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<document id="42D411F047E057951391B0F7424086EF" ID-DOI="10.1093/isd/ixaa012" ID-ISSN="2399-3421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5384250" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630298771541" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Boppré, Michael, Grados, Juan, Laguerre, Michel &amp; Monzón, Julio" docDate="2020" docId="713587C6FFB359065B3ACC46B49BF86D" docLanguage="en" docName="ixaa012.pdf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (5), No. 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa012" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74.8:InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74" docStyleName="InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Vanewrightia kiesela Boppré &amp; Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Monzón 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="3AD86DB3-8414-4BEF-846E-4B689DCB8899" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="8D0CFFBEFFB659015808CF73B05BFFEB" masterDocTitle="Vanewrightia gen. nov. - A Highly Variable Taxon of Neotropical Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini) Revealed by Behavioral Traits" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1699219837201" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="128BF910FD958E19A2380E2300DB454C">Vanewrightia gen. nov. - A Highly Variable Taxon of Neotropical Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini) Revealed by Behavioral Traits</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4FDA6175F560061CABABCC6E7F82E3DE">Boppré, Michael</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E32C5AFCB382E346692C2BFD3702A920">Forstzoologie und Entomologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, D- 79085 Freiburg i. Br., Germany,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FFCE9BE258ECC826C1B4AD9ADBF3BF63">Grados, Juan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="51805C428D72F0647A489EEE1C94BB9D">Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="84DCB46E729550BF5FF7BBAD40291EFB">Laguerre, Michel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A5BB20F716E288E5852D3945E3B267B9">31 rue de la Haute-Lande, F- 33850 Léognan, France, and</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CEC192F7937B19766B2FDD361BA89619">Monzón, Julio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9DEC442C1992E3EE1C001970254B3E94">Forstzoologie und Entomologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, D- 79085 Freiburg i. Br., Germany,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="0BE7E62D2CD3B6924ABBE2D5F33EC6F3">Insect Systematics and Diversity</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A01247F681B7BAD6B643FFA8F7ADD0EC">2020</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="B186655BFFB359045B3ACC46B558FCA5" box="[818,1283,821,847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F92336D0FFB359045B3ACC46B558FCA5" blockId="5.[818,1283,821,847]" box="[818,1283,821,847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="A26B81BCFFB359045B3ACC46B558FCA5" bold="true" box="[818,1283,821,847]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="3">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB359045B3ACC46B558FCA5" bold="true" box="[818,1283,821,847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB359045B3ACC46B4C0FCA4" authority="Boppre" authorityName="Boppré &amp; Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Monzón" authorityYear="2020" box="[818,1179,821,847]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Vanewrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiesela" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB359045B3ACC46B463FCA5" bold="true" box="[818,1080,821,846]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Vanewrightia kiesela</emphasis>
Boppré
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D0DB57B9FFB359045CABCC46B558FCA5" box="[1187,1283,821,846]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="B186655BFFB359065B3ACC12B49BF86D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="F92336D0FFB359045B3ACC12B46DFC9E" blockId="5.[818,1078,865,885]" box="[818,1078,865,885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<figureCitation id="61A72A55FFB359045B3ACC12B3DDFC9E" box="[818,902,865,885]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[818,845,594,611]" captionTargetBox="[818,1442,147,559]" captionTargetId="figure-462@3.[818,1442,147,559]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Male Vanewrightia kiesela sp. nov. gathering pyrrolizidine alkaloids from dry Heliotropium indicum plant material put out as bait. Arrow points to uncoiled proboscis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5384252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5384252/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figures 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="61A72A55FFB359045B99CC12B3C6FC9E" box="[913,925,865,885]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[146,173,1819,1836]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,149,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[146,1441,147,1783]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Examples of variants of male specimens of Vanewrightia kiesela sp. nov., collected at pyrrolizidine alkaloid baits during the day in Panguana/Peru (PH), showing the surprisingly large range of variation within a single population, sorted according to the amount of yellow on the upperside wings; left upperside, right underside. Details on specimen codes inTable 2. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5384254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5384254/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="61A72A55FFB359045BA0CC12B3EFFC9E" box="[936,948,865,885]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,897,914]" captionTargetBox="[148,768,149,858]" captionTargetId="figure-213@5.[146,770,147,862]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Extreme variants of Vanewrightia kiesela sp. nov., arrows pointing to shared diagnostic characters; see text;left upperside,right underside.Details on specimen codes inTable 2. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5384256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5384256/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="61A72A55FFB359045BB7CC12B390FC9E" box="[959,971,865,885]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[146,173,1087,1104]" captionTargetBox="[321,1272,166,1048]" captionTargetId="figure-510@6.[314,1274,147,1052]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Genitalia of the male holotype of Vanewrightia kiesela sp. nov.(PH23).(A) dorsal, (B) ventral, (C) lateral,(D) phallus, (E) peculiar process on tegumen near junction with valvae (encircled in A‒C; arrows in E) enlarged.Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5384262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5384262/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5</figureCitation>
, and 6A‒K
</paragraph>
<caption id="ADE36658FFB35904589ACCF2B24DFC2F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5384256" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5384256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5384256/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[146,173,897,914]" targetBox="[148,768,149,858]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="F92336D0FFB35904589ACCF2B24DFC2F" blockId="5.[146,770,897,964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB35904589ACCF2B09FFC79" bold="true" box="[146,196,897,914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
Extreme variants of
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB35904597ACCF2B240FC79" authority="Boppré &amp; Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Monzón, 2020" authorityName="Boppré &amp; Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Monzón" authorityYear="2020" box="[370,539,897,914]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Vanewrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiesela" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB35904597ACCF2B240FC79" box="[370,539,897,914]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Vanewrightia kiesela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D0DB57B9FFB359045A28CCF2B23FFC79" box="[544,612,897,914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, arrows pointing to shared diagnostic characters; see text;left upperside,right underside.Details on specimen codes inTable 2. Scale bar = 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F92336D0FFB359045B3ACCE7B389FC2E" blockId="5.[818,1442,916,965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
(u r n:l s i d:z o o b a n k.o r g:a c t:
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3A D8 6D B3-8 4 1 4-4B E F -
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- 4B689DCB8899
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)
</paragraph>
<caption id="ADE36658FFB35904589AC867B1A9F848" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5384258" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5384258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5384258/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[146,173,1812,1829]" targetBox="[148,1440,1029,1775]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="F92336D0FFB35904589AC867B1A9F848" blockId="5.[146,1442,1812,1955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB35904589AC867B09FF8CE" bold="true" box="[146,196,1812,1829]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
Examples of arctiine and dioptine (*) species with a forewing oblique band co-occuring with
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB359045BC2C867B428F8CE" authority="Boppré &amp; Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Monzón, 2020" authorityName="Boppré &amp; Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Monzón" authorityYear="2020" box="[970,1139,1812,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Vanewrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiesela" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB359045BC2C867B428F8CE" box="[970,1139,1812,1829]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Vanewrightia kiesela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D0DB57B9FFB359045C71C867B4E0F8CE" box="[1145,1211,1812,1829]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in Panguana/Peru, collected at PA-baits at night or at light, respectively (see also Fig. 12). They are potentially mistakable for
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB359045BB0C85EB45EF8D5" authorityName="Boppré &amp; Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Monzón" authorityYear="2020" box="[952,1029,1837,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Vanewrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiesela">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB359045BB0C85EB45EF8D5" box="[952,1029,1837,1854]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">V. kiesela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but compare with Figs. 2 and 3 for differences in hindwing shape and position of forewing oblique band, missing yellow on hindwing undersides, etc.; left upperside, right underside. (A)
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB359045CF3C835B15CF89A" authority="(Walker, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Loxozona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB359045CF3C835B5F9F8BC" box="[1275,1442,1862,1879]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Loxozona lanceolata</emphasis>
(Walker,1854)
</taxonomicName>
. (B)
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB359045922C813B1A2F89A" authority="Rothschild, 1912" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1912" box="[298,505,1888,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Loxozona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB359045922C813B12BF89A" box="[298,368,1888,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L. nitens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D0D4B21FFB35904597DC813B1A2F89A" author="Rothschild, W." box="[373,505,1888,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="151 - 186" refId="ref15392" refString="Rothschild, W. 1912. New Syntomidae. Novit. Zool. 19: 151 - 186." type="journal article" year="1912">Rothschild, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. (C*)
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB359045A20C813B341F89A" authority="Walker, 1854" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1854" box="[552,794,1888,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Lyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavissima">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB359045A20C813B2F6F89A" box="[552,685,1888,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lyces flavissima</emphasis>
Walker, 1854
</taxonomicName>
. (D)
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB359045B36C813B405F89A" authority="(Rothschild, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Rothschild" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[830,1118,1888,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Oridishia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klagesi">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB359045B36C813B39DF89A" box="[830,966,1888,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Oridishia klagesi</emphasis>
(Rothschild, 1909)
</taxonomicName>
. (E*)
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB359045C82C813B520F89A" authority="(Hering, 1925)" baseAuthorityName="Hering" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[1162,1403,1888,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Erbessa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ursula">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB359045C82C813B559F89A" box="[1162,1282,1888,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Erbessa ursula</emphasis>
(Hering, 1925)
</taxonomicName>
. (F*)
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB35904589AC80AB1CBF861" authority="Prout, 1918" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1918" box="[146,400,1913,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Proutiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esoterica">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB35904589AC80AB175F861" box="[146,302,1913,1930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Proutiella esoterica</emphasis>
Prout, 1918
</taxonomicName>
. (G)
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB3590459BCC80AB23DF861" authority="(Stoll, 1782)" baseAuthorityName="Stoll" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[436,614,1913,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Oridishia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilus">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB3590459BCC80AB1A4F861" box="[436,511,1913,1930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O. rutilus</emphasis>
(Stoll, 1782)
</taxonomicName>
. (H*)
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB359045A9CC80AB2A8F861" box="[660,755,1913,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Erbessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB359045A9CC80AB28EF861" box="[660,725,1913,1930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Erbessa</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(I)
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB359045B03C80AB33EF861" box="[779,869,1913,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Antona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB359045B03C80AB31CF861" box="[779,839,1913,1930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Antona</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(K*)
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB359045B85C80AB463F861" authority="Druce, 1899" authorityName="Druce" authorityYear="1899" box="[909,1080,1913,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Proutiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tegyra">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB359045B85C80AB38AF861" box="[909,977,1913,1930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P.tegyra</emphasis>
Druce,1899
</taxonomicName>
.(L)
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB359045C51C80AB4F4F861" box="[1113,1199,1913,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Aclytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB359045C51C80AB4CAF861" box="[1113,1169,1913,1930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aclytia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
Note that all arctiines lack the angled hindwing margin. Scale bar = 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="ADE36658FFB05907589ACB4CB37CFB82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5384262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5384262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5384262/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[146,173,1087,1104]" targetBox="[321,1272,166,1048]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="F92336D0FFB05907589ACB4CB37CFB82" blockId="6.[146,1442,1087,1129]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB05907589ACB4CB099FBBB" bold="true" box="[146,194,1087,1104]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
Genitalia of the male holotype of
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB0590759D0CB4CB224FBBB" authority="Boppré &amp; Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Monzón, 2020" authorityName="Boppré &amp; Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Monzón" authorityYear="2020" box="[472,639,1087,1104]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Vanewrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiesela" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB0590759D0CB4CB224FBBB" box="[472,639,1087,1104]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Vanewrightia kiesela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D0DB57B9FFB059075A8BCB4CB29FFBBB" box="[643,708,1087,1104]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(PH23).(A) dorsal, (B) ventral, (C) lateral,(D) phallus, (E) peculiar process on tegumen near junction with valvae (encircled in A‒C; arrows in E) enlarged.Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F92336D0FFB05907589ACBE2B1FDFB29" blockId="6.[146,770,1167,1218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB05907589ACBE2B10BFB4E" box="[146,336,1169,1189]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Material Examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="49F43C8DFFB059075953CBE1B14FFB29" country="Peru" location="PERU" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="24" specimenCount-male="24">
<collectingCountry id="818B7640FFB059075953CBE1B1CFFB4E" box="[347,404,1170,1189]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PERU</collectingCountry>
,
<specimenCount id="EF9AFD59FFB0590759AACBE2B1BEFB4E" box="[418,485,1167,1189]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">24 ♂♂</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="61A72A55FFB0590759FECBE2B263FB4E" box="[502,568,1169,1189]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[146,173,1819,1836]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,149,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[146,1441,147,1783]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Examples of variants of male specimens of Vanewrightia kiesela sp. nov., collected at pyrrolizidine alkaloid baits during the day in Panguana/Peru (PH), showing the surprisingly large range of variation within a single population, sorted according to the amount of yellow on the upperside wings; left upperside, right underside. Details on specimen codes inTable 2. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5384254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5384254/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="61A72A55FFB059075A78CBE2B227FB4E" box="[624,636,1169,1189]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,897,914]" captionTargetBox="[148,768,149,858]" captionTargetId="figure-213@5.[146,770,147,862]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Extreme variants of Vanewrightia kiesela sp. nov., arrows pointing to shared diagnostic characters; see text;left upperside,right underside.Details on specimen codes inTable 2. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5384256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5384256/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3</figureCitation>
; see
<tableCitation id="B41E036BFFB059075ABBCBE2B2A7FB4E" box="[691,764,1169,1189]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="2.[145,194,411,430]" captionText="Table 2. Codes for specimens of Vanewrightia s.l. studied (also used in figures), data from their labels, specimen depositories, and cross references to figures" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Table 2</tableCitation>
: PH01‒
<collectingCountry id="818B7640FFB0590758DDCBDDB0AEFB29" box="[213,245,1198,1218]" name="Philippines" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PH</collectingCountry>
24)
</materialsCitation>
; see also below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F92336D0FFB05907589ACB89B358FA8E" blockId="6.[146,771,1273,1381]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB05907589ACB89B16BFAE6" box="[146,304,1273,1293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type Specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="49F43C8DFFB059075933CB8AB2A4FA8E" collectionCode="MUSM" country="Philippines" location="Specimen" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="FC43600BFFB059075933CB8AB1CAFAE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:713587C6FFB359065B3ACC46B49BF86D:FC43600BFFB059075933CB8AB1CAFAE6" box="[315,401,1273,1293]" country="Philippines" name="Specimen" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Specimen</location>
<collectingCountry id="818B7640FFB059075995CB8AB1E7FAE6" box="[413,444,1273,1293]" name="Philippines" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PH</collectingCountry>
23 (
<figureCitation id="61A72A55FFB0590759EDCB8AB275FAE6" box="[485,558,1273,1293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,897,914]" captionTargetBox="[148,768,149,858]" captionTargetId="figure-213@5.[146,770,147,862]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Extreme variants of Vanewrightia kiesela sp. nov., arrows pointing to shared diagnostic characters; see text;left upperside,right underside.Details on specimen codes inTable 2. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5384256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5384256/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) is designated as the
<typeStatus id="26278872FFB05907589ACA65B0B8FAC1" box="[146,227,1302,1322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and is, with
<specimenCount id="EF9AFD59FFB05907596BCA65B1B0FAC1" box="[355,491,1302,1322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">four paratypes</specimenCount>
(conservatively selected from one cluster only;
<collectingCountry id="818B7640FFB05907593BCA47B108FAA3" box="[307,339,1332,1352]" name="Philippines" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PH</collectingCountry>
03,
<collectingCountry id="818B7640FFB05907597CCA47B1CFFAA3" box="[372,404,1332,1352]" name="Philippines" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PH</collectingCountry>
05,
<collectingCountry id="818B7640FFB0590759BECA47B18CFAA3" box="[438,471,1332,1352]" name="Philippines" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PH</collectingCountry>
10,
<collectingCountry id="818B7640FFB0590759F0CA47B243FAA3" box="[504,536,1332,1352]" name="Philippines" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PH</collectingCountry>
24), deposited at
<collectionCode id="9F8DAE15FFB059075AB0CA47B2A4FAA3" box="[696,767,1332,1352]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MUSM</collectionCode>
. Note that not all characters of the
<typeStatus id="26278872FFB0590759CDCA22B24DFA8E" box="[453,534,1361,1381]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
are typical for the species
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F92336D0FFB05907589ACAECB564F95F" blockId="6.[146,771,1438,1957]" lastBlockId="6.[818,1443,1168,1716]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB05907589ACAECB119FA59" box="[146,322,1438,1458]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description. Male.</emphasis>
HEAD AND THORAX. Antennae bipectinate, shaft and rami dark gray, the scape with a white patch frontally. Frons white, vertex black with vivid yellow scales anteriorly and latero-basally. Palpi white with a black lateral line on each side. Patagia yellow or black. Tegulae black, sometimes with a central longitudinal yellow band. Thorax black. LEGS. Coxae pure white. Legs pure white with a dorsal dark gray longitudinal band. ABDOMEN. Above, dirty yellow, irrorated with dark gray scales, a median dark band, the anal tuft gray-bordered on each side with an off-white hair brush. Venter entirely white or gray. FOREWINGS. Upperside deep black with pointed apex and the following pattern: an oblique yellow band at the end of cell starting in the middle of the wing just before costa and abruptly finishing on vein CuA 2, sometimes with an irregular yellow patch occupying the basal third, slightly speckled with black scales. Length: 13.5‒15.0 mm (
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB059075891C824B0FEF882" box="[153,165,1879,1897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis>
= 13). Underside generally mirroring the pattern of the upperside but always showing some more yellow. HINDWINGS. Upperside vivid yellow or white, slightly paler on costal and anal area, with a wide black border from apex to tornus, or completely black. The bulge protruding distally from the yellow area into the black border centered on vein M
<subScript id="65183495FFB059075BE9CBABB3B3FB0F" attach="left" box="[993,1000,1240,1252]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</subScript>
, and the angled margin between veins CuA
<subScript id="65183495FFB059075D7BCBABB521FB0F" attach="left" box="[1395,1402,1240,1252]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
and M
<subScript id="65183495FFB059075B4FCB86B315FAEA" attach="left" box="[839,846,1269,1281]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3</subScript>
are diagnostic. Underside always with some more yellow or white as on upperside and extending to the inner margin. GENITALIA. Uncus long and narrow, slightly narrowed laterally at base and curved downward just before middle where it is larger in lateral view. Valvae moderately curved inwardly, slightly longer than uncus with a pointed and strongly sclerotized tip, slightly asymmetrical: the left one in ventral view slightly longer. A long translucent process covered with long hairs, reaching the tip of valvae. A triangular tooth pointing inside at the last third of valvae length. In lateral view the valvae are abruptly narrowed near extremity. Vinculum evenly rounded without any visible saccus. Juxta elongated, large at base and narrowing on top. Phallus cylindrical, slightly undulated, vesica with a unique scobinated process, a sclerotized thin bar more or less perpendicular to the main axis of the phallus. Variations: the vinculum varies from evenly curved as in the
<typeStatus id="26278872FFB059075CDEC9F0B4A6F97D" box="[1238,1277,1667,1686]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
to slightly angled and with or without a very small saccus (see also below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F92336D0FFB059075B3AC9ABB3B9F907" blockId="6.[818,994,1752,1772]" box="[818,994,1752,1772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB059075B3AC9ABB321F907" box="[818,890,1752,1772]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Female.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F92336D0FFB059075B3AC869B4CBF84F" blockId="6.[818,1442,1817,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB059075B3AC869B38DF8C4" box="[818,982,1817,1839]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">DNA Barcodes.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="49F43C8DFFB059075BD2C868B448F86C" collectionCode="BIN, BOLD" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="ADO9441" specimenCount="18">
In the neighbor-joining distance tree, the barcodes of the
<specimenCount id="EF9AFD59FFB059075B73C84BB3A0F8A7" box="[891,1019,1848,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="generic">18 specimens</specimenCount>
sequenced from Panguana form a cluster (
<collectionCode id="9F8DAE15FFB059075B30C826B3F0F882" box="[824,939,1877,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BIN BOLD</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="A93A9EABFFB059075BA6C826B44BF882" box="[942,1040,1877,1897]" collectionCode="BOLD" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ADO9441</specimenCode>
;
<figureCitation id="61A72A55FFB059075C17C826B43EF882" box="[1055,1125,1877,1897]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[147,174,1459,1476]" captionTargetBox="[147,1442,151,1423]" captionTargetId="figure-273@14.[146,1442,147,1423]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 13. Neighbor-joining distance tree of 27 COI sequences of Vanewrightia gen.nov. and 38 of its neighbors from BOLDSYSTEMS (2019) with BIN BOLD codes. Distances (normalized to 1) are given below each branch (omitted if &lt;0.002) and bootstrap supports above each branch (in bold, only if&gt;70%) obtained with MEGA7 (Kumar et al. 2016). For Vanewrightia, the collection sites are highlighted by colors. Scale bar = 1%." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5384279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5384279/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
), with subgroups with sequence divergence of up to 1.8
</materialsCitation>
%; the subgroups do not correspond with differences in wing pattern or locality.
</paragraph>
<caption id="ADE36658FFB15906589ACA2FB256FA6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5384264" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5384264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5384264/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[146,173,1372,1389]" targetBox="[237,1348,152,1330]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="F92336D0FFB15906589ACA2FB256FA6D" blockId="7.[146,1442,1372,1414]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB15906589ACA2FB09EFA86" bold="true" box="[146,197,1372,1389]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
(A‒K) Male genitalia (dorsal, ventral, phallus) of a selection of specimens of
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB159065B58CA2FB3A1FA86" authority="Boppré &amp; Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Monzón, 2020" authorityName="Boppré &amp; Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Monzón" authorityYear="2020" box="[848,1018,1372,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Vanewrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiesela" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB159065B58CA2FB3A1FA86" box="[848,1018,1372,1389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Vanewrightia kiesela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D0DB57B9FFB159065C09CA2FB418FA86" box="[1025,1091,1372,1389]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(see Figs. 2 and 3 for habitus). Details on specimen codes inTable 2. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F92336D0FFB15906589ACAC7B124F97E" blockId="7.[146,771,1459,1922]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB15906589ACAC7B1ABFA2D" box="[146,496,1459,1479]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Variation and Differential Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The variation in appearance is striking (
<figureCitation id="61A72A55FFB1590658F3CAA2B163FA0E" box="[251,312,1489,1509]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[146,173,1819,1836]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,149,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[146,1441,147,1783]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Examples of variants of male specimens of Vanewrightia kiesela sp. nov., collected at pyrrolizidine alkaloid baits during the day in Panguana/Peru (PH), showing the surprisingly large range of variation within a single population, sorted according to the amount of yellow on the upperside wings; left upperside, right underside. Details on specimen codes inTable 2. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5384254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5384254/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="61A72A55FFB159065960CAA2B12FFA0E" box="[360,372,1489,1509]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,897,914]" captionTargetBox="[148,768,149,858]" captionTargetId="figure-213@5.[146,770,147,862]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Extreme variants of Vanewrightia kiesela sp. nov., arrows pointing to shared diagnostic characters; see text;left upperside,right underside.Details on specimen codes inTable 2. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5384256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5384256/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3</figureCitation>
); whether or not we have seen all variants remains unknown―we assume that further variants are to be found. This makes a description as well as determination fraught with uncertainty and currently does not permit to give a robust differential diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB159065904C934B13DF9B1" authorityName="Boppré &amp; Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Monzón" authorityYear="2020" box="[268,358,1606,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Vanewrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiesela">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB159065904C934B13DF9B1" box="[268,358,1606,1626]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">V. kiesela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The existence of further specimens/species belonging to
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB159065904C910B1DCF99C" authorityName="Boppré &amp; Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Monzón" authorityYear="2020" box="[268,391,1635,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Vanewrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB159065904C910B1DCF99C" box="[268,391,1635,1655]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Vanewrightia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below) increases the problem which is reviewed in Discussion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F92336D0FFB1590658BAC9D2B28CF869" blockId="7.[146,771,1459,1922]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Three kinds of variants, each variable, can be recognized: 1) forewings black, basally with some yellow in addition to yellow band, hindwings with some yellow or white within black margin, 2) forewings black with yellow band, hindwings with some yellow or white within black margin, 3) forewings black with yellow band, hindwings entirely black. A fourth kind (forewings with ± yellow in addition to yellow band, hindwings black) might be expected but has not been found. See Discussion for a parallel in
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB1590659E3C81DB22AF869" authorityName="C.Felder &amp; R.Felder" authorityYear="1865" box="[491,625,1902,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Chamaelimnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB1590659E3C81DB22AF869" box="[491,625,1902,1922]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chamaelimnas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
butterflies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F92336D0FFB159065B3ACAC7B5C2F9E8" blockId="7.[818,1442,1460,1539]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB159065B3ACAC7B44BFA23" box="[818,1040,1460,1480]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Similar-Looking Species.</emphasis>
Not only closely related (see below) but also several
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB159065B7DCAA0B3D7FA0E" box="[885,908,1491,1509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">un</emphasis>
related moth and butterfly taxa, which resemble morphs of
<taxonomicName id="3E9C4D53FFB159065B3ACA83B3DDF9E8" authorityName="Boppré &amp; Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Monzón" authorityYear="2020" box="[818,902,1519,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Vanewrightia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiesela">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB159065B3ACA83B3DDF9E8" box="[818,902,1519,1539]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">V. kiesela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to a more or less high degree are considered in Discussion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F92336D0FFB159065B3AC947B425F96D" blockId="7.[818,1442,1588,1670]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB159065B3AC947B325F9A3" box="[818,894,1588,1608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Biology.</emphasis>
Largely unknown. Males are diurnal and attracted to sources of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (= PA-pharmacophagous) but not or only very rarely to artificial light.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F92336D0FFB159065B3AC9C4B49EF900" blockId="7.[818,1442,1719,1771]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB159065B3AC9C4B3F0F920" box="[818,939,1719,1739]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="818B7640FFB159065BB8C9CBB3B2F920" box="[944,1001,1720,1739]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PERU</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="3B58F832FFB159065BFAC9CBB41CF920" box="[1010,1095,1720,1739]" country="Peru" name="Huanuco" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Huanuco</collectingRegion>
and other regions, most likely also in other Latin American countries (see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F92336D0FFB159065B3AC869B49BF86D" blockId="7.[818,1442,1818,1926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="CBE8EAC2FFB159065B3AC869B3C0F8C5" box="[818,923,1818,1838]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology.</emphasis>
The new species is dedicated to Anita Kiesel who assisted in a more than commendable way in MB’s laboratory for over 30 yr; the extra miles she went were always greatly appreciated and her work is acknowledged with cordial thanks.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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