treatments-xml/data/8F/B5/EF/8FB5EFEB9FBD57E29E650DBDD24D97E2.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.94938" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2367-5365-45-315" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E5B91E93DB905CFF93FE3F2EDFC544D4" ID-ZooBank="A8BBBDA3D0C048B2B8C469E37531B762" ModsDocID="2367-5365-45-315" checkinTime="1669268527460" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mally, Richard, Aarvik, Leif, Karisch, Timm, Lees, David C. &amp; Malm, Tobias" docDate="2022" docId="8FB5EFEB9FBD57E29E650DBDD24D97E2" docLanguage="en" docName="NotaLepidopt 45: 315-353" docOrigin="Nota Lepidopterologica 45" docPubDate="2022-11-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.94938" docTitle="Udea ferrugalis" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="E5B91E93DB905CFF93FE3F2EDFC544D4" lastPageNumber="315" masterDocId="E5B91E93DB905CFF93FE3F2EDFC544D4" masterDocTitle="Revision of Afrotropical Udea Guenee in Duponchel, 1845, with description of five new species of the U. ferrugalis (Huebner, 1796) group (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae)" masterLastPageNumber="353" masterPageNumber="315" pageNumber="315" updateTime="1669268829441" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Revision of Afrotropical Udea Guenee in Duponchel, 1845, with description of five new species of the U. ferrugalis (Huebner, 1796) group (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mally, Richard</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5996-9471</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Forest Protection and Entomology, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic; mally @ fld. czu. cz</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mally@fld.czu.cz</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Aarvik, Leif</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0112-8837</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; leif. aarvik @ nhm. uio. no</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Karisch, Timm</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museum fuer Naturkunde und Vorgeschichte, Dessau, Germany; Timm. Karisch @ naturkunde. dessau. de</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Lees, David C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7580-8560</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Insects Division, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW 7 5 BD, London, UK; david. lees @ nhm. ac. uk</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Malm, Tobias</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden; tobias. malm @ nrm. se</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Nota Lepidopterologica</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-11-23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>45</mods:number>
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<mods:start>315</mods:start>
<mods:end>353</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.94938</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.94938</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8FB5EFEB9FBD57E29E650DBDD24D97E2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8FB5EFEB9FBD57E29E650DBDD24D97E2" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<taxonomicName LSID="8FB5EFEB-9FBD-57E2-9E65-0DBDD24D97E2" authority="(Huebner, 1796)" baseAuthorityName="Huebner" baseAuthorityYear="1796" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Udea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea ferrugalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugalis">
Udea ferrugalis (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
, 1796)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–5" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 5. Adults of Afrotropical Udea species. 1. U. delineatalis (Walker in Melliss 1875); a. ♂ (SDEI); b. cotype ♀ (NHMUK); 2. Phlyctaenia epicoena Meyrick, 1937 syn. nov. of U. ferrugalis (Huebner, 1796), paralectotype ♀ (NHMUK); 3. U. hageni Viette, 1952, ♂ (NHMO); 4. U. kirinyaga Mally, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (NHMO); 5. U. momella Mally, sp. nov., holotype ♂, abdomen removed (ZSM). Scale bar represents 5 mm, all specimens to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.94938.figures1-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/773284" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 11–20" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 11 - 20. Tympanal organs of Afrotropical Udea species and species removed from Udea. 11. U. delineatalis (Walker in Melliss 1875), ♂; 12. U. ferrugalis (Huebner, 1796), ♂; 13. U. hageni Viette, 1952, ♂; 14. U. kirinyaga Mally, sp. nov., ♂; 15. U. momella Mally, sp. nov., ♂; 16. U. nicholsae Mally, sp. nov., ♀; 17. U. meruensis Mally, sp. nov., ♂; 18. U. namaquana Karisch &amp; Mally, sp. nov., ♂; 19. Achyra melanostictalis (Hampson in Poulton 1916), ♀; 20. Lirabotys infuscalis (Zeller, 1852), ♂. Scale bar represents 500 μm, all figures to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.94938.figures11-20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/773286" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">, 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 21–23" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 21 - 23. Male genitalia of Udea species, with male genitalia (a), phallus (b), and posterior phallus with cornutus (c). 21. U. delineatalis (Walker in Melliss 1875); 22. U. ferrugalis (Huebner, 1796); 23. U. hageni Viette, 1852. Scale bars: 500 μm (21 a, b- 23 a, b); 100 μm (21 c- 23 c)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.94938.figures21-23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/773287" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">, 22</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 28–32" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 28 - 32. Female genitalia of Udea species and species removed from Udea. 28. U. delineatalis; 29. U. ferrugalis; 30. U. nicholsae Mally, sp. nov.; 31. U. namaquana Karisch &amp; Mally, sp. nov., including 7 th abdominal segment; 32. Achyra melanostictalis. Scale bar represents 500 μm, all figures to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.94938.figures28-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/773290" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">, 29</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1796" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyralis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyralis ferrugalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugalis">Pyralis ferrugalis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
, 1796: 27-28, pl. 9 fig. 54. Type locality: Hungary.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyralis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyralis ferruginalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginalis">Pyralis ferruginalis</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyralis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyralis ferruginalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Pyralis ferruginalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Rossi, 1794) (misspell.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyralis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyralis feruginalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feruginalis">Pyralis feruginalis</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyralis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyralis feruginalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feruginalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Pyralis feruginalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Taylor, 1951 (misspell.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Phlyctaenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phlyctaenia epicoena" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicoena">Phlyctaenia epicoena</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Phlyctaenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phlyctaenia epicoena" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicoena">Phlyctaenia epicoena</taxonomicName>
Meyrick, 1937 syn. nov. Type locality: DR of the Congo [Belgian Congo], Lubumbashi [Elisabethville].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chrétien" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pionea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pionea granjalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granjalis">Pionea granjalis</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chrétien" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pionea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pionea granjalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granjalis">Pionea granjalis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chrétien">Chretien</normalizedToken>
, 1925. Type locality: Spain.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Costantini" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pionea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pionea maculata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">Pionea maculata</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Costantini" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pionea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pionea maculata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">Pionea maculata</taxonomicName>
Costantini, 1923 (infrasubsp.). Type locality: Italy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Costantini" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pionea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pionea obsoleta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obsoleta">Pionea obsoleta</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Costantini" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pionea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pionea obsoleta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obsoleta">Pionea obsoleta</taxonomicName>
Costantini, 1923. Type locality: Italy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scopula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scopula hypatialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypatialis">Scopula hypatialis</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scopula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scopula hypatialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypatialis">Scopula hypatialis</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1859. Type locality: Sri Lanka [Ceylon].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scopula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scopula martialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martialis">Scopula martialis</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scopula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scopula martialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martialis">Scopula martialis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guenée">Guenee</normalizedToken>
, 1854. Type locality: Ethiopia [Abyssinie].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dufrane" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" form="fusca" genus="Udea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea martialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="form" species="martialis">Udea martialis fusca</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dufrane" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" form="fusca" genus="Udea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea martialis subsp. f." order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="form" species="martialis" subSpecies="f.">Udea martialis f. fusca</taxonomicName>
Dufrane, 1960. Type locality: France, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pyrénées">Pyrenees</normalizedToken>
, Lannemezan.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dufrane" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" form="pallida" genus="Udea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea martialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="form" species="martialis">Udea martialis pallida</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dufrane" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" form="pallida" genus="Udea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea martialis subsp. f." order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="form" species="martialis" subSpecies="f.">Udea martialis f. pallida</taxonomicName>
Dufrane, 1960. Type locality: Morocco, Rabat.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1835-01-05" collectingDateMax="1835-02-18" collectingDateMin="1835-01-05" collectorName="Meyr Det. K. Maes, Meyr. Det. K. Maes" determinerName="Meyrick E. Meyrick &amp; Det. K. Maes" location="Meyrick" municipality="Democratic Republic Of The Congo" specimenCount="♀" typeStatus="Paralectotypes">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<typeStatus>Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Phlyctaenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phlyctaenia epicoena" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicoena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Phlyctaenia epicoena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8FB5EFEB9FBD57E29E650DBDD24D97E2:0CD7E141F3FF0B7FC30125CF8440F2D4" municipality="Democratic Republic Of The Congo" name="Meyrick">Meyrick</location>
, 1937: 
<collectingMunicipality>Democratic Republic Of The Congo</collectingMunicipality>
• 
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
; &quot;Belgian Congo&quot; [DR Congo], 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Elisabethville”">&quot;Elisabethville&quot;</normalizedToken>
[Lubumbashi]; 
<collectingDate value="1835-02-18">18 Feb. 1835</collectingDate>
; &quot;Meyrick Coll. B.M. 1838-290.&quot;; &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Phlyctaenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phlyctaenia epicoena" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicoena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Phlyctaenia epicoena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
2/2 
<determinerName>Meyrick E. Meyrick</determinerName>
det. in Meyrick Coll.&quot;, &quot; 
<typeStatus>Paralectotype</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Phlyctaenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phlyctaenia epicoena" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicoena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Phlyctaenia epicoena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectorName>
Meyr 
<determinerName>Det. K.Maes</determinerName>
</collectorName>
1995&quot;; NHMUK014047387; NHMUK • 
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
; &quot;Belgian Congo&quot; [DR Congo], 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Elisabethville”">&quot;Elisabethville&quot;</normalizedToken>
[Lubumbashi]; 
<collectingDate value="1835-01-05">5 Jan. 1835</collectingDate>
; &quot;Meyrick Coll. B.M. 1938-290&quot;, &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Phlyctaenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phlyctaenia epicoena" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicoena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Phlyctaenia epicoena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
1/2 
<determinerName>Meyrick E. Meyrick</determinerName>
det. in Meyrick Coll.&quot;, &quot; 
<typeStatus>Paralectotype</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Phlyctaenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phlyctaenia epicoena" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicoena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Phlyctaenia epicoena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectorName>
Meyr. 
<determinerName>Det. K.Maes</determinerName>
</collectorName>
1995.&quot;; &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Phlyctaenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phlyctaenia epicoena" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicoena">Phlyctaenia epicoena</taxonomicName>
Meyr.&quot; [in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Meyrick’s">Meyrick's</normalizedToken>
handwriting]; NHMUK010921399, genitalia dissection number NHMUK010316679; NHMUK
</materialsCitation>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Additional material</emphasis>
: 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1949-09" collectingDateMax="1973-04-27" collectingDateMin="1949-09" collectorName="H. Politzar, Koch, Mally" country="SOUTH AFRICA" determinerName="Meyrick E. Meyrick &amp; Det. K. Maes" location="Karura Forest" municipality="Democratic Republic Of The Congo" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="3">
Kenya • 
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
; Kenia [Kenya], Kabete; 
<collectingDate value="1972-09-01" valueMax="1972-09-20" valueMin="1972-09-01">1-20 Sep. 1972</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName>H. Politzar</collectorName>
leg.; Mally genitalia dissection no. 1179; ZSM • 
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
; same data as for preceding; Mally genitalia dissection no. 1183; ZSM • 
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
; same data as for preceding; Mally genitalia dissection no. 1180; ZSM • 
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
; same data as for preceding; Mally genitalia dissection no. 1186; ZSM • 
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; Kenia [Kenya], Nairobi, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8FB5EFEB9FBD57E29E650DBDD24D97E2:C45163EFB9528B6A2657EAF5B509D968" country="SOUTH AFRICA" name="Karura Forest">Karura Forest</location>
; 
<collectingDate value="1973-04-24" valueMax="1973-04-27" valueMin="1973-04-24">24-27 Apr. 1973</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName>H. Politzar</collectorName>
leg.; Mally genitalia dissection no. 1184; ZSM • 
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; same data as for preceding; Mally genitalia dissection no. 1185; ZSM. - 
<collectingCountry name="South Africa">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; Transvaal, Mooisplaats, Bronkhorstspruitlist; 
<collectingDate value="1949-09">Sep. 1949</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName>Koch</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectorName>Mally</collectorName>
genitalia dissection no. 1176; ZSM • 
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; same data as for preceding; 
<collectorName>Mally</collectorName>
genitalia dissection no. 1177; ZSM
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Afrotropical realm</emphasis>
: Ascension Island, Botswana, Burundi, Cape Verde, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Oman, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réunion">Reunion</normalizedToken>
, Seychelles, South Africa, Sudan, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe (
<bibRefCitation author="Butler, AG" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="557 - 593" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97157page/669/mode/1up" refId="B8" refString="Butler, AG, 1894. On a collection of Lepidoptera from British East Africa, made by Dr. J. W. Gregory between the months of March and August, 1893. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894: 557 - 593, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97157page/669/mode/1up" title="On a collection of Lepidoptera from British East Africa, made by Dr. J. W. Gregory between the months of March and August, 1893." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97157page/669/mode/1up" volume="1894" year="1894">Butler 1894</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939808677946" author="Hampson, GF" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" refId="B20" refString="Hampson, GF, 1898. On a collection of Heterocera made in the Transvaal. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology (ser. 7) 1: 158-164. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939808677946" title="On a collection of Heterocera made in the Transvaal. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology (ser. 7) 1: 158 - 164." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939808677946" year="1898">Hampson 1898</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Joannis, J de" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe lepidopterologique de Geneve" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="181 - 256" refId="B23" refString="Joannis, J de, 1927. Pyralidae d'Afrique australe principalement du district de Laurenco-Marques. Bulletin de la Societe lepidopterologique de Geneve 5: 181 - 256" title="Pyralidae d'Afrique australe principalement du district de Laurenco-Marques." volume="5" year="1927">Joannis 1927</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Rebel, H" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Muenchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="41 - 43" publicationUrl="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/MittMuenchEntGes_020_0041-0043.pdf" refId="B57" refString="Rebel, H, 1930. Die Microlepidopteren der Hamburgischen Suedarabien-Expedition C. Rathjens-H. v. Wissmann. Mitteilungen der Muenchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft 20: 41 - 43, https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/MittMuenchEntGes_020_0041-0043.pdf" title="Die Microlepidopteren der Hamburgischen Suedarabien-Expedition C. Rathjens-H. v. Wissmann." url="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/MittMuenchEntGes_020_0041-0043.pdf" volume="20" year="1930">Rebel 1930</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Ghesquiere, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" refId="B16" refString="Ghesquiere, J, 1942. Catalogues raisonnes de la Faune Entomologique du Congo Belge. Lepidopteres, Microlepidopteres (deuxieme partie). Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge (Ser. C - Zoologie) (ser. 3 (2)) 7(2): 121-240. [pl. 6]" title="Catalogues raisonnes de la Faune Entomologique du Congo Belge. Lepidopteres, Microlepidopteres (deuxieme partie). Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge (Ser. C - Zoologie) (ser. 3 (2 )) 7 (2): 121 - 240. [pl. 6]" year="1942">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ghesquière">Ghesquiere</normalizedToken>
1942
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Viette, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="506 - 510" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239914page/526/mode/1up" refId="B71" refString="Viette, P, 1954. Etude d'une petite collection de Lepidopteres de La Reunion. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 26 (4): 506 - 510, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239914page/526/mode/1up" title="Etude d'une petite collection de Lepidopteres de La Reunion." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239914page/526/mode/1up" volume="26" year="1954">Viette 1954</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Viette, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" refId="B72" refString="Viette, P, 1957. Lepidopteres (Excepte les Tordeuses et les Geometrides). Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, Ser. Entom.8: 137-226. [pl. 4]" title="Lepidopteres (Excepte les Tordeuses et les Geometrides). Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, Ser. Entom. 8: 137 - 226. [pl. 4]" year="1957">1957</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Viette, P" journalOrPublisher="Commentationes Biologicae" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="1 - 12" refId="B73" refString="Viette, P, 1958. Resultats de l'expedition zoologique du Professor Dr. Hakan Lindberg aux iles du Cap Vert durant l'hiver 1953-54. No 18. Lepidopteres Tineides (s.l.) et Pyrales. Commentationes Biologicae 17 (8): 1 - 12" title="Resultats de l'expedition zoologique du Professor Dr. Hakan Lindberg aux iles du Cap Vert durant l'hiver 1953 - 54. No 18. Lepidopteres Tineides (s. l.) et Pyrales." volume="17" year="1958">1958</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Martin, EL" journalOrPublisher="C - Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="442 - 450" refId="B40" refString="Martin, EL, 1956. Contributions a l'etude de la faune entomologique du Ruanda-Urundi (Mission P. Basilewsky 1953). CII. Lepidoptera Pyralidae. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge (Ser. C - Zoologie) 51: 442 - 450" title="Contributions a l'etude de la faune entomologique du Ruanda-Urundi (Mission P. Basilewsky 1953). CII. Lepidoptera Pyralidae. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge (Ser." volume="51" year="1956">Martin 1956</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Amsel, HG" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="1 - 12" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104640page/485/mode/1up" refId="B1" refString="Amsel, HG, 1963. Kleinschmetterlinge aus Aethiopien. Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde 121: 1 - 12, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104640page/485/mode/1up" title="Kleinschmetterlinge aus Aethiopien." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104640page/485/mode/1up" volume="121" year="1963">Amsel 1963</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Legrand, H" journalOrPublisher=")" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="1 - 210" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/262319page/1/mode/1up" refId="B31" refString="Legrand, H, 1966. Lepidopteres des iles Seychelles et d'Aldabra. Memoires du Museum d'Histoire naturelle (ser. A Zool.) 37 (1965): 1 - 210, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/262319page/1/mode/1up" title="Lepidopteres des iles Seychelles et d'Aldabra. Memoires du Museum d'Histoire naturelle (ser. A Zool." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/262319page/1/mode/1up" volume="37" year="1966">Legrand 1966</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3409/000000006783995256" author="Kopij, G" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia - Series B: Invertebrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="137 - 180" refId="B25" refString="Kopij, G, 2006. Lepidoptera fauna of Lesotho. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia - Series B: Invertebrata 49: 137 - 180, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3409/000000006783995256" title="Lepidoptera fauna of Lesotho." url="https://doi.org/10.3409/000000006783995256" volume="49" year="2006">Kopij 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Martire, D" journalOrPublisher="Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris; Biotope, Meze" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" refId="B41" refString="Martire, D, Rochat, J, 2008. Les papillons de La Reunion et leurs chenilles. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris; Biotope, Meze" title="Les papillons de La Reunion et leurs chenilles." year="2008">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martiré">Martire</normalizedToken>
and Rochat 2008
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Gaedike, R" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" publicationUrl="https://www.gbif.org/species/1887198" refId="B15" refString="2022. . https://www.gbif.org/species/1887198" url="https://www.gbif.org/species/1887198" year="2022">GBIF 2022</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Hampson, GF" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" publicationUrl="https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/324928-Udea-ferrugalis" refId="B22" refString="2022. . https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/324928-Udea-ferrugalis" url="https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/324928-Udea-ferrugalis" year="2022">iNaturalist 2022</bibRefCitation>
; SDEI; summarised in 
<bibRefCitation author="De Prins, J" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" publicationUrl="http://www.afromoths.net" refId="B11" refString="De Prins, J, De Prins, W, 2011-2022. Afromoths, online database of Afrotropical moth species (Lepidoptera). http://www.afromoths.net" title="Afromoths, online database of Afrotropical moth species (Lepidoptera)." url="http://www.afromoths.net" year="2011 - 2022">De Prins and De Prins 2011-2022</bibRefCitation>
); the record from Saint Helena is doubtful (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937908694089" author="Wollaston, E" journalOrPublisher="List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" refId="B77" refString="Wollaston, E, 1879. Notes on the Lepidoptera of St. Helena, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology (ser. 5) 3: 219-233, 329-343, 415-441. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937908694089" title="Notes on the Lepidoptera of St. Helena, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology (ser. 5) 3: 219 - 233, 329 - 343, 415 - 441." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937908694089" year="1879">Wollaston 1879</bibRefCitation>
). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Palaearctic realm</emphasis>
: Algeria, Israel, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, all Europe, incl. Azores, Canary Islands, China, Iran, Japan, Korea, Pakistan, Russia (
<bibRefCitation author="Amsel, HG" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des naturhistorischen Museums in Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="593 - 607" publicationUrl="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/ANNA_68_0593-0607.pdf" refId="B2" refString="Amsel, HG, 1965. Ergebnisse der Zoologischen Nubien-Expedition 1962. Teil XXIX. Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Pterophoridae. Annalen des naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 68 (1964): 593 - 607, https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/ANNA_68_0593-0607.pdf" title="Ergebnisse der Zoologischen Nubien-Expedition 1962. Teil XXIX. Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Pterophoridae." url="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/ANNA_68_0593-0607.pdf" volume="68" year="1965">Amsel 1965</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Amsel, HG" journalOrPublisher="Notulae entomologicae" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="125 - 130" publicationUrl="https://archive.org/details/notulae-entomologicae-300014_46_01-04_1966_a/page/n137/mode/2up" refId="B3" refString="Amsel, HG, 1966. Zur Kenntnis der Microlepidopterenfauna von Marokko. Notulae entomologicae 46: 125 - 130, https://archive.org/details/notulae-entomologicae-300014_46_01-04_1966_a/page/n137/mode/2up" title="Zur Kenntnis der Microlepidopterenfauna von Marokko." url="https://archive.org/details/notulae-entomologicae-300014_46_01-04_1966_a/page/n137/mode/2up" volume="46" year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Speidel, W" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichten des entomologischen Vereins Apollo, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="1 - 156" publicationUrl="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/NEVA-SUP_8_0001-0156.pdf" refId="B65" refString="Speidel, W, Hassler, M, 1989. Die Schmetterlingsfauna der suedlichen algerischen Sahara und ihrer Hochgebirge Hoggar und Tassili n'Ajjer (Lepidoptera). Nachrichten des entomologischen Vereins Apollo, Supplement 8: 1 - 156, https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/NEVA-SUP_8_0001-0156.pdf" title="Die Schmetterlingsfauna der suedlichen algerischen Sahara und ihrer Hochgebirge Hoggar und Tassili n'Ajjer (Lepidoptera)." url="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/NEVA-SUP_8_0001-0156.pdf" volume="8" year="1989">Speidel and Hassler 1989</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Baez, M" editor="Zamora, II" journalOrPublisher="Consejeria de Politica Territorial y Medio Ambiente, La Laguna (Islas Canarias)" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="247 - 260" refId="B4" refString="Baez, M, Martin, E, 2004. Lepidoptera. In: Zamora, II, Esquivel, JLM, Perez, NZ, Hernandez, MA, Eds., Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias (hongos, plantas y animales terrestres). Consejeria de Politica Territorial y Medio Ambiente, La Laguna (Islas Canarias): 247 - 260" title="Lepidoptera." volumeTitle="Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias (hongos, plantas y animales terrestres)." year="2004">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Báez">Baez</normalizedToken>
and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Borges, PAV" journalOrPublisher="Direccao Regional do Ambiente and Universidade dos Acores, Horta, Angra do Heroismo and Ponta Delgada" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" refId="B5" refString="Borges, PAV, Cunha, R, Gabriel, R, Martins, AF, Silva, L, Vieira, V, 2005. A list of the terrestrial fauna (Mollusca and Arthropoda) and flora (Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) from the Azores. Direccao Regional do Ambiente and Universidade dos Acores, Horta, Angra do Heroismo and Ponta Delgada" title="A list of the terrestrial fauna (Mollusca and Arthropoda) and flora (Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) from the Azores." year="2005">Borges et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
; GBIF; iNaturalist). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Oriental realm</emphasis>
: China, India, Taiwan, Vietnam (
<bibRefCitation author="Toll, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" refId="B69" refString="Toll, S, 1948. Beitrag zur Mikrolepidopterenfauna von Nordost-Persien. Zeitschrift der Wiener entomologischen Gesellschaft 32[1947]: 107-116 [pls 4-6]." title="Beitrag zur Mikrolepidopterenfauna von Nordost-Persien. Zeitschrift der Wiener entomologischen Gesellschaft 32 [1947]: 107 - 116 [pls 4 - 6]." year="1948">Toll 1948</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.565.6304" author="Zhang, DD" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="123 - 139" refId="B80" refString="Zhang, DD, Li, JW, 2016. Two new species and five newly recorded species of the genus Udea Guenee from China (Lepidoptera, Crambidae). ZooKeys 565: 123 - 139, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.565.6304" title="Two new species and five newly recorded species of the genus Udea Guenee from China (Lepidoptera, Crambidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.565.6304" volume="565" year="2016">Zhang and Li 2016</bibRefCitation>
; iNaturalist).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
The species is polyphagous, i.e., feeding on plants of various plant families. 
<bibRefCitation author="Robinson, GS" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Muenchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" publicationUrl="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosts" refId="B58" refString="Robinson, GS, Ackery, PR, Kitching, IJ, Beccaloni, GW, Hernandez, LM, 2010. HOSTS - A database of the world's lepidopteran hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosts" title="HOSTS - A database of the world's lepidopteran hostplants. Natural History Museum, London." url="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosts" year="2010">Robinson et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
list host genera from nine families, although records from the Oriental region might be misidentifications of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. testacea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. testacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see &quot;Genetic data&quot; below and Discussion). Palaearctic records comprise 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Beta vulgaris</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cichorium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cichorium intybus" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intybus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Cichorium intybus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Capsicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum lycopersicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycopersicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Solanum lycopersicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. melongena" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">S. melongena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
) as well as 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucurbita" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cucurbita" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Cucurbita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cucurbitaceae</taxonomicName>
). In South Africa, the caterpillars feed on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lepidium capense" order="Brassicales" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Lepidium capense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Thunb. (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Brassicaceae</taxonomicName>
) according to 
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, JS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="94 - 126" refId="B68" refString="Taylor, JS, 1951. Notes on Lepidoptera in the Eastern Cape Province (Part II). Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa 14 (2): 94 - 126" title="Notes on Lepidoptera in the Eastern Cape Province (Part II)." volume="14" year="1951">Taylor (1951)</bibRefCitation>
and on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Erigeron" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erigeron" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Erigeron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
) according to 
<bibRefCitation author="Robinson, GS" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Muenchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" publicationUrl="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosts" refId="B58" refString="Robinson, GS, Ackery, PR, Kitching, IJ, Beccaloni, GW, Hernandez, LM, 2010. HOSTS - A database of the world's lepidopteran hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosts" title="HOSTS - A database of the world's lepidopteran hostplants. Natural History Museum, London." url="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosts" year="2010">Robinson et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
. More information about the biology of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. ferrugalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. ferrugalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be found in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.30.1.41-120" author="Gaedike, R" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="41 - 120" refId="B14" refString="Gaedike, R, 1980. Beitraege zur Insektenfauna der DDR: Lepidoptera - Pyraustinae. Beitraege zur Entomologie 30: 41 - 120, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.30.1.41-120" title="Beitraege zur Insektenfauna der DDR: Lepidoptera - Pyraustinae." url="https://doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.30.1.41-120" volume="30" year="1980">Gaedike (1980)</bibRefCitation>
for Central Europe, and in 
<bibRefCitation author="Lee, KY" journalOrPublisher="Korean Journal of Applied Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="109 - 115" publicationUrl="http://entomology2.or.kr/journal/article.php?code=10662" refId="B28" refString="Lee, KY, Min, KB, Ahn, KS, Choi, KS, Chang, YD, Youn, YN, 1999. Morphological characteristics and life cycle of Udea ferrugalis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) attacking Angelica utitis. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 38 (2): 109 - 115, http://entomology2.or.kr/journal/article.php?code=10662" title="Morphological characteristics and life cycle of Udea ferrugalis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) attacking Angelica utitis." url="http://entomology2.or.kr/journal/article.php?code=10662" volume="38" year="1999">Lee et al. (1999</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Lee, KY" journalOrPublisher="Korean Journal of Applied Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="205 - 209" publicationUrl="http://entomology2.or.kr/journal/article.php?code=10784" refId="B29" refString="Lee, KY, Ahn, KS, Kang, HJ, Park, SK, Kim, TS, 2002. Effects of temperature on reproduction and development of Udea ferrugalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 41 (3): 205 - 209, http://entomology2.or.kr/journal/article.php?code=10784" title="Effects of temperature on reproduction and development of Udea ferrugalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." url="http://entomology2.or.kr/journal/article.php?code=10784" volume="41" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
) for East Asia. The species is known to be an occasional migrant (
<bibRefCitation author="Lempke, BJ" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="226 - 240" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/264204page/500/mode/1up" refId="B32" refString="Lempke, BJ, 1967. Trekvlinders in 1966. Entomologische Berichten 27: 226 - 240, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/264204page/500/mode/1up" title="Trekvlinders in 1966." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/264204page/500/mode/1up" volume="27" year="1967">Lempke 1967</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="genetic data">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Genetic data.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
Numerous DNA Barcode (COI-5P) sequences (n=41 with DNA Barcodes) are publicly available for 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. ferrugalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. ferrugalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on BOLD Systems. A genetic distance analysis of the data with Kimura 2-paramater model results in an intraspecific variation ranging from 0% to 2.42%. The relatively large maximum distance is most likely due to several species that appear to be misidentified as 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. ferrugalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. ferrugalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
Two specimens with specimen IDs BC MTD 01830 (collected in Nankai, China) and NIBGE MOT-03061 (collected in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) appear to be misidentifications of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. testacea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. testacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as both DNA Barcode sequences are a 99.69-100% match with the 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">COI</emphasis>
sequence of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. testacea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. testacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
published by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.72.3-4_49" author="Matsui, Y" journalOrPublisher="Lepidoptera Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="49 - 58" refId="B42" refString="Matsui, Y, Naka, H, 2021. Discovery of an unknown species closely related to Pleuroptya harutai (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae) feeding on Styrax obassis (Styracaceae). Lepidoptera Science 72 (3-4): 49 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.72.3-4_49" title="Discovery of an unknown species closely related to Pleuroptya harutai (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae) feeding on Styrax obassis (Styracaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.72.3-4_49" volume="72" year="2021">Matsui and Naka (2021)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
Another specimen with the specimen ID BIOUG25981-C06, collected in Laikipia, Kenya (see 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“?”">&quot;?&quot;</normalizedToken>
in Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 35. Elevation map of the southern part of the Gregory Rift with the collection sites of Udea kirinyaga (red dot) at Mount Kenya, and U. meruensis (green triangle) as well as U. nicholsae and U. momella (yellow square; same collection site) at Mount Meru; the &quot;? &quot; represents the collection site of a DNA-barcoded specimen that might represent an additional species (see section &quot; Genetic data &quot; under U. ferrugalis); elevations ≥ 500 m are marked in increasingly darker grey shades every 500 m." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.94938.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/773292" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">35</figureCitation>
), has a maximum of 98.27% sequence similarity with other barcoded 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Udea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Udea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens. It can currently not be associated with any known 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Udea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Udea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species and may represent an undescribed species that should be further investigated. Unfortunately, the (female) specimen was caught in a Malaise trap, resulting in the complete loss of its wing maculation. Additional material, ideally including males, will be necessary to determine its identity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Huebner" baseAuthorityYear="1796" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Udea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea ferrugalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Udea ferrugalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares its BOLD BIN (BOLD:AAC3729) with 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. delineatalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delineatalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. delineatalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the Asian 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. testacea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. testacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Mutuura, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Naniwa University, Series B" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="7 - 33" publicationUrl="http://www.bioenv.osakafu-u.ac.jp/omu-content/uploads/sites/1201/2015/10/v04_05.pdf" refId="B48" refString="Mutuura, A, 1954. Classification of the Japanese Pyrausta group based on the structure of the male and female genitalia (Pyr.: Lep.). Bulletin of the Naniwa University, Series B 4: 7 - 33, http://www.bioenv.osakafu-u.ac.jp/omu-content/uploads/sites/1201/2015/10/v04_05.pdf" title="Classification of the Japanese Pyrausta group based on the structure of the male and female genitalia (Pyr.: Lep.)." url="http://www.bioenv.osakafu-u.ac.jp/omu-content/uploads/sites/1201/2015/10/v04_05.pdf" volume="4" year="1954">Mutuura (1954)</bibRefCitation>
considered 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. testacea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. testacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a bona species based on genitalia morphology and removed it from synonymy (
<bibRefCitation author="Shibuya, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="1 - 300" refId="B62" refString="Shibuya, J, 1928. The systematic study on the Formosan Pyralidae. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University 22 (1): 1 - 300" title="The systematic study on the Formosan Pyralidae." volume="22" year="1928">Shibuya 1928</bibRefCitation>
) with 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. ferrugalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. ferrugalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Only one DNA Barcode is available for 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. testacea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. testacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(published by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.72.3-4_49" author="Matsui, Y" journalOrPublisher="Lepidoptera Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="49 - 58" refId="B42" refString="Matsui, Y, Naka, H, 2021. Discovery of an unknown species closely related to Pleuroptya harutai (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae) feeding on Styrax obassis (Styracaceae). Lepidoptera Science 72 (3-4): 49 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.72.3-4_49" title="Discovery of an unknown species closely related to Pleuroptya harutai (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae) feeding on Styrax obassis (Styracaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.72.3-4_49" volume="72" year="2021">Matsui and Naka 2021</bibRefCitation>
), and one for 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. delineatalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delineatalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. delineatalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(published by 
<bibRefCitation author="Mally, R" journalOrPublisher="Arthropod Systematics &amp; Phylogeny" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="55 - 71" publicationUrl="https://www.senckenberg.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/asp_69_1_mally_55-71.pdf" refId="B36" refString="Mally, R, Nuss, M, 2011. Molecular and morphological phylogeny of European Udea moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea). Arthropod Systematics &amp; Phylogeny 69 (1): 55 - 71, https://www.senckenberg.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/asp_69_1_mally_55-71.pdf" title="Molecular and morphological phylogeny of European Udea moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea)." url="https://www.senckenberg.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/asp_69_1_mally_55-71.pdf" volume="69" year="2011">Mally and Nuss 2011</bibRefCitation>
). More data is needed to make a more conclusive statement on the species boundaries based on DNA Barcode data (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12489" author="Meier, R" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="264 - 275" refId="B43" refString="Meier, R, Blaimer, BB, Buenaventura, E, Hartop, E, von Rintelen, T, Srivathsan, A, Yeo, D, 2021. A re-analysis of the data in Sharkey et al.'s (2021) minimalist revision reveals that BINs do not deserve names, but BOLD Systems needs a stronger commitment to open science. Cladistics 38 (2): 264 - 275, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12489" title="A re-analysis of the data in Sharkey et al. ' s (2021) minimalist revision reveals that BINs do not deserve names, but BOLD Systems needs a stronger commitment to open science." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12489" volume="38" year="2021">Meier et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
Externally, the paralectotype of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Phlyctaenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phlyctaenia epicoena" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicoena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Phlyctaenia epicoena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is indistinguishable from 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. ferrugalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. ferrugalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Investigation of the female genitalia (prep. no. NHMUK010316679) indicates that the specimen furthermore agrees with 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. ferrugalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. ferrugalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the typical calyx-shaped antrum, with the anterior fourth marked-off as a short, thinner stalk, in the sclerotised tubular colliculum, twice as long as broad and with the sclerotisation leaving out a longitudinal band of membranous wall, in the short, thin ductus bursae with a small round projection near its posterior end (one of the two synapomorphies for the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. ferrugalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. ferrugalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group sensu 
<bibRefCitation author="Mally, R" journalOrPublisher="Arthropod Systematics &amp; Phylogeny" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="55 - 71" publicationUrl="https://www.senckenberg.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/asp_69_1_mally_55-71.pdf" refId="B36" refString="Mally, R, Nuss, M, 2011. Molecular and morphological phylogeny of European Udea moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea). Arthropod Systematics &amp; Phylogeny 69 (1): 55 - 71, https://www.senckenberg.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/asp_69_1_mally_55-71.pdf" title="Molecular and morphological phylogeny of European Udea moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea)." url="https://www.senckenberg.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/asp_69_1_mally_55-71.pdf" volume="69" year="2011">Mally and Nuss 2011</bibRefCitation>
), and in the shape, size and position of the ediacaroid signum (sensu 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.26049/ASP77-1" author="Mally, R" journalOrPublisher="Arthropod Systematics &amp; Phylogeny" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="141 - 204" refId="B39" refString="Mally, R, Hayden, JE, Neinhuis, C, Jordal, BH, Nuss, M, 2019. The phylogenetic systematics of Spilomelinae and Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) inferred from DNA and morphology. Arthropod Systematics &amp; Phylogeny 77 (1): 141 - 204, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26049/ASP77-1" title="The phylogenetic systematics of Spilomelinae and Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) inferred from DNA and morphology." url="https://doi.org/10.26049/ASP77-1" volume="77" year="2019">Mally et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). We thus consider 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Udea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea epicoena" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicoena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Udea epicoena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Meyrick, 1937) conspecific with 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. ferrugalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. ferrugalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and synonymise it: 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Phlyctaenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phlyctaenia epicoena" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicoena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Phlyctaenia epicoena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Meyrick, 1937 syn. nov. of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Huebner" baseAuthorityYear="1796" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Udea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udea ferrugalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Udea ferrugalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
, 1796). Consequently, we did not include 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ph. epicoena" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="epicoena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Ph. epicoena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the phylogenetic analyses, as 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="U. ferrugalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">U. ferrugalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is already present among the data.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>