195 lines
18 KiB
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195 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.784.27296" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d1e3a2e5-ba9d-4dbb-be1c-c12899750e83" ID-PMC="PMC6160820" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-784-95" ID-PubMed="30279632" ID-ZBK="3436AC4AC7DD421C838E0F4FFE74152B" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-784-95" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 784" ModsDocTitle="Stigmellamultispicata Rociene. & Stonis, an Asian leafminer on Siberian elm, now widespread in eastern North America (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae)" checkinTime="1536774126142" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Gilrein, Daniel Owen & Eiseman, Charles S." docDate="2018" docId="72DDE14459DEECF298E6F8CE120CD21D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 784: 95-125" docOrigin="ZooKeys 784" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.784.27296" docTitle="Stigmella apicialbella Newton & Wilkinson" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="FFA7FFD476402361D3299155FF8CD677" masterDocTitle="Stigmellamultispicata Rociene. & Stonis, an Asian leafminer on Siberian elm, now widespread in eastern North America (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae)" masterLastPageNumber="125" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1668166209519" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Stigmellamultispicata Rociene. & Stonis, an Asian leafminer on Siberian elm, now widespread in eastern North America (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nieukerken, Erik J. van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gilrein, Daniel Owen</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Eiseman, Charles S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>784</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>95</mods:start>
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<mods:end>125</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.784.27296</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.784.27296</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-784-95</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">3436AC4AC7DD421C838E0F4FFE74152B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3436AC4AC7DD421C838E0F4FFE74152B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="147598525" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72DDE14459DEECF298E6F8CE120CD21D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/72DDE14459DEECF298E6F8CE120CD21D" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Chambers) Newton & Wilkinson" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella apicialbella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicialbella">Stigmella apicialbella (Chambers) Newton & Wilkinson</taxonomicName>
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Figures 34, 36-39
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Nepticula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nepticula apicialbella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicialbella">Nepticula apicialbella</taxonomicName>
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Chambers, 1873: 127.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella apicialbella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicialbella">Stigmella apicialbella</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Newton, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="367 - 463" title="A taxonomic revision of the North American species of Stigmella (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1982.tb00455.x" volume="7" year="1982">Newton and Wilkinson 1982</bibRefCitation>
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: 413.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella apicialbella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicialbella">Stigmella apicialbella</taxonomicName>
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(Figure 34) can easily be recognized by the combination of a yellow head, white collar, and forewing with a narrow medial white fascia and an apical triangular white spot extending into the fringe. The basal half of the forewing is a bit more brown or fuscous, whereas the apical part is almost black with coarse scaling. The male genitalia are remarkably
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“bulky”">"bulky"</normalizedToken>
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and do not resemble any other North American species (
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<bibRefCitation author="Newton, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="367 - 463" title="A taxonomic revision of the North American species of Stigmella (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1982.tb00455.x" volume="7" year="1982">Newton and Wilkinson 1982</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Figures 34-35. North American
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
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feeding
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<taxonomicName family="Nepticulidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="family">Nepticulidae</taxonomicName>
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, adults. 34
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella apicialbella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicialbella">Stigmella apicialbella</taxonomicName>
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, Massachusetts, Hampshire Co., Northampton 35
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ectoedemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ectoedemia ulmella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmella">Ectoedemia ulmella</taxonomicName>
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, male, Tennessee, Blount Co., Townsend. Photographs C. Eiseman, E.J. van Nieukerken.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Host plants.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus americana" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">Ulmus americana</taxonomicName>
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L.,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. alata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="alata">U. alata</taxonomicName>
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Michx.,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. rubra" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="rubra">U. rubra</taxonomicName>
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Muhl. (= fulva Michx.),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. thomasii" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="thomasii">U. thomasii</taxonomicName>
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Sarg. (= racemosa D. Thomas),
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
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spp. (
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<taxonomicName family="Ulmaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="family">Ulmaceae</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Braun, AF" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="155 - 209" title="Nepticulidae of North America." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/27115" volume="43" year="1917">Braun 1917</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Newton, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="367 - 463" title="A taxonomic revision of the North American species of Stigmella (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1982.tb00455.x" volume="7" year="1982">Newton and Wilkinson 1982</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus alata" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alata">Ulmus alata</taxonomicName>
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constitutes a new host record.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName genus="Leafmine" lsidName="Leafmine" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="genus">Leafmine</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 36-39). Egg on either leaf surface, may be against a vein, but never in leaf axil. Mines linear, usually rather straight, partly following veins, or more contorted; frass variable, from narrow linear to contorted, green or brown, sometimes completely filling the mine. Larval exit on leaf upperside.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Figures 36-39.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella apicialbella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicialbella">Stigmella apicialbella</taxonomicName>
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, leafmines. 36 Vacated mine, Canada,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Québec">Quebec</normalizedToken>
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, Brome-Missisquoi, RMNH.INS.40376 37 Vacated mine, USA, Connecticut, Litchfield Co., Canaan, RMNH.INS.43576 38 Vacated mine, USA, Mississippi, Oktibbeha Co., Black Prairie Reserve, RMNH.INS.43158 39 Mine with larva, USA, Tennessee, Obion Co. Scale bars 5 mm. Photographs E.J. van Nieukerken, C. Eiseman (39).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Larva (Figure 39). Yellow, feeding with dorsum upwards; head capsule brown. Larva spinning a brown cocoon on debris.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Life history. Bivoltine, or possibly trivoltine (
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<bibRefCitation author="Braun, AF" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="155 - 209" title="Nepticulidae of North America." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/27115" volume="43" year="1917">Braun 1917</bibRefCitation>
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). Larvae in June to early July, again in August to October. Adults recorded from April to early July and again in August.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Widespread in Eastern North America, positive records from: Canada: New Brunswick, Ontario (BOLD: BIOUG33718-A12), Quebec (van
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<bibRefCitation author="Nieukerken, EJ van" editor="Pohl, GR" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" title="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia" url="https://ebooks.pensoft.net/book/13218/annotated-checklist-of-the-moths-and-butterflies-lepidoptera-of-canada-and-alaska" year="2018">Nieukerken 2018</bibRefCitation>
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), USA: Alabama*, Connecticut*, Georgia*, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky (
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<bibRefCitation author="Chambers, VT" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="124 - 128" title="Micro-lepidoptera." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent5124-7" volume="5" year="1873">Chambers 1873</bibRefCitation>
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), Massachusetts, Mississippi*, New York*, North Carolina, Ohio (
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<bibRefCitation author="Braun, AF" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="155 - 209" title="Nepticulidae of North America." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/27115" volume="43" year="1917">Braun 1917</bibRefCitation>
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), Tennessee, Vermont. States without reference are new records: from states with asterisk we have as yet only seen vacated mines; from the other states the occurrence is confirmed by adults or DNA barcodes of larvae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="dna barcodes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">DNA barcodes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">We have three DNA barcodes, all with BINBOLD: ACG9146 (Figure 44).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">The leafmines of this species are remarkably variable. Since we have not seen any adults or DNA barcodes yet from the southernmost states, the possibility that some of these mines represent other taxa cannot be excluded.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Canada: 1 larva, several mines,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Québec">Quebec</normalizedToken>
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, Brome-Missisquoi, St Armand,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Étang">Etang</normalizedToken>
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Streit, 7.ix.2015,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus americana" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">Ulmus americana</taxonomicName>
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; 1♀,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Québec">Quebec</normalizedToken>
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, Gatineau, Aylmer, 18 rue Washington, 19.v.1998. United States: several vacated mines, Alabama, Monroe Co., Haines Island Park, along Alabama River, 12.x.2010,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
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; several vacated mines, Connecticut, Litchfield Co., Canaan, Page Road near Falls Village, 11.ix.2011,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="americana">U. americana</taxonomicName>
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; 8 vacated mines, Georgia, Murray Co., Chattahoochee Nat. Forest, E of Chatsworth, GA rd 52, 14.x.2010,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. alata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="alata">U. alata</taxonomicName>
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; 1♂, Indiana, St. Joseph Co., 25.v.2010; 1♂, ibidem, 13.viii.2010; 3♂, ibidem, 15.viii.2010; 1♂, Kentucky [Kenton Co., Covington], Lectotype; 1 adult, Massachusetts, Hampshire Co., Northampton, Northampton Bikeway west of King St., 13.ix.2013,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
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, emerged 22.v.2014; 3 vacated mines, Mississippi, Oktibbeha Co., Black Prairie Reserve, nr 16th Section Rd, 6.x.2010,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. alata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="alata">U. alata</taxonomicName>
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; 1 vacated mine, Mississippi, Winston Co., Tombigbee Nat. Forest, Noxubee Hills trailhead, 7.x.2010,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. alata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="alata">U. alata</taxonomicName>
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; 2 vacated mines, New York, Essex Co, S Wilmington, W branch Ausable river, 13.ix.2011,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="americana">U. americana</taxonomicName>
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; 1 larva, mines, Tennessee, Obion Co., Reelfoot Lake, 17.xi.2012,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
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; 1 larva, 2 mines, Vermont, Addison Co., Addison, Dead Creek WMA, 16.ix.2011,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="americana">U. americana</taxonomicName>
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; 1 vacated mine, Vermont, Chittenden Co., Burlington, Colchester Bog, 5.ix.2015,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="americana">U. americana</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Online photographs: Canada: vacated mine, New Brunswick, York Co., Fredericton, 28.viii.2015, Christopher Adam, https://bugguide.net/node/view/1162297, United States: 1 adult, Illinois, Cook Co., Glencoe, 22.v.2017, James F. Steffen, https://bugguide.net/node/view/1373817; mine with larva, North Carolina, Durham Co., Durham, Pelham Road, 25.vi.2016,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. alata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="alata">U. alata</taxonomicName>
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, Tracy S. Feldman, https://bugguide.net/node/view/1247382, plus many records of vacated mines from NC.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |