275 lines
29 KiB
XML
275 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0179555" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ea2cc5c-857b-4b47-8135-8bff7efbd1fc" ID-PMC="PMC5526618" ID-PubMed="28742835" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4251352" approvedBy="poa" checkinTime="1604676189431" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson" docDate="2017" docId="03F3F77FFF9BFF84FDB4D75BBA8FFC40" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSOne.12.7.e0179555.pdf.imf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE 12 (7)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Chironax melanocephalus Temminck 1825" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFCA8F07FF9EFF82FF81D072BF4BFFA2" masterDocTitle="A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1668143238971" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Voon-Ching Lim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">voonchinglim@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rosli Ramli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Subha Bhassu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>John-James Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wilso04@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PLoS ONE</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2017-07-25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>12</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>65</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1371/journal.pone.0179555</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6ea2cc5c-857b-4b47-8135-8bff7efbd1fc</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC5526618</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PubMed">28742835</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4251352</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4343543" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168816091" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4343543" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3F77FFF9BFF84FDB4D75BBA8FFC40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F3F77FFF9BFF84FDB4D75BBA8FFC40" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection box="[565,1051,1833,1858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[565,848,1833,1857]" box="[565,1051,1833,1858]" lastBlockId="5.[853,1051,1834,1858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading box="[565,1051,1833,1858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[565,1045,1833,1858]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Chironax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,848,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chironax melanocephalus</emphasis>
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Temminck, 1825
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</taxonomicName>
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]
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[853,1051,1834,1858]" box="[853,859,1834,1858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">[</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[533,1533,207,994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName authority="Temminck, 1825: 190" authorityName="Temminck" authorityPageNumber="190" authorityYear="1825" box="[565,1065,207,232]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">
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<emphasis box="[565,826,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pteropus melanocephalus</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2960680336" box="[833,1065,208,232]" country="Indonesia" location="Gunung Karang" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Banten">Temminck, 1825: 190</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3F77FFF9BFF84FDB4D75BBA8FFC40:8E8510B2FF98FF84FBB2D0A2BBA9FF4A" box="[1075,1250,208,232]" country="Indonesia" name="Gunung Karang" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Banten">Gunung Karang</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1260,1345,208,232]" country="Indonesia" name="Banten" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bantam</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1355,1454,208,232]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Barat" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">west Java</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[533,676,242,266]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">INDONESIA</collectingCountry>
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(Collector unknown;
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<typeStatus box="[910,963,242,266]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
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unknown) [
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<bibRefCitation author="Temminck CJ" box="[1097,1122,242,266]" journalOrPublisher="D'Ocagne, Paris" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="157 - 204" refId="ref40322" refString="58. Temminck CJ. Vues generales sur l'ordre des cheiropteres. Monographies de mammalogie, ou description de quelques genres de mammiferes, dont les especes dont ete observees dans les differens musees de l'Europe. G. Dufour and E. D'Ocagne, Paris; 1824 - 1827. pp. 157 - 204." title="Vues generales sur l'ordre des cheiropteres. Monographies de mammalogie, ou description de quelques genres de mammiferes, dont les especes dont ete observees dans les differens musees de l'Europe. G. Dufour and E" type="book chapter" year="1824">58</bibRefCitation>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[533,1533,207,994]" box="[565,878,277,301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[565,834,277,301]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Chironax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">
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<emphasis box="[565,834,277,301]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chironax melanocephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<bibRefCitation author="Corbet GB & Hill JE" box="[850,863,277,301]" journalOrPublisher="Oxford: Oxford University Press" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref38080" refString="9. Corbet GB, Hill JE. The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992." title="The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review" type="book" year="1992">9</bibRefCitation>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[565,1083,312,336]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[533,1533,207,994]" box="[565,1083,312,336]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,834,312,336]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Common English name:</emphasis>
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Black-capped Fruit Bat
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[533,1533,207,994]" box="[565,1486,346,370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,832,346,370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Barcode Index Number:</emphasis>
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<collectionCode box="[838,908,346,370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BOLD</collectionCode>
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:ACG2580 (1 DNA barcode from Peninsular
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<collectingCountry box="[1386,1482,346,370]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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;
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[533,1533,207,994]" box="[533,594,381,405]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<figureCitation box="[533,586,381,405]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[533,565,1257,1276]" captionTargetBox="[533,1446,208,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-231@5.[533,1447,208,1235]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Neighbour-joining tree showing all available DNA barcodes for species in family Pteropodidae reported from Peninsular Malaysia. The percentage of pseudoreplicate trees (±70%) in which the DNA barcodes clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 pseudoreplicates) are shown above the branches. Abbreviation as follows: PM = Peninsular Malaysia, VN = Vietnam, JV = Java, Indonesia, BN = Borneo (including Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan), TH = Thailand, LA = Laos. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179555.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4251358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4251358/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig 2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[533,1533,207,994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,669,416,440]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks:</emphasis>
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Sing et al. [
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<bibRefCitation author="Sing KW & Syaripuddin K & Wilson JJ" box="[793,806,416,440]" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bull Zool S." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="211 - 217" part="29" refId="ref37941" refString="5. Sing KW, Syaripuddin K, Wilson JJ. Changing perspectives on the diversity of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) at Ulu Gombak since the establishment of the Field Study Centre in 1965. Raffles Bull Zool S. 2013; 29: 211 - 217." title="Changing perspectives on the diversity of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) at Ulu Gombak since the establishment of the Field Study Centre in 1965" type="journal article" year="2013">5</bibRefCitation>
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] first reported that a DNA barcode collected at Ulu Gombak, shared 95.8% similarity with DNA barcodes of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[955,1223,450,474]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Chironax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">
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<emphasis box="[955,1223,450,474]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chironax melanocephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingRegion box="[1290,1336,450,474]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Java</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1346,1451,450,474]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[1466,1518,450,474]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[533,565,1257,1276]" captionTargetBox="[533,1446,208,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-231@5.[533,1447,208,1235]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Neighbour-joining tree showing all available DNA barcodes for species in family Pteropodidae reported from Peninsular Malaysia. The percentage of pseudoreplicate trees (±70%) in which the DNA barcodes clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 pseudoreplicates) are shown above the branches. Abbreviation as follows: PM = Peninsular Malaysia, VN = Vietnam, JV = Java, Indonesia, BN = Borneo (including Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan), TH = Thailand, LA = Laos. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179555.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4251358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4251358/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig 2</figureCitation>
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). The DNA barcodes from
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<collectingRegion box="[804,848,485,509]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Java</collectingRegion>
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are likely to represent
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[1088,1280,485,509]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Chironax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">
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<emphasis box="[1088,1105,485,508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[1116,1280,485,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">melanocephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1288,1420,485,509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
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as they were collected from
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<typeStatus box="[748,793,520,544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
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locality and are assigned to a different BIN (BOLD:AAE9045). Whether several forms of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1912" box="[807,904,554,578]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Chironax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[807,904,554,578]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chironax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occur in Peninsular
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<collectingCountry box="[1126,1220,554,578]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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remains to be determined. Two distinct morphotypes of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[847,1040,589,613]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Chironax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">
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<emphasis box="[847,864,589,612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[876,1040,589,613]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">melanocephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1047,1152,589,613]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
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were recently described from
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<collectingRegion box="[533,625,624,648]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[635,742,624,648]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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, neither matching with either of the currently recognised subspecies:
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<emphasis box="[1476,1493,624,647]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[1504,1525,624,647]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">m</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[533,697,658,682]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Chironax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">
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<emphasis box="[533,697,658,682]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">melanocephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis box="[751,768,658,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[779,800,659,682]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">m</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[812,897,658,682]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">tumulus</emphasis>
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[
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<bibRefCitation author="Huang JC & Jazdzyk EL & Nusalawo M & Maryanto I & Wiantoro S & Kingston T." box="[913,938,658,682]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Chiropt." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="413 - 449" part="16" refId="ref40379" refString="59. Huang JC, Jazdzyk EL, Nusalawo M, Maryanto I, Wiantoro S, Kingston T. A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra. Acta Chiropt. 2014; 16 (2): 413 - 449." title="A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra" type="journal article" year="2014">59</bibRefCitation>
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]. No DNA barcodes were provided for these specimens but it remains possible that the taxon in Peninsular
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<collectingCountry box="[1079,1173,693,717]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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is one of these putative species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[533,1533,207,994]" box="[565,870,728,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,710,728,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IUCN status:</emphasis>
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Least Concern
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[533,1533,207,994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,808,762,786]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Recorded at:
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<collectingRegion box="[711,808,762,786]" country="Malaysia" name="Selangor" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Selangor</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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: Ulu Gombak [
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<bibRefCitation author="Sing KW & Syaripuddin K & Wilson JJ" box="[973,986,762,786]" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bull Zool S." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="211 - 217" part="29" refId="ref37941" refString="5. Sing KW, Syaripuddin K, Wilson JJ. Changing perspectives on the diversity of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) at Ulu Gombak since the establishment of the Field Study Centre in 1965. Raffles Bull Zool S. 2013; 29: 211 - 217." title="Changing perspectives on the diversity of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) at Ulu Gombak since the establishment of the Field Study Centre in 1965" type="journal article" year="2013">5</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Medway L. The" box="[998,1023,762,786]" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Scientist." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 6" part="2" refId="ref40073" refString="52. Medway L. The Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre. Malayan Scientist. 1966; 2: 1 - 6." title="Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre" type="journal article" year="1966">52</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Heller KG & Volleth MA" box="[1035,1060,762,786]" journalOrPublisher="Beobachtungen zur Biologie, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Senckenb Biol." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="243 - 76" part="69" refId="ref40145" refString="54. Heller KG, Volleth MA. Fledermause aus Malaysia. 1. Beobachtungen zur Biologie, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Senckenb Biol. 1989; 69 (4 - 6): 243 - 76." title="Fledermause aus Malaysia" type="journal article" year="1989">54</bibRefCitation>
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], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [
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<bibRefCitation author="Lim BL & Majid RA & Norsham Y." box="[1394,1419,762,786]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Wildlife and Parks." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 6" part="17" refId="ref40034" refString="51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6." title="Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor" type="journal article" year="1999">51</bibRefCitation>
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], Sungai Dusun Forest Reserve [
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<bibRefCitation author="Mohd-Hanif RM & Nur-Aida MT & Zahirunisa AR & Mohd-Ridwan AR & Abdullah MT" box="[781,806,797,821]" journalOrPublisher="J Trop For Sci." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="506 - 16" part="27" refId="ref40227" refString="56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16." title="Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2015">56</bibRefCitation>
|
|
];
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[827,910,797,821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[827,910,797,821]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pahang</collectingRegion>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
: Cameron
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[1028,1129,797,821]" country="United Kingdom" name="Highland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Highland</collectingRegion>
|
|
[
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Medway L." box="[1144,1169,797,821]" journalOrPublisher="London: Oxford University Press" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref38724" refString="23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969." title="The wild mammals of Malaya" type="book" year="1969">23</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Shahfiz MA & Sahrul-Anuar MS & Shukor MN & Zalipah MN & Pan KA & Muin MA" box="[1181,1206,797,821]" editor="Rahman A & Koh HL & Mohd-Paiz K & Muhamad A & Latiff A" journalOrPublisher="Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="293 - 298" refId="ref40430" refString="60. Shahfiz MA, Sahrul-Anuar MS, Shukor MN, Zalipah MN, Pan KA, Muin MA, et al. Survey of small mammals at two forest reserves in Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Mohd-Paiz K, Muhamad A, Latiff A, editors. Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 3 - 5 August 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2008. pp. 293 - 298." title="Survey of small mammals at two forest reserves in Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia" year="2008">60</bibRefCitation>
|
|
], Krau Wildlife Reserve [
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kingston T & Lim BL & Akbar Z." box="[1476,1501,797,821]" journalOrPublisher="Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref38130" refString="11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006." title="Bats of Krau wildlife reserve" type="book" year="2006">11</bibRefCitation>
|
|
], Fraser Hill Forest Reserve [
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Mohd-Hanif RM & Nur-Aida MT & Zahirunisa AR & Mohd-Ridwan AR & Abdullah MT" box="[821,846,832,856]" journalOrPublisher="J Trop For Sci." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="506 - 16" part="27" refId="ref40227" refString="56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16." title="Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2015">56</bibRefCitation>
|
|
];
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[868,932,832,856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[868,932,832,856]" country="Malaysia" name="Perak" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Perak</collectingRegion>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
: Royal Belum State Park [
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Tamrin NAM & Rahman MRA & Daud MHRM & Hassan N & Abdullah MT" box="[1207,1232,832,856]" editor="Yasak MN & Nor SM & Illias R & Kamil SKSM & Mohamad MRB & Sitam FAT" journalOrPublisher="Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="7 - 14" part="2008" refId="ref39854" refString="48. Tamrin NAM, Rahman MRA, Daud MHRM, Hassan N, Abdullah MT. A survey on small mammals in the Royal Belum Park, Perak, Malaysia. In: Yasak MN, Nor SM, Illias R, Kamil SKSM, Mohamad MRB, Sitam FAT, editors. Proceeding of National Biodiversity Seminar 2008, 7 - 14 December 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2010. pp. 27 - 35." title="A survey on small mammals in the Royal Belum Park, Perak, Malaysia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Proceeding of National Biodiversity Seminar" year="2010">48</bibRefCitation>
|
|
], Bayor River-Rantau Panjang [
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Shafie NJ & Sah SA & Latip NA & Azman NM & Khairuddin NL" box="[594,619,866,890]" journalOrPublisher="Trop Life Sci Res" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="13 - 22" part="22" refId="ref39938" refString="49. Shafie NJ, Sah SA, Latip NA, Azman NM, Khairuddin NL. Diversity pattern of bats at two contrasting habitat types along Kerian River, Perak, Malaysia. Trop Life Sci Res 2011; 22: 13 - 22." title="Diversity pattern of bats at two contrasting habitat types along Kerian River, Perak, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2011">49</bibRefCitation>
|
|
];
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[640,709,866,890]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[640,705,866,890]" country="Malaysia" name="Johor" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Johor</collectingRegion>
|
|
:
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Endau Kluang Forest Reserve [
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Mohd-Hanif RM & Nur-Aida MT & Zahirunisa AR & Mohd-Ridwan AR & Abdullah MT" box="[1043,1068,866,890]" journalOrPublisher="J Trop For Sci." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="506 - 16" part="27" refId="ref40227" refString="56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16." title="Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2015">56</bibRefCitation>
|
|
];
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1089,1161,866,890]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[1089,1161,866,890]" country="Malaysia" name="Kedah" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Kedah</collectingRegion>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Norsham Y & Shariff F & Norhayati A & Nordin M & Lim BL" box="[1457,1482,866,890]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Wildlife and Parks." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="28 - 43" part="17" refId="ref40272" refString="57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43." title="Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah" type="journal article" year="1999">57</bibRefCitation>
|
|
];
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="6.[533,1533,207,994]" box="[533,1198,901,925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[533,634,901,925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[533,634,901,925]" country="Malaysia" name="Kelantan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Kelantan</collectingRegion>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
: Air Panas-Gua Musang [
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hasan NH & Khan K & Senawi J & Ketol B & Sait I & Abdullah MT" box="[911,936,901,925]" journalOrPublisher="J Trop Biol Conserv." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="156 - 162" part="9" refId="ref40520" refString="61. Hasan NH, Khan K, Senawi J, Ketol B, Sait I, Abdullah MT. A report on bats survey at Air Panas-Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Trop Biol Conserv. 2012; 9 (2): 156 - 162." title="A report on bats survey at Air Panas-Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2012">61</bibRefCitation>
|
|
], Gunung Chamah [
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Jayaraj VK & Khan FA & Azhar I & WeeChen E & Ali MR & Ahmad A" box="[1158,1183,901,925]" journalOrPublisher="Warasan Songkhla Nakharin." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="213 - 20" part="38" refId="ref40570" refString="62. Jayaraj VK, Khan FA, Azhar I, WeeChen E, Ali MR, Ahmad A, et al. Diversity and conservation status of small mammals in Kelantan, Malaysia. Warasan Songkhla Nakharin. 2016; 38 (2): 213 - 20." title="Diversity and conservation status of small mammals in Kelantan, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2016">62</bibRefCitation>
|
|
].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="6.[533,1533,207,994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[565,758,935,960]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Chironax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[565,582,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis box="[594,758,935,959]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">melanocephalus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is common in lowland, hill and montane forests where the species roosts in large colonies in caves and rock shelters but in smaller groups in tree ferns [
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kingston T & Lim BL & Akbar Z." box="[1361,1386,970,994]" journalOrPublisher="Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref38130" refString="11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006." title="Bats of Krau wildlife reserve" type="book" year="2006">11</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Francis CM" box="[1398,1423,970,994]" journalOrPublisher="New Holland Publishers" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref38235" refString="14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008." title="A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia" type="book" year="2008">14</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Medway L." box="[1435,1460,970,994]" journalOrPublisher="London: Oxford University Press" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref38724" refString="23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969." title="The wild mammals of Malaya" type="book" year="1969">23</bibRefCitation>
|
|
].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |