277 lines
29 KiB
XML
277 lines
29 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BB8D5A5AAC9518D6F9822D2DF24368F9">Taxonomy and morphology of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with turfgrasses in North and South Carolina, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B6D3C0C22607FA9CCEA2C16213FAD438">Ye, Weimin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="46F429B3C284CA2DBA168386CE7D5F39">Tredway, Lane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="16BC8D13E2D327C4A87DD05DB53F0E76">Martin, Samuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number id="439212CD6CAA51A9CD668F1ACBDDF42D">3452</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B47487DD80158166F9F1FD5BFA941E9A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6171815" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119524575" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6171815" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B47487DD80158166F9F1FD5BFA941E9A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B47487DD80158166F9F1FD5BFA941E9A" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="74C7654080158166F9F1FD5BFE8F1824" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3C6236CB80158166F9F1FD5BFE0A19C5" blockId="5.[151,416,726,785]" box="[151,416,726,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="672A81A780158166F9F1FD5BFE0A19C5" bold="true" box="[151,416,726,752]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="FBDD4D4880158166F9F1FD5BFE0A19C5" box="[151,416,726,752]" class="Secernentea" family="Hoplolaimidae" genus="Hoplolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="galeatus">
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166F9F1FD5BFE0A19C5" bold="true" box="[151,416,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hoplolaimus galeatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C6236CB80158166F9F1FD74FE8F1824" blockId="5.[151,416,726,785]" box="[151,293,761,785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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(
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<figureCitation id="A4E62A4E80158166F9F9FD74FF481824" box="[159,226,761,785]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1623,1646]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,220,1585]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,219,1588]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Micrographs of Hoplolaimus galeatus, Scutellonema brachyurum and Helicotylenchus dihystera from turfgrasses in NC and SC. All scale bars = 20 μm. A. Pharyngeal region of H. galeatus. B. Vulval region of H. galeatus. C. Female tail of H. galeatus. D, E. Male tails of H. galeatus. F. Pharyngeal region of S. brachyurum. G. Vulval region of S. brachyurum. H. Female tail of S. brachyurum. I. Pharyngeal region of H. dihystera. J. Vulva and tail region of H. dihystera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210167/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A–E)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="74C7654080158166F9F1FCCCFE77186D" box="[151,477,832,857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3C6236CB80158166F9F1FCCCFE77186D" blockId="5.[151,1436,832,1455]" box="[151,477,832,857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166F9F1FCCCFEEC186C" bold="true" box="[151,326,833,857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Measurements</emphasis>
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. See
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<tableCitation id="715F037080158166F8E2FCCDFE73186D" box="[388,473,832,856]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1421,239,457]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Hoplolaimus galeatus: morphometrics of males and females mounted in formalin-glycerin. All measurements in μm and in the format: mean ± S. D. (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/68A2664380168165F9F1FF1AFD2A1BFA" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="68A2664380168165F9F1FF1AFD2A1BFA">Table 2</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="74C7654080158166F9A1FCE9FA941E9A" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3C6236CB80158166F9A1FCE9FA941E9A" blockId="5.[151,1436,832,1455]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166F9A1FCE9FE911849" bold="true" box="[199,315,868,892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="FBDD4D4880158166F824FCE9FD921849" box="[322,568,868,892]" class="Secernentea" family="Hoplolaimidae" genus="Hoplolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="galeatus">
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166F824FCE9FD921849" box="[322,568,868,892]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hoplolaimus galeatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described from soil at Arlington Farms, Arlington, Virginia,
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<collectingCountry id="44CA765B80158166FC71FCEEFAE5184E" box="[1303,1359,867,891]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">USA</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FC3BFCEEFF7918AA" author="Cobb" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Cobb, N. A. (1913) New nematode genera found inhabiting fresh water and non-brackish soils. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 3, 438." type="journal article" year="1913">Cobb 1913</bibRefCitation>
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). It has been reported from SC (
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<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FB5AFC0AFCAE18AA" author="Lewis" box="[572,772,903,927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Lewis, S. A., Drye, C. E., Saunders, J. A., Shipe, E. R. & Halbrendt, J. M. (1993) Plant-parasite nematodes on soybean in South Carolina. Supplement to Journal of Nematology, 25, 890 - 894." type="journal article" year="1993">
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Lewis
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166FBEFFC05FD1118AA" box="[649,699,903,927]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
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. 1993
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FA76FC0AFC7518AA" author="Martin" box="[784,991,903,927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Martin, S. B., Mueller, J. D., Saunders, J. A. & Jones, W. I. (1994) A survey of South Carolina cotton fields for plant parasitic nematodes. Plant Disease, 78, 717 - 719." type="journal article" year="1994">
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Martin
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166FA02FC05FC3F18AA" box="[868,917,903,927]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 1994
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FA8DFC0AFAA718AA" author="Koenning" box="[1003,1293,903,927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Koenning, S. R. & Barker, K. R. (1998) Survey of Heterodera glycines races and other plant-parasitic nematodes on soybean in North Carolina. Supplement to Journal of Nematology, 30, 569 - 576." type="journal article" year="1998">Koenning & Barker 1998</bibRefCitation>
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), NC (
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<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FC31FC0AFEBD18F7" author="Lucas" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Lucas, L. T., Blake, C. T. & Barker, K. R. (1974) Nematodes associated with bentgrass and bermudagrass golf greens in North Carolina. Plant Disease Reporter, 58, 822 - 824." type="journal article" year="1974">
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Lucas
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166F9F1FC26FF6118F7" box="[151,203,938,962]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
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. 1974
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</bibRefCitation>
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), Florida (
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<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166F8E9FC27FD8918F7" author="Crow" box="[399,547,938,962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Crow, W. T. (2005 b) Plant parasitic nematodes on golf course turf. Outlooks on Pest Management. February, 10 - 15." type="book chapter" year="2005" yearSuffix="b">Crow 2005b</bibRefCitation>
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), Kansas (
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<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FBFCFC27FC3118F7" author="Todd" box="[666,923,938,962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Todd, T. C. & Tisserat, N. A. (1990) Occurrence, spatial distribution, and pathogenicity of some phytoparasitic nematodes on creeping bentgrass putting greens in Kansas. Plant Disease, 74, 660 - 663." type="journal article" year="1990">Todd & Tisserat 1990</bibRefCitation>
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), Arkansas (
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<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FD4CFC27FAB818F7" author="Robbins" box="[1066,1298,938,962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Robbins, R. T., Riggs, R. D. & Von Steen, D. (1987) Results of annual phytoparasitic nematode surveys of Arkansas soybean fields, 1978 - 1986. Annals of Applied Nematology, 1, 50 - 55." type="journal article" year="1987">
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Robbins
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166FDF5FC26FB6D18F7" box="[1171,1223,938,962]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
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. 1987
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</bibRefCitation>
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), Tennessee (
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<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166F9F8FC40FEF318D0" author="Ponchillia" box="[158,345,973,997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Ponchillia, P. E. (1975) Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with burley tobacco in Tennessee. Plant Disease Reporter, 59, 219 - 220." type="journal article" year="1975">Ponchillia 1975</bibRefCitation>
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), Alabama (
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<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166F88DFC40FC3D18D0" author="Rodriguez-Kabana" box="[491,919,973,997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Rodriguez-Kabana, R. & Thurlow, D. L. (1980) Effect of Hoplolaimus galeatus and other nematodes on yield of selected soybean cultivars. Nematropica, 10, 130 - 138." type="journal article" year="1980">Rodriguez-Kabana & Thurlow 1980</bibRefCitation>
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), Minnesota (
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<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FD5CFC40FA3A18D0" author="Wallace" box="[1082,1424,973,997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Wallace, M. K. & MacDonald, D. H. (1979) Plant-parasitic nematodes in Minnesota apple orchards. Plant Disease Reporter, 63, 1063 - 1067." type="journal article" year="1979">Wallace & MacDonald 1979</bibRefCitation>
