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373 lines
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<document id="74C0D8DE5A5E72D9B9787D87B74AE9DD" ID-CLB-Dataset="281823" ID-DOI="10.37828/em.2015.2.36" ID-GBIF-Dataset="db7986fe-e52c-494b-a825-d1abdc91be79" ID-ISSN="2336-9744" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10662114" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1702498129517" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Flood, Per R., Spriet, Endy, Erichsen, Egil S. & Dovgal, Igor V." docDate="2015" docId="03F6D6570040FFE95BECEECDFC29FBAC" docLanguage="en" docName="EcolMontenegrina.2.4.302-306.pdf" docOrigin="Ecologica Montenegrina 2 (4)" docSource="https://www.biotaxa.org/em/article/view/em.2015.2.36" docStyle="DocumentStyle:17621BF4B6DAF9FC3B559F0A069E6C5F.2:EcolMontenegrina.2014-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="17621BF4B6DAF9FC3B559F0A069E6C5F" docStyleName="EcolMontenegrina.2014-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Trichophrya salparum Entz 1884" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="305" masterDocId="FFCFAE2F0041FFEA5B7BEC2DFFBDFFC1" masterDocTitle="First record of a ciliate suctorian (Ciliophora, Suctorea) epibiont on the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca (Scyphozoa, Semaeostomaeida)" masterLastPageNumber="306" masterPageNumber="302" pageNumber="303" updateTime="1707960027495" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="59FBD2002C28082A2A06AFDB9344B598">First record of a ciliate suctorian (Ciliophora, Suctorea) epibiont on the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca (Scyphozoa, Semaeostomaeida)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8489EFD00626EB6CEE4CDA3CAF4B7994" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F0452A2613092C5C0745B9B9AFF9E1C6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="95C3D87B1AB2C050E0B9CBD0A61BC6CB">Flood, Per R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D18C931B052CD057980392874D4708D1">Bathybiologica AS, Bergen, Norway</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1F9FE5DF2D96A07F20277253A440DE5C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="13194ABB95BEAB9BAB6581D4A296229B">Spriet, Endy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8A4A7BF109AFAE9884C3D141AC324E7F">Molecular Imaging Center, University of Bergen, Norway.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="196B88A283BD88BDDAC439475A780140">Erichsen, Egil S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="906C31E4A3FD04E0A386BA749E02A280">Laboratory for Electron microscopy, University of Bergen, Norway.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D3FA5CC35804C79BA28BF208BE6ECCC3">Dovgal, Igor V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="337AB79499185661EED91CF3088660A5">Simferopol, Crimea, Russia. Corresponding author: Igor V. Dovgal. E-mail: dovgal- 1954 @ mail. ru</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="3572C21FA676ECF3E83E0D06192FC790">Ecologica Montenegrina</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="41AA1910779908B961C0DBAD2CDB0724">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E37D2CF97FC819B893FAA64DBE3DB5E5">2015-06-10</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F6D6570040FFE95BECEECDFC29FBAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10372607" ID-GBIF-Taxon="219841235" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10372607" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F6D6570040FFE95BECEECDFC29FBAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6D6570040FFE95BECEECDFC29FBAC" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">
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<subSubSection id="C34534CA0040FFEB5BECEECDFD89FD3B" box="[151,564,736,762]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE067410040FFEB5BECEECDFD89FD3B" blockId="1.[151,564,736,796]" box="[151,564,736,762]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">
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<heading id="D0A8D02D0040FFEB5BECEECDFD89FD3B" box="[151,564,736,762]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20040FFEB5BECEECDFD89FD3B" ID-CoL="58H8Q" authority="Entz, 1884" authorityName="Entz" authorityYear="1884" box="[151,564,736,762]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="salparum">
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<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB5BECEECDFD89FD3B" bold="true" box="[151,564,736,762]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">
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<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB5BECEECDFE15FD3B" bold="true" box="[151,424,736,762]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">Trichophrya salparum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00040FFEB5ACBEECDFD89FD3B" author="Entz" box="[432,564,736,762]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" pagination="289 - 444" refId="ref1775" refString="Entz, G. (1884) Uber Infusorien des Golfes von Neapel. Mittheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel; zugleich ein Repertorium fur Mittelmeerkunde, 5, 289 - 444." type="journal article" year="1884">Entz, 1884</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34534CA0040FFEB5BECEF2CFEB2FCDD" box="[151,271,769,796]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE067410040FFEB5BECEF2CFEB2FCDD" blockId="1.[151,564,736,796]" box="[151,271,769,796]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13647BC40040FFEB5BDBEF2CFEBDFCDD" box="[160,256,769,796]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figures 2-5. 2" captionStartId-0="1.[151,226,1470,1494]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,237,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1425,1152,1431]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1423,189,1834]" captionTargetId-0="figure-294@1.[151,1436,1146,1436]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@2.[164,1423,189,1834]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="Figure 1. Trichophrya salparum Entz, 1884 in agreement with different authors: a – trophont stage from Molgula manhattensis (after Colkins 1902); b - trophont (after Collin 1912); c – multiple internal budding (after Collin 1912); d – individual from Pyrosoma elegans named T. salparum pyrosomae (after Tregouboff 1916)." captionText-1="Figures 2-5. 