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<document id="3A67DC30314A17FD68FB397175264E23" ID-DOI="10.24823/EJB.2022.405" ID-ISSN="1747-0036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10524193" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1704824771392" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ardi, W. H. &amp; Thomas, D. C." docDate="2022" docId="03FFFE04FFA9FFDAFF94118B9966FADF" docLanguage="en" docName="EdinbJBot.79.405.1-50.pdf" docOrigin="Edinburgh Journal of Botany 79 (405)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/ejb.2022.405" docStyle="DocumentStyle:73DE8CF451BB5BCBD336E07A8276E690.4:EdinbJBot.2021-.journal_article" docStyleId="73DE8CF451BB5BCBD336E07A8276E690" docStyleName="EdinbJBot.2021-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Begonia (sect. Petermannia) carnosa Teijsm. &amp; Binn." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFC6867CFFA3FFD7FFED133F9D07FFE7" masterDocTitle="SYNOPSIS OF BEGONIA (BEGONIACEAE) FROM THE NORTHERN ARM OF SULAWESI AND SANGIHE ISLAND, INDONESIA, INCLUDING THREE NEW SPECIES" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1705518042240" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="103DA5654848E7732303820C95256A0D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="3ABE1ED4C553630873C6F84E6F36319B">
<mods:title id="118D198ADB72F28220566E4D6C643301">SYNOPSIS OF BEGONIA (BEGONIACEAE) FROM THE NORTHERN ARM OF SULAWESI AND SANGIHE ISLAND, INDONESIA, INCLUDING THREE NEW SPECIES</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="66C9662498AFCC7749388E0B4B19F78C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AACE2546D7C67E438AAF80A6F78B3F0F">
<mods:roleTerm id="C448D93A28118EB46F14E7DF987EA387">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="531F20F8418D18AF80ED2ACAA274DBBC">Ardi, W. H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="95171FE1B522E8468EBAA5B241861517">Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat 16911, Indonesia. E-mail: wisn 005 @ brin. go. id.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6B31D8F5AB8DB9F53EA4846D706705EE" type="email">wisn005@brin.go.id</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0F282F5AAF89B909E480EDC5A14F6AEA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E087D167B2223F60A8DDAD9FF3DE9B65">
<mods:roleTerm id="514A0E97B2532601740CBB0B9122C1CF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="61F97C1AB33FAB50BC50CE67ED610E7E">Thomas, D. C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4DAD56E0F6CB10BC4AB4BB3C5D45EC82">Research and Conservation, Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="FE7EC549C44F97494628688BA28CD94D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="A32F75F85DAA6F4858E4119AD26E0156" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="47389C5026FB85159044F0913E362D0D">
<mods:title id="9E69F6AD6FB2D1C3AB809366D4E3DAAD">Edinburgh Journal of Botany</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="4DC85D5DBDD9FBF9EA05E2EECABD9AE3">
<mods:date id="DB7E54E2F6ADA2770E54530F3233E741">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="17D9411041F99EFE369CCA6F9776B2F6" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="41BA22050FC9ED9260848F139E9BE74B">2022-08-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="610637113A58A952E9D7ECD21A43D6D6" type="volume">
<mods:number id="51E57F07D863BD6823FC598F0F0B7370">79</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="C3EAD09AF6367DB61C7A92949E47BC40" type="issue">
<mods:number id="006530B51629585410EB8D8DE0CD6A92">405</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="941FD3997BB1ED27B63BE6FB7FDBA367">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="6DF0B1E0190E5FD142736D2B7D265237">50</mods:end>
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</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="4320F43E6A5F7B28701552617CC87EEC">
<mods:url id="11220612D165530B945627D2090BD45C">http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/ejb.2022.405</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="860510F452C202AF3D62C93F435D38AB">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="BB3E2B7188E0CFC900030F8481AAE303" type="DOI">10.24823/EJB.2022.405</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5B2ACA00144A4B533D51502BE2CF11D0" type="ISSN">1747-0036</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3EF56574CE5BD01CF51765AF4B2E4B65" type="Zenodo-Dep">10524193</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03FFFE04FFA9FFDAFF94118B9966FADF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10524569" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10524569" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FFFE04FFA9FFDAFF94118B9966FADF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFFE04FFA9FFDAFF94118B9966FADF" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="C34C1C99FFA9FFDDFF94118B9DEDFD14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFA9FFDDFF94118B9DEDFD14" blockId="10.[121,1105,692,717]" lastBlockId="10.[121,1140,730,941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0A1F87EFFA9FFDDFF94118B9956FD2A" box="[121,1105,692,717]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFF94118B9D89FD2A" bold="true" box="[121,142,692,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFA9FFDDFF78118B9E75FD2A" ID-CoL="7SF3M" authority="(Teijsm. &amp; Binn.) Teijsm. &amp; Binn." authorityName="Teijsm. &amp; Binn." baseAuthorityName="Teijsm. &amp; Binn." box="[149,882,692,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="10" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" section="Petermannia" species="carnosa">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFF78118B9C53FD2A" bold="true" box="[149,340,692,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Begonia carnosa</emphasis>
(Teijsm. &amp; Binn.) Teijsm. &amp; Binn. [§
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFD0A118B9E75FD2A" box="[743,882,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Petermannia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], Epim. Ludg. Bat. 4
</heading>
(1863).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C1C99FFA9FFDDFF0211E5994EFD14" box="[239,1097,730,755]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFA9FFDDFF0211E5994EFD14" blockId="10.[121,1140,730,941]" box="[239,1097,730,755]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFA9FFDDFF0211E59E47FD14" authority="Teijsm. &amp; Binn., Tijdschr. Ned." authorityName="Teijsm. &amp; Binn., Tijdschr. Ned." box="[239,832,730,755]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Diploclinium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carnosum">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFF0211E59CECFD14" box="[239,491,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diploclinium carnosum</emphasis>
Teijsm. &amp; Binn., Tijdschr. Ned.
</taxonomicName>
-
<bibCitation id="5E7C477EFFA9FFDDFCAB11E59929FD14" box="[838,1070,730,755]" journal="Indie" page="420" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" score="0.03719007966711898" volume="25" year="1863">
<collectingCounty id="6288379EFFA9FFDDFCAB11E59E78FD14" box="[838,895,730,755]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Indië</collectingCounty>
25: 420 (1863)
</bibCitation>
. –
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C1C99FFA9FFDDFF7511C09C45FCDA" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFA9FFDDFF7511C09C45FCDA" blockId="10.[121,1140,730,941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8DD568FFA9FFDDFF7511C09DD6FCFF" box="[152,209,767,792]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</collectingMunicipality>
:
<collectingCountry id="F3410F82FFA9FFDDFF3611C09C4CFCFF" box="[219,331,767,792]" name="Indonesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="499281F0FFA9FFDDFEB811C09CBBFCFF" box="[341,444,767,792]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E8919C9FFA9FFDDFE2811C09F31FCFF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FFFE04FFA9FFDAFF94118B9966FADF:8E8919C9FFA9FFDDFE2811C09F31FCFF" box="[453,566,767,792]" country="Indonesia" county="Indie" municipality="Type" name="Minahasa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Minahasa</location>
,
<location id="8E8919C9FFA9FFDDFDD211C09FB3FCFF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FFFE04FFA9FFDAFF94118B9966FADF:8E8919C9FFA9FFDDFDD211C09FB3FCFF" box="[575,692,767,792]" country="Indonesia" county="Indie" municipality="Type" name="Kapetaran" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Kapetaran</location>
,
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFD5311C09E5AFCFF" box="[702,861,767,792]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<location id="8E8919C9FFA9FFDDFD5311C09E28FCFF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FFFE04FFA9FFDAFF94118B9966FADF:8E8919C9FFA9FFDDFD5311C09E28FCFF" box="[702,815,767,792]" country="Indonesia" county="Indie" municipality="Type" name="Teijsmann" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Teijsmann</location>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54EDF1B0FFA9FFDDFC8611C09ED2FCFF" box="[875,981,767,792]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
K, designated here).
<figureCitation id="136D5397FFA9FFDDFF32101B9C3CFCDA" box="[223,315,804,829]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[121,185,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[121,1164,265,1593]" captionTargetId="figure-9@11.[121,1164,265,1593]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Begonia carnosa. A, Habit in situ; B, habit in cultivation; C, stipule; D, male inflorescence; E, female inflorescence; F, male flower (front view); G, female flower (front view); H, infructescence; I, fruit; J, ovary (cross-section of middle part). A–J from W.H. Ardi WI405. Photographs: W. H. Ardi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10524199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10524199/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFF32101B9C3CFCDA" bold="true" box="[223,315,804,829]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 3</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFED6101B9C45FCDA" bold="true" box="[315,322,804,829]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C1C99FFA9FFDBFF9410759E67FD5A" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFA9FFDDFF9410759FFCFC4A" blockId="10.[121,1140,730,941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF76903FFA9FFDDFF9410759EE8FC84" author="J. J. Sm., Meded. Lands Plantentuin" box="[121,1007,842,867]" journal="Meded. Lands Plantentuin" page="484" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" score="0.04924755753873923" volume="19" year="1898">
<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFA9FFDDFF9410759E47FC84" ID-CoL="87YM7" authority="Miq. ex J. J. Sm., Meded. Lands Plantentuin" authorityName="J. J. Sm., Meded. Lands Plantentuin" box="[121,832,842,867]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteroclinis">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFF9410759C5FFC84" box="[121,344,842,867]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Begonia heteroclinis</emphasis>
Miq. ex J.J.Sm., Meded. Lands Plantentuin
</taxonomicName>
19: 484 (1898)
</treatmentCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B3E454FFFA9FFDDFC1410759FF0FC4A" collectionCode="L" collectorName="de Vriese &amp; Teijsmann" country="Indonesia" location="Sulawesi" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="L070107" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara" typeStatus="lectotype">
Koorders, Natuurw. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië (1904). – Type:
<collectingCountry id="F3410F82FFA9FFDDFD7910509E03FC6F" box="[660,772,879,904]" name="Indonesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="499281F0FFA9FFDDFCE310509E72FC6F" box="[782,885,879,904]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFC9210509DB8FC4A" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<collectorName id="26A32AC4FFA9FFDDFC9210509EE2FC6F" box="[895,997,879,904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">de Vriese</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26A32AC4FFA9FFDDFBEC10509975FC6F" box="[1025,1138,879,904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Teijsmann</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54EDF1B0FFA9FFDDFF2610AB9C32FC4A" box="[203,309,916,941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED47D7D7FFA9FFDDFED110AB9C4DFC4A" box="[316,330,916,941]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="DBF0E769FFA9FFDDFEBB10AB9CBAFC4A" box="[342,445,916,941]" collectionCode="L" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="Herbarium">L070107</specimenCode>
], designated here),
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFD7A10AB9FF0FC4A" bold="true" box="[663,759,916,941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">syn. nov</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFD1A10AB9FFCFC4A" bold="true" box="[759,763,916,941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFA9FFDBFF9410F69E67FD5A" blockId="10.[121,1164,969,1703]" lastBlockId="12.[121,1156,266,701]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Perennial, monoecious herb with creeping stems, rooting at the nodes when in contact with the substrate, up to c.
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFA9FFDDFE8110D19CB2FBE0" box="[364,437,1006,1031]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
tall, sparsely hairy with white hairs up to c.
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFA9FFDDFC7310D19EDCFBE0" box="[926,987,1006,1031]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long.
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFBCC10D1995DFBE0" box="[1057,1114,1006,1031]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stem</emphasis>
creeping, internodes
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFA9FFDDFE89172B9CD7FBCA" box="[356,464,1044,1069]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 cm</quantity>
long, greenish or reddish.
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFD16172B9E4FFBCA" box="[763,840,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Leaves</emphasis>
basifixed, alternate;
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFBC2172B9982FBCA" box="[1071,1157,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">stipules</emphasis>
persistent, 5–6 ×
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFA9FFDDFED317069CA7FBB5" box="[318,416,1081,1106]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
, ovate, with an abaxially slightly prominent midrib projecting up to
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFA9FFDDFF9417619DBDFB90" box="[121,186,1118,1143]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
at the apex, margin recurved in mature stipules, pinkish, glabrous;
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFC4417619907FB90" box="[937,1024,1118,1143]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">petioles</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFA9FFDDFBEA17619986FB90" box="[1031,1153,1118,1143]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.45" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="cm" value="10.25" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5–16 cm</quantity>
long, terrete, reddish, moderately hairy with white hairs up to
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFA9FFDDFCCA17BB9E6FFB7A" box="[807,872,1156,1181]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long;
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFC4117BB9EF1FB7A" box="[940,1014,1156,1181]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">lamina</emphasis>
6.5–12 ×
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFA9FFDDFF9417969DD5FB25" box="[121,210,1193,1218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="cm" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5–9 cm</quantity>
, asymmetrical, ovate to suborbicular, base cordate and lobes sometimes slightly overlapping, apex acuminate, margin entire to broadly dentate or sometimes shallowly lobed (up to 20% of leaf width), adaxial surface light green, glabrous, abaxial surface pale green, hairy on the veins, primary veins 6–8, actinodromous, secondary veins craspedodromous.
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFF9716019C1EFAB0" box="[122,281,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Inflorescences</emphasis>
: axillary, protogynous;
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFDF416019E0DFAB0" box="[537,778,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">female inflorescences</emphasis>
1- or 2-flowered, basal to male inflorescences, peduncles
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFA9FFDDFE49165B9CFCFA9A" box="[420,507,1380,1405]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1–5 cm</quantity>
long, pale green-reddish, glabrous, bracts persistent, ovate, 3–5 ×
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFA9FFDDFEE616B69C6AFA45" box="[267,365,1417,1442]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
, pale green, translucent, glabrous;
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFD1C16B69ECAFA45" box="[753,973,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">male inflorescences</emphasis>
racemose-cymose (a thyrse), composed of up to 3 cymose partial inflorescences, branching dichasially or dichasially at the base and monochasially in distal part, each with 5–8 flowers, peduncles of partial inflorescences
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFA9FFDDFE7C16C69CFBF9F5" box="[401,508,1529,1554]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="cm" value="4.75" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–7 cm</quantity>
long, pink-reddish, glabrous; bracts persistent, up to c.3 ×
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFA9FFDDFF5B15219DFDF9D0" box="[182,250,1566,1591]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
, ovate, pale green or creamy at base and reddish at the apex, midrib slightly prominent, apiculate.
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFE80157B9CFDF9BA" box="[365,506,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Male flowers</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFDEA157B9F65F9BA" box="[519,610,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">pedicels</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFA9FFDDFD84157B9FE2F9BA" box="[617,741,1604,1629]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="13.0">13–16 mm</quantity>
long, white, glabrous;
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFC0C157B9923F9BA" box="[993,1060,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">tepals</emphasis>
2, white, 7–12 ×
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFA9FFDDFEF515569C8FF965" box="[280,392,1641,1666]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="9.0">9–14 mm</quantity>
, broadly ovate, base slightly cordate, margin entire, apex rounded;
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA9FFDDFF9415B19DFCF940" box="[121,251,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">androecium</emphasis>
of 19–21 stamens, yellow, filaments up to c.
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFA9FFDDFD1C15B19E4EF940" box="[753,841,1678,1703]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long, fused at the base for c.
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFAFFFDBFF5A12359DF0FEC4" box="[183,247,266,291]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, anthers up to
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFAFFFDBFE7012359CD9FEC4" box="[413,478,266,291]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, obovate, dehiscing through unilaterally positioned slits that are c.1/2 as long as the anthers.
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFDBA12109FF9FEAF" box="[599,766,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Female flowers</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFCE612109E61FEAF" box="[779,870,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pedicels</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFAFFFDBFC8012109EDCFEAF" box="[877,987,303,328]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 mm</quantity>
long, reddish, glabrous;
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFF0A126B9C2DFE8A" box="[231,298,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">tepals</emphasis>
5, unequal, white, four larger 10–12 ×
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFAFFFDBFD37126B9E4DFE8A" box="[730,842,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 mm</quantity>
, ovate to broadly ovate, margin entire, apex rounded, one smaller, 8–10 ×
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFAFFFDBFD4912459E01FE74" box="[676,774,378,403]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
, elliptic, margin entire, apex rounded;
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFF0F12A09C1AFE5F" box="[226,285,415,440]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ovary</emphasis>
(without wings) 7–9 ×
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFAFFFDBFDCF12A09F83FE5F" box="[546,644,415,440]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
, ellipsoid to narrowly obovoid, sometimes contorted, pale green, wings 3, subequal, base rounded, apex truncate, up to
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFAFFFDBFC3A12FB991FFE3A" box="[983,1048,452,477]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
long at the widest point (apically);
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFE4512D59CDCFDE4" box="[424,475,490,515]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">style</emphasis>
up to
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFAFFFDBFDCF12D59F63FDE4" box="[546,612,490,515]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long, basally fused, 3-branched, each stylodium bifurcate in the stigmatic region, stigmatic surface a spirally twisted papillose band, orange.
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFF97110B9DB0FDAA" box="[122,183,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fruits</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFF29110B9C2FFDAA" box="[196,296,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">peduncle</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFAFFFDBFEC3110B9C82FDAA" box="[302,389,564,589]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1–5 cm</quantity>
long;
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFE27110B9F22FDAA" box="[458,549,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pedicels</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFAFFFDBFDC1110B9F9DFDAA" box="[556,666,564,589]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="3.0">3–15 mm</quantity>
long;
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFD32110B9E98FDAA" box="[735,927,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">seed-bearing part</emphasis>
7–11 ×
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFAFFFDBFC10110B995AFDAA" box="[1021,1117,564,589]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
(excluding the wings), ovoid, sometimes slightly twisted, glabrescent, dehiscent, splitting along the wing attachment, wings subequal, base rounded, apex truncate, up to
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFAFFFDBFC161140993BFD7F" box="[1019,1084,639,664]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
long at the widest point (apically).
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFE2A119B9F0DFD5A" box="[455,522,676,701]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Seeds</emphasis>
barrel-shaped, c.
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFAFFFDBFD2A119B9E27FD5A" box="[711,800,676,701]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF291F9AFFA8FFDCFF9415759951F944" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10524199" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10524199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10524199/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[121,185,1610,1632]" targetBox="[121,1164,265,1593]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFA8FFDCFF9415759951F944" blockId="11.[121,1116,1610,1699]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA8FFDCFF9415759DD5F987" bold="true" box="[121,210,1610,1632]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFA8FFDCFF3415759C7AF987" box="[217,381,1610,1632]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carnosa">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA8FFDCFF3415759C7AF987" box="[217,381,1610,1632]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Begonia carnosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, Habit
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA8FFDCFE3215759F1DF987" box="[479,538,1610,1632]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">in situ</emphasis>
; B, habit in cultivation; C, stipule; D, male inflorescence; E, female inflorescence; F, male flower (front view); G, female flower (front view); H, infructescence; I, fruit; J, ovary (cross-section of middle part). A–J from
<emphasis id="B9229300FFA8FFDCFD5C15B29E0CF944" box="[689,779,1677,1699]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">W.H. Ardi</emphasis>
WI405. Photographs: W. H. Ardi.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34C1C99FFAFFFDAFF9411E69966FADF" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFAFFFDBFF9411E69EB4FCF0" blockId="12.[121,1076,729,791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFF9411E69DF0FD15" box="[121,247,729,754]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F3410F82FFAFFFDBFEE811E69C71FD15" box="[261,374,729,754]" name="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
: endemic to
<collectingRegion id="499281F0FFAFFFDBFDE811E69F6BFD15" box="[517,620,729,754]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="499281F0FFAFFFDBFD9811E69E8EFD15" box="[629,905,729,754]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">North Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
(eastern North biogeographical region), Kapetaran (Kapataran), Minahasa (see
<figureCitation id="136D5397FFAFFFDBFCAA11C19EA4FCF0" box="[839,931,766,791]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[121,185,1573,1595]" captionTargetBox="[121,1164,265,1554]" captionTargetId="figure-9@7.[121,1164,265,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution maps of Begonia species occurring on the northern arm of Sulawesi. Distribution points are from georeferenced collections from major herbarium collections (B, BO, E, K, KRB, L, SING), the Begonia Resource Centre (Hughes et al., 2015–) and the Sulawesi Begonia Data Portal (Thomas et al., 2013, continuously updated)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10524197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10524197/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFCAA11C19EA4FCF0" bold="true" box="[839,931,766,791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 2</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFAFFFDBFF94100D9DE0FC96" blockId="12.[121,1132,818,881]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFF94100D9DCEFCAC" box="[121,201,818,843]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Habitat</emphasis>
. Lowland forest but also in village gardens, terrestrial in soil, in full shade, at c.
<quantity id="4CAEE2F7FFAFFFDBFBD2100D996BFCAC" box="[1087,1132,818,843]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
elevation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFAFFFDBFF9410B39972FB12" blockId="12.[121,1161,908,1269]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFF9410B39F1CFC42" box="[121,539,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Proposed IUCN conservation category</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B3E454FFFAFFFDBFDC410B3993FFBF2" collectionCode="CR" county="The" location="This" municipality="South Minahasa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="B1" specimenCount="1">
Critically Endangered (
<collectionCode id="ED47D7D7FFAFFFDBFCC910B39E4CFC42" box="[804,843,908,933]" country="Costa Rica" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15652" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Herbarium">CR</collectionCode>
),
<specimenCode id="DBF0E769FFAFFFDBFCB610B39E72FC42" box="[859,885,908,933]" collectionCode="CR" country="Costa Rica" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15652" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Herbarium">B1</specimenCode>
ab(iii)+B2ab(iii).
<location id="8E8919C9FFAFFFDBFBDF10B39965FC42" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FFFE04FFA9FFDAFF94118B9966FADF:8E8919C9FFAFFFDBFBDF10B39965FC42" box="[1074,1122,908,933]" county="The" municipality="South Minahasa" name="This" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">This</location>
species is known from only two collections, namely the
<typeStatus id="54EDF1B0FFAFFFDBFD02108D9E18FC2C" box="[751,799,946,971]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
specimen from
<location id="8E8919C9FFAFFFDBFC3A108D994DFC2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FFFE04FFA9FFDAFF94118B9966FADF:8E8919C9FFAFFFDBFC3A108D994DFC2C" box="[983,1098,946,971]" county="The" municipality="South Minahasa" name="Kapetaran" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Kapetaran</location>
(Kapataran),
<location id="8E8919C9FFAFFFDBFEE710E89C7CFC17" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FFFE04FFA9FFDAFF94118B9966FADF:8E8919C9FFAFFFDBFEE710E89C7CFC17" box="[266,379,983,1008]" county="The" municipality="South Minahasa" name="Minahasa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Minahasa</location>
, and the recently collected specimens from
<location id="8E8919C9FFAFFFDBFC8610E89ED0FC17" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FFFE04FFA9FFDAFF94118B9966FADF:8E8919C9FFAFFFDBFC8610E89ED0FC17" box="[875,983,983,1008]" county="The" municipality="South Minahasa" name="Tumpaan" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tumpaan</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8DD568FFAFFFDBFC0C10E89DEDFBF2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">South Minahasa</collectingMunicipality>
, neither of which is from a legally protected area.
<collectingCounty id="6288379EFFAFFFDBFCF610C39E41FBF2" box="[795,838,1020,1045]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">The</collectingCounty>
recent collection and
</materialsCitation>
further observations were made in a residential area in the Tumpaan district, which shows significant anthropogenic disturbance. Most lowland forest both in the Tumpaan district and in Kapetaran is in very poor condition or has been converted for agricultural use. Because of its very restricted known distribution and associated small EOO and AOO, and the observed and ongoing habitat disturbances and habitat loss in Kapetaran and Tumpaan, we assess this species as Critically Endangered (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC732E3FFAFFFDBFDCE17E39962FB12" author="IUCN Standards &amp; Petitions Subcommittee" box="[547,1125,1244,1269]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref26226" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. 2019. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Downloadable from http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf" type="book" year="2019">IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFAFFFDBFF9416309EB3FAA1" blockId="12.[121,1064,1295,1350]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFF9416309CA1FAC2" box="[121,422,1295,1317]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Additional specimen examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B3E454FFFAFFFDBFE5E16309EB7FAA1" collectingDate="2019-02-04" collectionCode="BO, KRB, SING" collectorName="W. H. Ardi" country="Indonesia" location="Sulawesi" municipality="Minahasa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<collectingCountry id="F3410F82FFAFFFDBFE5E16309F1FFAC2" box="[435,536,1295,1317]" name="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">INDONESIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="499281F0FFAFFFDBFDC916309F86FAC2" box="[548,641,1295,1317]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
.
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFD6616309E28FAC2" bold="true" box="[651,815,1295,1317]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Northern arm of</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFCD816309E88FAC2" bold="true" box="[821,911,1295,1317]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sulawesi</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFC7616309DD3FAA1" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eastern North Sulawesi</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8DD568FFAFFFDBFF32160F9C43FAA1" box="[223,324,1328,1350]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Minahasa</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E8919C9FFAFFFDBFEA0160F9CFCFAA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FFFE04FFA9FFDAFF94118B9966FADF:8E8919C9FFAFFFDBFEA0160F9CFCFAA1" box="[333,507,1328,1350]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Minahasa" name="Tumpaan District" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Tumpaan District</location>
,
<date id="FFE869D2FFAFFFDBFDE9160F9F5AFAA1" box="[516,605,1328,1350]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2019-02-04">
<collectingDate id="EFAC903AFFAFFFDBFDE9160F9F5AFAA1" box="[516,605,1328,1350]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2019-02-04">4 ii 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFD8B160F9FC7FAA1" box="[614,704,1328,1350]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<collectorName id="26A32AC4FFAFFFDBFD8B160F9FC7FAA1" box="[614,704,1328,1350]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">W.H. Ardi</collectorName>
</emphasis>
WI405 (
<collectionCode id="ED47D7D7FFAFFFDBFCFE160F9E33FAA1" box="[787,820,1328,1350]" country="Indonesia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15186" name="Herbarium Bogoriense" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Herbarium">BO</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED47D7D7FFAFFFDBFCD0160F9E6EFAA1" box="[829,873,1328,1350]" country="Indonesia" name="Kebun Raya Bogor" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Herbarium">KRB</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED47D7D7FFAFFFDBFC9F160F9EACFAA1" box="[882,939,1328,1350]" country="Singapore" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFAFFFDBFF94165D9EAFF9D1" blockId="12.[121,1164,1378,1702]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFC732E3FFAFFFDBFEE2165D9F72FA9C" author="Teijsmann JE &amp; Binnendijck S." box="[271,629,1378,1403]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="420" refId="ref26867" refString="Teijsmann JE, Binnendijck S. 1863. Plantae novae in horto bogoriensi cultae. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indie. 25: 420." type="journal article" year="1863">Teijsmann &amp; Binnendijck (1863)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFAFFFDBFD6D165D9E3FFA9C" box="[640,824,1378,1403]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carnosa">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFD6D165D9E3FFA9C" box="[640,824,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Begonia carnosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was discovered in Kapetaran, Minahasa,
<collectingRegion id="499281F0FFAFFFDBFF1E16B79C5CFA46" box="[243,347,1416,1441]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
. It can be recognised by a character combination including a recurved stipule margin; a reddish petiole, which is sparsely hairy with white, long, pilose hairs; ovate to suborbicular leaf laminas with dentate to broadly dentate or shallowly scalloped margin; a pseudoterminal male inflorescence, which has cymosely branching and subumbellate partial inflorescences; and female inflorescences or fruit with persistent bracts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFAFFFDAFF74157D9EE8FDE4" blockId="12.[121,1164,1378,1702]" lastBlockId="13.[121,1164,266,1336]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Despite the rather generic, relatively short, and incomplete description, which is missing several important characters such as the number of female flowers or fruits, the protologue is consistent with the morphology of a specimen that has been identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFAFFFDBFC3F15B2998EF941" box="[978,1161,1677,1702]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carnosa">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAFFFDBFC3F15B2998EF941" box="[978,1161,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Begonia carnosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but has a different locality (
<collectingCountry id="F3410F82FFAEFFDAFE4712359F03FEC4" box="[426,516,266,291]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ternate</collectingCountry>
, which Teijsmann and Binnendijck visited in
<date id="FFE869D2FFAEFFDAFC1912359DB5FEAF" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1860-03">March 1860</date>
before traveling to
<collectingRegion id="499281F0FFAEFFDAFE6612109F3FFEAF" box="[395,568,303,328]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">North Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
) indicated on the label (
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAEFFDAFCA812109EE4FEAF" box="[837,995,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Teijsmann s.n.</emphasis>
, K). This specimen is the only material found in major herbarium collections that could potentially represent original material. It seems to be consistent with the recently collected material from Minahassa (WI405), and it is likely that the mismatch between the locality indicated in the protologue and the specimen label was the result of an error during specimen labelling. Therefore, we designate
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAEFFDAFE6312D59F2BFDE4" box="[398,556,490,515]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Teijsmann s.n.</emphasis>
(K) as the
<typeStatus id="54EDF1B0FFAEFFDAFD4B12D59E0AFDE4" box="[678,781,490,515]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFAEFFDAFCDC12D59EEFFDE4" box="[817,1000,490,515]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carnosa">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAEFFDAFCDC12D59EEFFDE4" box="[817,1000,490,515]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Begonia carnosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFAEFFDAFF7411309E93FC0F" blockId="13.[121,1164,266,1336]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The name
<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFAEFFDAFEFC11309CF7FDCF" box="[273,496,527,552]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteroclinis">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAEFFDAFEFC11309CF7FDCF" box="[273,496,527,552]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Begonia heteroclinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was ascribed to Miquel and the species was described in a publication by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC732E3FFAEFFDAFEA0110B9F3BFDAA" author="Koorders SH" box="[333,572,564,589]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 716" refId="ref26331" refString="Koorders SH. 1898. Verslaag eener botanische dienstreis door de Minahasa. Mededeelingen uit's Lands Plantentuin. 19: 1 - 716." type="journal article" year="1898">Koorders (1898: 484)</bibRefCitation>
explicitly stating that the description was written by J.J. Smith.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC732E3FFAEFFDAFEF411659CD6FD94" author="Koorders SH" box="[281,465,602,627]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 716" refId="ref26331" refString="Koorders SH. 1898. Verslaag eener botanische dienstreis door de Minahasa. Mededeelingen uit's Lands Plantentuin. 19: 1 - 716." type="journal article" year="1898">Koorders (1898)</bibRefCitation>
mentions living material of this species cultivated at Bogor Botanic Gardens as well as original material by Miquel in the Herb. Hort. Bogor, but without providing any collector information. Corresponding herbarium voucher could not be located in the Herbarium Bogoriense (BO), however, and the only currently available potentially original material is
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAEFFDAFE2011D09FE8FCEF" box="[461,751,751,776]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Teijsmann &amp; de Vriese s.n.</emphasis>
(L0701077), a specimen in the Leiden herbarium labelled “
<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFAEFFDAFE41102B9F8CFCCA" box="[428,651,788,813]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteroclinis">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAEFFDAFE41102B9F8CFCCA" box="[428,651,788,813]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Begonia heteroclinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” in Miquel’s handwriting. The specimen corresponds with the protologue, because it has a creeping stem with moderately long internodes, long petioles, ovate to suborbicular leaves, and female inflorescences or infructescences with two flowers or fruits. The specimen was collected when Teijsmann and de Vriese explored the
<collectingCountry id="F3410F82FFAEFFDAFE4110959F1DFC24" box="[428,538,938,963]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingRegion id="499281F0FFAEFFDAFDBF10959FBDFC24" box="[594,698,938,963]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
. Therefore, we designate
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAEFFDAFC3710959DEBFC0F" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Teijsmann &amp; de Vriese s.n.</emphasis>
(L [L0701077]) here as the
<typeStatus id="54EDF1B0FFAEFFDAFDCF10F09F8EFC0F" box="[546,649,975,1000]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFAEFFDAFD4210F09E8AFC0F" box="[687,909,975,1000]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteroclinis">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAEFFDAFD4210F09E8AFC0F" box="[687,909,975,1000]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Begonia heteroclinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE94F12FFAEFFDAFF7410CB9966FADF" blockId="13.[121,1164,266,1336]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Based on the newly available material from recent expeditions, including both herbarium specimens and cultivated plants in the living collections of the Bogor Botanic Gardens, a detailed description of the species could be completed and compared with the two original descriptions as well as with the illustrations in Koorders’
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAEFFDAFD00175B9EABFB9A" box="[749,940,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Flora van
<collectingRegion id="499281F0FFAEFFDAFCBB175B9EABFB9A" box="[854,940,1124,1149]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Celebes</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC732E3FFAEFFDAFC54175B9D9DFB44" author="Koorders SH" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 716" refId="ref26331" refString="Koorders SH. 1898. Verslaag eener botanische dienstreis door de Minahasa. Mededeelingen uit's Lands Plantentuin. 19: 1 - 716." type="journal article" year="1898">Koorders, 1898: 97</bibRefCitation>
). There are clearly strong similarities in crucial generative characters, such as male and female inflorescence architecture and fruit morphology, and also in some additional vegetative characters, such as the creeping stems with relatively long internodes (relatively rare character in
<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFAEFFDAFEEE17C59F21FAF4" box="[259,550,1274,1299]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Petermannia">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAEFFDAFEEE17C59C5CFAF4" box="[259,347,1274,1299]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Begonia</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAEFFDAFE7017C59F21FAF4" box="[413,550,1274,1299]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Petermannia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) as well as the petiole length and leaf shape. Based on these observations, we propose to reduce
<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFAEFFDAFDA316209E2EFADF" box="[590,809,1311,1336]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteroclinis">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAEFFDAFDA316209E2EFADF" box="[590,809,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Begonia heteroclinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C563491FFAEFFDAFC051620995DFADF" box="[1000,1114,1311,1336]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carnosa">
<emphasis id="B9229300FFAEFFDAFC051620995DFADF" box="[1000,1114,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. carnosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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