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), Virginia (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166F867FC7DFE6B1F3D" author="Niles" box="[257,449,1008,1032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Niles, R. K., Yoder, K. S. & Elliott, A. P. (1985) The effect of nematicide treatment on nematodes associated with non-bearing apple, 1981 - 1982. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests, 40, 93 - 94." type="journal article" year="1985">
|
||
Niles
|
||
<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166F820FC7CFED21F3D" box="[326,376,1008,1032]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 1985
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Maryland (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FB34FC7DFC251F3D" author="Feldmesser" box="[594,911,1008,1032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Feldmesser, J. & Golden, A. M. (1972) Control of nematodes damaging home lawngrasses in two counties in Maryland. Plant Disease Reporter, 56, 476 - 480." type="journal article" year="1972">Feldmesser & Golden 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Indiana (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FD60FC7DFB691F3D" author="Alby" box="[1030,1219,1008,1032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Alby, T., Ferris, J. M. & Ferris, V. R. (1983) Dispersion and distribution of Pratylenchus scribneri and Hoplolaimus galeatus in soybean fields. Journal of Nematology, 15, 418 - 426." type="journal article" year="1983">
|
||
Alby
|
||
<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166FD21FC7CFBD21F3D" box="[1095,1144,1008,1032]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1983
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Mississippi (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FC01FC7DFF781F1E" author="Bost" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Bost, S. C. (1985) Evaluation of nematicides for control of lesion and lance nematodes on grain sorghum, 1984. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests, 40, 98." type="journal article" year="1985">Bost 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Kentucky (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166F806FB9EFDBA1F1E" author="Chapman" box="[352,528,1043,1067]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Chapman, R. A. (1976) Population dynamics of Hoplolaimus galeatus in sod. Journal of Nematology, 8, 282." type="journal article" year="1976">Chapman 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Louisiana (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FBF8FB9EFC371F1E" author="McGawley" box="[670,925,1043,1068]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="McGawley, E. C., Winchell, K. L. & Berggren, G. T. (1984) Possible involvement of Hoplolaimus galeatus in a disease complex of ' centennial' soybean. Phytopathology, 74, 831." type="journal article" year="1984">
|
||
McGawley
|
||
<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166FA45FB98FCFE1F19" box="[803,852,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1984
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Illinois (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FD6BFB9EFB671F1E" author="Allen" box="[1037,1229,1043,1068]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Allen, J. B., Bond, J. P. & Schmidt, M. E. (2005) Incidence of Meloidogyne incognita and development of resistant soybean germplasm in Illinois. Plant Health Progress, 1 - 9." type="book chapter" year="2005">
|
||
Allen
|
||
<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166FD35FB98FB2E1F19" box="[1107,1156,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Michigan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FC3FFB9EFF781F7A" author="Olsen" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Olsen, L. G. (1983) Nematode control in concord grapes in Michigan, 1983. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests, 39, 91 - 92." type="journal article" year="1983">Olsen 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Texas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166F85CFBBAFDAC1F7A" author="Heald" box="[314,518,1079,1103]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Heald, C. M., Starr, J. L. & Robinson, A. F. (1991) Incidence of plant parasitic nematodes in some cotton-growing areas of the Brazos River. Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Conference, 1, 189." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Heald
|
||
<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166F8EEFBB5FE101F7A" box="[392,442,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Missouri (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FBF7FBBAFCD91F7A" author="Wrather" box="[657,883,1079,1103]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Wrather, J. A., Niblack, T. L. & Milam, M. R. (1992) Survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in Missouri cotton fields. Journal of Nematology, 24, 779 - 782." type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Wrather
|
||
<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166FB91FBB5FC801F7A" box="[759,810,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Iowa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FA99FBBAFB5B1F7A" author="Norton" box="[1023,1265,1079,1103]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Norton, D. C. & Hinz, P. (1976) Relationships of Hoplolaimus galeatus and Pratylenchus hexincisus to reduction of corn yields in sandy soils in Iowa. Plant Disease Reporter, 60, 197 - 200." type="journal article" year="1976">Norton & Hinz 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44CA765B80158166FC44FBBAFAF41F7A" box="[1314,1374,1079,1103]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This species has been reported in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44CA765B80158166F8B3FBD7FD9E1F47" box="[469,564,1114,1138]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FB24FBD7FD6C1F47" author="Singh" box="[578,710,1114,1138]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Singh, N. D. (1973) Preliminary report of plant parasitic nematodes associated with important crops in Trinidad. Nematropica, 3, 56 - 61." type="journal article" year="1973">Singh 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44CA765B80158166FBBCFBD7FCF91F47" box="[730,851,1114,1138]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FA07FBD7FBC01F47" author="Tarjan" box="[865,1130,1114,1138]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Tarjan, A. C. & Jimenez, M. F. (1973) Debilitation of cacao in Costa Rica by plant nematodes. Nematropica, 3, 25 - 28." type="journal article" year="1973">Tarjan & Jimenez 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44CA765B80158166FD1BFBD7FB471F47" box="[1149,1261,1114,1138]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FD9DFBD7FA3A1F47" author="Doucet" box="[1275,1424,1114,1138]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Doucet, M. E. (1980) Description of two new Peltamigratus species and of a Hoplolaimus galeatus population from Cordoba Province, Argentina. Nematologica, 26, 34 - 46." type="journal article" year="1980">Doucet 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44CA765B80158166F9F1FBF3FF611FA0" box="[151,203,1150,1173]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166F9BEFBF0FE1A1FA0" author="Ciancio" box="[216,432,1149,1173]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Ciancio, A., Farfan, V. V., Torres, E. C. & Grasso, G. (1998) Observations on a Pasteuria isolate parasitic on Hoplolaimus galeatus in Peru. Journal of Nematology, 30, 206 - 210." type="book chapter" year="1998">
|
||
Ciancio
|
||
<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166F851FBF3FEC21FA0" box="[311,360,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44CA765B80158166F8A2FBF0FDA21FA0" box="[452,520,1149,1173]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FB73FBF0FD741FA0" author="Torres" box="[533,734,1149,1173]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Torres, G. R. de C., Medeiros, H. A. de, Sales Junior, R. & Moura, R. M. de. (2007) Occurrence of Hoplolaimus galeatus associated to banana rhizosphere in the Brazil. Caatinga, 20, 113 - 117." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166FB03FBF3FD3E1FA0" box="[613,660,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44CA765B80158166FB97FBF0FCEB1FA0" box="[753,833,1149,1173]" name="Turkey" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FA28FBF0FBDB1FA0" author="Kepenekci" box="[846,1137,1149,1173]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Kepenekci, I. & Okten, M. E. (2000) New species nematoda fauna of the Turkiye belonging to Tylenchoidea and Hoplolaimoidea (Tylenchida: Nematoda) superfamilies and Hoplolaimus galeatus (Cobb, 1913) Thorne. Bitki Koruma Bulteni, 40, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2000">Kepenekci & Ökten 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44CA765B80158166FDE2FBF0FB491FA0" box="[1156,1251,1149,1173]" name="Pakistan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FD97FBF0FF7A1F8D" author="Goswami" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Goswami, S. P., Pathan, M. A., Jiskani, M. M., Wagan, K. H. & Khaskheli, M. I. (2008) Occurrence, population fluctuation and distribution of plant parasitic nematodes in ornamental plants in Sindh. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering, Veterinary Sciences, 24, 33 - 39." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Goswami
|
||
<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166FC02FBF3FA3F1FA0" box="[1380,1429,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44CA765B80158166F874FB2DFED31F8D" box="[274,377,1184,1208]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166F8EFFB2DFDDF1F8D" author="Nambiar" box="[393,629,1184,1208]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Nambiar, L., Quader, M. & Nobbs, J. M. (2008) First record of Hoplolaimus galeatus in Australia. Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 3, 145 - 146." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Nambiar
|
||
<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166F890FB2CFD831F8D" box="[502,553,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBDD4D4880158166FBEFFB2DFC281F8D" box="[649,898,1184,1208]" class="Secernentea" family="Hoplolaimidae" genus="Hoplolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="galeatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166FBEFFB2DFC281F8D" box="[649,898,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hoplolaimus galeatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeds and reproduces on a wide range of plant hosts. It can cause serious damage to cotton (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FBC2FB4EFC681FEE" author="Krusberg" box="[676,962,1219,1243]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Krusberg, L. R. & Sasser, J. N. (1956) Host-parasitic relationship of the lance nematode on cotton roots. Phytopathology, 46, 505 - 510." type="journal article" year="1956">Krusberg & Sasser 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FAB7FB4EFB1E1FEE" author="Wrather" box="[977,1204,1219,1244]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Wrather, J. A., Niblack, T. L. & Milam, M. R. (1992) Survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in Missouri cotton fields. Journal of Nematology, 24, 779 - 782." type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Wrather
|
||
<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166FD53FB48FBC31FE9" box="[1077,1129,1220,1244]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FDA4FB4EFA3D1FEE" author="Martin" box="[1218,1431,1219,1244]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Martin, S. B., Mueller, J. D., Saunders, J. A. & Jones, W. I. (1994) A survey of South Carolina cotton fields for plant parasitic nematodes. Plant Disease, 78, 717 - 719." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Martin
|
||
<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166FC7EFB48FAE61FE9" box="[1304,1356,1220,1244]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166F9F1FB6AFE131FCA" author="Gazaway" box="[151,441,1255,1279]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Gazaway, W. S. & Mclean, K. S. (2003) A survey of plant parasitic nematodes associated with cotton in Alabama. The Journal of Cotton Science, 7, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2003">Gazaway & Mclean 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), soybean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FB51FB6AFD541FCA" author="Lewis" box="[567,766,1255,1279]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Lewis, S. A., Drye, C. E., Saunders, J. A., Shipe, E. R. & Halbrendt, J. M. (1993) Plant-parasite nematodes on soybean in South Carolina. Supplement to Journal of Nematology, 25, 890 - 894." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Lewis
|
||
<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166FBE2FB65FD1F1FCA" box="[644,693,1255,1279]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FA6CFB6AFB801FCA" author="Koenning" box="[778,1066,1255,1279]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Koenning, S. R. & Barker, K. R. (1998) Survey of Heterodera glycines races and other plant-parasitic nematodes on soybean in North Carolina. Supplement to Journal of Nematology, 30, 569 - 576." type="journal article" year="1998">Koenning & Barker 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), banana (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FDF8FB65FACF1FCA" author="Torres" box="[1182,1381,1255,1279]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Torres, G. R. de C., Medeiros, H. A. de, Sales Junior, R. & Moura, R. M. de. (2007) Occurrence of Hoplolaimus galeatus associated to banana rhizosphere in the Brazil. Caatinga, 20, 113 - 117." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166FD8AFB65FAB71FCA" box="[1260,1309,1255,1279]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and corn (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166F9BFFA87FE671E17" author="Norton" box="[217,461,1290,1314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Norton, D. C. & Hinz, P. (1976) Relationships of Hoplolaimus galeatus and Pratylenchus hexincisus to reduction of corn yields in sandy soils in Iowa. Plant Disease Reporter, 60, 197 - 200." type="journal article" year="1976">Norton & Hinz 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is also considered to be an economically important pest of turfgrasses such as St. Augustine grass (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBDD4D4880158166F83DFAA0FD241E70" box="[347,654,1325,1349]" class="Adenophorea" family="Trichodoridae" genus="Sternotaphrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Triplonchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="secundatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166F83DFAA0FD241E70" box="[347,654,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sternotaphrum secundatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and bermudagrass (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBDD4D4880158166FA1FFAA0FBEF1E70" box="[889,1093,1325,1349]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cynodontidae" genus="Cynodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dactylon">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166FA1FFAA0FBEF1E70" box="[889,1093,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cynodon dactylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FD3BFAA0FA951E70" author="Henn" box="[1117,1343,1325,1349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Henn, R. A. & Dunn, R. A. (1989) Reproduction of Hoplolaimus galeatus and growth of seven St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) cultivars. Nematropica, 19, 81 - 87." type="journal article" year="1989">Henn & Dunn 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Giblin- Davis
|
||
<emphasis id="0EA9EAD980158166F9B9FADCFEA51E5D" box="[223,271,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1990, 1995). In this survey, this species was found in 22 counties in NC and SC. It was found with high prevalence in all three management zones (green, fairway and tee) and two grass species (bentgrass and zoysiagrass). The morphological characteristics agreed well with the population described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A80158166FDD4FA1AFA911E9A" author="Sher" box="[1202,1339,1431,1455]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Sher, S. A. (1963) Revision of the Hoplolaimidae (Nematoda). Il. Hoplolaimus Daday, 1905 and Aorolaimus n. gen. Nematologica, 9, 267 - 295." type="journal article" year="1963">Sher (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |