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<document id="0737D3AA5990D00973D97426077CE86D" ID-DOI="10.1206/3715.2" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5359400" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630227448445" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Myers, Charles W." docDate="2011" docId="4548181DD61C28031D33FB14E1D7FBC0" docLanguage="en" docName="N3715.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2011 (3715)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/3715.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Amnesteophis Myers 2011, new genus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="B9716065D61E28071F2EFFA8E231FF97" masterDocTitle="A New Genus and New Tribe for Enicognathus melanauchen Jan, 1863, a Neglected South American Snake (Colubridae: Xenodontinae), with Taxonomic Notes on Some Dipsadinae" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1699192365251" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="5056E8D44D2A8F061124D6EB17ECE2B8">A New Genus and New Tribe for Enicognathus melanauchen Jan, 1863, a Neglected South American Snake (Colubridae: Xenodontinae), with Taxonomic Notes on Some Dipsadinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="016DCBBBEC974579ED612BC6A3AB4D59">Myers, Charles W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A77756B241DA58087C0EC165185C75CB">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="85FBFA80D61C28051D33FB14E17FFB40" box="[541,846,1212,1239]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CD5EA90BD61C28051D33FB14E17FFB40" blockId="2.[541,846,1212,1239]" box="[541,846,1212,1239]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="96161E67D61C28051D33FB14E17FFB40" box="[541,846,1212,1239]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="0AE1D288D61C28051D33FB14E0F2FB40" authority="Myers, 2011" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="2011" box="[541,707,1212,1239]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Amnesteophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="FF957519D61C28051D33FB14E0F2FB40" bold="true" box="[541,707,1212,1239]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Amnesteophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E4A6C862D61C28051DFCFB15E17FFB40" box="[722,846,1213,1239]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="85FBFA80D61C28051F89FAAFE13DFAB6" box="[167,780,1287,1313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CD5EA90BD61C28051F89FAAFE13DFAB6" blockId="2.[121,1228,1287,1687]" box="[167,780,1287,1313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<materialsCitation id="7D89A356D61C28051F89FAAFE139FAB6" box="[167,776,1287,1313]" collectionCode="SPECIES" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="125A17A9D61C28051F89FAAFE2D3FAB6" box="[167,226,1287,1313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">TYPE</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ABF031CED61C28051FC5FAAFE376FAB6" box="[235,327,1287,1313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SPECIES</collectionCode>
:
<taxonomicName id="0AE1D288D61C28051E78FAAFE139FAB6" authority="Jan, 1863" authorityName="Jan" authorityYear="1863" box="[342,776,1287,1313]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Enicognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanauchen">
<emphasis id="FF957519D61C28051E78FAAFE0A0FAB6" box="[342,657,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Enicognathus melanauchen</emphasis>
Jan, 1863
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="85FBFA80D61C28041F86FA84E08EF90C" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="CD5EA90BD61C28051F86FA84E351FA4B" blockId="2.[121,1228,1287,1687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
ETYMOLOGY:
<taxonomicName id="0AE1D288D61C28051E66FA84E3D7FAD1" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="2011" box="[328,486,1324,1350]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Amnesteophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FF957519D61C28051E66FA84E3D7FAD1" box="[328,486,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Amnesteophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(forgotten snake), from Greek
<emphasis id="FF957519D61C28051C7FFA85E18BFAD1" box="[849,954,1325,1350]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">amnēstos</emphasis>
(ἄμvηστoς, “forgotten, no longer remembered”) + connective
<emphasis id="FF957519D61C28051D78FAFAE044FAFC" box="[598,629,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">-e-</emphasis>
+
<emphasis id="FF957519D61C28051DB2FAF9E0E8FAFC" box="[668,729,1361,1387]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ophis</emphasis>
(ὄφις, “snake”). Gender masculine. (For purposes of euphony, the derivation imposes elision of the final vowel in
<emphasis id="FF957519D61C28051CDCFAD0E66AFA06" box="[1010,1115,1400,1425]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">amnēstos</emphasis>
, and the connective vowel -
<emphasis id="FF957519D61C28051E7AFA35E351FA21" box="[340,352,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">e</emphasis>
- is employed rather than the -
<emphasis id="FF957519D61C28051DE9FA35E0E4FA21" box="[711,725,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">o</emphasis>
- normally used in latinized compounding of Greek elements.)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD5EA90BD61C28051F86FA4FE33EF9E6" blockId="2.[121,1228,1287,1687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Jans specific name
<taxonomicName id="0AE1D288D61C28051EB7FA4FE007F996" authorityName="Jan" authorityYear="1863" box="[409,566,1511,1537]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Enicognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanauchen">
<emphasis id="FF957519D61C28051EB7FA4FE007F996" box="[409,566,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">melanauchen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(a Schlegel manuscript name) appears compounded from the Greek combining element
<emphasis id="FF957519D61C28051D1FF9A4E0B2F9B1" box="[561,643,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">melan-</emphasis>
(μέλαv, neuter of μέλας,
<emphasis id="FF957519D61C28051CE7F9A4E63DF9B1" box="[969,1036,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">melas</emphasis>
, “black or very dark”) +
<emphasis id="FF957519D61C28051FCDF999E307F9DC" box="[227,310,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">auchēn</emphasis>
(αὐχήv, “neck”)—a masculine noun in apposition, referring to a dark blotch on the neck.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD5EA90BD61C28051F86F9D4E1E3F901" blockId="2.[121,1228,1287,1687]" box="[168,978,1660,1687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
CONTENT: Only
<taxonomicName id="0AE1D288D61C28051E43F9D4E0C1F901" authority="(Jan)" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName=": Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[365,752,1660,1686]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Amnesteophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanauchen" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="FF957519D61C28051E43F9D4E09DF901" box="[365,684,1660,1686]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Amnesteophis melanauchen</emphasis>
(Jan)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E4A6C862D61C28051DD3F9D5E1FCF901" box="[765,973,1660,1687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD5EA90BD61D28041F99F9CEE08EF90C" blockId="3.[183,1175,1638,1691]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<materialsCitation id="7D89A356D61D28041F99F9CEE08BF90C" collectingDate="1863-01" collectionCode="RMNH" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCode="RMNH 393" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Fig. 1.
<taxonomicName id="0AE1D288D61D28041E2FF9CFE049F9E9" authority="Jan 1863" authorityName="Jan" authorityYear="1863" box="[257,632,1638,1662]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Enicognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanauchen">
<emphasis id="FF957519D61D28041E2FF9CFE026F9E9" box="[257,535,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Enicognathus melanauchen</emphasis>
<collectingDate id="A91B7623D61D28041D30F9CEE049F9E9" box="[542,632,1638,1662]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1863-01">Jan 1863</collectingDate>
</taxonomicName>
. The adult male
<typeStatus id="125A17A9D61D28041C0FF9CEE14BF9E9" box="[801,890,1638,1662]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="9D470170D61D28041CA9F9CEE632F9E9" box="[903,1027,1638,1662]" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Museum">RMNH 393</specimenCode>
) in dorsal and ventral view. Shown life size (scale line =
<quantity id="0A1904EED61D28041D49F92BE085F90C" box="[615,692,1667,1691]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="85FBFA80D61A28031F86FF49E1D7FBC0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CD5EA90BD61A28031F86FF49E372FEAB" blockId="4.[112,1231,225,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<materialsCitation id="7D89A356D61A28031F86FF49E3D7FEB6" country="Brazil" location="Bahia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia">
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from “
<collectingRegion id="0F2567E9D61A28031D10FF49E0B3FF6C" box="[574,642,225,251]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bahia</collectingRegion>
” (Jan, 1863a: 266; 1863b: 56)—the purported type locality in northeastern
<collectingCountry id="B5F6E99BD61A28031EB0FEAFE3D7FEB6" box="[414,486,263,289]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="7D89A356D61A28031EDBFEAFE372FEAB" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Brazil" location="Bahia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="RMNH 393" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="holotype">
The original catalog entry for the
<typeStatus id="125A17A9D61A28031CBBFEAFE1CCFEB6" box="[917,1021,263,289]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="9D470170D61A28031B21FEAFE690FEB6" box="[1039,1185,263,289]" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">RMNH 393</specimenCode>
) is “
<collectingRegion id="0F2567E9D61A28031F54FE84E28EFED1" box="[122,191,300,326]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bahia</collectingRegion>
au
<collectingCountry id="B5F6E99BD61A28031FC4FE84E31FFED1" box="[234,302,300,326]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Brésil</collectingCountry>
.”
<superScript id="3A940443D61A28031E14FE83E372FEAB" attach="left" box="[314,323,299,316]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2</superScript>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD5EA90BD61A28031F86FEF9E150FCC6" blockId="4.[112,1231,225,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
DEFINITION AND DIAGNOSIS: (Based on
<specimenCount id="DBE76282D61A28031D55FEFAE0D6FEFC" box="[635,743,337,364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="adult">one adult</specimenCount>
male.) Genus of small colubrids less than
<quantity id="0A1904EED61A28031F56FEDEE2E8FE06" box="[120,217,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 mm</quantity>
in total length, with tail length roughly a quarter of total length; habitus slender, body about as wide as high, slightly wider than head.
<emphasis id="FF957519D61A28031DB0FE34E10FFE21" box="[670,830,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Color Pattern:</emphasis>
Dark nuchal blotch set off by pale crossbands, followed posteriorly by ill-defined narrow brown crossbands.
<emphasis id="FF957519D61A28031CF4FE69E654FE4C" box="[986,1125,449,475]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Scutellation:</emphasis>
Normal complement of colubrid head plates, possibly with diagnostic arrangement of temporals (in oblique rows, with both plates in first row in contact with labials); dorsal scales in 15-15-15 rows, feebly keeled, lacking apical pits or anal ridges; ventrals 145, anal plate divided, paired subcaudals 60.
<emphasis id="FF957519D61A28031FF4FDFFE37EFDE6" box="[218,335,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Osteology:</emphasis>
Maxillary teeth about 25, increasing in size posteriorly, with slight anteriorposterior differentiation in shape; in a continuous series, no diastema; last two teeth slightly enlarged, set in a straight line with the several teeth immediately preceding. About 15 palatine teeth + 30 pterygoid teeth; about 20 teeth on dentary. No hypapophyses on posterior trunk vertebrae.
<emphasis id="FF957519D61A28031FC1FD45E35FFC91" box="[239,366,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hemipenis:</emphasis>
Feebly bilobed, acalyculate, small spines replaced distally by large flattened soft papillae; unforked sulcus spermaticus extending centripetally to apex of left lobe (sinistral sulcus); a nude area in crotch between the small papillate lobes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD5EA90BD61A28031F8BFCF4E1D7FBC0" blockId="4.[112,1231,225,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Among Neotropical snakes,
<taxonomicName id="0AE1D288D61A28031EC1FCF4E11CFCE1" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName=": Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[495,813,860,886]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Amnesteophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanauchen">
<emphasis id="FF957519D61A28031EC1FCF4E11CFCE1" box="[495,813,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Amnesteophis melanauchen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
superficially seems most similar to
<taxonomicName id="0AE1D288D61A28031F58FC29E327FC0C" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[118,278,897,923]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="FF957519D61A28031F58FC29E327FC0C" box="[118,278,897,923]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Taeniophallus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E4A6C862D61A28031E31FC2AE3A6FC0C" box="[287,407,897,924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
. It has been compared by authors (Jan, Amaral) with the snake now known as
<taxonomicName id="0AE1D288D61A28031FDBFC0FE03EFC56" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[245,527,935,961]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occipitalis">
<emphasis id="FF957519D61A28031FDBFC0FE03EFC56" box="[245,527,935,961]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Taeniophallus occipitalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which shares the character of 15-15-15 dorsal scale rows and a somewhat similar color pattern. It shares with
<taxonomicName id="0AE1D288D61A28031C3AFC65E1BCFC71" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[788,909,973,998]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicagus">
<emphasis id="FF957519D61A28031C3AFC65E1BCFC71" box="[788,909,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. nicagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the character of a single (unforked) sulcus spermaticus.
<taxonomicName id="0AE1D288D61A28031EC2FC59E0BBFB9C" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="2011" box="[492,650,1009,1035]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Amnesteophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FF957519D61A28031EC2FC59E0BBFB9C" box="[492,650,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Amnesteophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all
<taxonomicName id="0AE1D288D61A28031C67FC59E1D8FB9C" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[841,1001,1009,1035]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FF957519D61A28031C67FC59E1D8FB9C" box="[841,1001,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Taeniophallus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in lacking hemipenial calyces, in having the posterior maxillary teeth in a straight line, and in having feebly keeled (vs. smooth) dorsal scales. See Comparisons for further discussion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>