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<document ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0179555" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ea2cc5c-857b-4b47-8135-8bff7efbd1fc" ID-PMC="PMC5526618" ID-PubMed="28742835" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4251352" approvedBy="poa" checkinTime="1604676189431" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu &amp; John-James Wilson" docDate="2017" docId="03F3F77FFF9AFF87FDB4D5FFBC7AF882" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSOne.12.7.e0179555.pdf.imf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE 12 (7)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Balionycteris seimundi Kloss 1921" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FFCA8F07FF9EFF82FF81D072BF4BFFA2" masterDocTitle="A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1668143238971" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Voon-Ching Lim</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">voonchinglim@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rosli Ramli</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Subha Bhassu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>John-James Wilson</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wilso04@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PLoS ONE</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2017-07-25</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>12</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>7</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>65</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1371/journal.pone.0179555</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6ea2cc5c-857b-4b47-8135-8bff7efbd1fc</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC5526618</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="PubMed">28742835</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4251352</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4343591" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168816098" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4343591" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3F77FFF9AFF87FDB4D5FFBC7AF882" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F3F77FFF9AFF87FDB4D5FFBC7AF882" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection box="[565,938,1421,1446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="4.[533,1536,1421,1897]" box="[565,938,1421,1446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading box="[565,938,1421,1446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName authority="Kloss, 1921" authorityName="Kloss" authorityYear="1921" box="[565,938,1421,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Balionycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seimundi">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,812,1421,1445]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Balionycterisseimundi</emphasis>
Kloss, 1921
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="4.[533,1536,1421,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName authority="Kloss, 1921: 229" authorityName="Kloss" authorityPageNumber="229" authorityYear="1921" box="[565,1083,1456,1481]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Balionycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="maculata" subSpecies="seimundi">
<emphasis box="[565,903,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Balionycteris maculata seimundi</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2960680304" box="[910,1083,1457,1481]" collectionCode="MNM" collectorName="E. Seimund" country="Malaysia" county="Gunung Tahan" location="Junction of Tahan" municipality="Teku" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="MNM 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pahang">Kloss, 1921: 229</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3F77FFF9AFF87FDB4D5FFBC7AF882:8E8510B2FF9AFF86FBC5D5C3BA4EFA6B" box="[1092,1285,1457,1481]" country="Malaysia" county="Gunung Tahan" municipality="Teku" name="Junction of Tahan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Pahang">Junction of Tahan</location>
and
<collectingMunicipality box="[1337,1392,1457,1481]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Teku</collectingMunicipality>
rivers, foot of
<collectingCounty box="[560,725,1492,1516]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gunung Tahan</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion box="[735,816,1492,1516]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pahang</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[826,957,1492,1516]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MALAYSIA</collectingCountry>
(
<collectorName box="[972,1098,1492,1516]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">E. Seimund</collectorName>
, collector;
<specimenCode box="[1211,1293,1492,1516]" collectionCode="MNM" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MNM 1</specimenCode>
/21) [
<bibRefCitation author="Kloss CB" box="[1355,1380,1492,1516]" journalOrPublisher="Journal Fed Malay St Museums." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="229 - 234" part="10" refId="ref39474" refString="39. Kloss CB. Seven new Malayan mammals. Journal Fed Malay St Museums. 1921; 10: 229 - 234." title="Seven new Malayan mammals" type="journal article" year="1921">39</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[533,1536,1421,1897]" box="[565,845,1526,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[565,802,1526,1550]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Balionycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis box="[565,802,1526,1550]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Balionycteris maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation author="Chasen FN" box="[817,830,1526,1550]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Raffles Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref38037" refString="8. Chasen FN. A handlist of Malaysian mammals (A systematic list of the mammals of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Java, including the adjacent small islands). Bulletin of the Raffles Museum; 1940." title="A handlist of Malaysian mammals (A systematic list of the mammals of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Java, including the adjacent small islands)" type="book" year="1940">8</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[565,1108,1561,1585]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="4.[533,1536,1421,1897]" box="[565,1108,1561,1585]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,834,1561,1585]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Common English name:</emphasis>
Spotted-winged Fruit Bat
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="4.[533,1536,1421,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,832,1596,1620]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Barcode Index Number:</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[838,908,1596,1620]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">BOLD</collectionCode>
:AAB7907 (14 DNA barcodes from Peninsular
<collectingCountry box="[1405,1501,1596,1620]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
;
<figureCitation box="[533,586,1630,1654]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[533,565,1257,1276]" captionTargetBox="[533,1446,208,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-231@5.[533,1447,208,1235]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Neighbour-joining tree showing all available DNA barcodes for species in family Pteropodidae reported from Peninsular Malaysia. The percentage of pseudoreplicate trees (±70%) in which the DNA barcodes clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 pseudoreplicates) are shown above the branches. Abbreviation as follows: PM = Peninsular Malaysia, VN = Vietnam, JV = Java, Indonesia, BN = Borneo (including Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan), TH = Thailand, LA = Laos. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179555.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4251358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4251358/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="4.[533,1536,1421,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,669,1665,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks:</emphasis>
Originally described as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[1087,1211,1664,1689]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Balionycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis box="[1087,1102,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[1114,1211,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation author="Corbet GB &amp; Hill JE" box="[1226,1239,1665,1689]" journalOrPublisher="Oxford: Oxford University Press" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref38080" refString="9. Corbet GB, Hill JE. The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992." title="The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review" type="book" year="1992">9</bibRefCitation>
]. Khan et al. [
<bibRefCitation author="Khan FAA &amp; Vicki J &amp; Solari S &amp; Peter A &amp; Ketol B &amp; Marni W" box="[1388,1413,1665,1689]" journalOrPublisher="Number 281" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref39144" refString="32. Khan FAA, Vicki J, Solari S, Peter A, Ketol B, Marni W, et al. Using genetics and morphology to examine species diversity of Old World bats: report of a recent collection from Malaysia. Occas Pap Tex Tech Univ Mus. 2008; Number 281." title="Using genetics and morphology to examine species diversity of Old World bats: report of a recent collection from Malaysia. Occas Pap Tex Tech Univ Mus" type="book" year="2008">32</bibRefCitation>
] reported a high genetic distance (12%) in cytochrome
<emphasis box="[1008,1021,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">b</emphasis>
mtDNA between
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[1213,1337,1699,1723]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Balionycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis box="[1213,1228,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[1240,1337,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1343,1448,1699,1723]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
populations in Peninsular
<collectingCountry box="[740,834,1734,1758]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
and Borneo and consequently raised
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kloss" authorityYear="1921" box="[1232,1354,1734,1758]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Balionycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seimundi">
<emphasis box="[1232,1247,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[1259,1354,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">seimundi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a distinct species. The same pattern was also observed in COI mtDNA (
<figureCitation box="[1151,1204,1769,1793]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[533,565,1257,1276]" captionTargetBox="[533,1446,208,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-231@5.[533,1447,208,1235]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Neighbour-joining tree showing all available DNA barcodes for species in family Pteropodidae reported from Peninsular Malaysia. The percentage of pseudoreplicate trees (±70%) in which the DNA barcodes clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 pseudoreplicates) are shown above the branches. Abbreviation as follows: PM = Peninsular Malaysia, VN = Vietnam, JV = Java, Indonesia, BN = Borneo (including Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan), TH = Thailand, LA = Laos. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179555.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4251358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4251358/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 2</figureCitation>
; also see
<figureCitation box="[1301,1353,1769,1793]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[533,565,1257,1276]" captionTargetBox="[533,1446,208,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-231@5.[533,1447,208,1235]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Neighbour-joining tree showing all available DNA barcodes for species in family Pteropodidae reported from Peninsular Malaysia. The percentage of pseudoreplicate trees (±70%) in which the DNA barcodes clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 pseudoreplicates) are shown above the branches. Abbreviation as follows: PM = Peninsular Malaysia, VN = Vietnam, JV = Java, Indonesia, BN = Borneo (including Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan), TH = Thailand, LA = Laos. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179555.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4251358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4251358/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Fig
<quantity box="[1340,1353,1769,1793]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="in" value="2.0">2</quantity>
</figureCitation>
in [
<bibRefCitation author="Francis CM &amp; Borisenko AV &amp; Ivanova NV &amp; Eger JL &amp; Lim BK &amp; Guillen-Servent A" box="[1395,1408,1769,1793]" journalOrPublisher="PloS one." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="12575" part="5" refId="ref37870" refString="4. Francis CM, Borisenko AV, Ivanova NV, Eger JL, Lim BK, Guillen-Servent A, et al. The role of DNA barcodes in understanding and conservation of mammal diversity in Southeast Asia. PloS one. 2010 Sep 3. 5 (9): e 12575. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0012575 PMID: 20838635" title="The role of DNA barcodes in understanding and conservation of mammal diversity in Southeast Asia" type="journal article" year="2010">4</bibRefCitation>
]). Following Khan et al. [
<bibRefCitation author="Khan FAA &amp; Vicki J &amp; Solari S &amp; Peter A &amp; Ketol B &amp; Marni W" box="[774,799,1803,1827]" journalOrPublisher="Number 281" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref39144" refString="32. Khan FAA, Vicki J, Solari S, Peter A, Ketol B, Marni W, et al. Using genetics and morphology to examine species diversity of Old World bats: report of a recent collection from Malaysia. Occas Pap Tex Tech Univ Mus. 2008; Number 281." title="Using genetics and morphology to examine species diversity of Old World bats: report of a recent collection from Malaysia. Occas Pap Tex Tech Univ Mus" type="book" year="2008">32</bibRefCitation>
], the name of the taxon in Peninsular
<collectingCountry box="[1205,1299,1803,1827]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
should be updated to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kloss" authorityYear="1921" box="[533,655,1838,1862]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Balionycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seimundi">
<emphasis box="[533,548,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[560,655,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">seimundi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[533,1536,1421,1897]" box="[565,870,1873,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,710,1873,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">IUCN status:</emphasis>
Least Concern
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4251358" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4251358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4251358/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[533,565,1257,1276]" targetBox="[533,1446,208,1235]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph blockId="5.[533,1523,1257,1419]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Fig 2. Neighbour-joining tree showing all available DNA barcodes for species in family
<taxonomicName authorityName="J.E.Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[1388,1523,1257,1276]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pteropodidae</taxonomicName>
reported from Peninsular Malaysia.
</emphasis>
The percentage of pseudoreplicate trees (±70%) in which the DNA barcodes clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 pseudoreplicates) are shown above the branches. Abbreviation as follows: PM = Peninsular Malaysia, VN = Vietnam, JV = Java, Indonesia, BN = Borneo (including Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan), TH = Thailand, LA = Laos. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179555.g002
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="5.[533,1533,1453,1824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,705,1453,1477]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Recorded at:</emphasis>
As
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[744,868,1453,1477]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Balionycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis box="[744,759,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[771,868,1453,1477]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis bold="true" box="[881,964,1453,1477]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<collectingRegion box="[881,964,1453,1477]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pahang</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Gunung Tahan [
<bibRefCitation author="Kloss CB" box="[1154,1179,1453,1477]" journalOrPublisher="Journal Fed Malay St Museums." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="229 - 234" part="10" refId="ref39474" refString="39. Kloss CB. Seven new Malayan mammals. Journal Fed Malay St Museums. 1921; 10: 229 - 234." title="Seven new Malayan mammals" type="journal article" year="1921">39</bibRefCitation>
], Merapoh [
<bibRefCitation author="Ratnam L &amp; Anan S &amp; Muda H." box="[1313,1338,1453,1477]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Wildlife and Parks" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="9 - 16" part="8" refId="ref39498" refString="40. Ratnam L, Anan S, Muda H. Studies on a Collection of Bats. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 1989; 8: 9 - 16." title="Studies on a Collection of Bats" type="journal article" year="1989">40</bibRefCitation>
], Krau Wildlife Reserve [
<bibRefCitation author="Kingston T &amp; Lim BL &amp; Akbar Z." box="[630,655,1488,1512]" journalOrPublisher="Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref38130" refString="11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006." title="Bats of Krau wildlife reserve" type="book" year="2006">11</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Zubaid A." box="[668,693,1488,1512]" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="201 - 206" part="57" refId="ref39530" refString="41. Zubaid A. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia. 1993; 57 (2): 201 - 206." title="A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia" type="journal article" year="1993">41</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Anan S &amp; Rashdi AM &amp; Abdul J &amp; Lim BL" box="[705,730,1488,1512]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Wildlife and Parks." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="104 - 109" part="16" refId="ref39565" refString="42. Anan S, Rashdi AM, Abdul J, Lim BL. A survey of small mammals at Sungai Chenderoh, Perlok, Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1998; 16: 104 - 109." title="A survey of small mammals at Sungai Chenderoh, Perlok, Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang" type="journal article" year="1998">42</bibRefCitation>
], Tasik Chini [
<bibRefCitation author="Lim BL &amp; Hussein NA &amp; Ratnam L." box="[890,915,1488,1512]" journalOrPublisher="Mal Nat J." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="217 - 238" part="53" refId="ref39610" refString="43. Lim BL, Hussein NA, Ratnam L. A study of the vertebrate fauna in the Tasek Chini Nature Reserve, Pahang in relation to land use. Mal Nat J. 1999; 53 (3): 217 - 238." title="A study of the vertebrate fauna in the Tasek Chini Nature Reserve, Pahang in relation to land use" type="journal article" year="1999">43</bibRefCitation>
], Kuala Atok National Park [
<bibRefCitation author="Tingga RCT &amp; Khan FA &amp; Ridwan AM &amp; Senawi J &amp; Abdullah MT" box="[1226,1251,1488,1512]" journalOrPublisher="Sains Malays." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="659 - 669" part="41" refId="ref39656" refString="44. Tingga RCT, Khan FA, Ridwan AM, Senawi J, Abdullah MT. Small Mammals from Kuala Atok, Taman Negara Pahang, Malaysia. Sains Malays. 2012; 41 (6): 659 - 669." title="Small Mammals from Kuala Atok, Taman Negara Pahang, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2012">44</bibRefCitation>
];
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1272,1456,1488,1512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<collectingRegion box="[1272,1456,1488,1512]" country="Malaysia" name="Negeri Sembilan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Negeri Sembilan</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Pasoh Forest Reserve [
<bibRefCitation author="Francis CM" box="[703,728,1522,1546]" journalOrPublisher="J Trop Ecol." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="421 - 431" part="6" refId="ref39699" refString="45. Francis CM. Trophic structure of bat communities in the understorey of lowland dipterocarp rain forest in Malaysia. J Trop Ecol. 1990; 6: 421 - 431." title="Trophic structure of bat communities in the understorey of lowland dipterocarp rain forest in Malaysia" type="journal article" year="1990">45</bibRefCitation>
];
<emphasis bold="true" box="[749,813,1522,1546]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<collectingRegion box="[749,813,1522,1546]" country="Malaysia" name="Perak" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Perak</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Temengor Forest Reserve [
<bibRefCitation author="Francis CM" box="[1111,1136,1522,1546]" journalOrPublisher="Mal Nat J." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="403 - 408" part="48" refId="ref39732" refString="46. Francis CM. The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1995; 48: 403 - 408." title="The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="1995">46</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Shahfiz MA &amp; Shahrul-Anuar MA &amp; Kaviarasu M &amp; Fauzi MZ &amp; Rizal MR" box="[1149,1174,1522,1546]" editor="Mohamed AL &amp; Krishnapillay DB &amp; Kasim Z &amp; Khushairi ZA &amp; Ismail NI &amp; Rezan EFN &amp; Sadali A &amp; Mohammad MS &amp; Hassan MN &amp; Aznan ARY" journalOrPublisher="Pulau Banding Foundation, Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="22 - 25" part="2012" refId="ref39763" refString="47. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Kaviarasu M, Fauzi MZ, Rizal MR. Preliminary checklist of mammals at Sungai Enam in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia In: Mohamed AL, Krishnapillay DB, Kasim Z, Khushairi ZA, Ismail NI, Rezan EFN, Sadali A, Mohammad MS, Hassan MN, Aznan ARY, editors. Proceedings of the 2 nd Temengor Scientific Expedition 2012, 22 - 25 August 2013. Pulau Banding Foundation, Malaysia; 2013." title="Preliminary checklist of mammals at Sungai Enam in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Proceedings of the 2 nd Temengor Scientific Expedition" year="2013">47</bibRefCitation>
], Royal Belum State Park [
<bibRefCitation author="Tamrin NAM &amp; Rahman MRA &amp; Daud MHRM &amp; Hassan N &amp; Abdullah MT" box="[1458,1483,1522,1546]" editor="Yasak MN &amp; Nor SM &amp; Illias R &amp; Kamil SKSM &amp; Mohamad MRB &amp; Sitam FAT" journalOrPublisher="Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="7 - 14" part="2008" refId="ref39854" refString="48. Tamrin NAM, Rahman MRA, Daud MHRM, Hassan N, Abdullah MT. A survey on small mammals in the Royal Belum Park, Perak, Malaysia. In: Yasak MN, Nor SM, Illias R, Kamil SKSM, Mohamad MRB, Sitam FAT, editors. Proceeding of National Biodiversity Seminar 2008, 7 - 14 December 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2010. pp. 27 - 35." title="A survey on small mammals in the Royal Belum Park, Perak, Malaysia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Proceeding of National Biodiversity Seminar" year="2010">48</bibRefCitation>
], Bayor River-Rantau Panjang [
<bibRefCitation author="Shafie NJ &amp; Sah SA &amp; Latip NA &amp; Azman NM &amp; Khairuddin NL" box="[852,877,1557,1581]" journalOrPublisher="Trop Life Sci Res" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="13 - 22" part="22" refId="ref39938" refString="49. Shafie NJ, Sah SA, Latip NA, Azman NM, Khairuddin NL. Diversity pattern of bats at two contrasting habitat types along Kerian River, Perak, Malaysia. Trop Life Sci Res 2011; 22: 13 - 22." title="Diversity pattern of bats at two contrasting habitat types along Kerian River, Perak, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2011">49</bibRefCitation>
];
<emphasis bold="true" box="[898,961,1557,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<collectingRegion box="[898,961,1557,1581]" country="Malaysia" name="Perlis" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Perlis</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Wang Kelian State Park [
<bibRefCitation author="Jayaraj VK &amp; Daud SH &amp; Azhar MI &amp; Sah SA &amp; Mokhtar SI &amp; Abdullah MT" box="[1241,1266,1557,1581]" journalOrPublisher="Check List." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1439 - 48" part="9" refId="ref39984" refString="50. Jayaraj VK, Daud SH, Azhar MI, Sah SA, Mokhtar SI, Abdullah MT. Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 2013; 9 (6): 1439 - 48." title="Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2013">50</bibRefCitation>
];
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1287,1384,1557,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<collectingRegion box="[1287,1384,1557,1581]" country="Malaysia" name="Selangor" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Selangor</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Bukit Lanjan [
<bibRefCitation author="Ratnam L &amp; Anan S &amp; Muda H." box="[542,567,1592,1616]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Wildlife and Parks" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="9 - 16" part="8" refId="ref39498" refString="40. Ratnam L, Anan S, Muda H. Studies on a Collection of Bats. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 1989; 8: 9 - 16." title="Studies on a Collection of Bats" type="journal article" year="1989">40</bibRefCitation>
], Bangi Forest Reserve [
<bibRefCitation author="Zubaid A." box="[825,850,1592,1616]" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="201 - 206" part="57" refId="ref39530" refString="41. Zubaid A. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia. 1993; 57 (2): 201 - 206." title="A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia" type="journal article" year="1993">41</bibRefCitation>
], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [
<bibRefCitation author="Lim BL &amp; Majid RA &amp; Norsham Y." box="[1184,1209,1592,1616]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Wildlife and Parks." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 6" part="17" refId="ref40034" refString="51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6." title="Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor" type="journal article" year="1999">51</bibRefCitation>
], Ulu Gombak [
<bibRefCitation author="Medway L. The" box="[1384,1409,1592,1616]" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Scientist." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 6" part="2" refId="ref40073" refString="52. Medway L. The Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre. Malayan Scientist. 1966; 2: 1 - 6." title="Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre" type="journal article" year="1966">52</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation author="Heller KG &amp; Volleth MA" box="[1423,1448,1592,1616]" journalOrPublisher="Beobachtungen zur Biologie, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Senckenb Biol." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="243 - 76" part="69" refId="ref40145" refString="54. Heller KG, Volleth MA. Fledermause aus Malaysia. 1. Beobachtungen zur Biologie, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Senckenb Biol. 1989; 69 (4 - 6): 243 - 76." title="Fledermause aus Malaysia" type="journal article" year="1989">54</bibRefCitation>
], Air Hitam Forest Reserve [
<bibRefCitation author="Azlan JM &amp; Sharma RS &amp; Zakaria M." box="[777,802,1626,1650]" journalOrPublisher="Mal Nat J." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="69 - 75" part="54" refId="ref40183" refString="55. Azlan JM, Sharma RS, Zakaria M. Species diversity and relative abundance of understorey bats at Air Hitam forest reserve, Selangor, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 2000; 54 (1): 69 - 75." title="Species diversity and relative abundance of understorey bats at Air Hitam forest reserve, Selangor, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2000">55</bibRefCitation>
], Sungai Dusun Forest Reserve and Lata Bujang Forest Reserve [
<bibRefCitation author="Mohd-Hanif RM &amp; Nur-Aida MT &amp; Zahirunisa AR &amp; Mohd-Ridwan AR &amp; Abdullah MT" box="[1488,1513,1626,1650]" journalOrPublisher="J Trop For Sci." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="506 - 16" part="27" refId="ref40227" refString="56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16." title="Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2015">56</bibRefCitation>
];
<emphasis bold="true" box="[533,602,1661,1685]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<collectingRegion box="[533,598,1661,1685]" country="Malaysia" name="Johor" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Johor</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Endau-Kota Tinggi Forest Reserve [
<bibRefCitation author="Mohd-Hanif RM &amp; Nur-Aida MT &amp; Zahirunisa AR &amp; Mohd-Ridwan AR &amp; Abdullah MT" box="[989,1014,1661,1685]" journalOrPublisher="J Trop For Sci." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="506 - 16" part="27" refId="ref40227" refString="56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16." title="Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2015">56</bibRefCitation>
];
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1036,1108,1661,1685]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<collectingRegion box="[1036,1108,1661,1685]" country="Malaysia" name="Kedah" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Kedah</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [
<bibRefCitation author="Norsham Y &amp; Shariff F &amp; Norhayati A &amp; Nordin M &amp; Lim BL" box="[1404,1429,1661,1685]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Wildlife and Parks." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="28 - 43" part="17" refId="ref40272" refString="57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43." title="Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah" type="journal article" year="1999">57</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="5.[533,1533,1453,1824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kloss" authorityYear="1921" box="[565,687,1695,1720]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Balionycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seimundi">
<emphasis box="[565,580,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[592,687,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">seimundi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tends to roost in small harem groups in sites with bell-shaped cavities and smooth surfaces [
<bibRefCitation author="Kingston T &amp; Lim BL &amp; Akbar Z." box="[720,745,1730,1754]" journalOrPublisher="Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref38130" refString="11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006." title="Bats of Krau wildlife reserve" type="book" year="2006">11</bibRefCitation>
]. Individuals have also been found roosting in crowns of palms, clumps of epiphytic ferns, arboreal ant nests, hollowed arboreal termite nests and hollowed detached large branches [
<bibRefCitation author="Kingston T &amp; Lim BL &amp; Akbar Z." box="[702,727,1800,1824]" journalOrPublisher="Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref38130" refString="11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006." title="Bats of Krau wildlife reserve" type="book" year="2006">11</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Francis CM" box="[739,764,1800,1824]" journalOrPublisher="New Holland Publishers" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref38235" refString="14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008." title="A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia" type="book" year="2008">14</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Medway L." box="[776,801,1800,1824]" journalOrPublisher="London: Oxford University Press" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref38724" refString="23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969." title="The wild mammals of Malaya" type="book" year="1969">23</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>