subquadrate. Posterior margin of head with deep, V-shaped emargination, posterolateral corners rounded, sides subparallel and almost straight. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight, sides convex. Frontal carinae absent to inconspicuous. Antenna with eleven segments, scapes short and reaching to about midlength of head (SI 43-44). Eyes present, multi-faceted, and comparatively large (EI 8-9).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">In profile, promesonotum queen-like with moderately high pronotum, comparatively long scutum, and short scutellum, the latter slightly to strongly raised above convex to weakly convex dorsal outline of mesosoma. Promesonotal suture on dorsum present as broad impression, metanotum small and obliquely raised posteriorly. Propodeum higher than long in profile, with dorsal face oblique, declining posteriorly, propodeal spines and posterolateral lamella absent to reduced to slightly raised, posterior corners bluntly angulate, posterior declivity subvertical with well-developed lobe. Propodeal spiracle roundly convex and situated closer to dorsum of propodeum than to its center, not close to posterior declivity.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
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Petiole with relatively short peduncle, anteroventrally concave, with very conspicuous, short to relatively long, finger-like anterior process, posteroventrally convex, petiole node high, anteriorly oblique to weakly concave, posteriorly vertical and weakly concave, dorsum straight with a rounded angle anteriorly and a sharp right angle posteriorly. Postpetiole in profile squarish with rounded corners and lower than petiole (PpHI 74-80), with shallow, anteriorly angulate ventral process, anterior face almost vertical, dorsum almost straight and posterior face short and oblique. In dorsal view, petiole node much wider than long and anteroposteriorly flattened, anteriorly slightly convex, posterioly transverse and sharply marginate, postpetiole with wide, lamellate
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<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="87" start="start">processes</pageBreakToken>
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extending lateroventrally (PpWI 124-132), the node itself narrower than petiole and slightly wider than long, with convex sides, and anterior and posterior margins almost transverse.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="87">Mandibles smooth and shiny, laterally weakly striate and with scattered punctures. Clypeus smooth and shiny, with several weak lateral carinae. Sculpture on frons and anterior sides of head with strong, irregular rugae, posterior parts of face coarsely rugoreticulate, interspaces weakly to superficially punctate, ventral side of head with long, parallel, longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma mostly coarsely and very irregularly rugoreticulate with punctate ground sculpture, rugoreticulate sculpture can be reduced on lateral surfaces, anepisternum sometimes with smooth and shiny area posteriorly. Petiole node and postpetiole dorsally smooth and shiny to faintly punctate, gaster shagreened or superficially punctate. Head and body usually with abundant, erect to suberect hairs of varying length and shorter decumbent to suberect pilosity, scapes and tibiae with appressed to decumbent pilosity and long suberect to erect hairs along outer edge. Color reddish brown, appendages and gaster light brown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="30" pageNumber="87" type="description of minor workers">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="87">Description of minor workers.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="87">Measurements (n=5): HW 0.36-0.44 (0.40), HL 0.41-0.51 (0.46), SL 0.29-0.34 (0.32), MDL 0.23-0.29 (0.26), EL 0.02, WL 0.45-0.59 (0.53), PNH 0.17-0.22 (0.19), PNW 0.23-0.27 (0.25), MNH 0.25-0.31 (0.28), PDH 0.17-0.22 (0.19), PTL 0.15-0.18 (0.16), PPL 0.11-0.12 (0.11), PTH 0.09-0.11 (0.10), PPH 0.08-0.09 (0.08), PTW 0.07-0.08 (0.08), PPW 0.08-0.10 (0.09), PSL 0.07-0.08 (0.07), MFL 0.30-0.39 (0.34), MTL 0.26-0.32 (0.29), CI 86-88 (87), SI 76-91 (81), MDI 62-66 (65), EI 4-6 (5), FI 80-91 (84), PSLI 17-19 (18), LPpI 139-160 (147), DPpI 69-81 (75), PpWI 109-122 (115), PpLI 67-80 (71), PpHI 71-83 (77).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="87">Head almost as wide as long (CI 93-95), posterior margin nearly straight to weakly concave, sides convex. Mandible with four well-defined teeth, apical and preapical tooth larger than others. Anterior margin of clypeus very weakly concave, at each side with a triangular tooth. Frontal carinae moderately long, sometimes reaching posterior third of head. Antenna with eleven segments, scape short and reaching about 6/7 towards posterior margin of head (SI 76-91). Eyes consisting of one ommatidium (EI 4-6).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="87">In profile, dorsum of promesonotum weakly convex, anteriorly sharply marginate and right-angled, posteriorly curving slightly downwards toward widely, but shallowly impressed metanotal groove. Dorsum of propodeum convex, softly declining posteriorly and slightly shorter than posterior declivity, anterodorsal corner convex, propodeal spines relatively short, acute (PSLI 14-15) and lamellate, lamella proceeding ventrally, ending in large propodeal lobes. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated close to base of spines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="30" pageNumber="87">
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Petiole in profile with peduncle about as long as petiole node, anteroventrally concave, with small, acute, anteriorly pointing ventral process, posteroventrally weakly convex, petiole node low and dorsally rounded. Postpetiole in profile dorsally convex, ventrally almost straight, on average 1.5 times longer than high (LPpI 139-160), lower than petiole (PpHI 71-83). In dorsal view, petiole node almost as wide as long, anteriorly roundly convex,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="88" start="start">posteriorly</pageBreakToken>
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nearly straight or weakly convex, postpetiole longer than wide (DPpI 69-81), slightly wider than petiole (PpWI 109-122), anteriorly tapering and posteriorly weakly concave. Gaster slender in dorsal view, its anterior margin straight to faintly convex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="31" pageNumber="88">
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Mandibles, clypeus and center of frons smooth and shiny, remainder of face coarsely rugoreticulate, with scattered punctures. Promesonotum dorsally with several irregular longitudinal rugae, interspaces superficially punctate to smooth, remainder of mesosoma alveolate, alveolae on basal lateropronotum sometimes strongly effaced.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="32" pageNumber="89" start="start">Gaster</pageBreakToken>
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and dorsum of petiole and postpetiole smooth and shiny, remainder of waist segments weakly alveolate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="89">Head and body with long, suberect to erect hairs and shorter subdecumbent to decumbent pilosity. Scapes and tibiae with decumbent to subdecumbent pilosity, the latter with longer suberect hairs along outer edge. Color orange to dark orange with lighter colored antennae, legs and gaster.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="89" type="distribution and biology">
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="89">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara urichi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urichi">Carebara urichi</taxonomicName>
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is widespread in the Neotropical Region and was found in Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Suriname and Trinidad, mainly in rainforest and cloudforest and at elevations ranging from 20-1470 m. Individuals and nest series were collected from the leaf-litter using Winkler sifting.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="89" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="89">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara urichi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urichi">Carebara urichi</taxonomicName>
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can be confused with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara brevipilosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipilosa">Carebara brevipilosa</taxonomicName>
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, but is easily separated by the sculpture on the dorsal promesonotum, which is irregularly longitudinally rugose to rugoreticulate with few irregular longitudinal rugae in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara urichi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urichi">Carebara urichi</taxonomicName>
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minor workers and weakly to superficially reticulate or with few very short rugulae in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara brevipilosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipilosa">Carebara brevipilosa</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara urichi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urichi">Carebara urichi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara brevipilosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipilosa">Carebara brevipilosa</taxonomicName>
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are the only two species in the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara polita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polita">Carebara polita</taxonomicName>
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group recorded for the Neotropical Region.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="89" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="89">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="89">COSTA RICA: Heredia, La Selva Biol. Sta., 50m, 23.xi.1999 (Project ALAS); Limon, 3 km SSE Cahuita, 70m, 24.xii.1983 (P.S. Ward); PANAMA: Barro Colorado, ix.1941 (J.A.S. Zetek).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |