602 lines
57 KiB
XML
602 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4323746" ID-GBIF-Dataset="62e8b36b-aab7-4b39-bead-2b9d744570d1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168993689" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4323746" approvalRequired="2" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="1" approvalRequired_for_document="1" checkinTime="1605040837363" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Groom, Q. J., Hoste, I. & Janssens, S." docDate="2017" docId="343387CEFF994113DC0F37BBFDA70EBA" docLanguage="en" docName="collectaneaBotanica.252-Texto del artículo-603-2-10-20170418.pdf" docOrigin="Collectanea Botanica 36" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2017.v36.004" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Oxalis dillenii Jacq. 1794" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="C80AFFB6FF994110DF4F3101FFB60803" masterDocTitle="Observación confirmada de Oxalis dillenii en España" masterLastPageNumber="6" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1635487314050" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Observación confirmada de Oxalis dillenii en España</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Groom, Q. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-0596-5376</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hoste, I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-0603-7587</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Janssens, S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-1246-9474</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Collectanea Botanica</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2017-04-05</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>36</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>6</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2017.v36.004</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3989/collectbot.2017.v36.004</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">62e8b36b-aab7-4b39-bead-2b9d744570d1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4266940</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4323746" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168993689" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4323746" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:343387CEFF994113DC0F37BBFDA70EBA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/343387CEFF994113DC0F37BBFDA70EBA" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection box="[832,1004,1722,1748]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="0.[801,1399,1652,2099]" box="[832,1004,1722,1748]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." authorityYear="1794" box="[832,1004,1722,1748]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
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<emphasis box="[832,1004,1722,1748]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oxalis dillenii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="0.[801,1399,1652,2099]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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is native to North America, al- though its native distribution in that continent is obscured both by confusion with other species and its modern spread into new areas. It is one of the commonest
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Geerinck & Walravens" authorityYear="2007" baseAuthorityName="Fernald" box="[950,1027,1862,1888]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[950,1027,1862,1888]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oxalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species in the eastern
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<collectingCountry name="United States of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">United States</collectingCountry>
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, where it usually grows in disturbed habitats (
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<bibRefCitation author="Nesom, G. L." box="[809,972,1932,1958]" firstAuthor="Nesom" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="727 - 738" part="3" refId="ref2782" refString="Nesom, G. L. 2009. Again: taxonomy of yellow-flowered caules- cent Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) in eastern North America. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 3: 727 - 738." title="Again: taxonomy of yellow-flowered caules- cent Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) in eastern North America" type="journal article" year="2009">Nesom, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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). Outside its native range,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[1280,1398,1932,1959]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
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<emphasis box="[1280,1398,1932,1959]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. dillenii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been recorded in several countries, including
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<collectingCountry box="[801,884,2003,2029]" name="France" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">France</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[897,952,2002,2028]" name="Italy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Italy</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[965,1075,2003,2029]" name="Germany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Germany</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1088,1192,2002,2028]" name="Belgium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Belgium</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1205,1394,2002,2028]" name="Netherlands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[801,954,2037,2064]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[1007,1093,2037,2063]" name="Austria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Austria</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Young, D. P." box="[1108,1262,2037,2064]" editor="Tutin T. G. & Heywood, V. H. & Burges, N. A. & Moore, D. M. & Valentine, D. H. & Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A." firstAuthor="Young" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge University Press, Cambridge" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="192 - 193" refId="ref3078" refString="Young, D. P. 1968. Oxalis L. In: Tutin T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A. Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (Eds.), Flora Europaea 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 192 - 193." title="Oxalis L" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Flora Europaea 2" year="1968">Young, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Moorsel, R. C. M. J. van & Beringen, R. & Ode, B." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Moorsel" journalOrPublisher="Gorteria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 35" part="26" refId="ref2742" refString="Moorsel, R. C. M. J. van, Beringen, R. & Ode, B. 2000. Een nieuwe klaverzuring in Nederland: Oxalis dillenii Jacq. Gorteria 26: 31 - 35." title="Een nieuwe klaverzuring in Nederland: Oxalis dillenii Jacq" type="journal article" year="2000">
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Moorsel
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">et al</emphasis>
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., 2000
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hoste, I." box="[920,1067,2073,2099]" firstAuthor="Hoste" journalOrPublisher="Dumortiera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="9 - 22" part="101" refId="ref2650" refString="Hoste, I. 2012. Een sleutel voor het genus Oxalis in Belgie, met commentaar bij de waargenomen soorten. Dumortiera 101: 9 - 22." title="Een sleutel voor het genus Oxalis in Belgie, met commentaar bij de waargenomen soorten" type="journal article" year="2012">Hoste, 2012</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[189,628,291,320]" box="[189,628,291,320]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[189,628,291,320]" fontSize="12" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="0">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,628,291,320]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MATERIALS AND METHODS</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[189,787,364,530]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2978403301" collectingDate="2013-11-27" country="Spain" latitude="42.011333" location="Solsona" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="1.5170833" municipality="Lleida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Catalunya">
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Two small
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Geerinck & Walravens" authorityYear="2007" baseAuthorityName="Fernald" box="[321,394,364,390]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[321,394,364,390]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Oxalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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plants were collected by the first author the
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<date box="[317,542,399,425]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2013-11-27">
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<collectingDate box="[317,542,399,425]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2013-11-27">27 November 2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
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from a site north of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:343387CEFF994113DC0F37BBFDA70EBA:B9456003FF984111DFF230B3FEAE09CF" box="[189,280,434,460]" country="Spain" latitude="42.011333" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="1.5170833" municipality="Lleida" name="Solsona" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="Catalunya">Solsona</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality box="[290,364,434,460]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Lleida</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[375,485,434,460]" country="Spain" name="Catalunya" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Catalonia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[494,558,434,460]" name="Spain" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Spain</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate box="[572,750,434,460]" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="1" seconds="40.8" value="42.011333">42° 00’ 40.8” N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="1" seconds="01.5" value="1.5170833">1° 31’ 01.5” E</geoCoordinate>
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). The plants were growing on bare dry soil under a conifer hedge that surrounds a holiday camp
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[189,725,574,600]" box="[189,725,574,600]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,725,574,600]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Molecular protocols and sequence analyses</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[189,787,644,1406]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
The modified
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<collectionCode box="[370,446,644,670]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">CTAB</collectionCode>
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protocol of
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<bibRefCitation author="Tel-Zur, N. & Abbo, S. & Myslabodski, D. & Mizrahi, Y." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tel-Zur" journalOrPublisher="Plant Molecular Biology Reporter" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="249 - 254" part="17" refId="ref2957" refString="Tel-Zur, N., Abbo, S., Myslabodski, D. & Mizrahi, Y. 1999. Modified CTAB procedure for DNA isolation from ep- iphytic cacti of the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus (Cactaceae). Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 17: 249 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1007656315275" title="Modified CTAB procedure for DNA isolation from ep- iphytic cacti of the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus (Cactaceae)" type="journal article" year="1999">
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Tel-Zur
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<emphasis box="[719,779,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (1999)
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</bibRefCitation>
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was used for total genomic DNA isolation. Secondary metabolites were removed by washing ground dried leaf material with 1000 µL extraction buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, 5 mM
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||
<collectionCode box="[666,740,785,811]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">EDTA</collectionCode>
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pH 8, 0.35
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<collectionCode box="[284,310,820,846]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
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sorbitol). After the addition of 800 µL
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<collectionCode box="[189,265,855,881]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">CTAB</collectionCode>
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lysis buffer, as described in
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<bibRefCitation author="Chase, M. W. & Hills, H. H." firstAuthor="Chase" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="215 - 220" part="40" refId="ref2485" refString="Chase, M. W. & Hills, H. H. 1991. Silica gel: an ideal material for field preservation of leaf samples for DNA studies. Taxon 40: 215 - 220. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1222975" title="Silica gel: an ideal material for field preservation of leaf samples for DNA studies" type="journal article" year="1991">Chase & Hills (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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with addition of 1% PVP-40 and 0.3% 2-mercaptoethanol, the samples were incubated at 60°
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<collectionCode box="[261,281,960,986]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
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for one hour. Chloroform-isoamylalcohol (24/1 v/v) extraction was done twice, followed by an isopropanol precipitation (0.8 volumes). After centrifugation, the pellet was washed in 70% eth- anol, air-dried, and dissolved in 50 µL buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, 1 mM
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<collectionCode box="[508,582,1135,1161]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">EDTA</collectionCode>
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pH 8).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[189,787,644,1406]" lastBlockId="1.[839,1437,291,1088]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Amplification reactions of ITS and
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<emphasis box="[642,720,1171,1196]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">trnL-F</emphasis>
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were carried out using a touchdown PCR protocol (25 µL). Reactions were initiated with a 3-min heating at 95°
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<collectionCode box="[260,280,1275,1302]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
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||
followed by 35 cycles consisting of 95°
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<collectionCode box="[766,786,1275,1302]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
for 30 s, 50-56°
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<collectionCode box="[383,403,1310,1337]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
for 30 s, and 72°
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<collectionCode box="[612,632,1310,1336]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
for 30-90 s. Reactions ended with a 5-min incubation at 72°
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<collectionCode box="[761,782,1345,1371]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
. Amplification and sequencing of ITS and
|
||
<emphasis box="[708,786,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">trnL-F</emphasis>
|
||
was performed using the primers of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="White, T. J. & Bruns, T. & Lee, S. J. W. T. & Taylor, J. W." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="White" journalOrPublisher="PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="315 - 322" part="18" refId="ref3020" refString="White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. J. W. T. & Taylor, J. W. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications 18: 315 - 322." title="Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics" type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||
White
|
||
<emphasis box="[1373,1429,291,317]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1990)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taberlet, P. & Geilly, L. & Pautou, G. & Bouvet, J." box="[975,1226,326,353]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Taberlet" journalOrPublisher="Plant Molecular Biology" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1105 - 1109" part="17" refId="ref2903" refString="Taberlet, P., Geilly, L., Pautou, G. & Bouvet, J. 1991. Univer- sal primers for amplification on three non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA. Plant Molecular Biology 17: 1105 - 1109. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00037152" title="Univer- sal primers for amplification on three non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA" type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Taberlet
|
||
<emphasis box="[1078,1130,326,352]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1991)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, respectively. En- zymatically purified PCR products were sequenced by the Macrogen sequencing facilities (Macrogen Europe, Amsterdam,
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||
<collectingCountry box="[1088,1235,431,458]" name="Netherlands" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[839,1437,291,1088]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Contiguous sequences were assembled using Ge- neious v7.0.6 (Biomatters,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1150,1309,501,528]" name="New Zealand" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Automat- ic alignments were carried with
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1220,1316,537,563]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MAFFT</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Katoh, K. & Misawa, K. & Kuma, K. I. & Miyata, T." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Katoh" journalOrPublisher="Nucleic Acids Research" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="3059 - 3066" part="30" refId="ref2679" refString="Katoh, K., Misawa, K., Kuma, K. I., & Miyata, T. 2002. MA- FFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Research 30: 3059 - 3066. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / nar / gkf 436" title="MA- FFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Katoh
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) under an E-INS-i algorithm, a 100
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1355,1415,572,598]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13848" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13848" name="Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="Herbarium">PAM</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis box="[1423,1436,571,597]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">k</emphasis>
|
||
= 2 scoring matrix, a gap open penalty of 1.3 and an offset value of 0.123. Subsequent manual fine-tun- ing of the aligned dataset was done in Geneious v7.0.6. Sequence gaps were treated as missing data, whereas potentially informative base insertions and deletions were coded according to the “simple indel coding” method of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simmons, M. P. & Ochoterena, H." box="[1061,1425,817,843]" firstAuthor="Simmons" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="369 - 381" part="49" refId="ref2862" refString="Simmons, M. P. & Ochoterena, H. 2000. Gaps as characters in sequence-based phylogenetic analyses. Systematic Biology 49: 369 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / 49.2.369" title="Gaps as characters in sequence-based phylogenetic analyses" type="journal article" year="2000">Simmons & Ochoterena (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[839,1437,291,1088]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
The global distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[1174,1293,852,878]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1174,1293,852,878]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">O. dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was created from observations from the Global Biodiversity In- formation Facility on the
|
||
<date box="[1136,1305,922,949]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2015-08-05">5 August 2015</date>
|
||
(http://doi. org/10.15468/dl.9imeus).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[839,1437,291,1088]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Voucher specimens for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[1144,1262,992,1019]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1144,1262,992,1019]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">O. dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="L" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[1277,1387,993,1019]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1277,1387,993,1019]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">O. stricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[839,1010,1027,1054]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corniculata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[839,1010,1027,1054]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">O. corniculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are deposited at the Botanic Garden Meise (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[927,969,1062,1088]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">BR</collectionCode>
