188 lines
21 KiB
XML
188 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3E01366FA69AA2FACB2B9A98876D4BDC">Cercopithecidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B70945DA770779256F72DEE801856373">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AEE6610835C5DE9748FA4D4A818F26A5">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EA8B5580404F83835C4B96F26F75B613">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="B9D2CF856756373766CDB4D64877EC6A">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="FAF661E645B2D67A71BCF4D0525D1E72">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:title id="DC5AC692D99C62DB938A17AC3EA7508F">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CE199B17FF9BFF9FFA9A629DFC13FE72" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6863394" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197824747" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6863394" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE199B17FF9BFF9FFA9A629DFC13FE72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE199B17FF9BFF9FFA9A629DFC13FE72" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="719" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EFA9A629DF9A5F847" box="[1475,1554,1933,1979]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EFA9A629DF9A5F847" blockId="90.[1470,2434,1933,2062]" box="[1475,1554,1933,1979]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF9BFF9EFA9A629DF9A5F847" box="[1475,1554,1933,1979]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<figureCitation id="DE8B3684FF9BFF9EFA9A629DF9A5F847" box="[1475,1554,1933,1979]" captionStart="Plate 47: Cercopithecidae" captionStartId="87.[100,130,3411,3432]" captionTargetBox="[13,2745,15,3644]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="5. 5- 6 kg ( females ). The Sabah Grizzled Languris gray above and below, except white belly and inner surfaces of limbs, contrasting with black on hands and feet. Crown is gray, with a tall black crest on back of head and two frontal whorls. Facial skin is red- dish, with bluish lips and a pair of distinct black spots on each side of the face, between eyes and mouth — a pattern sometimes seen in more contrastingly colored individuals of Hose’s Langur ( Presbytis hoset (null), 6. [MISSING], 7. [MISSING], 8. [MISSING], 9. [MISSING], 10. [MISSING], 11. [MISSING], 12. [MISSING], 13. [MISSING], 14. [MISSING], 15. [MISSING], 16. [MISSING], 17. [MISSING], 18. [MISSING], 19. [MISSING], 20. [MISSING], 21. [MISSING], 22. [MISSING], 23. [MISSING], 24. [MISSING], 25. [MISSING], 26. [MISSING], 27. [MISSING], 28. [MISSING], 29. [MISSING], 30. [MISSING], 31. [MISSING], 32. [MISSING], 33. [MISSING], 34. [MISSING], 35. [MISSING], 36. [MISSING], 37. [MISSING], 38. [MISSING], 39. [MISSING], 40. [MISSING], 41. [MISSING], 42. [MISSING], 43. [MISSING], 44. [MISSING], 45. [MISSING], 46. [MISSING], 47. [MISSING], 48. [MISSING], 49. [MISSING], 50. [MISSING], 51. [MISSING], 52. [MISSING], 53. [MISSING], 54. [MISSING], 55. [MISSING], 56. [MISSING], 57. [MISSING], 58. [MISSING], 59. [MISSING], 60. [MISSING], 61. [MISSING], 62. [MISSING], 63. [MISSING], 64. [MISSING], 65. [MISSING], 66. [MISSING], 67. [MISSING], 68. [MISSING], 69. [MISSING], 70. [MISSING], 71. [MISSING], 72. [MISSING], 73. [MISSING], 74. [MISSING], 75. [MISSING], 76. [MISSING], 77. [MISSING], 78. [MISSING], 79. [MISSING], 80. [MISSING], 81. [MISSING], 82. [MISSING], 83. [MISSING], 84. [MISSING], 85. [MISSING], 86. [MISSING], 87. [MISSING], 88. [MISSING], 89. [MISSING], 90. [MISSING], 91. [MISSING], 92. [MISSING], 93. [MISSING], 94. [MISSING], 95. [MISSING], 96. [MISSING], 97. [MISSING], 98. [MISSING], 99. [MISSING], 100. [MISSING], 101. [MISSING], 102. [MISSING], 103. [MISSING], 105. Javan Langur (Presbytis comata), 106. Banded Langur (Presbytis femoralis), 107. Cross-marked Langur (Presbytis chrysomelas), 108. White-fronted Langur (Presbytis frontata), 109. Hose’s Langur (Presbytis hosei), 110. Miller’s Langur (Presbytis canicrus), 111. Sabah Grizzled Langur (Presbytis sabana), 112. Black-crested Sumatran Langur (Presbytis melalophos), 113. Black-and-white Langur (Presbytis bicolor), 114. Black Sumatran Langur (Presbytis sumatrana), 115. Mitered Langur (Presbytis mitrata)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867463/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">113.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EF97A629DF7A4F847" box="[1571,2067,1933,1979]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EF97A629DF7A4F847" blockId="90.[1470,2434,1933,2062]" box="[1571,2067,1933,1979]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF9BFF9EF97A629DF7A4F847" box="[1571,2067,1933,1979]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF9BFF9EF97A629DF7A4F847" box="[1571,2067,1933,1979]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Black-and-white Langur</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EF70C629DF6DEF847" box="[2133,2409,1933,1979]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EF70C629DF6DEF847" blockId="90.[1470,2434,1933,2062]" box="[2133,2409,1933,1979]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF9BFF9EF70C629DF6DEF847" box="[2133,2409,1933,1979]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF9BFF9EF70C629DF6DEF847" ID-CoL="6W99P" baseAuthorityName="Aimi & Bakar" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[2133,2409,1933,1979]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EF70C629DF6DEF847" box="[2133,2409,1933,1979]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Presbytis bicolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EFA9962DDF637F7F5" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EFA9962DDF6E7F81E" blockId="90.[1470,2434,1933,2062]" box="[1472,2384,1997,2018]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF9BFF9EFA9962DDF6E7F81E" box="[1472,2384,1997,2018]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EFA9962DDF9BAF81E" bold="true" box="[1472,1549,1997,2018]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF9BFF9EF94F62DDF918F81E" box="[1558,1711,1997,2018]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Langur bicolore</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EF99A62DDF8A8F81E" bold="true" box="[1731,1823,1997,2018]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF9BFF9EF87162DDF7FDF81E" box="[1832,2122,1997,2018]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">SchwarzweiRer Kammlangur</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EF70762DDF70EF81E" bold="true" box="[2142,2233,1997,2018]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF9BFF9EF79D62DDF6E7F81E" box="[2244,2384,1997,2018]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Langur bicolor</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EFAE662E4F637F7F5" blockId="90.[1470,2434,1933,2062]" box="[1471,2432,2036,2057]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF9BFF9EFAE662E4F637F7F5" box="[1471,2432,2036,2057]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EFAE662E4F901F7F5" bold="true" box="[1471,1718,2036,2057]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF9BFF9EF99962E4F80CF7F5" box="[1728,1979,2036,2057]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Bicolored Banded Langur</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF9BFF9EF89062E4F77FF7F5" box="[1993,2248,2036,2057]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Bicolored Mitered Langur</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF9BFF9EF78C62E4F637F7F5" box="[2261,2432,2036,2057]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Sumatran Langur</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EF7716D29F6B7F782" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EF7716D29F6B7F782" blockId="90.[2088,2677,2105,2528]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EF7716D29F774F7AA" bold="true" box="[2088,2243,2105,2134]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF9BFF9EF7896D29F74DF782" ID-CoL="6W99P" authority="Aimi & Bakar, 1992" authorityName="Aimi & Bakar" authorityYear="1992" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="melalophos" subSpecies="bicolor">Presbytis melalophos bicolor Aimi & Bakar, 1992</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EF64B6D71F759F733" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EF64B6D71F759F733" blockId="90.[2088,2677,2105,2528]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<materialsCitation id="F6D8205CFF9BFF9EF64B6D71F759F733" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864421394" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Batang Kering 0° 50° S, 101° 23° E, 14 km north of Kiliranjao, West Sumatra.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EF7706DC9F701F5F5" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EF7706DC9F701F5F5" blockId="90.[2088,2677,2105,2528]" lastBlockId="90.[1472,2682,2536,3474]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF9BFF9EF7706DC9F715F70A" box="[2089,2210,2265,2294]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">P. bicolor</taxonomicName>
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is aligned with
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF9BFF9EF6CB6DC9F5F7F70A" authorityName="Raffles" authorityYear="1821" box="[2450,2624,2265,2294]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melalophos">P. melalophos</taxonomicName>
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on the basis of similarity of vocalizations and genetics but with
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF9BFF9EF6706C32F60BF6BF" baseAuthorityName="Martin" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[2345,2492,2338,2371]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="femoralis">P. femoralis</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF9BFF9EF6A96C32F7FEF696" baseAuthorityName="Muller & Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siamensis">P. siamensis</taxonomicName>
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based on pelage color. It is separated from
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF9BFF9EF72F6C60F6A9F66D" authorityName="Raffles" authorityYear="1821" box="[2166,2334,2416,2449]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melalophos">P. melalophos</taxonomicName>
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by the middle and lower Batang Hari River (although intergrading with it in foothills to the west), and from
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF9BFF9EFA996CF8F9EFF5F5" baseAuthorityName="Muller & Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1472,1624,2536,2569]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siamensis">P. siamensis</taxonomicName>
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by the middle Inderagiri River. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EFA996F1FF827F5A4" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="distribution">
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<caption id="12CF7A89FF9BFF9EFA996F1FF827F5A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6867329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867329/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" targetBox="[1475,2056,2117,2524]" targetPageId="90">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EFA996F1FF827F5A4" blockId="90.[1472,2682,2536,3474]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EFA996F1FF9C7F5CC" bold="true" box="[1472,1648,2575,2608]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Distribution.</emphasis>
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EC Sumatra, from the Inderagiri River in the N to the Batang Hari River in the S, mainly in the highlands.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EFA996F72F7D0F46F" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="description">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EFA996F72F7D0F46F" blockId="90.[1472,2682,2536,3474]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EFA996F72F90BF583" bold="true" box="[1472,1724,2658,2687]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 33-35.4 cm (males) and 33.9-38.2 cm (females), tail 64-72.5 cm (males) and 66-84 cm (females); weight 4.9-7.2 kg (males) and 5-1-8:5 kg (females). Main body color of the Black-and-white Langur is dark chocolate, extending down outer surfaces of arms. Upperpart of tail and outer surfaces of hindlimbs, hands, and feet are black. Throat, underside, inner surfaces of limbs, and undersurfaces oftail are white. Crest on crown has a black median stripe and a black tip. There is a black fringe of hair over forehead. Circumocular region is gray or bluishgray, muzzle is black, and chin is pinkish or gray.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EFA986E89F8DFF446" box="[1473,1896,2969,3002]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EFA986E89F8DFF446" blockId="90.[1472,2682,2536,3474]" box="[1473,1896,2969,3002]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EFA986E89F987F446" bold="true" box="[1473,1584,2969,3002]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Mainly hill rainforest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EFA986ED0F70EF3F5" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EFA986ED0F70EF3F5" blockId="90.[1472,2682,2536,3474]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EFA986ED0F971F41D" bold="true" box="[1473,1734,3008,3041]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The diet of the Black-and-white Langur probably consists of young leaves, unripe fruits, flowers, mature leaves, and seeds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EFA98691FF803F3A4" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EFA98691FF803F3A4" blockId="90.[1472,2682,2536,3474]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EFA98691FF9F0F3CC" bold="true" box="[1473,1607,3087,3120]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Newborn Black-and-white Langurs are whitish-gray with a thick, dark dorsal stripe, and no shoulder cross-stripe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EFA99694EF621F383" box="[1472,2454,3166,3199]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EFA99694EF621F383" blockId="90.[1472,2682,2536,3474]" box="[1472,2454,3166,3199]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EFA99694EF91CF383" bold="true" box="[1472,1707,3166,3199]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Black-and-white Langur is diurnal and arboreal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EFA9B6995F99AF30A" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EFA9B6995F99AF30A" blockId="90.[1472,2682,2536,3474]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EFA9B6995F73CF35A" bold="true" box="[1474,2187,3205,3238]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Like other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF9BFF9EF6936995F580F35A" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1821" box="[2506,2615,3205,3238]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Presbytis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the Black-and-white Langur likely lives in one-male groups and defends exclusive territories.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EFA9B69EBF6FEF26E" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EFA9B69EBF6FEF26E" blockId="90.[1472,2682,2536,3474]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EFA9B69EBF8ABF2E0" bold="true" box="[1474,1820,3323,3356]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Data Deficient on The [UCN Red List (as P. melolophos
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF9BFF9EF84F6832F8DAF2BF" box="[1814,1901,3362,3395]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The Black-and-white Langur is protected under Indonesian law. It occurs in Bukit Tigapuluh National Park. Further surveys and clarification are needed to assessits distribution and conservation status.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9AFF9FFF2F643AFC13FE72" pageId="91" pageNumber="719" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9AFF9FFF2F643AFC13FE72" blockId="91.[116,1319,298,404]" pageId="91" pageNumber="719">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9AFF9FFF2F643AFEA7FEC3" bold="true" box="[118,272,298,319]" pageId="91" pageNumber="719">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Aimi & Bakar (1992, 1996), Brandon-Jones (1999), Brandon-Jones et al. (2004), Davies et al. (1988), Fleagle (1977), Groves (2001), Kawamura (1984), Meyer, Hodges et al. (2012), Meyer, Rinaldi et al. (2011), Mukhtar et al. (1990), Nijman & Manullang (2008), Zingeser (1970).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |