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<document id="4A30270CCAC0CD824BCFF6073CA88221" ID-CLB-Dataset="21272" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106" ID-GBIF-Dataset="05d1bac2-fe53-42ba-a04d-bc4828adaf4e" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990100" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1597771971732" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. &amp; Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2015" docId="03E687FCFFA9FF8949ABFB53FB99FF78" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.50.13-14.865-904.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 50" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Melanitis leda subsp. helena Westwood 1851" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="874" masterDocId="FFDFFF84FFA0FF834804FFE3FFBEFFB1" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae" masterLastPageNumber="904" masterPageNumber="865" pageNumber="874" updateTime="1698844713879" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="CB1EB5BE713EF955C25DD05FF78BF8E0">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4DD61611804EC74DA3D4AB3917EF8CDA">Liseki, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FA40C83CD360C4B7922EB28C1A3F7F39">Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; &amp; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CCE336AD4A9D3F667707EA0144B37447">Vane-Wright, Richard I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1CF1CBC27AB51AB570CCE630519738D7">Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; &amp; Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; &amp; School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D0B88186FFA9FF8A49ABFB53FCCDFB78" box="[431,883,1200,1225]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="874" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69FFA9FF8A49ABFB53FCCDFB78" authority="Westwood, 1851" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[431,883,1200,1225]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melanitis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="874" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="leda" subSpecies="helena">
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA9FF8A49ABFB53FD1BFB78" box="[431,677,1200,1225]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="874">Melanitis leda helena</emphasis>
Westwood, 1851
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA9FF8A48A4FB06FE97FB4C" author="Larsen TB" box="[160,297,1253,1277]" pageId="9" pageNumber="874" refId="ref22516" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. 2 nd ed. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 28, fig. 398 i
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA9FF8A49E3FB07FE4AFB4D" box="[487,500,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="874"></emphasis>
iii. d
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA9FF8A4A21FB07FD94FB4D" box="[549,554,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="874"></emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA9FF8A4A2EFB06FD52FB4C" author="Abrera B" box="[554,748,1253,1277]" pageId="9" pageNumber="874" refId="ref21924" refString="d ' Abrera B. 1997. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region (2 nd edn). Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae &amp; Satyridae. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1997">Abrera 1997: 197</bibRefCitation>
(1 fig.). SI: Figure e
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h.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFA9FF8A48A4FAE4FD4CFAF3" blockId="9.[160,1155,1252,1346]" pageId="9" pageNumber="874">
Forewing length: male
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32
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41 mm
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[mean (
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= 6)
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, SD = 2.840]; female
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34
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42 mm
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[mean (
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= 9)
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, SD = 1.902].
</paragraph>
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<location id="8E906031FFA9FF8A48A4FA71FF77FA1B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687FCFFA9FF8949ABFB53FB99FF78:8E906031FFA9FF8A48A4FA71FF77FA1B" box="[160,201,1426,1450]" country="Tanzania" name="The" pageId="9" pageNumber="874">The</location>
whole of
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFA9FF8A493EFA71FE1EFA1B" box="[314,416,1426,1450]" name="Tanzania" pageId="9" pageNumber="874">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, in forest and savanna, including semi-arid regions, from sea level to
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA9FF8A4930FA56FE6AFA7C" author="Kielland J" box="[308,468,1461,1485]" pageId="9" pageNumber="874" refId="ref22372" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
, p. 77, as
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69FFA9FF8A4A59FA56FCA5FA7C" authorityName="Fruhstorfer" authorityYear="1908" box="[605,795,1461,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melanitis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="874" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="leda" subSpecies="africana">
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA9FF8A4A59FA56FCA5FA7C" box="[605,795,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="874">M. leda africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
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. Although this species varies considerably not only in coloration (most notably the underside) but also in forewing shape, it is unmistakeable in the local fauna.
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encountered on
<collectingRegion id="498BF808FFA9FF8A4B8FFA19FBB7F9A3" box="[907,1033,1530,1554]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="9" pageNumber="874">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
at
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</quantity>
or above by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA9FF8A4930F9FEFE7CF984" author="Liseki SD" box="[308,450,1565,1589]" pageId="9" pageNumber="874" refId="ref22668" refString="Liseki SD 2009. Butterfly diversity and its relevance to conservation in north-eastern Tanzania [PhD thesis]. Canterbury (UK): University of Kent." type="book" year="2009">Liseki (2009)</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
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On the basis of two specimens from
<location id="8E906031FFA9FF8A4B7FF9FEFC7FF984" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687FCFFA9FF8949ABFB53FB99FF78:8E906031FFA9FF8A4B7FF9FEFC7FF984" box="[891,961,1565,1589]" country="Tanzania" name="Moshi" pageId="9" pageNumber="874" stateProvince="Kilimanjaro">Moshi</location>
, and a specimen collected
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA9FF8A490AF9DCFEADF9E6" box="[270,275,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="874"></emphasis>
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NW of Moshi
</locationDeviation>
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<materialsCitation id="3B273CB7FFA9FF8A4A01F9DCFDB5F9E6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2832026357" box="[517,523,1599,1623]" country="Tanzania" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Moshi" pageId="9" pageNumber="874" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kilimanjaro">.</materialsCitation>
..
<materialsCitation id="3B273CB7FFA9FF8A4A23F9DCFEF6F9CB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2832026366" collectingDate="1916-05" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Tanzania" pageId="9" pageNumber="874" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kilimanjaro">
<date id="FFF1102AFFA9FF8A4A23F9DCFD2BF9E6" box="[551,661,1599,1623]" pageId="9" pageNumber="874" value="1916-05">
<collectingDate id="EFB5E9C2FFA9FF8A4A23F9DCFD2BF9E6" box="[551,661,1599,1623]" pageId="9" pageNumber="874" value="1916-05">May 1916</collectingDate>
</date>
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA9FF8A4A90F9DCFD24F9E6" box="[660,666,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="874"></emphasis>
in
<collectionCode id="ED5EAE2FFFA9FF8A4ABBF9DCFCB7F9E6" box="[703,777,1599,1623]" pageId="9" pageNumber="874">BMNH</collectionCode>
, and one male and three females from Taveta, c
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B273CB7FFA9FF8A4951F981FE8CF92C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2832026331" collectionCode="OUMNH" country="Tanzania" elevation="762" pageId="9" pageNumber="874" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kilimanjaro">
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<elevation id="0062D1D9FFA9FF8A4951F981FE16F9CB" box="[341,424,1634,1658]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="9" pageNumber="874" unit="ft" value="2500.0">2500 ft</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5EAE2FFFA9FF8A49B3F981FDA7F9CB" box="[439,537,1634,1658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="874">OUMNH</collectionCode>
), we include this butterfly as a member of the lower slopes fauna
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. However, it is possible that it does occur within the lowest levels of the protected forest, its crepuscular habits often making it difficult to detect.
<materialsCitation id="3B273CB7FFA9FF894BEFF944FB9DFF78" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2832026358" country="Tanzania" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="875" location="Afrotropical region" pageId="9" pageNumber="874" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kilimanjaro">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69FFA9FF894BEFF944FF57FF17" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melanitis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="875" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="874" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="leda" subSpecies="helena">
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA9FF894BEFF944FF57FF17" italics="true" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="875" pageId="9" pageNumber="874">Melanitis leda helena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in suitable areas throughout the whole of the
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; other subspecies of the Evening Brown occur in Asia and the Indo-Australian tropics
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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