2 Scanning electron micrograph of exumbrellar epithelium of Pelagia noctiluca with two nematocyst warts (W). Seven suctorians are indicated by asterisks. 3 Scanning electron micrograph of a T. salparum attached to the exumbrellar epithelium of P. noctiluca. The knobs are prominent at the ends of the contracted tentacles. Several jellyfish cilia [c] reach above the epibiont. 4 Scanning electron micrograph of T. salparum with extended tentacles. 5 Scanning electron micrographic detail of the rim of the suctorian attachment surface towards the jellyfish exumbrellar epithelium (between arrowheads)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10662116" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10662118" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10662116/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10662118/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">Fig. 1-5</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34534CA0040FFEB5BECEF68FB52FBAC" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BE067410040FFEB5BECEF68FAFFFBC9" blockId="1.[151,1437,836,1133]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">
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<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB5BECEF68FEADFC9E" bold="true" box="[151,272,837,863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Unloricate, unstalked suctorian ciliate. The body is somewhat hemispheric or saddle-shaped, with a large, flat base. There are two (rarely one) bundles of capitate tentacles. There are from four to 32 tentacles in each fascicle. Their diameter varied between 0.7 and 1.2 µm dependent on their degree of contraction. Tentacles are capitate with globular knobs covered by several smaller haptocyst dots. The cytoplasm is uncolored, but may contain some bright granules. The macronucleus is granular, and spherical or elongated. There are from one to three contractile vacuoles. Reproduction by multiple internal budding (
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<figureCitation id="13647BC40040FFEB5FA4EFC0FA8CFBC9" box="[1247,1329,1005,1032]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[151,226,1470,1494]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,1152,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-294@1.[151,1436,1146,1436]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Trichophrya salparum Entz, 1884 in agreement with different authors: a – trophont stage from Molgula manhattensis (after Colkins 1902); b - trophont (after Collin 1912); c – multiple internal budding (after Collin 1912); d – individual from Pyrosoma elegans named T. salparum pyrosomae (after Tregouboff 1916)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10662116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10662116/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">Fig. 1c</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE067410040FFEB5B8DE83DFB52FBAC" blockId="1.[151,1437,836,1133]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">
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Measurements (in µm) based on
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<specimenCount id="9D59ACC80040FFEB5901E822FCA3FBEB" box="[634,798,1039,1066]" count="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
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: Body length (parallel to an axis passing through both tentacle fascicles) 20-42 (mean 27.8). Body width 12-32.9 µm (19.6). Length of tentacles from four (contracted) to 42 (extended). After literary data (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00040FFEB59A6E87FFCDEFBAC" author="Sand, R." box="[733,867,1106,1133]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" refId="ref1879" refString="Sand, R. (1901) Etude monographique sur la groupe des Infusoires tentaculiferes. Alfred Castaigne, Bruxelles, 441 pp." type="book" year="1901">Sand, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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) body height 20-50, width 30-90.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF2037C90040FFEB5BECE993FBC7F9D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10662116" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10662116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10662116/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" startId="1.[151,226,1470,1494]" targetBox="[157,1425,1152,1431]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BE067410040FFEB5BECE993FBC7F9D2" blockId="1.[151,1437,1470,1555]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">
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<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB5BECE993FEBCFA17" bold="true" box="[151,257,1470,1494]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20040FFEB5A6DE993FD31FA17" authority="Entz, 1884" authorityName="Entz" authorityYear="1884" box="[278,652,1470,1494]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="salparum">
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<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB5A6DE993FDB7FA17" box="[278,522,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">Trichophrya salparum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00040FFEB596EE992FD31FA17" author="Entz" box="[533,652,1470,1494]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" pagination="289 - 444" refId="ref1775" refString="Entz, G. (1884) Uber Infusorien des Golfes von Neapel. Mittheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel; zugleich ein Repertorium fur Mittelmeerkunde, 5, 289 - 444." type="journal article" year="1884">Entz, 1884</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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in agreement with different authors: a – trophont stage from
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<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20040FFEB5E39E993FE99FA35" authorityName="De Kay" authorityYear="1843" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manhattensis">
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<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB5E39E993FE99FA35" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">Molgula manhattensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(after Colkins 1902); b - trophont (after
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00040FFEB59A6E9F0FCDCFA34" author="Collin, B." box="[733,865,1501,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" pagination="1 - 457" refId="ref1608" refString="Collin, B. (1912) Etudes monographiques sur les Acinetiens. II. Morphologie, physiologie, systematique. Archives de zoologie experimentale et generale, 51, 1 - 457." type="journal article" year="1912">Collin 1912</bibRefCitation>
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); c – multiple internal budding (after
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00040FFEB5F8CE9F0FAC6FA34" author="Collin, B." box="[1271,1403,1501,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" pagination="1 - 457" refId="ref1608" refString="Collin, B. (1912) Etudes monographiques sur les Acinetiens. II. Morphologie, physiologie, systematique. Archives de zoologie experimentale et generale, 51, 1 - 457." type="journal article" year="1912">Collin 1912</bibRefCitation>
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); d – individual from
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<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20040FFEB5A23E9D1FDA0F9D2" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1813" box="[344,541,1531,1555]" class="Thaliacea" family="Pyrosomatidae" genus="Pyrosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pyrosomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB5A23E9D1FDA0F9D2" box="[344,541,1531,1555]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">Pyrosoma elegans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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named
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<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20040FFEB590AE9D1FCD3F9D2" authorityName="Tregouboff" authorityYear="1916" box="[625,878,1531,1555]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="subSpecies" species="salparum" subSpecies="pyrosomae">
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<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB590AE9D1FCD3F9D2" box="[625,878,1531,1555]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">T. salparum pyrosomae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(after
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00040FFEB58CEE9D6FBD3F9D2" author="Tregouboff, G." box="[949,1134,1531,1555]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" pagination="35 - 47" refId="ref1959" refString="Tregouboff, G. (1916) Sur quelques Protistes parasites, recontres a Villefranche- sur-Mer. Archives de zoologie experimentale et generale, 55, 35 - 47." type="journal article" year="1916">Tregouboff 1916</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C34534CA0040FFE95BECEA73FBE4FD90" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE067410040FFEB5BECEA73FCC5F95B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1630,1960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">
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<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB5BECEA73FEADF9B9" bold="true" box="[151,272,1630,1656]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Entz (1886) originally described the species from the Mediterranean Sea near Napoli (
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<typeStatus id="54E4D9E30040FFEB5E1CEA73FA26F9B8" box="[1383,1435,1630,1657]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">type</typeStatus>
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locality) on salp
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<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20040FFEB5A27EA52FD56F95B" authority="Forskal, 1775" authorityName="Forskal" authorityYear="1775" box="[348,747,1663,1690]" class="Thaliacea" family="Salpidae" genus="Thalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salpida" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="democratica">
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<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB5A27EA52FDFFF95B" box="[348,578,1663,1690]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">Thalia democratica</emphasis>
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Forskål, 1775
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54E4D9E30040FFEB5981EA52FC93F95B" box="[762,814,1663,1690]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">type</typeStatus>
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host).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE067410040FFEB5B8DEA8FFCD0F8E0" blockId="1.[151,1437,1630,1960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">
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However, the first find of suctorian ciliate on tunicates probably belongs to Lachmann (1859) who mentions the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20040FFEB5AE8EAEEFD0CF91F" authorityName="Lachmann" authorityYear="1859" box="[403,689,1731,1758]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="ascidiarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB5AE8EAEEFD0CF91F" box="[403,689,1731,1758]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">Trichophrya ascidiarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found on sea squirts of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20040FFEB5F3DEAEEFAC3F91F" authority="Savigny, 1816" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[1094,1406,1731,1758]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB5F3DEAEEFB71F91F" box="[1094,1228,1731,1758]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">Polyclinum</emphasis>
|
||
Savigny,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA7CAA40040FFEB5E38EAEEFAC3F91F" box="[1347,1406,1731,1758]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.61264" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" unit="in" value="1816.0">1816</quantity>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the North Sea. Unfortunately, this species was not described by the author, thus the specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20040FFEB5BECEB2BFD3FF8E0" authority="Lachmann, 1859" authorityName="Lachmann" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,642,1798,1825]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="ascidiarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB5BECEB2BFE08F8E0" box="[151,437,1798,1825]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">Trichophrya ascidiarum</emphasis>
|
||
Lachmann, 1859
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB59C3EB25FCDBF8E0" box="[696,870,1798,1825]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE067410040FFEB5B8DEB05FD9BF869" blockId="1.[151,1437,1630,1960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00040FFEB5B8DEB05FE63F882" author="Tregouboff, G." box="[246,478,1832,1859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" pagination="35 - 47" refId="ref1959" refString="Tregouboff, G. (1916) Sur quelques Protistes parasites, recontres a Villefranche- sur-Mer. Archives de zoologie experimentale et generale, 55, 35 - 47." type="journal article" year="1916">Tregouboff (1916)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20040FFEB5822EB04FC49F882" authorityName="Entz" authorityYear="1884" box="[857,1012,1832,1859]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="salparum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB5822EB04FC49F882" box="[857,1012,1832,1859]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">T. salparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20040FFEB5F17EB04FEDAF8A4" authority="Tregouboff, 1916" authorityName="Tregouboff" authorityYear="1916" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="subSpecies" species="salparum" subSpecies="pyrosomae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB5F17EB04FA20F883" box="[1132,1437,1832,1859]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">T. salparum pyrosomae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00040FFEB5BECEB67FEDAF8A4" author="Tregouboff, G." box="[151,359,1866,1893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" pagination="35 - 47" refId="ref1959" refString="Tregouboff, G. (1916) Sur quelques Protistes parasites, recontres a Villefranche- sur-Mer. Archives de zoologie experimentale et generale, 55, 35 - 47." type="journal article" year="1916">Tregouboff, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13647BC40040FFEB5A03EB67FE73F8A4" box="[376,462,1866,1893]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[151,226,1470,1494]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,1152,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-294@1.[151,1436,1146,1436]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Trichophrya salparum Entz, 1884 in agreement with different authors: a – trophont stage from Molgula manhattensis (after Colkins 1902); b - trophont (after Collin 1912); c – multiple internal budding (after Collin 1912); d – individual from Pyrosoma elegans named T. salparum pyrosomae (after Tregouboff 1916)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10662116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10662116/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">Fig. 1d</figureCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20040FFEB591BEB66FD52F8A4" authorityName="Entz" authorityYear="1884" box="[608,751,1866,1893]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="salparum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB591BEB66FD52F8A4" box="[608,751,1866,1893]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">T. salparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an extremely variable species thus we believed there is no reason to divide the species into subspecies. Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20040FFEB5866EB40FAADF846" authority="Tregouboff, 1916" authorityName="Tregouboff" authorityYear="1916" box="[797,1296,1900,1927]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="subSpecies" species="salparum" subSpecies="pyrosomae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB5866EB40FB8AF847" box="[797,1079,1900,1927]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">T. salparum pyrosomae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00040FFEB5F44EB41FAADF846" author="Tregouboff, G." box="[1087,1296,1900,1927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" pagination="35 - 47" refId="ref1959" refString="Tregouboff, G. (1916) Sur quelques Protistes parasites, recontres a Villefranche- sur-Mer. Archives de zoologie experimentale et generale, 55, 35 - 47." type="journal article" year="1916">Tregouboff, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB5E63EB41FADEF847" bold="true" box="[1304,1379,1900,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">syn. n</emphasis>
|
||
. is a younger synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20040FFEB5AEAEBA2FDA2F869" authorityName="Entz" authorityYear="1884" box="[401,543,1933,1960]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="303" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="salparum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530040FFEB5AEAEBA2FDA2F869" box="[401,543,1933,1960]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="303">T. salparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2037C90043FFE85BECEB10FDBEF82F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10662118" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10662118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10662118/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="304" startId="2.[151,237,1853,1877]" targetBox="[164,1423,189,1834]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE067410043FFE85BECEB10FDBEF82F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1853,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530043FFE85BECEB10FE86F894" bold="true" box="[151,315,1853,1877]" pageId="2" pageNumber="304">Figures 2-5. 2</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrograph of exumbrellar epithelium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20043FFE85893EB10FB14F894" authorityName="Forskal" authorityYear="1775" box="[1000,1193,1853,1877]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="2" pageNumber="304" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noctiluca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530043FFE85893EB10FB14F894" box="[1000,1193,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="304">Pelagia noctiluca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with two nematocyst warts (W). Seven suctorians are indicated by asterisks.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530043FFE85993EB71FD48F8B5" bold="true" box="[744,757,1884,1908]" pageId="2" pageNumber="304">3</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrograph of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20043FFE85F0CEB71FB44F8B2" authorityName="Entz" authorityYear="1884" box="[1143,1273,1883,1907]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="304" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="salparum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530043FFE85F0CEB71FB44F8B2" box="[1143,1273,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="304">T. salparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
attached to the exumbrellar epithelium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20043FFE85ABEEB56FDF1F853" authorityName="Forskal" authorityYear="1775" box="[453,588,1914,1938]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="2" pageNumber="304" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noctiluca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530043FFE85ABEEB56FDF1F853" box="[453,588,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="304">P. noctiluca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The knobs are prominent at the ends of the contracted tentacles. Several jellyfish cilia [c] reach above the epibiont.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530043FFE8590BEBB4FDC0F870" bold="true" box="[624,637,1945,1969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="304">4</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrograph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20043FFE8588EEBB7FBC5F870" authorityName="Entz" authorityYear="1884" box="[1013,1144,1945,1969]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="304" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="salparum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530043FFE8588EEBB7FBC5F870" box="[1013,1144,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="304">T. salparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with extended tentacles.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530043FFE85EF4EBB4FA21F870" bold="true" box="[1423,1436,1945,1969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="304">5</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographic detail of the rim of the suctorian attachment surface towards the jellyfish exumbrellar epithelium (between arrowheads).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE067410042FFE95BECECEEFF5EFEE3" blockId="3.[151,1437,195,593]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">
|
||
Among the 12 species that belong to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20042FFE959A5ECEEFCCCFF1F" authorityName="Claparede & Lachmann" authorityYear="1859" box="[734,881,195,222]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE959A5ECEEFCCCFF1F" box="[734,881,195,222]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">Trichophrya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only three, including
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE95F04ECE8FAAAFF1F" box="[1151,1303,195,222]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20042FFE95F04ECE8FAAEFF1F" authorityName="Entz" authorityYear="1884" box="[1151,1299,195,222]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="salparum">T. salparum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
have from one to two tentacle fascicles: The other two are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20042FFE959B2ECCBFBA8FEC1" authority="Dangeard, 1890" authorityName="Dangeard" authorityYear="1890" box="[713,1045,229,256]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE959B2ECCBFCEDFEC1" box="[713,848,229,256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">T. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00042FFE9582CECC8FBA8FEC1" author="Dangeard, P. A." box="[855,1045,229,256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" pagination="14 - 29" refId="ref1642" refString="Dangeard, P. A. (1890) Observatien sur les Acinetiens. Le botaniste, 2 serie, 1, 14 - 29." type="journal article" year="1890">Dangeard, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20042FFE95F28ECCBFF62FEE3" authority="(Goodrich & Jahn, 1943)" baseAuthorityName="Goodrich & Jahn" baseAuthorityYear="1943" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="brevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE95F28ECCBFB07FEC1" box="[1107,1210,229,256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">T. brevis</emphasis>
|
||
(Goodrich & Jahn, 1943)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE067410042FFE95B8DED04FCB1FEA4" blockId="3.[151,1437,195,593]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">
|
||
However, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00042FFE95962ED05FD47FE82" author="Dangeard, P. A." box="[537,762,296,323]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" pagination="14 - 29" refId="ref1642" refString="Dangeard, P. A. (1890) Observatien sur les Acinetiens. Le botaniste, 2 serie, 1, 14 - 29." type="journal article" year="1890">Dangeard’s (1890)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observations
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20042FFE958D3ED07FB88FE82" authorityName="Dangeard" authorityYear="1890" box="[936,1077,296,323]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE958D3ED07FB88FE82" box="[936,1077,296,323]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">T. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has exogenous budding thus affiliating the species to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20042FFE95A98ED67FDCBFEA4" authorityName="Claparede & Lachmann" authorityYear="1859" box="[483,630,330,357]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE95A98ED67FDCBFEA4" box="[483,630,330,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">Trichophrya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is uncertain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE067410042FFE95B8DED41FF5EFE0B" blockId="3.[151,1437,195,593]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">
|
||
As for
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE95A37ED40FE01FE46" box="[332,444,364,391]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20042FFE95A37ED40FE0AFE46" baseAuthorityName="Goodrich & Jahn" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[332,439,364,391]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="brevis">T. brevis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
this species is likely to be a specific commensal of freshwater turtles. In addition, the curved or U-shaped (not rounded) macronucleus is characteristic for the latter species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00042FFE95F8DEDA3FA2AFE68" author="Dovgal, I. V." box="[1270,1431,398,425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref1668" refString="Dovgal, I. V. (1996) Keys for identification of tentaculous infusoria (Ciliophora, Suctoria) of the Ukrainian fauna. Vestnik zoologii, Supplement, N 2, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1996">Dovgal 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00042FFE95BECED82FF6AFE0B" author="Dovgal, I. V." box="[151,215,431,458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" refId="ref1736" refString="Dovgal, I. V. (2013) Fauna of Ukraine: in 40 vol. Vol. 36: Ciliates - Ciliophora. Issue 1: Class Suctorea. Naukova dumka, Kiev, 267 pp." type="book" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE067410042FFE95B8DEDFCFBE4FD90" blockId="3.[151,1437,195,593]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20042FFE95A54EDFFFE7CFE2D" authorityName="Entz" authorityYear="1884" box="[303,449,465,492]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="salparum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE95A54EDFFFE7CFE2D" box="[303,449,465,492]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">T. salparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was specified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00042FFE959D9EDFCFCCAFE2D" author="Jankowski, A. V." box="[674,887,465,492]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" pagination="35 - 36" refId="ref1809" refString="Jankowski, A. V. (1967) New genera of the tentacled infusoria (Suctoria). Proceedings of the V Conference of Young Moldavian Scientists, Kishinev, 35 - 36." type="proceedings paper" year="1967">Jankowski (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E4D9E30042FFE958C4EDFFFC4CFE2D" box="[959,1009,466,492]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20042FFE95FAAEDFCFED5FDCF" authority="Jankowski, 1967" authorityName="Jankowski" authorityYear="1967" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Actinobranchium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE95FAAEDFCFA20FE2D" box="[1233,1437,465,492]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">Actinobranchium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00042FFE95BECEDDEFED5FDCF" author="Jankowski, A. V." box="[151,360,499,526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" pagination="35 - 36" refId="ref1809" refString="Jankowski, A. V. (1967) New genera of the tentacled infusoria (Suctoria). Proceedings of the V Conference of Young Moldavian Scientists, Kishinev, 35 - 36." type="proceedings paper" year="1967">Jankowski, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The lack of tentacle knobs were mentioned as a main characteristic of the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00042FFE95BE4EE38FEDEFDF1" author="Jankowski, A. V." box="[159,355,533,560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" pagination="80 - 115" refId="ref1844" refString="Jankowski, A. V. (1981) New species, genera and families of tentacled infusoria (class Suctoria). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, 107, 80 - 115." type="journal article" year="1981">Jankowski 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, as was shown of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00042FFE959C6EE38FCD4FDF1" author="Dovgal, I. V." box="[701,873,533,560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" pagination="194 - 270" refId="ref1705" refString="Dovgal, I. V. (2002) Evolution, phylogeny and classification of Suctorea (Ciliophora). Protistology, 2 (4), 194 - 270." type="journal article" year="2002">Dovgal (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
there is a tentacle knob in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E4D9E30042FFE95FA8EE3BFAB8FDF1" box="[1235,1285,534,560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species, and the generic name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20042FFE95A1CEE1BFD8EFD90" authorityName="Jankowski" authorityYear="1967" box="[359,563,566,593]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Actinobranchium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE95A1CEE1BFD8EFD90" box="[359,563,566,593]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">Actinobranchium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was therefore synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20042FFE958BBEE1BFBEEFD90" authorityName="Claparede & Lachmann" authorityYear="1859" box="[960,1107,566,593]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE958BBEE1BFBEEFD90" box="[960,1107,566,593]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">Trichophrya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34534CA0042FFE95BECEE57FC29FBAC" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE067410042FFE95BECEE57FDB9FCFC" blockId="3.[151,1437,634,1133]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE95BECEE57FDFAFD55" bold="true" box="[151,583,634,660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">Distribution and host prevalence.</emphasis>
|
||
After the first discovery of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20042FFE958D7EE56FABBFD54" authority=", Calkins (1902)" authorityName=", Calkins" authorityYear="1902" box="[940,1286,634,661]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="salparum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE958D7EE56FB82FD54" box="[940,1087,634,661]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">T. salparum</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00042FFE95F29EE57FABBFD54" author="Calkins, G. N." box="[1106,1286,634,661]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" pagination="413 - 468" refId="ref1580" refString="Calkins, G. N. (1902) Marine Protozoa of Woods-Hole. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 21, 413 - 468." type="journal article" year="1902">Calkins (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported its presence on the branchial bars of the ascidian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20042FFE959CDEEB1FBDAFD76" authority="De Kay, 1843" authorityName="De Kay" authorityYear="1843" box="[694,1127,668,695]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manhattensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE959CDEEB1FC01FD76" box="[694,956,668,695]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">Molgula manhattensis</emphasis>
|
||
De Kay, 1843
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the western Atlantic Ocean near Falmouth (Woods Hole) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13647BC40042FFE9591AEE90FD0AFD19" box="[609,695,701,728]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[151,226,1470,1494]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,1152,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-294@1.[151,1436,1146,1436]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Trichophrya salparum Entz, 1884 in agreement with different authors: a – trophont stage from Molgula manhattensis (after Colkins 1902); b - trophont (after Collin 1912); c – multiple internal budding (after Collin 1912); d – individual from Pyrosoma elegans named T. salparum pyrosomae (after Tregouboff 1916)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10662116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10662116/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00042FFE959A9EE90FCC9FD19" author="Collin, B." box="[722,884,701,728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" pagination="1 - 457" refId="ref1608" refString="Collin, B. (1912) Etudes monographiques sur les Acinetiens. II. Morphologie, physiologie, systematique. Archives de zoologie experimentale et generale, 51, 1 - 457." type="journal article" year="1912">Collin (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in the Mediterranean Sea near Sette (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34827D10042FFE95E3AEE90FA29FD19" box="[1345,1428,701,728]" name="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
) found later this species on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20042FFE95AA2EEF2FCDBFD3B" authority="Forskal 1775" authorityName="Forskal" authorityYear="1775" box="[473,870,735,762]" class="Thaliacea" family="Salpidae" genus="Thalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salpida" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="democratica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE95AA2EEF2FD7FFD3B" box="[473,706,735,762]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">Thalia democratica</emphasis>
|
||
Forskål 1775
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20042FFE958D9EEF2FABAFD3B" authority="Cuvier, 1804" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1804" box="[930,1287,735,762]" class="Thaliacea" family="Salpidae" genus="Salpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salpida" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE958D9EEF2FBDEFD3B" box="[930,1123,735,762]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">Salpa fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
Cuvier, 1804
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13647BC40042FFE95E63EEF2FA31FD3B" box="[1304,1420,735,762]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[151,226,1470,1494]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,1152,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-294@1.[151,1436,1146,1436]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Trichophrya salparum Entz, 1884 in agreement with different authors: a – trophont stage from Molgula manhattensis (after Colkins 1902); b - trophont (after Collin 1912); c – multiple internal budding (after Collin 1912); d – individual from Pyrosoma elegans named T. salparum pyrosomae (after Tregouboff 1916)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10662116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10662116/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">Fig. 1b, c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Finally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE1AB00042FFE95A7AEF2CFE58FCDD" author="Tregouboff, G." box="[257,485,769,796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" pagination="35 - 47" refId="ref1959" refString="Tregouboff, G. (1916) Sur quelques Protistes parasites, recontres a Villefranche- sur-Mer. Archives de zoologie experimentale et generale, 55, 35 - 47." type="journal article" year="1916">Tregouboff (1916)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed the species on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20042FFE9584FEF2FFB68FCDD" authority="Lesueur, 1813" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1813" box="[820,1237,769,796]" class="Thaliacea" family="Pyrosomatidae" genus="Pyrosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pyrosomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE9584FEF2FFBA8FCDD" box="[820,1045,769,796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">Pyrosoma elegans</emphasis>
|
||
Lesueur, 1813
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13647BC40042FFE95F96EF2CFAF4FCDD" box="[1261,1353,769,796]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[151,226,1470,1494]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,1152,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-294@1.[151,1436,1146,1436]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Trichophrya salparum Entz, 1884 in agreement with different authors: a – trophont stage from Molgula manhattensis (after Colkins 1902); b - trophont (after Collin 1912); c – multiple internal budding (after Collin 1912); d – individual from Pyrosoma elegans named T. salparum pyrosomae (after Tregouboff 1916)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10662116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10662116/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">Fig. 1d</figureCitation>
|
||
) from Villefranche-sur-Mer (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34827D10042FFE95AD9EF0FFE44FCFC" box="[418,505,802,829]" name="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE067410042FFE95B8DEF69FE12FC62" blockId="3.[151,1437,634,1133]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">
|
||
Thus, earlier the species has been found exclusively on tunicates. The lack of finds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20042FFE95F91EF6BFAC5FC9E" authorityName=", Calkins" authorityYear="1902" box="[1258,1400,836,863]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="salparum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE95F91EF6BFAC5FC9E" box="[1258,1400,836,863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">T. salparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on scyphozoan jellyfishes is probably due to the difficulties in discovering a small epibiont ciliate on such thick and voluminous bodies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE067410042FFE95B8DEF87FC29FBAC" blockId="3.[151,1437,634,1133]" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">
|
||
We found
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D59ACC80042FFE95A0CEF84FDA4FC05" box="[375,537,937,964]" count="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" type="generic">23 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20042FFE9593DEF86FD6BFC05" authorityName=", Calkins" authorityYear="1902" box="[582,726,937,964]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trichophryidae" genus="Trichophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suctorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="salparum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE9593DEF86FD6BFC05" box="[582,726,937,964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">T. salparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
attached directly to the exumbrellar epithelium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1CC20042FFE95E39EF84FEB9FC27" authorityName="Forskal" authorityYear="1775" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="305" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noctiluca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BBB530042FFE95E39EF84FEB9FC27" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">Pelagia noctiluca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on a single SEM preparation. This covered some 7.5 mm
|
||
<superScript id="7C2ACA090042FFE958BAEFE8FC77FC17" attach="left" box="[961,970,965,982]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">2</superScript>
|
||
of the jellyfish dome and consisted of smooth parts separated by several nematocyst warts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13647BC40042FFE95860EFC0FCDBFBC9" box="[795,870,1005,1032]" captionStart="Figures 2-5. 2" captionStartId="2.[151,237,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,189,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-13@2.[164,1423,189,1834]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 2-5. 2 Scanning electron micrograph of exumbrellar epithelium of Pelagia noctiluca with two nematocyst warts (W). Seven suctorians are indicated by asterisks. 3 Scanning electron micrograph of a T. salparum attached to the exumbrellar epithelium of P. noctiluca. The knobs are prominent at the ends of the contracted tentacles. Several jellyfish cilia [c] reach above the epibiont. 4 Scanning electron micrograph of T. salparum with extended tentacles. 5 Scanning electron micrographic detail of the rim of the suctorian attachment surface towards the jellyfish exumbrellar epithelium (between arrowheads)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10662118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10662118/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), characteristic for this species. The suctorians were exclusively found on the smooth parts where the epithelial surface was covered by densely packed irregular microridges and occasional cilia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13647BC40042FFE959E3E81DFC9AFB8A" box="[664,807,1072,1099]" captionStart="Figures 2-5. 2" captionStartId="2.[151,237,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,189,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-13@2.[164,1423,189,1834]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 2-5. 2 Scanning electron micrograph of exumbrellar epithelium of Pelagia noctiluca with two nematocyst warts (W). Seven suctorians are indicated by asterisks. 3 Scanning electron micrograph of a T. salparum attached to the exumbrellar epithelium of P. noctiluca. The knobs are prominent at the ends of the contracted tentacles. Several jellyfish cilia [c] reach above the epibiont. 4 Scanning electron micrograph of T. salparum with extended tentacles. 5 Scanning electron micrographic detail of the rim of the suctorian attachment surface towards the jellyfish exumbrellar epithelium (between arrowheads)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10662118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10662118/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">Figs. 3 & 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tiny microvilli also projected from the attachment surface of the suctorian body towards the jellyfish tissue (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13647BC40042FFE95847E87FFC39FBAC" box="[828,900,1106,1133]" captionStart="Figures 2-5. 2" captionStartId="2.[151,237,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,189,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-13@2.[164,1423,189,1834]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 2-5. 2 Scanning electron micrograph of exumbrellar epithelium of Pelagia noctiluca with two nematocyst warts (W). Seven suctorians are indicated by asterisks. 3 Scanning electron micrograph of a T. salparum attached to the exumbrellar epithelium of P. noctiluca. The knobs are prominent at the ends of the contracted tentacles. Several jellyfish cilia [c] reach above the epibiont. 4 Scanning electron micrograph of T. salparum with extended tentacles. 5 Scanning electron micrographic detail of the rim of the suctorian attachment surface towards the jellyfish exumbrellar epithelium (between arrowheads)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10662118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10662118/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="305">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |