treatments-xml/data/03/F9/87/03F98793FF8472252BCFFF4FA105F856.xml

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<mods:title>Systematics and preliminary phylogeny of Bornellidae (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Dendronotina) based on morphological characters with description of four new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Pola, Marta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Rudman, William B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Gosliner, Terrence M.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[151,541,151,212]" box="[151,541,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,541,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
<taxonomicName authority="Angas, 1864" authorityName="Angas" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,541,151,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,541,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,383,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bornella hermanni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Angas" box="[390,541,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" refString="Angas, G, F. (1864) Description d'especes nouvelles appartenant a plusieurs genres de Mollusques Nudibranches des environs de Port-Jackson (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud), accompagnee de dessins faits d'apres nature. Journal de Conchyliologie, 12, 43 - 70." type="journal article" year="1864">
Angas, 
<number box="[483,541,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1864.0">1864</number>
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</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,541,151,212]" box="[151,372,186,212]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,292,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – E" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[187,1406,226,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[125,1461,174,1887]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – E, Drawings of reproductive systems of Bornella spp. A, Bornella stellifer (CASIZ 075076). B, B. calcarata (CASIZ 118665). C, B. hermanni (AM C. 113793). D, B. sarape (LACM 24996). E, B. anguilla (CASIZ 173389). Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; fglm, female gland mass; hd, hermaphrodite duct; p, penis; pb, penial bulb; pr, prostate; rs, distal allosperm receptacle; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185134/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Figures 
<number box="[256,272,186,212]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="4.0">4</number>
C
</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[305,364,186,212]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStart-3="FIGURE 9" captionStart-4="FIGURE 10" captionStart-5="FIGURE 11" captionStartId-0="17.[151,255,1711,1735]" captionStartId-1="18.[151,255,1880,1904]" captionStartId-2="19.[151,255,1026,1050]" captionStartId-3="20.[151,255,1343,1367]" captionStartId-4="21.[151,255,1427,1451]" captionStartId-5="22.[151,255,1450,1474]" captionTargetBox-0="[191,1395,670,1683]" captionTargetBox-1="[192,1394,707,1850]" captionTargetBox-2="[244,1342,197,1001]" captionTargetBox-3="[248,1340,197,1312]" captionTargetBox-4="[192,1395,182,1406]" captionTargetBox-5="[192,1394,197,1422]" captionTargetId-0="figure@17.[191,1395,669,1685]" captionTargetId-1="figure@18.[192,1395,707,1851]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[244,1344,197,1002]" captionTargetId-3="figure@20.[246,1340,197,1314]" captionTargetId-4="figure@21.[192,1395,181,1408]" captionTargetId-5="figure@22.[192,1395,197,1423]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="20" captionTargetPageId-4="21" captionTargetPageId-5="22" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864. A, Original painting of Bornella hermanni showing detail lost in Angas, 1864: Plate 6. B, Original picture of Bornella japonica from Baba, 1949. C – F, Living animals. C – D, Specimens from Japan, Okinawa, Photos: R. F. Bolland (CASIZ 174980, CASIZ 174986). E, Indian Ocean, Christmas Is., Photo: C. Tong (AM C. 127467). F, New South Wales, Photo: W. B. Rudman (AM C. 112212)." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864. A – F, Living animals. A-E, Specimens from New South Wales. A, Photo: J. Wyche (AM C. 126475); B, Photo: W. B. Rudman (AM C. 152056); C, Photo: W. B. Rudman (AM C. 138000); D, Photo: J. Fields (AM C. 113793); E, Photo: J. Fields (AM C. 108069). F. Marshall Islands, Photo: S. Johnson (CASIZ 175404)." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864. A, Detail of the rodlets of the left labial cuticle (NSMT-Op: 32, scale bar: 100 Μm). B, Jaws (NSMT-Op: 32, scale bar: 200 Μm). C, Right half-rows of radular teeth (CASIZ 174980, scale bar: 20 Μm). D, Right half-rows of radular teeth (AM C. 108069, scale bar: 10 Μm)." captionText-3="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864. A – F, Rachidian tooth variability. A – C, Specimens from Japan: A, NSMO-Op: 32, scale bar: 10 Μm. B, CASIZ 174980, scale bar: 10 Μm. D, Specimen from Indian Ocean: AM C. 127467, scale bar: 3 Μm. E – F, Specimens from New South Wales: E, AM C. 112212, scale bar: 10 Μm. F, AM C. 126475, scale bar: 10 Μm." captionText-4="FIGURE 10. Scanning electron micrographs of Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864. A – F, Rachidian tooth variability. A – D, Specimens from New South Wales: A, AM C. 152056, scale bar: 10 Μm. B, AM C. 138000, scale bar: 2 Μm. C, AM C. 113793, scale bar: 3 Μm. D, AM C. 108069, scale bar: 10 Μm. E, Specimen from Malaysia: CASIZ 175745, scale bar: 3 Μm. F, Specimen from Marshall Islands: CASIZ 175404, scale bar: 10 Μm." captionText-5="FIGURE 11. Scanning electron micrographs of Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864. A – C, Posterior chamber of the stomach variability: A, NSMO-Op: 32, scale bar: 300 Μm. B, AM C. 127467, scale bar: 60 Μm. C, AM C. 152056, scale bar: 100 Μm. D – F, Penis variability: D, NSMO-Op: 32, 1 mm. E, AM C. 112212, scale bar: 100 Μm. F, AM C. 108069, scale bar: 100 Μm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/185136/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/185137/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/185138/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/185139/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/185140/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/185141/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<number box="[305,364,186,212]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="8.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="6.0">6–11</number>
</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,728,258,281]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Angas, 1864: 61" authorityName="Angas" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,534,258,281]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni">
<emphasis box="[151,353,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bornella hermanni</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Angas" box="[359,534,258,281]" page="61" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1864">
<bibRefCitation author="Angas" box="[359,498,258,281]" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" refString="Angas, G, F. (1864) Description d'especes nouvelles appartenant a plusieurs genres de Mollusques Nudibranches des environs de Port-Jackson (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud), accompagnee de dessins faits d'apres nature. Journal de Conchyliologie, 12, 43 - 70." type="journal article" year="1864">
Angas, 
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: 
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–62, Pl. VI, fig. 
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1040,258,314]" box="[151,1040,290,314]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,1040,290,314]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Baba, 1949: 88" authorityName="Baba" authorityPageNumber="88" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,513,290,313]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis box="[151,344,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bornella japonica</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Baba" box="[351,513,290,313]" page="88" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1949">
<bibRefCitation author="Baba" box="[351,476,290,313]" pageId="16" pageNumber="54" refString="Baba, K. (1949) Opisthobranchia of Sagami Bay Collected by: His Majesty The Emperor of Japan. Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo, 194 pp., 50 pls." type="book" year="1949">
Baba, 
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: 
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–89, 168, Text-fig. 
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, Pl. 
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, fig. 
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. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[941,1040,290,314]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">syn. nov.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1437,362,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,524,362,388]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Material examined: 
<collectingCountry box="[407,524,362,388]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: AM C. 
<number box="[633,724,362,388]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="152056.0">152056</number>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[736,847,362,388]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
, New South 
<collectingCountry box="[1001,1075,362,388]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Wales</collectingCountry>
, off Port Stephens, 
<quantity box="[1308,1368,362,388]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
E. of South Head, Boondelbah 
<collectingCountry box="[467,542,402,428]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Island</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[559,709,402,428]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="-32.70883">
<number box="[559,588,402,428]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="32.0">32</number>
° 
<number box="[600,690,402,428]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="42530.0">42.530</number>
’S
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<number box="[726,770,402,428]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="152.0">152</number>
° 
<geoCoordinate box="[782,893,402,428]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="13.65">
<number box="[782,868,402,428]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="13650.0">13.650</number>
E’
</geoCoordinate>
, one specimen 
<quantity box="[1088,1175,402,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
preserved, dissected, 
<date box="[151,340,442,468]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1986-12">
December 
<number box="[279,340,442,468]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</date>
, coll: J. W. Ellis. AM C. 
<number box="[640,731,442,468]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="108069.0">108069</number>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[743,853,442,468]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
, New South 
<collectingCountry box="[1006,1080,442,468]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Wales</collectingCountry>
, Sydney, Bondi, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1281,1431,442,468]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="-33.891666">
<number box="[1281,1310,442,468]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="33.0">33</number>
° 
<number box="[1322,1412,442,468]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="53500.0">53.500</number>
’S
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<number box="[151,195,482,508]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="151.0">151</number>
° 
<geoCoordinate box="[206,317,482,508]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="17.0">
<number box="[206,292,482,508]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="17000.0">17.000</number>
E’
</geoCoordinate>
, intertidal on wharf piles, five specimens (two dissected) about 
<number box="[1074,1089,482,508]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="7.0">7</number>
and 
<quantity box="[1148,1232,482,508]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
preserved, 
<date pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1977-10">
October 
<number box="[197,258,522,548]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1977.0">1977</number>
</date>
, coll: Kuiter &amp; Reynolds. AM C. 
<number box="[664,755,522,548]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="126475.0">126475</number>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[768,878,522,548]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
, New South 
<collectingCountry box="[1032,1106,522,548]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Wales</collectingCountry>
, Jervis Bay, Summer Cloud Bay, 
<geoCoordinate box="[213,363,562,588]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="-35.1735">
<number box="[213,242,562,588]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="35.0">35</number>
° 
<number box="[254,343,562,588]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="10410.0">10.410</number>
’S
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[378,545,562,588]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="150.688">
<number box="[378,422,562,588]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="150.0">150</number>
° 
<number box="[434,522,562,588]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="41280.0">41.280</number>
’E
</geoCoordinate>
, one specimen 
<quantity box="[732,816,562,588]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
preserved, dissected, 
<date box="[1081,1242,562,588]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1981-01">
January 
<number box="[1181,1242,562,588]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1981.0">1981</number>
</date>
, coll: J. Wyche. AM C. 
<date box="[239,329,602,628]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="12-11-22">
<number box="[239,329,602,628]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="112212.0">112212</number>
</date>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[341,451,602,628]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
, New South 
<collectingCountry box="[600,674,602,628]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Wales</collectingCountry>
, Jervis Bay, Callala Point, 
<number box="[987,1016,602,628]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="35.0">35</number>
° 
<number box="[1028,1079,602,628]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="500.0">500</number>
’S, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1113,1280,602,628]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="150.7225">
<number box="[1113,1157,602,628]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="150.0">150</number>
° 
<number box="[1169,1257,602,628]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="43350.0">43.350</number>
’E
</geoCoordinate>
, under rocks, sheltered rock platform, three specimens 
<quantity box="[644,768,642,668]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10-15 mm</quantity>
preserved, 
<date box="[907,1111,642,668]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1978-10-18">
<number box="[907,936,642,668]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="18.0">18</number>
October 
<number box="[1049,1111,642,668]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1978.0">1978</number>
</date>
. AM C. 
<number box="[1218,1308,642,668]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="113793.0">113793</number>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1321,1431,642,668]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
, New South 
<collectingCountry box="[293,367,682,708]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Wales</collectingCountry>
, Sydney, N. Collaroy Long Reef, 
<geoCoordinate box="[778,928,682,708]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="-33.743332">
<number box="[778,807,682,708]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="33.0">33</number>
° 
<number box="[819,909,682,708]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="44600.0">44.600</number>
’S
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[942,1108,682,708]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="151.31">
<number box="[942,986,682,708]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="151.0">151</number>
° 
<number box="[998,1085,682,708]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="18600.0">18.600</number>
’E
</geoCoordinate>
, one specimen 
<quantity box="[1295,1380,682,708]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
preserved, dissected, 
<date box="[367,581,722,748]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1978-12-02">
<number box="[367,382,722,748]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2.0">2</number>
December 
<number box="[520,581,722,748]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1978.0">1978</number>
</date>
, coll: I. Loch. AM C. 
<number box="[849,940,722,748]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="151993.0">151993</number>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[953,1064,722,748]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
, New South 
<collectingCountry box="[1218,1292,722,748]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Wales</collectingCountry>
, Sydney, N. Bungan Head, 
<geoCoordinate box="[328,479,762,788]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="-33.666668">
<number box="[328,357,762,788]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="33.0">33</number>
° 
<number box="[369,459,762,788]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="40000.0">40.000</number>
’S
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[492,658,762,788]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="151.32333">
<number box="[492,536,762,788]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="151.0">151</number>
° 
<number box="[548,635,762,788]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="19400.0">19.400</number>
’E
</geoCoordinate>
, rock platform, LSW, one specimen 
<quantity box="[1095,1178,762,788]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
preserved, 
<date pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1986-11-02">
<number box="[1316,1331,762,788]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2.0">2</number>
November 
<number box="[197,258,802,828]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</date>
, coll: I. Loch. AM C. 
<number box="[527,618,802,828]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="138000.0">138000</number>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[632,742,802,828]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
, New South 
<collectingCountry box="[897,971,802,828]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Wales</collectingCountry>
, Twofold Bay, Brierly Point, intertidal, one specimen 
<quantity box="[321,405,842,868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
preserved, dissected, 
<date box="[666,880,842,868]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1983-02-26">
<number box="[666,695,842,868]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="26.0">26</number>
February 
<number box="[819,880,842,868]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1983.0">1983</number>
</date>
, coll: W.B. Rudman. 
<collectingCountry box="[1137,1213,842,868]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1137,1213,842,868]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Japan</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
: NSMT-Op R: 
<number box="[1399,1431,842,868]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="38.0">38</number>
, 
<typeStatus box="[151,245,882,908]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">syntype</typeStatus>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[260,330,882,908]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Sagami Bay, Hayama, Isshiki, shallow water, adult specimen 
<quantity box="[1096,1182,882,908]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
preserved, 
<date pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1929-08-08">
<number box="[1325,1340,882,908]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="8.0">8</number>
August 
<number box="[151,212,922,948]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1929.0">1929</number>
</date>
, coll: Baba. NSMT-Op R: 
<number box="[543,575,922,948]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="32.0">32</number>
, 
<typeStatus box="[590,684,922,948]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">syntype</typeStatus>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[699,769,922,948]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Sagami Bay, Hayama, Najima, 
<number box="[1167,1254,922,948]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9 to 11</number>
fathoms, adult specimen 
<quantity box="[268,350,962,988]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
preserved, described and partially dissected by 
<bibRefCitation author="Baba" box="[906,1077,962,988]" pageId="16" pageNumber="54" refString="Baba, K. (1949) Opisthobranchia of Sagami Bay Collected by: His Majesty The Emperor of Japan. Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo, 194 pp., 50 pls." type="book" year="1949">
K. Baba, 
<number box="[1016,1077,962,988]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1949.0">1949</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, full dissected in this paper, 
<date pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1929-06-26">
<number box="[1407,1436,962,988]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="26.0">26</number>
June 
<number box="[213,275,1002,1028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1929.0">1929</number>
</date>
. 
<collectionCode box="[287,372,1002,1028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CASIZ</collectionCode>
<number box="[380,471,1002,1028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="174980.0">174980</number>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[484,554,1002,1028]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Okinawa, Seragaki, 1.3 km E.N.E of Maeki-zaki, 
<quantity box="[1159,1220,1002,1028]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="69.0">69 m</quantity>
depth, one immature specimen 
<quantity box="[323,406,1042,1068]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
alive (
<quantity box="[488,572,1042,1068]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
preserved), 
<date box="[719,887,1042,1068]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1997-03-01">
<number box="[719,733,1042,1068]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1.0">1</number>
March 
<number box="[826,887,1042,1068]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1997.0">1997</number>
</date>
, coll: R. Bolland. 
<collectionCode box="[1104,1189,1042,1068]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CASIZ</collectionCode>
<number box="[1197,1288,1042,1068]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="174986.0">174986</number>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1300,1370,1042,1068]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Okinawa, Horseshoe Cliffs, 
<quantity box="[441,501,1082,1108]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="59.0">59 m</quantity>
depth, one specimen 
<quantity box="[758,841,1082,1108]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
alive (
<quantity box="[923,1007,1082,1108]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
preserved), 
<date box="[1153,1336,1082,1108]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1997-03-29">
<number box="[1153,1182,1082,1108]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="29.0">29</number>
March 
<number box="[1275,1336,1082,1108]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1997.0">1997</number>
</date>
, coll: R. Bolland. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[261,375,1122,1148]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<collectingCountry box="[261,375,1122,1148]" name="Malaysia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectionCode box="[393,478,1122,1148]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CASIZ</collectionCode>
<number box="[488,579,1122,1148]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="175745.0">175745</number>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[594,705,1122,1148]" name="Malaysia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[719,786,1122,1148]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pulau</collectingCountry>
Tenggol, north point, one specimen 
<quantity box="[1233,1304,1122,1148]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
preserved, dissected, 
<quantity box="[273,333,1162,1188]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
depth, 
<date box="[422,653,1162,1188]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2007-09-30">
<number box="[422,451,1162,1188]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="30.0">30</number>
September 
<number box="[592,653,1162,1188]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2007.0">2007</number>
</date>
, coll: T.M. Gosliner. 
<collectionCode box="[904,989,1162,1188]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CASIZ</collectionCode>
<number box="[997,1088,1162,1188]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="175744.0">175744</number>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1100,1211,1162,1188]" name="Malaysia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, Tokong Kamundi, one specimen 
<quantity box="[319,388,1202,1228]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
preserved, 
<quantity box="[524,584,1202,1228]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity>
depth, 
<date box="[672,904,1202,1228]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2007-09-29">
<number box="[672,701,1202,1228]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="29.0">29</number>
September 
<number box="[843,904,1202,1228]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2007.0">2007</number>
</date>
, coll: T.M. Gosliner. 
<collectionCode box="[1155,1240,1202,1228]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CASIZ</collectionCode>
<number box="[1248,1339,1202,1228]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="175743.0">175743</number>
, 
<collectingCountry name="Malaysia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[200,267,1242,1268]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pulau</collectingCountry>
Tenggol, north Point, one specimen 
<quantity box="[710,780,1242,1268]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
preserved, dissected, 
<quantity box="[1044,1105,1242,1268]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="21.0">21 m</quantity>
depth, 
<date box="[1197,1432,1242,1268]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2007-09-29">
<number box="[1197,1226,1242,1268]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="29.0">29</number>
September 
<number box="[1370,1432,1242,1268]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2007.0">2007</number>
</date>
, coll: T.M. Gosliner. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[386,555,1282,1308]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Indian Ocean</emphasis>
: AM C. 
<number box="[657,748,1282,1308]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="127467.0">127467</number>
, Indian Ocean, 
<collectingCountry box="[929,1130,1282,1308]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1140,1238,1282,1308]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="-10.433333">
<number box="[1140,1169,1282,1308]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="10.0">10</number>
° 
<number box="[1181,1216,1282,1308]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="26.0">26</number>
’S
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<number box="[1250,1294,1282,1308]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="105.0">105</number>
° 
<number box="[1306,1340,1282,1308]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="40.0">40</number>
’ 
<number box="[1345,1360,1282,1308]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="7.0">7</number>
E, 
<quantity box="[1392,1436,1282,1308]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
depth, one specimen 
<quantity box="[400,469,1322,1348]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
alive, 
<date box="[549,761,1322,1348]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1981-02-21">
<number box="[549,578,1322,1348]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="21.0">21</number>
February 
<number box="[700,761,1322,1348]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1981.0">1981</number>
</date>
, coll: C. Tong. 
<collectionCode box="[945,1030,1322,1348]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CASIZ</collectionCode>
<number box="[1038,1129,1322,1348]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="175404.0">175404</number>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1141,1245,1322,1348]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Marshall</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry box="[1253,1328,1322,1348]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Island</collectingCountry>
, Oceanside Ennubuj-Ennylabegan reef, Kwajalein Atoll, on hydroid on bottom of surge channel at night, one specimen 
<quantity box="[209,291,1402,1428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
alive, dissected, 
<quantity box="[492,551,1402,1428]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
depth, 
<date box="[638,805,1402,1428]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2007-04-15">
<number box="[638,667,1402,1428]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="15.0">15</number>
April 
<number box="[744,805,1402,1428]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2007.0">2007</number>
</date>
, coll: S. Johnson.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1437,362,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,514,1442,1468]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Geographic Distribution:</emphasis>
Originally described from eastern 
<collectingCountry box="[923,1030,1442,1468]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Angas" box="[1046,1190,1442,1468]" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" refString="Angas, G, F. (1864) Description d'especes nouvelles appartenant a plusieurs genres de Mollusques Nudibranches des environs de Port-Jackson (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud), accompagnee de dessins faits d'apres nature. Journal de Conchyliologie, 12, 43 - 70." type="journal article" year="1864">
Angas 
<number box="[1130,1190,1442,1468]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1864.0">1864</number>
</bibRefCitation>
) it has been reported from 
<collectingCountry box="[220,287,1482,1508]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Japan</collectingCountry>
under the synonym 
<taxonomicName box="[547,688,1483,1508]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis box="[547,688,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Baba" box="[708,844,1482,1508]" pageId="16" pageNumber="54" refString="Baba, K. (1949) Opisthobranchia of Sagami Bay Collected by: His Majesty The Emperor of Japan. Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo, 194 pp., 50 pls." type="book" year="1949">
Baba 
<number box="[782,844,1482,1508]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1949.0">1949</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Okutani" box="[861,1030,1482,1508]" pageId="16" pageNumber="56" refString="Okutani, T. (2000) Marine Mollusks in Japan. Tokay University Press, Tokyo, Japan, 1173 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Okutani 
<number box="[968,1030,1482,1508]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2000.0">2000</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Nakano" box="[1047,1213,1482,1508]" pageId="16" pageNumber="56" refString="Nakano, R. (2001) Bornella japonica? from Hachijo Is. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http: // www. seaslugforum. net / find. cfm? id = 5499 (1 November 2001), (Last accessed: 26 October 2008)." type="book" year="2001">
Nakano 
<number box="[1151,1213,1482,1508]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2001.0">2001</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Nishina" box="[1230,1411,1482,1508]" pageId="16" pageNumber="56" refString="Nishina, M. (2001 a) Bornella japonica? from Japan. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http: // www. seaslugforum. net / find. cfm? id = 5214 (12 September 2001), (Last accessed: 26 October 2008)." type="book" year="2001" yearSuffix="a">
Nishina 
<number box="[1334,1397,1482,1508]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2001.0">2001</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Nishina" box="[1415,1431,1482,1508]" pageId="16" pageNumber="56" refString="Nishina, M. (2001 b) Bornella japonica? from Japan. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http: // www. seaslugforum. net / find. cfm? id = 5572 (1 November 2001), (Last accessed: 26 October 2008)." type="book" year="2001" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Masayoshi" box="[151,349,1522,1548]" pageId="16" pageNumber="56" refString="Masayoshi, N. (2002) Bornella stellifer mating. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http: // www. seaslugforum. net / find. cfm? id = 7728 (9 October 2002), (Last accessed: 26 October 2008)." type="book" year="2002">
Masayoshi 
<number box="[285,349,1522,1548]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2002.0">2002</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). It has also been found in the 
<collectingCountry box="[704,898,1522,1548]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Marshall Islands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Johnson" box="[913,1252,1522,1548]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" refString="Johnson, S. (2007) Bornella japonica? from the Marshall Islands. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http: // www. seaslugforum. net / find. cfm? id = 19286 (25 May 2007), (Last accessed: 26 October 2008)." type="book" year="2007">
Johnson 
<number box="[1019,1081,1522,1548]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2007.0">2007</number>
; present study
</bibRefCitation>
), Indian Ocean, 
<collectingCountry box="[151,258,1562,1588]" name="Malaysia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(present study) and 
<collectingCountry box="[497,569,1562,1588]" name="South Korea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Koh" box="[584,708,1562,1588]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" refString="Koh, D. B. (2006) Sea Slugs of Korea. Published by Pungdeung, Korea, 248 pp." type="book" year="2006">
Koh 
<number box="[644,708,1562,1588]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2006.0">2006</number>
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1437,362,2028]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,152,618]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,476,1602,1628]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">External morphology:</emphasis>
The general body shape is elongate and limaciform with the posterior end of the foot being long and tapering. The living adults are up to 
<quantity box="[831,915,1642,1668]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
in length. The animal is translucent creamwhite with a network of red-orange broken lines on the back and both sides of the body and scattered subepidermal opaque white granules. This color pattern may extend to the stalk of the rhinophore sheaths and the dorsolateral processes. Most of the specimens examined in this study are shown in 
<figureCitation box="[1135,1234,1762,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1711,1735]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,670,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[191,1395,669,1685]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864. A, Original painting of Bornella hermanni showing detail lost in Angas, 1864: Plate 6. B, Original picture of Bornella japonica from Baba, 1949. C – F, Living animals. C – D, Specimens from Japan, Okinawa, Photos: R. F. Bolland (CASIZ 174980, CASIZ 174986). E, Indian Ocean, Christmas Is., Photo: C. Tong (AM C. 127467). F, New South Wales, Photo: W. B. Rudman (AM C. 112212)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185136/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Figure 
<quantity box="[1220,1234,1762,1788]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="6.0">6</quantity>
</figureCitation>
in order to show its external variability. 
<figureCitation box="[424,522,1802,1828]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1711,1735]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,670,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[191,1395,669,1685]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864. A, Original painting of Bornella hermanni showing detail lost in Angas, 1864: Plate 6. B, Original picture of Bornella japonica from Baba, 1949. C – F, Living animals. C – D, Specimens from Japan, Okinawa, Photos: R. F. Bolland (CASIZ 174980, CASIZ 174986). E, Indian Ocean, Christmas Is., Photo: C. Tong (AM C. 127467). F, New South Wales, Photo: W. B. Rudman (AM C. 112212)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185136/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Figure 
<number box="[508,522,1802,1828]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="6.0">6</number>
</figureCitation>
A shows the original painting from Angas (
<number box="[1040,1104,1802,1828]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1964.0">1964</number>
). The lobe-like oral tentacle papillae, the branches of the rhinophore sheaths and the dorsolateral processes are white, sometimes with some yellow-orange pigmentation. The head is rounded, bearing on either side of the mouth an oral lobe, each consisting in 
<number box="[307,381,1922,1948]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="13.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="13.0">13–14</number>
finger-like papillae of unequal length arranged in three different rows. The smaller specimens bear usually 
<number box="[381,469,1962,1988]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="10.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="9.0">9 to 12</number>
papillae. The rhinophore sheaths are tall and the rhinophore, at the tip of each sheath, bears between 
<number box="[417,514,2002,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15 to 20</number>
lamellae. At the upper edge of each sheath are three long and narrow anterior and anterolateral papillae and a taller, posterior sail-like papilla, which bears two or three secondary papillae. Behind the rhinophores there are three pairs of dorsolateral processes, followed by two unpaired processes in the dorsal midline. The number of processes was consistent in all specimen examined, except for one specimen, which had a forth small pair (
<figureCitation box="[557,627,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[151,255,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[192,1394,707,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1395,707,1851]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864. A – F, Living animals. A-E, Specimens from New South Wales. A, Photo: J. Wyche (AM C. 126475); B, Photo: W. B. Rudman (AM C. 152056); C, Photo: W. B. Rudman (AM C. 138000); D, Photo: J. Fields (AM C. 113793); E, Photo: J. Fields (AM C. 108069). F. Marshall Islands, Photo: S. Johnson (CASIZ 175404)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185137/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Fig. 
<number box="[611,627,272,298]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="7.0">7</number>
</figureCitation>
B). The first and second pair of the dorsolateral processes has three or four branches, one larger at the center (which can be bifurcate) and two smaller laterals. The third pair of processes usually has three branches. In those paired dorsolateral processes with four branches, there are three tripinnate translucent gills located on the inner surface, at the junction of each lateral papilla with the middle one. In those paired dorsolateral processes with three branches, there are only two gills. The two posterior, single, dorsal processes are simple and decrease in size towards the tail. The anus is located on the right side of the dorsum between the first and second pair of dorsolateral processes, closer to the second. The reproductive opening is located on the right side, midway between the rhinophore sheath and the first dorsolateral process.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185136/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[191,1395,670,1683]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1436,1711,1838]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,1711,1735]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName authority="Angas, 1864" authorityName="Angas" authorityYear="1864" box="[290,641,1711,1735]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni">
<emphasis box="[290,493,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bornella hermanni</emphasis>
Angas, 1864
</taxonomicName>
. A, Original painting of 
<taxonomicName box="[909,1112,1712,1735]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni">
<emphasis box="[909,1112,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bornella hermanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing detail lost in Angas, 1864: Plate 6. B, Original picture of 
<taxonomicName box="[555,749,1746,1769]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis box="[555,749,1746,1769]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bornella japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Baba, 1949. C–F, Living animals. C–D, Specimens from Japan, Okinawa, Photos: R.F. Bolland (CASIZ 174980, CASIZ 174986). E, Indian Ocean, Christmas Is., Photo: C. Tong (AM C. 127467). F, New South Wales, Photo: W.B. Rudman (AM C. 112212).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1436,1890,2035]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,1165,2020]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,433,1890,1916]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Alimentary Canal:</emphasis>
The buccal bulb is relatively large. The labial cuticle is thick, with a labial armature of irregular, cuticular rodlets surrounding the opening from the oral tube into the buccal bulb. The rodlets are elongate and numerous (
<figureCitation box="[441,511,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,197,1001]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[244,1344,197,1002]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864. A, Detail of the rodlets of the left labial cuticle (NSMT-Op: 32, scale bar: 100 Μm). B, Jaws (NSMT-Op: 32, scale bar: 200 Μm). C, Right half-rows of radular teeth (CASIZ 174980, scale bar: 20 Μm). D, Right half-rows of radular teeth (AM C. 108069, scale bar: 10 Μm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185138/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Fig. 
<number box="[497,511,1969,1995]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="8.0">8</number>
</figureCitation>
A). The jaws are roughly oval in shape, without a distinct masticatory process (
<figureCitation box="[159,230,2009,2035]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,197,1001]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[244,1344,197,1002]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864. A, Detail of the rodlets of the left labial cuticle (NSMT-Op: 32, scale bar: 100 Μm). B, Jaws (NSMT-Op: 32, scale bar: 200 Μm). C, Right half-rows of radular teeth (CASIZ 174980, scale bar: 20 Μm). D, Right half-rows of radular teeth (AM C. 108069, scale bar: 10 Μm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185138/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Fig. 
<number box="[215,230,2009,2035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="8.0">8</number>
</figureCitation>
B). The radular formula of the 
<typeStatus box="[600,691,2009,2035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">syntype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName box="[732,879,2009,2034]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni">
<emphasis box="[732,879,2009,2034]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. hermanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 
<date box="[915,968,2009,2035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1935-10">
<number box="[915,944,2009,2035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="35.0">35</number>
x
</date>
<date box="[976,1064,2009,2035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="14-01-14">
14.1. 
<number box="[1034,1064,2009,2035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="14.0">14</number>
</date>
(NSMT-Op R: 
<quantity box="[1252,1381,2009,2035]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2399999999999998" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="32.4">32, 40 mm</quantity>
preserved). Other specimens dissected have the formulae: 
<date box="[832,889,152,178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1928-10">
<number box="[832,861,152,178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="28.0">28</number>
x
</date>
<date box="[901,987,152,178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="11-11-01">
11.1. 
<number box="[959,987,152,178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="11.0">11</number>
</date>
(
<collectionCode box="[1007,1094,152,178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">CASIZ</collectionCode>
<quantity box="[1107,1302,152,178]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7498017999999997" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="174980.18">174980, 18 mm</quantity>
preserved; 
<collectionCode box="[151,236,191,217]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">CASIZ</collectionCode>
<quantity box="[242,427,191,217]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.749861" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="174986.1">174986, 10 mm</quantity>
preserved), 
<date box="[571,654,191,217]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1911-10-25">
<number box="[571,600,191,217]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="25.0">25</number>
x 
<number box="[629,654,191,217]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="11.0">11</number>
</date>
– 
<date box="[670,759,191,217]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="11-12-01">12.1.11</date>
– 
<number box="[775,803,191,217]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="12.0">12</number>
(
<collectionCode box="[817,904,191,217]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">CASIZ</collectionCode>
<quantity box="[911,1096,191,217]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7540415" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="175404.15">175404, 15 mm</quantity>
alive), 
<date box="[1183,1234,191,217]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1922-10">
<number box="[1183,1212,191,217]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="22.0">22</number>
x
</date>
<date box="[1241,1329,191,217]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="10-10-01">
10.1. 
<number box="[1299,1329,191,217]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="10.0">10</number>
</date>
and 
<number box="[1385,1414,191,217]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="15.0">15</number>
x 
<date box="[151,237,231,257]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="11-11-01">
11.1. 
<number box="[209,237,231,257]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="11.0">11</number>
</date>
(AM C. 
<number box="[352,472,231,257]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="108069.7">108069, 7</number>
and 
<quantity box="[535,621,231,257]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
preserved), 
<date box="[772,827,231,257]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1923-10">
<number box="[772,801,231,257]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="23.0">23</number>
x
</date>
<date box="[837,924,231,257]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="10-10-01">
10.1. 
<number box="[894,924,231,257]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="10.0">10</number>
</date>
(AM C. 
<quantity box="[1040,1230,231,257]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2647511" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="126475.11">126475, 11 mm</quantity>
preserved), 
<date pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1922-10-08">
<number box="[1381,1410,231,257]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="22.0">22</number>
x 
<number box="[151,163,270,296]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="8.0">8</number>
</date>
–10.1.8– 
<number box="[270,298,270,296]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="10.0">10</number>
(
<collectionCode box="[313,400,270,296]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">CASIZ</collectionCode>
<quantity box="[407,578,270,296]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.757459" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="175745.9">175745, 9 mm</quantity>
preserved), 
<date box="[724,798,270,296]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1922-10-07">
<number box="[724,753,270,296]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="22.0">22</number>
x 
<number box="[784,798,270,296]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="7.0">7</number>
</date>
–8.1.7– 
<number box="[889,901,270,296]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="8.0">8</number>
(AM C. 
<quantity box="[1008,1194,270,296]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5205613" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="152056.13">152056, 13 mm</quantity>
preserved), 
<number box="[1340,1413,270,296]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="22.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="22.0">
22– 
<date box="[1385,1413,270,296]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1923-10-08">23</date>
</number>
x 
<number box="[151,163,309,335]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="8.0">8</number>
–9.1.1.8– 
<number box="[277,290,309,335]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="9.0">9</number>
(AM C. 
<quantity box="[411,605,309,335]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1221215" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="112212.15">
<date box="[411,501,309,335]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="12-11-22">112212</date>
, 15 mm
</quantity>
preserved; AM C. 
<quantity box="[851,1045,309,335]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.137931" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="113793.1">113793, 10 mm</quantity>
preserved), 
<date box="[1200,1257,309,335]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1924-10">
<number box="[1200,1229,309,335]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="24.0">24</number>
x
</date>
7.1. 
<number box="[1312,1327,309,335]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="7.0">7</number>
(AM C. 
<quantity box="[151,321,349,375]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.274677" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="127467.7">127467, 7 mm</quantity>
alive). The rachidian teeth are variable (
<figureCitation box="[795,875,349,375]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,197,1001]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[244,1344,197,1002]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864. A, Detail of the rodlets of the left labial cuticle (NSMT-Op: 32, scale bar: 100 Μm). B, Jaws (NSMT-Op: 32, scale bar: 200 Μm). C, Right half-rows of radular teeth (CASIZ 174980, scale bar: 20 Μm). D, Right half-rows of radular teeth (AM C. 108069, scale bar: 10 Μm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185138/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Figs. 
<number box="[861,875,349,375]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="8.0">8</number>
</figureCitation>
C,D; 
<number box="[939,994,349,375]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="9.1">9,10</number>
), usually wider than taller, with about eight to ten denticles on either side of a median cusp. Nevertheless, in some specimens the rachidian teeth are more elongate and the cusp is more prominent than those described from the 
<typeStatus box="[1085,1176,428,454]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">syntype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName box="[1220,1366,428,453]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni">
<emphasis box="[1220,1366,428,453]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B. hermanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with fewer denticles on each side of the cusp (
<figureCitation box="[640,723,467,493]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[151,255,1343,1367]" captionTargetBox="[248,1340,197,1312]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[246,1340,197,1314]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864. A – F, Rachidian tooth variability. A – C, Specimens from Japan: A, NSMO-Op: 32, scale bar: 10 Μm. B, CASIZ 174980, scale bar: 10 Μm. D, Specimen from Indian Ocean: AM C. 127467, scale bar: 3 Μm. E – F, Specimens from New South Wales: E, AM C. 112212, scale bar: 10 Μm. F, AM C. 126475, scale bar: 10 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185139/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Figs. 
<number box="[706,723,467,493]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="9.1">9</number>
</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[737,770,467,493]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1427,1451]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,182,1406]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[192,1395,181,1408]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 10. Scanning electron micrographs of Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864. A – F, Rachidian tooth variability. A – D, Specimens from New South Wales: A, AM C. 152056, scale bar: 10 Μm. B, AM C. 138000, scale bar: 2 Μm. C, AM C. 113793, scale bar: 3 Μm. D, AM C. 108069, scale bar: 10 Μm. E, Specimen from Malaysia: CASIZ 175745, scale bar: 3 Μm. F, Specimen from Marshall Islands: CASIZ 175404, scale bar: 10 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185140/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">10</figureCitation>
). Most of the laterals have a long basal portion and then straighten or with a slightly smooth-edge hook, which terminate in a fine point, increasing in size from the innermost outwards. The penultimate (or antepenultimate) lateral is usually a denticle with a short cusp followed by from one to two plate-like laterals (
<figureCitation box="[699,781,586,612]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,197,1001]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[244,1344,197,1002]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864. A, Detail of the rodlets of the left labial cuticle (NSMT-Op: 32, scale bar: 100 Μm). B, Jaws (NSMT-Op: 32, scale bar: 200 Μm). C, Right half-rows of radular teeth (CASIZ 174980, scale bar: 20 Μm). D, Right half-rows of radular teeth (AM C. 108069, scale bar: 10 Μm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185138/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Figs. 
<number box="[767,781,586,612]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="8.0">8</number>
</figureCitation>
C,D). A long unpaired oral gland is found ventrally. It extends back from the ventral midline side of the mouth to the region of the reproductive system. The paired, compact branched, salivary glands are yellowish in preservative, and attached along the sides of the oesophagus. They open into the posterior buccal bulb on each side of the oesophageal opening. The oesophagus is relatively short and wide, passing into the oval thin walled stomach. The two anterior digestive glands open on the upper surface of the stomach. These two glands are about the same size and have two lobes, the lower going into the dorsolateral process and the upper into the rhinophore sheath on their side of the body. The posterior portion of the digestive gland opens on the lower left surface of the stomach. All pairs of dorsolateral processes, behind the first pair, receive branches from the posterior portion of the digestive gland. The posterior stomach is armed with about 
<number box="[551,649,1441,1467]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20 to 30</number>
longitudinal rows of chitinous brown spines (
<figureCitation box="[1194,1289,1441,1467]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1450,1474]" captionTargetBox="[192,1394,197,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[192,1395,197,1423]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. Scanning electron micrographs of Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864. A – C, Posterior chamber of the stomach variability: A, NSMO-Op: 32, scale bar: 300 Μm. B, AM C. 127467, scale bar: 60 Μm. C, AM C. 152056, scale bar: 100 Μm. D – F, Penis variability: D, NSMO-Op: 32, 1 mm. E, AM C. 112212, scale bar: 100 Μm. F, AM C. 108069, scale bar: 100 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185141/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Figs. 
<number box="[1262,1289,1441,1467]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="11.0">11</number>
</figureCitation>
A-C). These spines are straight, cylindrical, and spatuliform at the tip. The spines decrease in size posteriorly. From here the intestine descends to the ventral side and then bends dorsally to the anus.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185137/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" targetBox="[192,1394,707,1850]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1437,1880,1973]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,273,1880,1904]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName authority="Angas, 1864" authorityName="Angas" authorityYear="1864" box="[287,631,1881,1904]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni">
<emphasis box="[287,488,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bornella hermanni</emphasis>
Angas, 1864
</taxonomicName>
. A–F, Living animals. A-E, Specimens from New South Wales. A, Photo: J. Wyche (AM C. 126475); B, Photo: W.B. Rudman (AM C. 152056); C, Photo: W.B. Rudman (AM C. 138000); D, Photo: J. Fields (AM C. 113793); E, Photo: J. Fields (AM C. 108069). F. Marshall Islands, Photo: S. Johnson (CASIZ 175404).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185138/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[244,1342,197,1001]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1436,1026,1122]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,282,1026,1050]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of 
<taxonomicName authority="Angas, 1864" authorityName="Angas" authorityYear="1864" box="[656,1002,1026,1049]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni">
<emphasis box="[656,859,1026,1049]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bornella hermanni</emphasis>
Angas, 1864
</taxonomicName>
. A, Detail of the rodlets of the left labial cuticle (NSMT-Op:32, scale bar: 100Μm). B, Jaws (NSMT-Op:32, scale bar: 200Μm). C, Right half-rows of radular teeth (CASIZ 174980, scale bar: 20Μm). D, Right half-rows of radular teeth (AM C. 108069, scale bar: 10Μm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1437,1165,2020]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,458,1559,1585]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Reproductive system</emphasis>
: (
<figureCitation box="[482,575,1560,1586]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – E" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[187,1406,226,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[125,1461,174,1887]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – E, Drawings of reproductive systems of Bornella spp. A, Bornella stellifer (CASIZ 075076). B, B. calcarata (CASIZ 118665). C, B. hermanni (AM C. 113793). D, B. sarape (LACM 24996). E, B. anguilla (CASIZ 173389). Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; fglm, female gland mass; hd, hermaphrodite duct; p, penis; pb, penial bulb; pr, prostate; rs, distal allosperm receptacle; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185134/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Fig. 
<number box="[536,553,1560,1586]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="4.0">4</number>
C
</figureCitation>
): The ovotestis usually consists of about four rounded follicles lying over the posterior digestive gland, although the number varies from three to eight in the studied specimens. From each of these lobes a thin-walled duct arises which join to form a common hermaphroditic duct, which expands to form the large swollen ampulla. The hermaphroditic duct runs around the stomach on the left side, between the stomach and the posterior branch of the digestive gland. The ampulla lies on the dorsal side of the female gland mass. The ampulla then narrows before dividing into separate male and female ducts, the vas deferens and the oviduct respectively. Only a short section of the oviduct is visible before it enters the female gland mass. The vas deferens is relatively long and coiled, and seems to be enclosed in a layer of prostate gland along it whole length. It leads to the penial bulb, which contains a fleshy, irregularly lobed structure, which is armed with a single circular row of chitinous hooked spines (
<bibRefCitation author="Masayoshi" box="[982,1183,1915,1941]" pageId="19" pageNumber="56" refString="Masayoshi, N. (2002) Bornella stellifer mating. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http: // www. seaslugforum. net / find. cfm? id = 7728 (9 October 2002), (Last accessed: 26 October 2008)." type="book" year="2002">
Masayoshi 
<number box="[1119,1183,1915,1941]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2002.0">2002</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). The spines are relatively large and each is inserted into it own raised fleshy base (
<figureCitation box="[881,974,1954,1980]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1450,1474]" captionTargetBox="[192,1394,197,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[192,1395,197,1423]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. Scanning electron micrographs of Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864. A – C, Posterior chamber of the stomach variability: A, NSMO-Op: 32, scale bar: 300 Μm. B, AM C. 127467, scale bar: 60 Μm. C, AM C. 152056, scale bar: 100 Μm. D – F, Penis variability: D, NSMO-Op: 32, 1 mm. E, AM C. 112212, scale bar: 100 Μm. F, AM C. 108069, scale bar: 100 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185141/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Figs. 
<number box="[947,974,1954,1980]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="11.0">11</number>
</figureCitation>
D–F). A stalked distal allosperm receptacle opens alongside the vaginal opening.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185139/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[248,1340,197,1312]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,1343,1473]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,1343,1367]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 9</emphasis>
. Scanning electron micrographs of 
<taxonomicName authority="Angas, 1864" authorityName="Angas" authorityYear="1864" box="[660,1008,1343,1366]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni">
<emphasis box="[660,862,1343,1366]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bornella hermanni</emphasis>
Angas, 1864
</taxonomicName>
. A–F, Rachidian tooth variability. A–C, Specimens from Japan: A, NSMO-Op:32, scale bar: 10Μm. B, CASIZ 174980, scale bar: 10Μm. D, Specimen from Indian Ocean: AM C. 127467, scale bar: 3Μm. E–F, Specimens from New South Wales: E, AM C. 112212, scale bar: 10Μm. F, AM C. 126475, scale bar: 10Μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,1516,2016]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,321,1516,1542]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Baba" box="[331,478,1516,1542]" pageId="20" pageNumber="54" refString="Baba, K. (1949) Opisthobranchia of Sagami Bay Collected by: His Majesty The Emperor of Japan. Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo, 194 pp., 50 pls." type="book" year="1949">
Baba (
<number box="[409,470,1516,1542]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1949.0">1949</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName box="[610,825,1517,1542]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis box="[610,825,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bornella japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry box="[901,968,1516,1542]" name="Japan" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Japan</collectingCountry>
and in his description he notes that its size and color is similar to that of 
<taxonomicName box="[552,752,1556,1581]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stellifer">
<emphasis box="[552,752,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bornella stellifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but that it is easily distinguished by the following characters: Rhinophore sheaths with four supra-marginal papillae, the hindmost and largest subdivided into twothree smaller papillae (in 
<taxonomicName box="[458,583,1635,1660]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stellifer">
<emphasis box="[458,583,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">B. stellifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the supra-marginal papillae are simple); dorsolateral processes in three pairs (five-six pairs in 
<taxonomicName box="[422,545,1674,1699]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stellifer">
<emphasis box="[422,545,1674,1699]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">B. stellifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); three gills on the first and second, and two or three on the last processes (one gill per process in 
<taxonomicName box="[427,548,1714,1739]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stellifer">
<emphasis box="[427,548,1714,1739]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">B. stellifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However 
<bibRefCitation author="Angas" box="[688,848,1714,1740]" pageId="20" pageNumber="53" refString="Angas, G, F. (1864) Description d'especes nouvelles appartenant a plusieurs genres de Mollusques Nudibranches des environs de Port-Jackson (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud), accompagnee de dessins faits d'apres nature. Journal de Conchyliologie, 12, 43 - 70." type="journal article" year="1864">
Angas (
<number box="[779,840,1714,1740]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1864.0">1864</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
described and illustrated 
<taxonomicName box="[1149,1372,1714,1739]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni">
<emphasis box="[1149,1372,1714,1739]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bornella hermanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Sydney Harbour, in eastern 
<collectingCountry box="[477,588,1753,1779]" name="Australia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Australia</collectingCountry>
, which clearly shows the three pairs of dorsolateral processes, which are one of the characters differentiating this species from 
<emphasis box="[824,956,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName box="[824,952,1793,1818]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stellifer">B. stellifer</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Although the published color painting (
<bibRefCitation author="Angas" box="[159,459,1832,1858]" pageId="20" pageNumber="53" refString="Angas, G, F. (1864) Description d'especes nouvelles appartenant a plusieurs genres de Mollusques Nudibranches des environs de Port-Jackson (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud), accompagnee de dessins faits d'apres nature. Journal de Conchyliologie, 12, 43 - 70." type="journal article" year="1864">
Angas, 
<number box="[249,312,1832,1858]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1864.0">1864</number>
: Pl VI, fig. 
<number box="[446,459,1832,1858]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1.0">1</number>
</bibRefCitation>
) does not show the color pattern clearly, the original watercolor is in the collections of the Australian Museum Library (
<figureCitation box="[569,639,1872,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1711,1735]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,670,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[191,1395,669,1685]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864. A, Original painting of Bornella hermanni showing detail lost in Angas, 1864: Plate 6. B, Original picture of Bornella japonica from Baba, 1949. C – F, Living animals. C – D, Specimens from Japan, Okinawa, Photos: R. F. Bolland (CASIZ 174980, CASIZ 174986). E, Indian Ocean, Christmas Is., Photo: C. Tong (AM C. 127467). F, New South Wales, Photo: W. B. Rudman (AM C. 112212)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185136/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[624,639,1872,1898]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="6.0">6</number>
</figureCitation>
A). Angas was a skilled and accurate artist and in the original painting the color pattern of white specks, broken orange lines, white papillae and lack of orange rings on the dorsolateral papillae, are accurately recorded. 
<taxonomicName box="[685,914,1951,1976]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni">
<emphasis box="[685,914,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bornella hermanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not uncommonly found in central and southern New South 
<collectingCountry box="[397,472,1990,2016]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Wales</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185140/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[192,1395,182,1406]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1436,1427,1558]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,288,1427,1451]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 10</emphasis>
. Scanning electron micrographs of 
<taxonomicName authority="Angas, 1864" authorityName="Angas" authorityYear="1864" box="[667,1012,1428,1451]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni">
<emphasis box="[667,868,1428,1451]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bornella hermanni</emphasis>
Angas, 1864
</taxonomicName>
. A–F, Rachidian tooth variability. A–D, Specimens from New South Wales: A, AM C. 152056, scale bar: 10Μm. B, AM C. 138000, scale bar: 2Μm. C, AM C. 113793, scale bar: 3Μm. D, AM C. 108069, scale bar: 10Μm. E, Specimen from Malaysia: CASIZ 175745, scale bar: 3Μm. F, Specimen from Marshall Islands: CASIZ 175404, scale bar: 10Μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,1607,2033]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
This species has been misidentified as 
<taxonomicName box="[659,782,1607,1632]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stellifer">
<emphasis box="[659,782,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B. stellifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in several field guides (
<bibRefCitation author="Debelius" box="[1068,1245,1607,1633]" pageId="21" pageNumber="54" refString="Debelius, H. (1998) Nudibranchs and Sea Snails: Indo Pacific Field Guide. M &amp; G Difusion, S. L. Germany, 321 pp." type="book" year="1998">
Debelius 
<number box="[1183,1245,1607,1633]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1998.0">1998</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Koh" box="[1258,1377,1607,1633]" pageId="21" pageNumber="55" refString="Koh, D. B. (2006) Sea Slugs of Korea. Published by Pungdeung, Korea, 248 pp." type="book" year="2006">
Koh 
<number box="[1317,1377,1607,1633]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2006.0">2006</number>
</bibRefCitation>
) and web pages (
<bibRefCitation author="Imamoto" box="[289,466,1647,1673]" pageId="21" pageNumber="55" refString="Imamoto, J. (2008) Bornella stellifer [In] Umiushi. Available from http: // www. umiushi. info /. (Last accessed: 22 May 2008)." type="journal article" year="2008">
Imamoto 
<number box="[404,466,1647,1673]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2008.0">2008</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Masayoshi" box="[478,677,1647,1673]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56" refString="Masayoshi, N. (2002) Bornella stellifer mating. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http: // www. seaslugforum. net / find. cfm? id = 7728 (9 October 2002), (Last accessed: 26 October 2008)." type="book" year="2002">
Masayoshi 
<number box="[613,677,1647,1673]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2002.0">2002</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). In summary, 
<taxonomicName box="[850,994,1647,1672]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni">
<emphasis box="[850,994,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B. hermanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName box="[1314,1435,1647,1672]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stellifer">
<emphasis box="[1314,1435,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B. stellifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in many different ways, including the shape of the posterior sail of the rhinophore sheaths and the dorsolateral processes - in 
<taxonomicName box="[323,470,1727,1752]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni">
<emphasis box="[323,470,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B. hermanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are always branched while in 
<taxonomicName box="[898,1022,1727,1752]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stellifer">
<emphasis box="[898,1022,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B. stellifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are simple, rounded papillae. 
<taxonomicName box="[151,374,1767,1792]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni">
<emphasis box="[151,374,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bornella hermanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also lacks the orange-red subapical ring on the papillae, being cream-white in color. Internally, both species have several differences. In 
<taxonomicName box="[708,831,1807,1832]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stellifer">
<emphasis box="[708,831,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B. stellifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the buccal bulb is small, while in 
<taxonomicName box="[1238,1384,1807,1832]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni">
<emphasis box="[1238,1384,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B. hermanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is much larger and the spines in the posterior stomach are acutely pointed and less numerous in 
<taxonomicName box="[1242,1363,1847,1872]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stellifer">
<emphasis box="[1242,1363,1847,1872]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B. stellifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
while in 
<taxonomicName box="[185,334,1887,1912]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni">
<emphasis box="[185,334,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B. hermanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are more numerous and spatuliform in shape. In the reproductive system, the penial spines of 
<taxonomicName box="[264,409,1927,1952]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni">
<emphasis box="[264,409,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B. hermanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are arranged in a single ring on large fleshy lobe while in 
<taxonomicName box="[1101,1223,1927,1952]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bornellidae" genus="Bornella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stellifer">
<emphasis box="[1101,1223,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B. stellifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are arranged in several rows around the penial opening. The reproductive system of this species had not been previously described.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>