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Kovac &amp; Kameneva
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<figureCitation id="136284BB1E05FF91FF2150DEFF29FE6D" box="[151,243,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1686,1710]" captionTargetBox="[247,1341,187,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[241,1346,181,1662]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ulivellia, Polyteloptera and similar genera, wing. A, U. amnoni sp. nov.; B, U. inversa Speiser; C, U. laetitiae sp. nov.; D–E, U. arcuata sp. nov. (D—male, E—female); F, U. tenoris sp. nov.; G, U. pseudinsolita sp. nov.; H, P. apotropa Hendel; I, “Euxesta” insolita Hendel; J, Gen. sp. near insolita; K, Axiologina ferrumequinum Hendel. Abbreviations. Veins and cells: bm—basal medial cell; br—basal radial cell; c—costal cell; C—costal vein; cua—anterior cubital cell; CuA+CuP— anterior branch of cubital vein + posterior branch of cubital vein; dm—discal medial cell; dm-m—discal medial crossvein; h—humeral crossvein; M1—first branch of media; m1—first medial cell; M4—fourth branch of media; m4—fourth medial cell; ptstg—pterostigma; R1—anterior branch of radius; r1—first radial cell; r2+3—second + third radial cell; R2+3—second branch of radius; R 4+5 —third branch of radius; r 4+5 —fourth + fifth radial cell; r-m—radial-medial crossvein; Sc—subcostal vein. Wing pattern: DB = discal band; HB = humeral band; AAB = anterior apical band; SAB = subapical band; SCB = subcostal band. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023159/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Figs 4 F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E05FF91FF4950DEFEF1FE6D" box="[255,299,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,215,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1436,181,1249]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Cephalopharyngeal skeletons of Aspistomella (A–B) and Ulivellia (C–D) and scheme for measuring the mouthhook and posterior spiracles (E–F). A, Aspistomella duo sp. nov.; B, A. tres sp. nov.; C, Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov.; D, U. tenoris sp. nov.; E, mouthhook measurements; F, posterior spiracles measurements.The scale of A–D is the same.Abbreviations:at—apical tooth, cr—cibarial ridge, da—dorsal apodeme, db—dorsal bridge, dc—dorsal cornu, ds—dental sclerite, hs—hypopharyngeal sclerite, mh—mouth hook, n—neck, pb—parastomal bars, ps—pharyngeal sclerite, pt—preapical tooth, tp—tentorial phragma, va—ventral apodeme, vb—ventral bridge, vc—ventral cornu, w—light window. Measurements: sd—shortest distance, sw— spiracular width,—a–e, see Material and Methods. (All figures by Alexander Schneider.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023165/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">7 D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E05FF91FE8050DEFE9FFE6D" box="[310,325,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1080,1104]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,184,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[152,1436,181,1056]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Schematic representation of the types of cuticular sensilla and their distribution on thoracic and abdominal segments (A) and caudal segment (B, C) of Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov. (identical to other Ulivellia and Aspistomella species). Abbreviations: T1–T3 = thoracic segments 1–3, A1–A7 = abdominal segments 1–7. Legend of sensilla types in the figure. (All figures by Alexander Schneider.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023169" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023169/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E05FF91FEE450DEFE46FE6D" box="[338,412,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[151,1436,181,1610]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Larvae and puparia of Aspistomella (A–B, F–G, I) and Ulivellia (C–E, H). A, A. duo larva, posterior spiracles; B, A. tres larva, same; C, U. tenoris larva, right posterior spiracle; D, U. arcuata larva, right posterior spiracle; E, U. arcuata puparium, right posterior spiracle; F, Aspistomella sp. larva, right posterior spiracle; G, A. duo, empty puparial exuvium; H, U. tenoris empty puparial exuvium; I, A. duo larva, creeping welt on fifth abdominal segment. Arrow indicates an incomplete second row of large spinules. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023171/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">9 C, H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="136284BB1E05FF91FE1C50DFFE12FE6D" box="[426,456,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1056,1080]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,182,1026]" captionTargetId="figure-30@102.[151,1436,181,1033]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 57. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, head, anterior; D, same, left; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, abdomen, dorsal; G, labels. Scale bar 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023316/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">57</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E05FF91FE6250DFFDC7FE6D" box="[468,541,402,429]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 59" captionStart-1="FIGURE 60" captionStartId-0="104.[151,250,1626,1650]" captionStartId-1="105.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,181,1598]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId-0="figure-30@104.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@105.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId-0="104" captionTargetPageId-1="105" captionText-0="FIGURE 59. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov., SEM views of pseudocephalon. A, pseudocephalon, ventral view; B, thoracic segment I, lateral view; C, oral cavity with mouth hooks and oral ridges; D, labial lobe; E, sensory pits (labial organ) on labial lobe; F, pit-sensilla in left posterior corner of oral ridge area. Abbreviations: ant—antenna, ant spir—anterior spiracle, ceph l—cephalic lobe, lal—labial lobe, la org—labial organ, max org—maxillary organ, mh—mouthhook, mol—median oral lobe, or rg—oral ridges, pit-s—pit sensillum, s1–s14—cuticular sensilla s1–s14 on right side of the body, prot spn—prothoracic spinules. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" captionText-1="FIGURE 60. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and caudal segment A, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; E, anal slit; F, posterior spiracles on caudal segment, dorsal view; G, left posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023320" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023322" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14023320/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14023322/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">59–60</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="C343CBB51E05FF91FF215097FB5BFDA1" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E05FF91FF215097FF33FDFD" blockId="101.[151,1437,474,1905]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E05FF91FF215097FE12FE35" bold="true" box="[151,456,474,501]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Material examined. Type.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3192631E05FF91FE795096FF33FDFD" collectingDate="2011-02-05" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="D. Kovac" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.4734" location="El Cairo" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-63.6922" municipality="Buena Vista" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54E2269C1E05FF91FE795096FDEDFE35" box="[463,567,475,501]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E05FF91FD885096FD89FE35" box="[574,595,475,501]" count="1" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
: “ 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E05FF91FDDB5097FD1BFE34" bold="true" box="[621,705,474,500]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<collectingCountry id="F34ED8AE1E05FF91FDDB5097FD1BFE34" box="[621,705,474,500]" name="Bolivia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingRegion id="499D56DC1E05FF91FD665096FC94FE35" box="[720,846,475,501]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
, near 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8202441E05FF91FC265096FBCDFE35" box="[912,1047,475,501]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Buena Vista</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location id="8E86CEE51E05FF91FB905096FB5DFE35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F029281E05FF9EFF215007FEBAFB99:8E86CEE51E05FF91FB905096FB5DFE35" box="[1062,1159,475,501]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.4734" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-63.6922" municipality="Buena Vista" name="El Cairo" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">El Cairo</location>
) [
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E05FF91FB2D5096FAD1FE35" box="[1179,1291,475,501]" degrees="17.4734" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" precision="5" value="-17.4734">17.4734S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E05FF91FAA05096FA48FE35" box="[1302,1426,475,501]" degrees="63.6922" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" precision="5" value="-63.6922">63.6922W</geoCoordinate>
], larva in bamboo internodium (
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E05FF91FE5A50B2FD12FDD9" box="[492,712,511,537]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Guadua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chacoensis">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E05FF91FE5A50B2FD12FDD9" box="[492,712,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Guadua chacoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, last year), emerged on 
<date id="FFE7BEFE1E05FF91FC6250B3FB9DFDD9" box="[980,1095,510,537]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2011-02-05">
<collectingDate id="EFA347161E05FF91FC6250B3FB9DFDD9" box="[980,1095,510,537]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2011-02-05">05.ii.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, Bol Z15/4/11, leg. 
<collectorName id="26ACFDE81E05FF91FA9350B2FA48FDD9" box="[1317,1426,511,537]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">D. Kovac</collectorName>
” (
<collectionCode id="ED4800FB1E05FF91FF29536EFF07FDFD" box="[159,221,547,573]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">SMF</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E05FF91FF71530AFB5BFDA1" blockId="101.[151,1437,474,1905]" box="[199,1153,582,609]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E05FF91FF71530AFEFEFDA1" bold="true" box="[199,292,583,609]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Larvae.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3192631E05FF91FE9D530BFBA7FDA1" box="[299,1149,582,609]" collectingDate="2011-02-06" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="D. Kovac" country="Bolivia" location="Buena Vista" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-larva="5">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E05FF91FE9D530BFEA5FDA0" bold="true" box="[299,383,582,608]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<collectingCountry id="F34ED8AE1E05FF91FE9D530BFEA5FDA0" box="[299,383,582,608]" name="Bolivia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<location id="8E86CEE51E05FF91FE38530AFDC2FDA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F029281E05FF9EFF215007FEBAFB99:8E86CEE51E05FF91FE38530AFDC2FDA1" box="[398,536,583,609]" country="Bolivia" name="Buena Vista" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Buena Vista</location>
, 
<date id="FFE7BEFE1E05FF91FD95530AFD52FDA1" box="[547,648,583,609]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2011-02-06">
<collectingDate id="EFA347161E05FF91FD95530AFD52FDA1" box="[547,648,583,609]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2011-02-06">6.ii.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, BolZ32/11, 
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E05FF91FCAC530BFCA9FDA1" box="[794,883,582,609]" count="5" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="larva">5 larvae</specimenCount>
(
<collectorName id="26ACFDE81E05FF91FC35530AFC35FDA1" box="[899,1007,583,609]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">D. Kovac</collectorName>
leg.) (
<collectionCode id="ED4800FB1E05FF91FB81530AFBAFFDA1" box="[1079,1141,583,609]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">SMF</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C343CBB51E05FF91FF715327FD9EFC41" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E05FF91FF715327FD9EFC41" blockId="101.[151,1437,474,1905]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E05FF91FF715327FEE0FD44" bold="true" box="[199,314,618,644]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E05FF91FEFE5326FE24FD44" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[328,510,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenoris">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E05FF91FEFE5326FE24FD44" box="[328,510,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Ulivellia tenoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other species of the genus in the combination of non-lobed costal cell, the presence of prescutellar acrostichal setae, a completely black halter and legs; it is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E05FF91FB5053C2FA46FD69" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[1254,1436,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudinsolita">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E05FF91FB5053C2FA46FD69" box="[1254,1436,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">U. pseudinsolita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a wing pattern with four narrow brown crossbands, of which the discal and preapical are oblique and clearly diverging posteriorly, and differs from it in having a narrower wing and a wider hyaline interspace between discal and preapical crossbands, in the partly yellow colouration of legs and halter, and in the absence of the acrostichal setae (see the key). Both species have the wing pattern similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E05FF91FC765252FBA9FCF9" box="[960,1139,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolita">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E05FF91FC765252FBA9FCF9" box="[960,1139,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Euxesta insolita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, clearly differing by the at least partly hyaline or yellow wing base (in 
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E05FF91FD34520EFD2FFC9D" box="[642,757,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolita">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E05FF91FD34520EFD2FFC9D" box="[642,757,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">E. insolita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
entirely black); as well as by the almost twice larger size (in 
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E05FF91FF21522AFED0FC41" box="[151,266,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolita">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E05FF91FF21522AFED0FC41" box="[151,266,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">E. insolita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
wing length =3.0– 
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E05FF91FE69522BFDE2FC41" box="[479,568,870,897]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C343CBB51E05FF9EFF7152C7FBB9FC2D" lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E05FF91FF7152C7FABDF9C9" blockId="101.[151,1437,474,1905]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E05FF91FF7152C7FE8BFC64" bold="true" box="[199,337,906,932]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Description</emphasis>
. Female. 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E05FF91FE0852C6FE24FC65" bold="true" box="[446,510,907,933]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E05FF91FDBA52C6FD46FC65" box="[524,668,906,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1056,1080]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,182,1026]" captionTargetId="figure-30@102.[151,1436,181,1033]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 57. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, head, anterior; D, same, left; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, abdomen, dorsal; G, labels. Scale bar 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023316/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Figs 57 C–D</figureCitation>
) ratio (length: height: width) = 1: 1.3: 1.7, frons, vertex, parafacial, and gena brownish yellowish brown, face and occiput mostly brown. Frons subshining yellowish-brown, narrowed posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E05FF91FE95529EFE4EFC2D" box="[291,404,978,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1056,1080]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,182,1026]" captionTargetId="figure-30@102.[151,1436,181,1033]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 57. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, head, anterior; D, same, left; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, abdomen, dorsal; G, labels. Scale bar 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023316/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Fig. 57 C</figureCitation>
), 1.17× as long (from the lunule to inner vertical seta) as wide at lunule and 1.4× longer than wide at vertex or 0.9 × as long (from the lunule to anterior ocellus) as wide at lunule and as long as wide at vertex; with metallic shining, brown ocellar triangle and vertical plates; orbits, vertex, gena and occiput silver-white microtrichose; parafacial narrow, 0.2× broader than postpedicel, sparsely white microtrichose. Frontal plates with 8–10 proclinate parafrontal setulae and 8–9 frontal setae, forming 1–3 irregular rows; frontal vitta with 6–7 interfrontal setae at each side, anteriormost submedial setulae crossing, longer than other setulae and half as long as outer vertical seta; 1 reclinate anterior orbital setula (as long as longest frontal setae) and 1 very long posterior orbital seta as long as ocellar seta, 0.56× longer than inner vertical seta and 1.5× longer than outer vertical seta; postocellar seta long, 0.56× longer than inner vertical seta; outer vertical seta short, 0.4× longer than inner vertical seta and twice as long as postocular setae forming one row, allied by 8–10 dorsal and 10–12 ventral occipital setae. Lunule narrow, indistinct, orange. Eye 1.5× higher than long. Face (above suture) 0.65× higher than wide at transverse fold, yellowish brown, white microtrichose; epistome dark brown, sparsely white microtrichose, with metallic cyan sheen, strongly produced anteriorly and separated from upper part of face by deep fold. Clypeus shiny brown, sparsely white microtrichose, 0.5× higher than epistome. Gena brownish yellow, with moderately long genal seta and 4–5 peristomal setae anterior of it, 0.4–0.5× longer than genal seta. Occiput brown, medially yellow, with cyan metallic sheen, greyish microtrichose; ventral part of occiput (postgena) with 8–10 setae as long as genal seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E05FF91FF71575EFD5CF959" blockId="101.[151,1437,474,1905]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Antenna brownish yellow; scape and pedicel with black setulae; postpedicel brown, whitish microtrichose, twice as long as wide, apically rounded; arista brown, almost bare. Mouthparts brown, prementum dark brown, with steel sheen. Palp brown, moderately wide crescent, apically rounded, with 7–8 long black setulae, of which 3–4 apico-medial ones longer than other setulae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E05FF91FF7157EEFB52F8B1" blockId="101.[151,1437,474,1905]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E05FF91FF7157EEFEFAF97D" bold="true" box="[199,288,1699,1725]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E05FF91FE9857EEFE4FF97D" box="[302,405,1698,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1056,1080]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,182,1026]" captionTargetId="figure-30@102.[151,1436,181,1033]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 57. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, head, anterior; D, same, left; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, abdomen, dorsal; G, labels. Scale bar 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023316/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Fig. 57 E</figureCitation>
) brown to black, with greenish sheen and sparse white microtrichia not obscuring underlying cuticle. Mesonotal scutum 1.2× longer than wide; with brown microtrichia posterolateral to transverse suture, black setulose, with 10–12 rows of setulae between rows of dorsocentral setulae; acrostichal prescutellar setae absent; prescutellar area setulose to posterior dorsocentral seta. Scutellum dorsally very slightly convex, brown, subshining, sparsely microtrichose, without setulae, laterally yellow, with greenish sheen. Subscutellum and mediotergite black, grey microtrichose. Other setae as described for the genus. All the setae and setulae black.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF26C8B61E06FF92FF21556DFC9EFB9C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023316" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14023316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023316/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" startId="102.[151,250,1056,1080]" targetBox="[155,1436,182,1026]" targetPageId="102" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E06FF92FF21556DFC9EFB9C" blockId="102.[151,1436,1056,1117]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E06FF92FF21556DFEFEFBF9" bold="true" box="[151,292,1056,1081]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">FIGURE 57.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E06FF92FE9B556DFE0CFBF8" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[301,470,1056,1080]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenoris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E06FF92FE9B556DFE0CFBF8" box="[301,470,1056,1080]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Ulivellia tenoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E06FF92FE56556CFDEFFBF9" bold="true" box="[480,565,1057,1081]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21EF9571E06FF92FE56556CFDEFFBF9" box="[480,565,1057,1081]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
holotype ♀. 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E06FF92FD73556DFD0DFBF8" bold="true" box="[709,727,1056,1080]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
, habitus, left; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E06FF92FCC2556CFC5FFBF9" bold="true" box="[884,901,1057,1081]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
, same, dorsal; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E06FF92FB9F556DFBE1FBF8" bold="true" box="[1065,1083,1056,1080]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
, head, anterior; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E06FF92FB5D556CFB27FBF9" bold="true" box="[1259,1277,1057,1081]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">D</emphasis>
, same, left; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E06FF92FA33556CFA4CFBF9" bold="true" box="[1413,1430,1057,1081]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
, mesonotum, dorsal; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E06FF92FED35508FEAEFB9D" bold="true" box="[357,372,1093,1117]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">F</emphasis>
, abdomen, dorsal; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E06FF92FD805509FD90FB9C" bold="true" box="[566,586,1092,1116]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">G</emphasis>
, labels. Scale bar 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E06FF92FF7155ECFF33F94F" blockId="102.[151,1437,1185,2040]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E06FF92FF7155ECFED2FB7B" bold="true" box="[199,264,1185,1211]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E06FF92FEAE55ECFEAEFB7C" box="[280,372,1185,1212]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1686,1710]" captionTargetBox="[247,1341,187,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[241,1346,181,1662]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ulivellia, Polyteloptera and similar genera, wing. A, U. amnoni sp. nov.; B, U. inversa Speiser; C, U. laetitiae sp. nov.; D–E, U. arcuata sp. nov. (D—male, E—female); F, U. tenoris sp. nov.; G, U. pseudinsolita sp. nov.; H, P. apotropa Hendel; I, “Euxesta” insolita Hendel; J, Gen. sp. near insolita; K, Axiologina ferrumequinum Hendel. Abbreviations. Veins and cells: bm—basal medial cell; br—basal radial cell; c—costal cell; C—costal vein; cua—anterior cubital cell; CuA+CuP— anterior branch of cubital vein + posterior branch of cubital vein; dm—discal medial cell; dm-m—discal medial crossvein; h—humeral crossvein; M1—first branch of media; m1—first medial cell; M4—fourth branch of media; m4—fourth medial cell; ptstg—pterostigma; R1—anterior branch of radius; r1—first radial cell; r2+3—second + third radial cell; R2+3—second branch of radius; R 4+5 —third branch of radius; r 4+5 —fourth + fifth radial cell; r-m—radial-medial crossvein; Sc—subcostal vein. Wing pattern: DB = discal band; HB = humeral band; AAB = anterior apical band; SAB = subapical band; SCB = subcostal band. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023159/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 4 F</figureCitation>
) 
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E06FF92FE3255ECFE01FB7C" box="[388,475,1185,1212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E06FF92FE5B55EFFE25FB7C" box="[493,511,1186,1212]" count="1" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) long, 3.2× longer than wide; basicostal cell yellowish; costal cell 7× longer than wide, brown in basal half, with costa almost straight, forming neither lobe nor cleft; pterostigma entirely brown, narrow triangular, 6× longer than wide, vein R 
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E06FF92FD2555B1FD41FACA" attach="left" box="[659,667,1276,1290]" fontSize="6" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">1</subScript>
with 13–15 setulae dorsally after Sc apex, ending at level of crossvein dm-m; vein R 
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E06FF92FE83546DFE94FAEE" attach="left" box="[309,334,1312,1326]" fontSize="6" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">2+3</subScript>
weakly arcuate, subparallel to costa, turning towards it before very apex. Crossvein r-m distal to middle of cell dm. Cell r 
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E06FF92FE0E5409FE08FA92" attach="left" box="[440,466,1348,1362]" fontSize="6" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">4+5</subScript>
7× longer than wide, widened distal to crossvein dm-m, narrowed apically. Cell m 
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E06FF92FA225409FA46FA92" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,1348,1362]" fontSize="6" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">1</subScript>
narrowly triangular; the ultimate section of M 
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E06FF92FD2D5425FD79FAB6" attach="left" box="[667,675,1384,1398]" fontSize="6" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">1</subScript>
4.8× longer than crossvein dm-m and 1.9× longer than penultimate section, conspicuously deepening posteriorly. Vein CuA Z-shaped, forming moderately long posteroapical lobe of cell cua along vein CuP, 1.2× longer than its anterior shoulder. Wing pattern with subbasal crossband from basal half of costal cell through cell cua into alula, wide oblique brown discal crossband from pterostigma to base of cell m 
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E06FF92FA225499FA46FA22" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,1492,1506]" fontSize="6" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">4</subScript>
except its very base and apex; narrow and oblique preapical crossband from cell r 
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E06FF92FBAA54B5FBFEF9C6" attach="left" box="[1052,1060,1528,1542]" fontSize="6" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">1</subScript>
through crossvein dm-m merging with apical crossband in cell r 
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E06FF92FE585751FE2CF9EA" attach="left" box="[494,502,1564,1578]" fontSize="6" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">1</subScript>
to apex of cell m1; hyaline space between discal and preapical crossband 2.7–2.8 times as wide as discal crossband in cell dm (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E06FF92FD295760FD2FF988" box="[671,757,1581,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1686,1710]" captionTargetBox="[247,1341,187,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[241,1346,181,1662]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ulivellia, Polyteloptera and similar genera, wing. A, U. amnoni sp. nov.; B, U. inversa Speiser; C, U. laetitiae sp. nov.; D–E, U. arcuata sp. nov. (D—male, E—female); F, U. tenoris sp. nov.; G, U. pseudinsolita sp. nov.; H, P. apotropa Hendel; I, “Euxesta” insolita Hendel; J, Gen. sp. near insolita; K, Axiologina ferrumequinum Hendel. Abbreviations. Veins and cells: bm—basal medial cell; br—basal radial cell; c—costal cell; C—costal vein; cua—anterior cubital cell; CuA+CuP— anterior branch of cubital vein + posterior branch of cubital vein; dm—discal medial cell; dm-m—discal medial crossvein; h—humeral crossvein; M1—first branch of media; m1—first medial cell; M4—fourth branch of media; m4—fourth medial cell; ptstg—pterostigma; R1—anterior branch of radius; r1—first radial cell; r2+3—second + third radial cell; R2+3—second branch of radius; R 4+5 —third branch of radius; r 4+5 —fourth + fifth radial cell; r-m—radial-medial crossvein; Sc—subcostal vein. Wing pattern: DB = discal band; HB = humeral band; AAB = anterior apical band; SAB = subapical band; SCB = subcostal band. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023159/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig 4 F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E06FF92FCB75760FCE6F988" box="[769,828,1581,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1056,1080]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,182,1026]" captionTargetId="figure-30@102.[151,1436,181,1033]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 57. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, head, anterior; D, same, left; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, abdomen, dorsal; G, labels. Scale bar 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023316/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">57 A</figureCitation>
). Cell cup and anal lobe grey in apical half, narrower than cell cua. Alula 3× longer than wide, grey in apical 0.5–0.6. Calypters white, with white cilia. Halter brownish yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E06FF92FF7157D7FDFFF883" blockId="102.[151,1437,1185,2040]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
Legs (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E06FF92FEBA57D4FEAFF974" box="[268,373,1689,1716]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1056,1080]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,182,1026]" captionTargetId="figure-30@102.[151,1436,181,1033]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 57. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, head, anterior; D, same, left; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, abdomen, dorsal; G, labels. Scale bar 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023316/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 57 A</figureCitation>
) with yellow or brownish yellow coxae and trochanters, femora and tibiae entirely black, except knees narrowly brown, with bluish sheen; tarsi entirely brownish yellow, black setose and setulose. Fore femur with 2 rows of posterodorsal and posterior setae slightly shorter than femur width, and 4–5 strong posteroventral setae in apical half. Mid femur anteriorly with row of short suberect setulae; mid tibia ventrally with one subequal spur-like seta 2–2.1× longer than tibia width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E06FF92FF715600FF21F870" blockId="102.[151,1437,1185,2040]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E06FF92FF715600FEE6F8A7" bold="true" box="[199,316,1869,1895]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Abdomen</emphasis>
moderately elongate (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E06FF92FD855600FD40F8A8" box="[563,666,1869,1896]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1056,1080]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,182,1026]" captionTargetId="figure-30@102.[151,1436,181,1033]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 57. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, head, anterior; D, same, left; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, abdomen, dorsal; G, labels. Scale bar 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023316/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 57 F</figureCitation>
), black, sparsely whitish microtrichose, with greenish metallic sheen; syntergite 1+2 sometimes brown. Tergites 4–5 subequally long; tergite 6 of 
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E06FF92FBB4563FFBCDF84C" box="[1026,1047,1906,1932]" count="1" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
short, completely hidden beneath tergite 5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E06FF92FF7156F7FE25F838" blockId="102.[151,1437,1185,2040]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E06FF92FF7156F7FE2EF814" bold="true" box="[199,500,1977,2004]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Larva. General structure</emphasis>
: As in 
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E06FF92FDF356F7FD54F813" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[581,654,1977,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duo">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E06FF92FDF356F7FD54F813" box="[581,654,1977,2004]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">A. duo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, body length 
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E06FF92FC9E56F4FC64F814" box="[808,958,1977,2004]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.015" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.76" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="10.149999999999999" valueMax="12.7" valueMin="7.6">7.6–12.7 mm</quantity>
(median: 
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E06FF92FB9956F4FB4CF814" box="[1071,1174,1977,2004]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.45" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="9.45">9.45 mm</quantity>
; n = 10), width 
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E06FF92FAFE56F4FF19F838" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="2.5">2.5–2.9 mm</quantity>
(median: 
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E06FF92FE825690FE41F838" box="[308,411,2013,2040]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="2.65">2.65 mm</quantity>
; n = 10).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF26C8B61E07FF93FF215714FE08F8C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023318" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14023318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023318/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" startId="103.[151,250,1625,1649]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" targetPageId="103" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E07FF93FF215714FE08F8C2" blockId="103.[151,1437,1625,1794]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E07FF93FF215714FEFAF9B2" bold="true" box="[151,288,1625,1650]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">FIGURE 58.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E07FF93FE905717FE09F9B1" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[294,467,1626,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E07FF93FE905717FE09F9B1" box="[294,467,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Ulivellia arcuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E07FF93FE6F5717FDF3F9B2" bold="true" box="[473,553,1626,1650]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21EF9571E07FF93FE6F5717FDF3F9B2" box="[473,553,1626,1650]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, SEM views of mouthooks and abdominal creeping welts (
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E07FF93FB345714FB74F9B1" bold="true" box="[1154,1198,1625,1649]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">CW</emphasis>
), posterior spiracle and puparium 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E07FF93FEB75730FEC9F955" bold="true" box="[257,275,1661,1685]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">A</emphasis>
, mouthhooks; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E07FF93FE185733FE65F956" bold="true" box="[430,447,1662,1686]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">B</emphasis>
, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E07FF93FC135730FC6DF955" bold="true" box="[933,951,1661,1685]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">C</emphasis>
, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E07FF93FF2157EFFF73F97A" bold="true" box="[151,169,1698,1722]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">D</emphasis>
, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E07FF93FD2257EFFD7FF97A" bold="true" box="[660,677,1698,1722]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">E</emphasis>
, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E07FF93FB4A57EFFAD1F97A" bold="true" box="[1276,1291,1698,1722]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">F</emphasis>
, left posterior spiracle; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E07FF93FF435788FED3F91D" bold="true" box="[245,265,1733,1757]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">G</emphasis>
, dorsal view of anterior portion of empty puparial integument. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a-e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E07FF93FF715619FBD5F852" blockId="103.[151,1437,1876,1938]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E07FF93FF715619FE55F8AE" bold="true" box="[199,399,1876,1902]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Pseudocephalon.</emphasis>
As in 
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E07FF93FE6A5619FDC5F8AE" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[476,543,1876,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duo">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E07FF93FE6A5619FDC5F8AE" box="[476,543,1876,1902]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">A.duo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E07FF93FD995619FD1AF8AE" box="[559,704,1876,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="104.[151,250,1626,1650]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-30@104.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 59. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov., SEM views of pseudocephalon. A, pseudocephalon, ventral view; B, thoracic segment I, lateral view; C, oral cavity with mouth hooks and oral ridges; D, labial lobe; E, sensory pits (labial organ) on labial lobe; F, pit-sensilla in left posterior corner of oral ridge area. Abbreviations: ant—antenna, ant spir—anterior spiracle, ceph l—cephalic lobe, lal—labial lobe, la org—labial organ, max org—maxillary organ, mh—mouthhook, mol—median oral lobe, or rg—oral ridges, pit-s—pit sensillum, s1–s14—cuticular sensilla s1–s14 on right side of the body, prot spn—prothoracic spinules. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023320/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Figs 59 A–F</figureCitation>
). Second antennal segment retracted, not visible, 25 and 28 oral ridges adjacent to oral cavity, identical on both sides of the body (n = 
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E07FF93FC135635FBD9F852" box="[933,1027,1912,1938]" count="2" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF26C8B61E08FF9CFF215717FE08F8E7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023320" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14023320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023320/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" startId="104.[151,250,1626,1650]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1598]" targetPageId="104" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E08FF9CFF215717FE08F8E7" blockId="104.[151,1437,1626,1831]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E08FF9CFF215717FEFAF9B2" bold="true" box="[151,288,1626,1650]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">FIGURE 59.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E08FF9CFE905717FE11F9B2" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[294,459,1626,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenoris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E08FF9CFE905717FE11F9B2" box="[294,459,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Ulivellia tenoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E08FF9CFE645717FDF9F9B2" bold="true" box="[466,547,1626,1650]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21EF9571E08FF9CFE645717FDF9F9B2" box="[466,547,1626,1650]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, SEM views of pseudocephalon. 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E08FF9CFCCE5717FC50F9B2" bold="true" box="[888,906,1626,1650]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">A</emphasis>
, pseudocephalon, ventral view; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E08FF9CFB645717FB39F9B2" bold="true" box="[1234,1251,1626,1650]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">B</emphasis>
, thoracic segment I, lateral view; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E08FF9CFE845733FE9EF956" bold="true" box="[306,324,1662,1686]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">C</emphasis>
, oral cavity with mouth hooks and oral ridges; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E08FF9CFC9E5733FCE0F956" bold="true" box="[808,826,1662,1686]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">D</emphasis>
, labial lobe; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E08FF9CFC765733FC0BF956" bold="true" box="[960,977,1662,1686]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">E</emphasis>
, sensory pits (labial organ) on labial lobe; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E08FF9CFA305733FA4FF956" bold="true" box="[1414,1429,1662,1686]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">F</emphasis>
, pit-sensilla in left posterior corner of oral ridge area. Abbreviations: ant—antenna, ant spir—anterior spiracle, ceph l—cephalic lobe, lal—labial lobe, la org—labial organ, max org—maxillary organ, mh—mouthhook, mol—median oral lobe, or rg—oral ridges, pit-s—pit sensillum, s1–s14—cuticular sensilla s1–s14 on right side of the body, prot spn—prothoracic spinules. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E08FF9CFF71563FFE3EF838" blockId="104.[151,1437,1906,2040]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E08FF9CFF71563FFDC1F84C" bold="true" box="[199,539,1906,1932]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Cephalopharyngeal skeleton</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E08FF9CFD9F563FFD50F84C" box="[553,650,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,215,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1436,181,1249]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Cephalopharyngeal skeletons of Aspistomella (A–B) and Ulivellia (C–D) and scheme for measuring the mouthhook and posterior spiracles (E–F). A, Aspistomella duo sp. nov.; B, A. tres sp. nov.; C, Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov.; D, U. tenoris sp. nov.; E, mouthhook measurements; F, posterior spiracles measurements.The scale of A–D is the same.Abbreviations:at—apical tooth, cr—cibarial ridge, da—dorsal apodeme, db—dorsal bridge, dc—dorsal cornu, ds—dental sclerite, hs—hypopharyngeal sclerite, mh—mouth hook, n—neck, pb—parastomal bars, ps—pharyngeal sclerite, pt—preapical tooth, tp—tentorial phragma, va—ventral apodeme, vb—ventral bridge, vc—ventral cornu, w—light window. Measurements: sd—shortest distance, sw— spiracular width,—a–e, see Material and Methods. (All figures by Alexander Schneider.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023165/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 7 D</figureCitation>
). As in 
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E08FF9CFD6B563FFC44F84C" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[733,926,1906,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duo">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E08FF9CFD6B563FFC44F84C" box="[733,926,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Aspistomella duo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Total length 
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E08FF9CFB81563FFB64F84C" box="[1079,1214,1906,1932]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.7 mm</quantity>
(n = 3). Indentation between tips of apical tooth and ventral apodeme 0.59–0.68× as deep as wide; 
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E08FF9CFBAC56DBFB6FF870" box="[1050,1205,1942,1968]" count="1" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
with one small, 
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E08FF9CFAC256DBFEDBF814" count="1" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
with very small, and 
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E08FF9CFE5956F7FD52F814" box="[495,648,1978,2004]" count="1" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
without preapical tooth. Hypopharyngeal sclerite 3.6–5.2× longer than high. Parastomal bars curved.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF26C8B61E09FF9DFF215714FAC9F91E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023322" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14023322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023322/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" startId="105.[151,250,1625,1649]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" targetPageId="105" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E09FF9DFF215714FAC9F91E" blockId="105.[151,1436,1625,1758]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E09FF9DFF215714FEFAF9B2" bold="true" box="[151,288,1625,1650]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">FIGURE 60.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E09FF9DFE935717FE10F9B1" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[293,458,1626,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenoris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E09FF9DFE935717FE10F9B1" box="[293,458,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Ulivellia tenoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E09FF9DFE665717FDFAF9B2" bold="true" box="[464,544,1626,1650]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21EF9571E09FF9DFE665717FDFAF9B2" box="[464,544,1626,1650]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E09FF9DFB945714FB94F9B1" bold="true" box="[1058,1102,1625,1649]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">CW</emphasis>
) and caudal segment 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E09FF9DFA9F5714FAE1F9B1" bold="true" box="[1321,1339,1625,1649]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">A</emphasis>
, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E09FF9DFDB45733FDC9F956" bold="true" box="[514,531,1662,1686]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">B</emphasis>
, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E09FF9DFC5B5730FC25F955" bold="true" box="[1005,1023,1661,1685]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">C</emphasis>
, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E09FF9DFF6057EFFF32F97A" bold="true" box="[214,232,1698,1722]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">D</emphasis>
, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E09FF9DFC8A57EFFC97F97A" bold="true" box="[828,845,1698,1722]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">E</emphasis>
, anal slit; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E09FF9DFC0E57EFFC1DF97A" bold="true" box="[952,967,1698,1722]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">F</emphasis>
, posterior spiracles on caudal segment, dorsal view; 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E09FF9DFF605788FF30F91D" bold="true" box="[214,234,1733,1757]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">G</emphasis>
, left posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E09FF9DFF715664FAAFF86F" blockId="105.[151,1437,1833,2040]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E09FF9DFF715664FE2BF883" bold="true" box="[199,497,1833,1859]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Thoracic segments I–III.</emphasis>
As in 
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E09FF9DFD885664FCDBF883" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[574,769,1833,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duo">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E09FF9DFD885664FCDBF883" box="[574,769,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Aspistomella duo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Anterior spiracles on thoracic segment I consist of 18–24 tubules (median = 21, n = 20 tubule rows, 
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E09FF9DFDCE5600FD3EF8A7" box="[632,740,1869,1895]" count="10" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="larva">10 larvae</specimenCount>
). The number of tubules on the left and right side of the same larva often differs by up to three tubules. The first thoracic segment bears 14 cuticular sensilla on each body side, the second and third thoracic segments bear 13 cuticular sensilla, 
<typeStatus id="54E2269C1E09FF9DFCFB56DBFCA7F870" box="[845,893,1942,1968]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">type</typeStatus>
and location of sensilla are shown in 
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E09FF9DFA9256D8FABDF86F" box="[1316,1383,1941,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1080,1104]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,184,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[152,1436,181,1056]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Schematic representation of the types of cuticular sensilla and their distribution on thoracic and abdominal segments (A) and caudal segment (B, C) of Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov. (identical to other Ulivellia and Aspistomella species). Abbreviations: T1–T3 = thoracic segments 1–3, A1–A7 = abdominal segments 1–7. Legend of sensilla types in the figure. (All figures by Alexander Schneider.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023169" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023169/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E09FF9EFF7156F4FB4EFDD9" blockId="105.[151,1437,1833,2040]" lastBlockId="106.[151,1437,151,1113]" lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E09FF9DFF7156F4FDD5F813" bold="true" box="[199,527,1977,2003]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Abdominal segments I–VII.</emphasis>
Abdominal segments I–VII bear 13 cuticular sensilla on each side of the body and a pair of rudimentary lateral spiracles (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E09FF9DFDFC5690FD55F837" box="[586,655,2013,2039]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1080,1104]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,184,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[152,1436,181,1056]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Schematic representation of the types of cuticular sensilla and their distribution on thoracic and abdominal segments (A) and caudal segment (B, C) of Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov. (identical to other Ulivellia and Aspistomella species). Abbreviations: T1–T3 = thoracic segments 1–3, A1–A7 = abdominal segments 1–7. Legend of sensilla types in the figure. (All figures by Alexander Schneider.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023169" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023169/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Ventrally, the creeping welts on abdominal segments I-VII arranged as follows: CW1 (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E0AFF9EFEDF51DAFE00FF71" box="[361,474,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@105.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 60. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and caudal segment A, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; E, anal slit; F, posterior spiracles on caudal segment, dorsal view; G, left posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023322/files/figure.png" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Fig. 60 A</figureCitation>
): Five more or less continuous rows of spinules, third row short, spinules in second row somewhat larger, all spinules acute and directed posteriorly. CW2 (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E0AFF9EFC0651F6FBC1FF15" box="[944,1051,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@105.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 60. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and caudal segment A, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; E, anal slit; F, posterior spiracles on caudal segment, dorsal view; G, left posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023322/files/figure.png" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Fig. 60 B</figureCitation>
): Anteriorly about 5 discontinuous rows of small spinules, row portions short and sometimes curved, forming a reticulate structure (rows b), central row discontinuous, more pronounced laterally (row c), followed by rows of large spinules (row d) arranged as follows five short horizontal central row portions containing groups of five to seven large spinules, laterally flanked by five inclined curved rows angled to the midline, more or less connected to rows of small spinules, last row continuous, consisting of small acute spinules (row e). All spinules directed posteriorly. CW3 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E0AFF9EFB755022FB0BFE49" bold="true" box="[1219,1233,367,393]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">–</emphasis>
CW7 (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E0AFF9EFAAB5022FA54FE49" box="[1309,1422,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@105.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 60. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and caudal segment A, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; E, anal slit; F, posterior spiracles on caudal segment, dorsal view; G, left posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023322/files/figure.png" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Fig. 60 C</figureCitation>
): similar to CW2, but two additional discontinuous rows anterior to the mesh-like structure, one of them with large and one with small spinules, all directed anteriorly (rows a); central row with groups of large spinules similar to CW2, but the five central horizontal row portions as well as 1–2 adjacent inclined row portions have a double row of spinules, the anterior ones directed anteriorly and the posterior ones directed posteriorly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E0AFF9EFF71536FFAA1FD45" blockId="106.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E0AFF9EFF71536FFE5DFDFD" bold="true" box="[199,391,546,573]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Caudal segment</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E0AFF9EFE23536EFDFFFDFD" box="[405,549,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@105.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 60. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and caudal segment A, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; E, anal slit; F, posterior spiracles on caudal segment, dorsal view; G, left posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023322/files/figure.png" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Figs 60 D–G</figureCitation>
). Caudal segment bears 13 cuticular sensilla on each side of body (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E0AFF9EFABB536EFA55FDFD" box="[1293,1423,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1080,1104]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,184,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[152,1436,181,1056]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Schematic representation of the types of cuticular sensilla and their distribution on thoracic and abdominal segments (A) and caudal segment (B, C) of Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov. (identical to other Ulivellia and Aspistomella species). Abbreviations: T1–T3 = thoracic segments 1–3, A1–A7 = abdominal segments 1–7. Legend of sensilla types in the figure. (All figures by Alexander Schneider.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023169" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023169/files/figure.png" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Figs 8 B, C</figureCitation>
). Caudal creeping welt CW8 similar in structure to CW3 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E0AFF9EFCB2530AFCC8FDA1" bold="true" box="[772,786,583,609]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">–</emphasis>
CW7, but large spinules simpler, sometimes forming only one row; last row e arranged along anterior margin of perianal pad with anteriorly directed spinules (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E0AFF9EFB495326FAB4FD45" box="[1279,1390,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@105.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 60. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and caudal segment A, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; E, anal slit; F, posterior spiracles on caudal segment, dorsal view; G, left posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023322/files/figure.png" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Fig. 60 D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E0AFF9EFF7153C2FF24FC65" blockId="106.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
Posterior spiracles (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E0AFF9EFE1F53C2FDCBFD69" box="[425,529,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[151,1436,181,1610]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Larvae and puparia of Aspistomella (A–B, F–G, I) and Ulivellia (C–E, H). A, A. duo larva, posterior spiracles; B, A. tres larva, same; C, U. tenoris larva, right posterior spiracle; D, U. arcuata larva, right posterior spiracle; E, U. arcuata puparium, right posterior spiracle; F, Aspistomella sp. larva, right posterior spiracle; G, A. duo, empty puparial exuvium; H, U. tenoris empty puparial exuvium; I, A. duo larva, creeping welt on fifth abdominal segment. Arrow indicates an incomplete second row of large spinules. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023171/files/figure.png" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Figs 9 C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E0AFF9EFD9653C2FDADFD69" box="[544,631,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@105.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 60. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and caudal segment A, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; E, anal slit; F, posterior spiracles on caudal segment, dorsal view; G, left posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023322/files/figure.png" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">60 F, G</figureCitation>
) oval, length 
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E0AFF9EFCAD53C3FC1AFD69" box="[795,960,654,681]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.399999999999999" metricValueMax="6.8999999999999995" metricValueMin="5.8999999999999995" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" unit="mm" value="0.6399999999999999" valueMax="0.69" valueMin="0.59">0.59–0.69 mm</quantity>
(median = 0.6, n = 26), width 
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E0AFF9EFA9A53C3FF1FFD0D" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" unit="mm" value="0.495" valueMax="0.53" valueMin="0.46">0.46–0.53 mm</quantity>
, (median = 0.50, n = 26), shortest distance between spiracles 
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E0AFF9EFC3653FFFBFEFD0D" box="[896,1060,690,717]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8999999999999999" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" unit="mm" value="0.12" valueMax="0.15" valueMin="0.09">0.09–0.15 mm</quantity>
(n = 15). There is a tendency for usually one of the two anterior spiracles to show a slight upward curvature. Spiracular slits with about 8–11 turns, central part of spiracular slits 1 and 3 rather flat with a small turn, spiracular slit 2 with large central loop, yellow meandering line of approximately constant width, central part between spiracular slits usually brownish, but in some specimens also black. Spiracular hairs Hair group 1: 13–16 hair trunks, Hair group 2: 1 hair trunk, Hair group 3: 9–10 hair trunks and Hair group 4: 14–16 hair trunks (n = 4 spiracles). Anal complex and anal slit as 
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E0AFF9EFB41522AFA86FC41" box="[1271,1372,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E0AFF9EFAA2522AFA86FC41" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[1300,1372,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duo">A. duo</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E0AFF9EFADC522AFF2BFC65" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@105.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 60. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and caudal segment A, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; E, anal slit; F, posterior spiracles on caudal segment, dorsal view; G, left posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023322/files/figure.png" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Figs 60 D, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E0AFF9EFF7152E3FBB9FC2D" blockId="106.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E0AFF9EFF7152E3FE9AFC08" bold="true" box="[199,320,942,968]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Puparium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E0AFF9EFEE752E2FE68FC09" box="[337,434,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[151,1436,181,1610]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Larvae and puparia of Aspistomella (A–B, F–G, I) and Ulivellia (C–E, H). A, A. duo larva, posterior spiracles; B, A. tres larva, same; C, U. tenoris larva, right posterior spiracle; D, U. arcuata larva, right posterior spiracle; E, U. arcuata puparium, right posterior spiracle; F, Aspistomella sp. larva, right posterior spiracle; G, A. duo, empty puparial exuvium; H, U. tenoris empty puparial exuvium; I, A. duo larva, creeping welt on fifth abdominal segment. Arrow indicates an incomplete second row of large spinules. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023171/files/figure.png" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Fig. 9 H</figureCitation>
). Length 
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E0AFF9EFD9452E2FDA7FC09" box="[546,637,943,969]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" unit="mm" value="8.7">8.7 mm</quantity>
; maximum width at the 7th abdominal segment, 
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E0AFF9EFB1D52E2FAD9FC09" box="[1195,1283,943,969]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
(n = 1); dark brown, anterior spiracles, posterior spiracles and creeping welts as in third instar larva.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C343CBB51E0AFF9EFF7152BAFAA8FBD1" box="[199,1394,1015,1041]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E0AFF9EFF7152BAFAA8FBD1" blockId="106.[151,1437,151,1113]" box="[199,1394,1015,1041]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E0AFF9EFF7152BAFE94FBD1" bold="true" box="[199,334,1015,1041]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is a Latin adjective meaning “thin” or “narrow”, referring to its wing shape.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C343CBB51E0AFF9EFF715557FEBAFB99" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E0AFF9EFF715557FEBAFB99" blockId="106.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E0AFF9EFF715557FEFBFBF4" bold="true" box="[199,289,1050,1076]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Biology</emphasis>
. Larvae inhabit water-filled bamboo internode cavities of 
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E0AFF9EFC425556FB3EFBF5" box="[1012,1252,1051,1077]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Guadua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E0AFF9EFC425556FB3EFBF5" box="[1012,1252,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Guadua angustifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, biology as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E0AFF9EFF215572FE83FB99" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,345,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duo">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E0AFF9EFF215572FE83FB99" box="[151,345,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Aspistomella duo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>