|
||
) (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[992,1080,1062,1088]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[181,237,1610,1631]" captionTargetId="graphics-635@2.[151,1398,1694,2029]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. Details of the specimens used in this study. Their accession numbers at the Botanic Garden Meise Herbarium (BR); The GenBank accession numbers of the ITS and trnL-F barcode sequences and the geographic origins of the specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E8E56650FF9B4112DFFA374BFA8F0E7F" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" tableUuid="E8E56650FF9B4112DFFA374BFA8F0E7F">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[839,982,1166,1195]" box="[839,982,1166,1195]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<heading allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[839,982,1166,1195]" fontSize="12" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="0">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[839,982,1166,1195]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">RESULTS</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[839,1437,1238,1405]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[1010,1187,1238,1265]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corniculata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1010,1187,1238,1265]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">O. corniculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the most consistent vegetative characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[1175,1294,1273,1300]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1175,1294,1273,1300]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">O. dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the narrow adnate stipules which are fused to the petioles and the antrorse appressed stem hairs, which are usually densest towards the top of the stem (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1351,1418,1378,1405]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[219,287,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[187,1434,1474,1937]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Detail of the stipules of Oxalis dillenii (A) and Oxalis corniculata (B). Both pictures are of dried herbarium mate- rial. The Oxalis dillenii photograph is from the Lleida material and the Oxalis corniculata is taken from plants collected in the Botanic Garden Meise, where it grows as a weed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4266942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4266942/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4266942" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4266942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4266942/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" startId="1.[219,287,1963,1985]" targetBox="[187,1434,1474,1937]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[219,1406,1963,2043]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[219,311,1963,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of the stipules of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[546,683,1963,1984]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[546,683,1963,1984]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Oxalis dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[768,948,1963,1984]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corniculata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[768,948,1963,1984]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Oxalis corniculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B). Both pictures are of dried herbarium mate- rial. The
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[307,445,1992,2013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[307,445,1992,2013]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Oxalis dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
photograph is from the Lleida material and the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[909,1089,1992,2013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corniculata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[909,1089,1992,2013]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Oxalis corniculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is taken from plants collected in the Botanic Garden Meise, where it grows as a weed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,749,292,1546]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="L" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[183,294,293,319]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[183,294,293,319]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. stricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the stipules have no free margins (and are therefore seemingly lacking); in this species at least part of the stem hairs are long, patent and sep- tate, a feature that separates
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="L" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[502,617,398,424]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[502,617,398,424]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. stricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from both
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[151,272,432,459]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,272,432,459]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[334,507,432,459]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corniculata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[334,507,432,459]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. corniculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Since
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[598,719,432,459]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[598,719,432,459]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily confused with two closely-related species of the Iberian flora (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sanchez-Pedraja, O." box="[355,630,502,529]" editor="Munoz Garmendia, F. & Navarro, C." firstAuthor="Sanchez-Pedraja" journalOrPublisher="Real Jardin Botanico (CSIC), Madrid" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="384 - 405" refId="ref2820" refString="Sanchez-Pedraja, O. 2015 Oxalis L. In: Munoz Garmendia, F. & Navarro, C. (Eds.), Flora iberica 9. Real Jardin Botanico (CSIC), Madrid: 384 - 405." title="Oxalis L" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Flora iberica 9" year="2015">Sánchez-Pedraja, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we have provided a table that compares the distinguishing characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[372,498,573,599]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[372,498,573,599]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[520,698,573,599]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corniculata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[520,698,573,599]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. corniculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="L" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. stricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Cunn." box="[280,377,608,634]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[280,377,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. exilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation box="[391,480,608,634]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[151,207,609,630]" captionTargetBox="[163,1377,675,1963]" captionTargetId="graphics-40@4.[151,1398,665,1969]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. The Oxalis corniculata group. Underlined text summarizes the key features for identification of Oxalis dillenii." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E8E56650FF9D4114DFD83360FAAE0A75" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid="E8E56650FF9D4114DFD83360FAAE0A75">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Very rarely
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Jacq." authorityName="Jacq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conorrhiza">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. conorrhiza</emphasis>
|
||
Jacq.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kunth" authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1821" box="[339,564,643,669]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[339,482,643,669]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. filiformis</emphasis>
|
||
Kunth
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have also been found in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[262,332,678,704]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but are easily recognized by their single flowered inflorescences and somewhat larg- er flowers with long, very slender pedicels. They have been omitted from the table.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,749,292,1546]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
In the specimen from Lleida the narrow stipules and antrorse stem hairs are present as typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[151,274,888,915]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,274,888,915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other features of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[508,631,888,915]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[508,631,888,915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more variable but present in these specimens. The young plants are erect, but with age stems can root at the nodes giving the impression of either a creeping stolon or, if covered by soil, a rhizome. However, the Lleida plants were too young for this to have occurred. Well grown plants in rich soil are usually bright green on both sides of the leaf, but the Lleida specimens have pink-purple leaves apparently due to the nutrient-poor dry soil they were growing in and possibly because they were collected in winter when they frequently experienced cold conditions. Another distinctive character of this species are the fasciculate leaves, whereas other closely related species (with the exception of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="L" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[502,611,1379,1405]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[502,611,1379,1405]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. stricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have more evenly spaced alternate leaves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,749,292,1546]" lastBlockId="2.[801,1399,292,879]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
The DNA barcode sequences of the Lleida spec- imens were compared to an
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[500,675,1484,1510]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corniculata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[500,675,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. corniculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spec- imen from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[288,392,1519,1545]" name="Belgium" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
, an
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="L" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[445,559,1519,1545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[445,559,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. stricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen from the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[844,1001,292,318]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
and four specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[1273,1391,292,318]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1273,1391,292,318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one from each of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1019,1120,327,353]" name="Belgium" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1183,1292,327,353]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
and two from the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[915,1075,362,388]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1093,1184,362,388]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[181,237,1610,1631]" captionTargetId="graphics-635@2.[151,1398,1694,2029]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. Details of the specimens used in this study. Their accession numbers at the Botanic Garden Meise Herbarium (BR); The GenBank accession numbers of the ITS and trnL-F barcode sequences and the geographic origins of the specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E8E56650FF9B4112DFFA374BFA8F0E7F" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid="E8E56650FF9B4112DFFA374BFA8F0E7F">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The chloroplast
|
||
<emphasis box="[801,879,398,423]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">trnL-F</emphasis>
|
||
sequence is almost identical for all species. However, for the nuclear ITS sequence the Lleida specimen shows 99.7–100% identity with the ver- ified
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[867,992,502,528]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[867,992,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens; but only 93.2% and 95.8% identity with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[1046,1218,537,564]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corniculata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1046,1218,537,564]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. corniculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="L" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[1279,1391,538,564]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1279,1391,538,564]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. stricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[801,1399,292,879]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[831,999,607,633]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,999,607,633]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Oxalis dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an annual or short lived peren- nial of disturbed ground. It can inhabit waste-places and become a weed of cultivation.
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1217,1317,677,703]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[1168,1236,661,683]" captionTargetBox="[189,1102,294,941]" captionTargetId="figure-546@3.[189,1112,291,943]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. The approximate distribution of Oxalis dillenii in the Northern Hemisphere created from the observations in the Global Biodiversity Infor- mation Facility (http://doi. org/10.15468/dl.9imeus). The map uses an Albers equal-area conic projection." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4266944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4266944/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
shows the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[1019,1138,712,739]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1019,1138,712,739]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Northern Hemisphere. In both Asia and North America it grows at latitudes more southerly than
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1191,1261,782,808]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, so there is little reason to think that it is at the boundaries of its potential distribution in Europe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[801,997,956,985]" box="[801,997,956,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<heading allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[801,997,956,985]" fontSize="12" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="0">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[801,997,956,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[801,1399,1029,1546]" lastBlockId="3.[189,787,994,1722]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
The results demonstrate the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[1279,1398,1029,1055]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1279,1398,1029,1055]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[834,901,1064,1090]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
using both morphological and molecular approaches.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Aymerich, P." box="[950,1154,1099,1125]" firstAuthor="Aymerich" journalOrPublisher="Orsis" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="209 - 259" part="27" refId="ref2421" refString="Aymerich, P. 2013. Contribucio al coneixement floristic del territorio ausosegarric (NE de la peninsula Iberica). Orsis 27: 209 - 259." title="Contribucio al coneixement floristic del territorio ausosegarric (NE de la peninsula Iberica)" type="journal article" year="2013">Aymerich (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
previously reported
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[801,924,1134,1160]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[801,924,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1003,1070,1134,1160]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
and an image of his spec- imen was obtained from the Vascular Plant Her- barium of the Real Jardín Botánico (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1232,1280,1204,1230]" country="Spain" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15682" name="Real Jardín Botánico" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Herbarium">MA</collectionCode>
|
||
specimen number 823538). This specimen is recognisable as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[801,922,1274,1300]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[801,922,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and should be considered the first con- firmed observation of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[1073,1195,1309,1335]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1073,1195,1309,1335]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1240,1311,1309,1335]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is a larger specimen than the specimens from Lleida and is more typical of an older plant, as it has the typical fasciculate leaves. This specimen was col- lected at Fonollet, municipality of Casserres, Bar- celona, at
|
||
<quantity box="[929,1007,1484,1511]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="610.0">610 m</quantity>
|
||
on the
|
||
<date box="[1106,1326,1484,1510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2010-11-03">3 November 2010</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1378,1395,1485,1511]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
|
||
. Aymerich. The label describes the site as “
|
||
<emphasis box="[1307,1398,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">entorno</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">de un camino rural, en taludes con algunos escom- bros y en matorrales de romero</emphasis>
|
||
”, which translates to “in the environment of a country road, on slopes with some debris and rosemary bushes”. However, when he visited the site two years later the species was not refound.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="E8E56650FF9B4112DFFA374BFA8F0E7F" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E8E56650FF9B4112DFFA374BFA8F0E7F" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[163,1368,1708,2024]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[181,1368,1610,1660]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,262,1610,1631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Details of the specimens used in this study. Their accession numbers at the Botanic Garden Meise Herbarium (BR); The GenBank accession numbers of the ITS and
|
||
<emphasis box="[652,716,1639,1660]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">trnL-F</emphasis>
|
||
barcode sequences and the geographic origins of the specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<table box="[163,1368,1708,2024]" gridcols="5" gridrows="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<tr box="[163,1368,1708,1730]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th box="[163,342,1708,1730]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,238,1708,1730]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Species</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[432,620,1708,1730]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[432,619,1708,1730]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Accession number</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[723,827,1708,1730]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[755,794,1708,1730]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ITS</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[972,1076,1708,1730]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[990,1058,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">trnL-F</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[1180,1368,1708,1730]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1239,1307,1708,1730]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Origin</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1368,1750,1772]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th box="[163,342,1750,1772]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[163,342,1750,1771]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corniculata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,342,1750,1771]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Oxalis corniculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[432,620,1750,1772]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">BR0000013236847</td>
|
||
<td box="[723,827,1750,1772]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">KT737723</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,1076,1750,1772]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">KT737730</td>
|
||
<td box="[1180,1368,1750,1772]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Flanders, Belgium</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1368,1792,1814]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th box="[163,342,1792,1814]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[163,299,1792,1813]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,299,1792,1813]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Oxalis dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[432,620,1792,1814]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">BR0000009721166</td>
|
||
<td box="[723,827,1792,1814]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">KT737724</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,1076,1792,1814]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">KT737731</td>
|
||
<td box="[1180,1368,1792,1814]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Louisiana, USA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1368,1834,1856]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th box="[163,342,1834,1856]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[163,299,1834,1855]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,299,1834,1855]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Oxalis dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[432,620,1834,1856]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">BR0000013234409</td>
|
||
<td box="[723,827,1834,1856]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">KT737725</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,1076,1834,1856]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">KT737732</td>
|
||
<td box="[1180,1368,1834,1856]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lleida, Spain</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1368,1876,1898]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th box="[163,342,1876,1898]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[163,299,1876,1897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,299,1876,1897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Oxalis dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[432,620,1876,1898]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">BR0000013236830</td>
|
||
<td box="[723,827,1876,1898]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">KT737726</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,1076,1876,1898]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">KT737733</td>
|
||
<td box="[1180,1368,1876,1898]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Flanders, Belgium</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1368,1918,1940]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th box="[163,342,1918,1940]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[163,299,1918,1939]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,299,1918,1939]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Oxalis dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[432,620,1918,1940]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">BR0000013234225</td>
|
||
<td box="[723,827,1918,1940]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">KT737727</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,1076,1918,1940]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">KT737734</td>
|
||
<td box="[1180,1368,1918,1940]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Berlin, Germany</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1368,1960,1982]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th box="[163,342,1960,1982]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[163,299,1960,1981]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,299,1960,1981]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Oxalis dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[432,620,1960,1982]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">BR0000013498894</td>
|
||
<td box="[723,827,1960,1982]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">KT737728</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,1076,1960,1982]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">KT737735</td>
|
||
<td box="[1180,1368,1960,1982]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Texas, USA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1368,2002,2024]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th box="[163,342,2002,2024]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="L" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[163,292,2002,2024]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,292,2002,2024]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Oxalis stricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[432,620,2002,2024]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">BR0000013234621</td>
|
||
<td box="[723,827,2002,2024]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">KT737722</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,1076,2002,2024]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">KT737729</td>
|
||
<td box="[1180,1368,2002,2024]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pennsylvania, USA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4266944" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4266944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4266944/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[1168,1236,661,683]" targetBox="[189,1102,294,941]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[1168,1437,661,943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1168,1275,661,683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
The approximate distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Oxalis dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Northern Hemisphere created from the observations in the Global Biodiversity Infor- mation Facility (http://doi. org/10.15468/dl.9imeus). The map uses an Albers equal-area conic projection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[189,787,994,1722]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
It is unlikely that these are the only two sites of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[189,311,1240,1266]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[189,311,1240,1266]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O. dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[356,423,1240,1266]" name="Spain" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
and we suspect that this spe- cies is likely to spread further. Indeed, there have been unsubstantiated records from elsewhere in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[189,256,1345,1371]" name="Spain" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bolos, O. de & Vigo, J. & Masalles, R. M. & Ninot, J. M." box="[272,487,1345,1372]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bolos" journalOrPublisher="Portic, Barcelona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref2449" refString="Bolos, O. de, Vigo, J., Masalles, R. M. & Ninot, J. M. 1990. Flora manual dels Paisos Catalans. Portic, Barcelona." title="Flora manual dels Paisos Catalans" type="book" year="1990">
|
||
Bolòs
|
||
<emphasis box="[350,402,1345,1371]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sanchez-Pedraja, O." box="[500,774,1345,1372]" editor="Munoz Garmendia, F. & Navarro, C." firstAuthor="Sanchez-Pedraja" journalOrPublisher="Real Jardin Botanico (CSIC), Madrid" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="384 - 405" refId="ref2820" refString="Sanchez-Pedraja, O. 2015 Oxalis L. In: Munoz Garmendia, F. & Navarro, C. (Eds.), Flora iberica 9. Real Jardin Botanico (CSIC), Madrid: 384 - 405." title="Oxalis L" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Flora iberica 9" year="2015">Sánchez-Pedraja, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is an opportunistic invader and has probably not filled its climatic niche in Europe yet. Therefore its current distribution may reflect its introduction pathway rather than suitable habitat availability. Nevertheless, this species is a minor weed where it has become naturalised. It is easy to control with standard horticultural practices and has not yet in- vaded more natural habitats. We hope that publish- ing these observations will make botanists more aware of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq." box="[298,417,1695,1722]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[298,417,1695,1722]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O. dillenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[455,526,1695,1721]" name="Spain" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |