331 lines
58 KiB
XML
331 lines
58 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2541203C18C724EFBD112346B526AB2F">Redescriptions of five species of marine peritrichs, Zoothamnium plumula, Zoothamnium nii, Zoothamnium wang, Pseudovorticella bidulphiae, and Pseudovorticella marina (Protista, Ciliophora)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0E351A4E4655D273E8CBE36EF5C60D19">Ji, Daode</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0C03EBEFF929C89F81CB4419755C260A">Shin, Mann Kyoon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3AE323675DB23AE2B43832219F5B5C0F">Choi, Joong Ki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9F304D0BA0B4975DCCD82D43EF71A576">Clamp, John C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4F813C5137FA3348AAC9D04DDACC5953">Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B3C145DDC7FBD050963B5A55266768FC">Song, Weibo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5949EA9B26847AFCFC2AB8E92A548290">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AE1053F630CD1BEFE15BD6C5663D4078">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DBFD73C8FA66420F8F19934082059C78">2930</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E687EDFF9E8857B3A688B6FCA4FC12" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6190286" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119413207" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6190286" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687EDFF9E8857B3A688B6FCA4FC12" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687EDFF9E8857B3A688B6FCA4FC12" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection id="C3556570FF9E8855B3A688B6FEC9FB97" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF036FBFF9E8855B3A688B6FDC4FD32" blockId="4.[151,533,718,777]" box="[151,533,718,744]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<heading id="D0B88197FF9E8855B3A688B6FDC4FD32" bold="true" box="[151,533,718,744]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9E8855B3A688B6FDC4FD32" authority="Ji et al., 2005" authorityName="Ji et al." authorityYear="2005" box="[151,533,718,744]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="nii">
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<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9E8855B3A688B6FDC4FD32" bold="true" box="[151,533,718,744]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9E8855B3A688B6FEBDFD32" bold="true" box="[151,364,718,744]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Zoothamnium nii</emphasis>
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Ji
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<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9E8855B2A088B6FE15FD32" bold="true" box="[401,452,718,744]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
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., 2005
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF036FBFF9E8855B3A68889FE9DFCD3" blockId="4.[151,533,718,777]" box="[151,332,753,777]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9E8855B3AE8889FF34FCD3" box="[159,229,753,777]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Zoothamnium nii and its synonyms from live cells (A, C – G, I – L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q). A. General view of a typical zooid. B. Detail of infundibular polykineties. C, D. Zoothamnium duplicatum, after Kahl (1933). E, J. form of colony. F, G. Zoothamnium sp. after Kahl (1935). H. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. I, K, L. Variations in shape of zooids. M. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow). N. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow). O, P. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body. Q. General view of silverline system. R. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D – F, J, K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6CD0340FF9E8855B3C18889FE90FCD3" box="[240,321,753,777]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,235,152,173]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrical characterizations of five peritrichs. Min—minimum, Max—maximum, Mean—arithmetic mean, SD—standard deviation, n—sample number." pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF036FBFF9E8855B3A68942FEC9FB97" blockId="4.[151,1437,825,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9E8855B3A68942FE56FC88" bold="true" box="[151,391,825,850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Emended diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Marine
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9E8855B2DB8941FD57FC8B" box="[490,646,825,849]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9E8855B2DB8941FD57FC8B" box="[490,646,825,849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Zoothamnium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with colony up to
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<quantity id="4CB79B1EFF9E8855B0528941FC77FC8B" box="[867,934,825,849]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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high; moderately elongate, median primary stalk giving rise to secondary stalks in regular alternate series in single plane,. Zooids elongate, vase-shaped, measuring 70–80 × 40–50 µm
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<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9E8855B2F589FAFDC1FC43" box="[452,528,898,921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">in vivo</emphasis>
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. Peristomial lip extremely thick, with medial, circumferential infolding in peristomial lip when expanded (“double-layered”). Macronucleus C-shaped, transversely oriented, located in oral half of cell. Pellicular striations indistinct at lower magnifications; 45–60 silverlines lying between peristomial lip and trochal band and 20–30 between trochal band and scopula. P3 consists of three rows that are equal in length and parallel to each other, row 1 slightly separated from rows 2 and 3 for most of length, but all three rows converging adstomally.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3556570FF9E8857B3F68E21FF1BFEBE" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF036FBFF9E8855B3F68E21FE52FAB7" blockId="4.[151,1437,825,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9E8855B3F68E21FEA5FBA8" bold="true" box="[199,372,1113,1138]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Redescription.</emphasis>
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Colony moderately large, up to
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<quantity id="4CB79B1EFF9E8855B1ED8E21FCCCFBAB" box="[732,797,1113,1137]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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high and containing 30–50 zooids, with broad, diamondshaped outline. Secondary stalks up to 500 µm long, branching off primary stalk in regular alternate series. Basal secondary stalks longest, with stalks decreasing progressively in length toward tip of colony; secondary stalks branching to form short, dichotomous tertiary branches bearing 2 zooids or single tertiary branches (
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<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9E8855B7C28EBDFA90FB07" box="[1267,1345,1221,1245]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Zoothamnium nii and its synonyms from live cells (A, C – G, I – L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q). A. General view of a typical zooid. B. Detail of infundibular polykineties. C, D. Zoothamnium duplicatum, after Kahl (1933). E, J. form of colony. F, G. Zoothamnium sp. after Kahl (1935). H. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. I, K, L. Variations in shape of zooids. M. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow). N. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow). O, P. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body. Q. General view of silverline system. R. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D – F, J, K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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E, J, K). Stalk with smooth surface and diameter of 12 µm in basal portion of primary stalk, narrowing to 9 µm at distal ends of tertiary stalks. Spasmoneme with diameter of 3.5 µm in primary stalk and 2.5 µm at distal ends of tertiary stalks; band of mitochondria visible as dark granules measuring 0.5 × 0.8 µm, winding along helical path just beneath surface of spasmoneme.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF036FBFF9E8855B3F48F01FCF8F99F" blockId="4.[151,1437,825,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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Zooids elongate, bell-shaped, measuring 70–80 × 40–50 µm (n=12) (
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<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9E8855B0E88F01FBF9FA4B" box="[985,1064,1401,1425]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Zoothamnium nii and its synonyms from live cells (A, C – G, I – L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q). A. General view of a typical zooid. B. Detail of infundibular polykineties. C, D. Zoothamnium duplicatum, after Kahl (1933). E, J. form of colony. F, G. Zoothamnium sp. after Kahl (1935). H. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. I, K, L. Variations in shape of zooids. M. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow). N. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow). O, P. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body. Q. General view of silverline system. R. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D – F, J, K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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A, I, L,
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<collectingCountry id="F358766BFF9E8855B7B78F01FB4CFA4B" box="[1158,1181,1401,1425]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">O</collectingCountry>
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, P). Body deeply constricted below peristomial lip, which is indented by prominent, medial, circumferential infolding (“double-layered”).
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9E8855B3DA8FB9FEB1FA03" box="[235,352,1473,1497]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="maximum">Maximum</taxonomicName>
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width of cell usually at peristomial lip, but occasionally in oral third of body as well; epistomial disc moderately elevated above peristomial lip (
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<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9E8855B18D8F9DFCDDFA27" box="[700,780,1509,1533]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Zoothamnium nii and its synonyms from live cells (A, C – G, I – L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q). A. General view of a typical zooid. B. Detail of infundibular polykineties. C, D. Zoothamnium duplicatum, after Kahl (1933). E, J. form of colony. F, G. Zoothamnium sp. after Kahl (1935). H. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. I, K, L. Variations in shape of zooids. M. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow). N. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow). O, P. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body. Q. General view of silverline system. R. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D – F, J, K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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A, I,
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<collectingCountry id="F358766BFF9E8855B07B8F9DFCB0FA27" box="[842,865,1509,1533]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">O</collectingCountry>
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, P). Pellicular striations easily detectable above × 400 magnification (
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<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9E8855B2448C71FE15F9FB" box="[373,452,1545,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Zoothamnium nii and its synonyms from live cells (A, C – G, I – L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q). A. General view of a typical zooid. B. Detail of infundibular polykineties. C, D. Zoothamnium duplicatum, after Kahl (1933). E, J. form of colony. F, G. Zoothamnium sp. after Kahl (1935). H. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. I, K, L. Variations in shape of zooids. M. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow). N. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow). O, P. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body. Q. General view of silverline system. R. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D – F, J, K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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<collectingCountry id="F358766BFF9E8855B2F58C71FE0BF9FB" box="[452,474,1545,1569]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">O</collectingCountry>
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, P), but surface of body appears completely smooth at low magnifications (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9E8855B6068C71FAAAF9FB" box="[1335,1403,1545,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Zoothamnium nii and its synonyms from live cells (A, C – G, I – L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q). A. General view of a typical zooid. B. Detail of infundibular polykineties. C, D. Zoothamnium duplicatum, after Kahl (1933). E, J. form of colony. F, G. Zoothamnium sp. after Kahl (1935). H. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. I, K, L. Variations in shape of zooids. M. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow). N. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow). O, P. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body. Q. General view of silverline system. R. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D – F, J, K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
L). Telotroch discoid, measuring 55–65 µm
|
||
<date id="FFF1103BFF9E8855B16C8C56FD5EF99F" box="[605,655,1581,1605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" value="1940-10">x 40</date>
|
||
µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9E8855B1F28C55FCD6F99F" box="[707,775,1581,1605]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Zoothamnium nii and its synonyms from live cells (A, C – G, I – L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q). A. General view of a typical zooid. B. Detail of infundibular polykineties. C, D. Zoothamnium duplicatum, after Kahl (1933). E, J. form of colony. F, G. Zoothamnium sp. after Kahl (1935). H. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. I, K, L. Variations in shape of zooids. M. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow). N. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow). O, P. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body. Q. General view of silverline system. R. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D – F, J, K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
R).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036FBFF9E8855B3F48C29FE2BF923" blockId="4.[151,1437,825,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Cytoplasm of zooids colorless or slightly gray, filled with tiny (0.5 µm diameter), dense granules and usually containing a few large (5–10 µm in diameter), transparent or gray food vacuoles typically located in center of body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9E8855B3AE8CE1FF25F96B" box="[159,244,1689,1713]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Zoothamnium nii and its synonyms from live cells (A, C – G, I – L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q). A. General view of a typical zooid. B. Detail of infundibular polykineties. C, D. Zoothamnium duplicatum, after Kahl (1933). E, J. form of colony. F, G. Zoothamnium sp. after Kahl (1935). H. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. I, K, L. Variations in shape of zooids. M. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow). N. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow). O, P. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body. Q. General view of silverline system. R. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D – F, J, K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A, L). Single contractile vacuole in adoral position beneath epistomial lip and near dorsal wall of infundibulum. Macronucleus C-shaped, transversely oriented, surrounding micronucleus and lower half of infundibulum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9E8855B20F8C99FE5DF923" box="[318,396,1761,1785]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Zoothamnium nii and its synonyms from live cells (A, C – G, I – L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q). A. General view of a typical zooid. B. Detail of infundibular polykineties. C, D. Zoothamnium duplicatum, after Kahl (1933). E, J. form of colony. F, G. Zoothamnium sp. after Kahl (1935). H. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. I, K, L. Variations in shape of zooids. M. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow). N. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow). O, P. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body. Q. General view of silverline system. R. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D – F, J, K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A, M, N).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036FBFF9E8854B3F48D7DFE80FEC6" blockId="4.[151,1437,825,2037]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Oral infraciliature as shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9E8855B1168D7DFD42F8C7" box="[551,659,1797,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Zoothamnium nii and its synonyms from live cells (A, C – G, I – L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q). A. General view of a typical zooid. B. Detail of infundibular polykineties. C, D. Zoothamnium duplicatum, after Kahl (1933). E, J. form of colony. F, G. Zoothamnium sp. after Kahl (1935). H. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. I, K, L. Variations in shape of zooids. M. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow). N. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow). O, P. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body. Q. General view of silverline system. R. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D – F, J, K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B, H, N. Haplo- and polykinety making one and one-quarter circuits around peristome and one additional circuit within infundibulum. Haplokinety and polykinety parallel on peristome, diverging within infundibulum to lie on opposite walls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9E8855B05D8D35FC63F8BF" box="[876,946,1869,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Zoothamnium nii and its synonyms from live cells (A, C – G, I – L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q). A. General view of a typical zooid. B. Detail of infundibular polykineties. C, D. Zoothamnium duplicatum, after Kahl (1933). E, J. form of colony. F, G. Zoothamnium sp. after Kahl (1935). H. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. I, K, L. Variations in shape of zooids. M. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow). N. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow). O, P. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body. Q. General view of silverline system. R. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D – F, J, K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
H). Epistomial membrane short, located at entrance into infundibulum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9E8855B2D38D09FDF8F853" box="[482,553,1905,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Zoothamnium nii and its synonyms from live cells (A, C – G, I – L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q). A. General view of a typical zooid. B. Detail of infundibular polykineties. C, D. Zoothamnium duplicatum, after Kahl (1933). E, J. form of colony. F, G. Zoothamnium sp. after Kahl (1935). H. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. I, K, L. Variations in shape of zooids. M. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow). N. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow). O, P. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body. Q. General view of silverline system. R. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D – F, J, K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
H, arrow). Germinal kinety running parallel to haplokinety in adoral half of infundibulum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9E8855B2718DEDFE54F877" box="[320,389,1941,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Zoothamnium nii and its synonyms from live cells (A, C – G, I – L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q). A. General view of a typical zooid. B. Detail of infundibular polykineties. C, D. Zoothamnium duplicatum, after Kahl (1933). E, J. form of colony. F, G. Zoothamnium sp. after Kahl (1935). H. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. I, K, L. Variations in shape of zooids. M. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow). N. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow). O, P. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body. Q. General view of silverline system. R. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D – F, J, K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
N, arrow). Each of three infundibular polykineties consisting of three rows of kinetosomes. All rows of Pl terminating adstomally at level of cytostome; rows of P2 terminating adstomally at adstomal curvature of P1. Rows of P2 terminating abstomally without merging with P1; abstomal 1/4 of row 3 of P2 diverging from other rows of P2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9F8854B2AC8AEFFE3BFF75" box="[413,490,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Zoothamnium nii and its synonyms from live cells (A, C – G, I – L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q). A. General view of a typical zooid. B. Detail of infundibular polykineties. C, D. Zoothamnium duplicatum, after Kahl (1933). E, J. form of colony. F, G. Zoothamnium sp. after Kahl (1935). H. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. I, K, L. Variations in shape of zooids. M. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow). N. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow). O, P. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body. Q. General view of silverline system. R. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D – F, J, K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B, H).. All rows of P3 terminating adstomally at point slightly beyond adstomal end of P2 and abstomally at point approximately 1/3 of distance from adstomal to abstomal end of P2. Row 1 of P3 converging with other tow reasons near adstomal end, separated slightly from rows 2 and 3 along remainder of length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9F8854B3DD8B7CFEE1FEC6" box="[236,304,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Zoothamnium nii and its synonyms from live cells (A, C – G, I – L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q). A. General view of a typical zooid. B. Detail of infundibular polykineties. C, D. Zoothamnium duplicatum, after Kahl (1933). E, J. form of colony. F, G. Zoothamnium sp. after Kahl (1935). H. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. I, K, L. Variations in shape of zooids. M. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow). N. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow). O, P. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body. Q. General view of silverline system. R. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D – F, J, K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF306673FF9F8854B3A68CB6FC2DF861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036FBFF9F8854B3A68CB6FC2DF861" blockId="5.[151,1437,1742,1982]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9F8854B3A68CB6FEC2F93E" bold="true" box="[151,275,1742,1765]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9F8854B28A8CB7FDB8F93F" box="[443,617,1743,1765]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="nii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9F8854B28A8CB7FDB8F93F" box="[443,617,1743,1765]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Zoothamnium nii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its synonyms from live cells (A, C–G, I–L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q).
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9F8854B0108C96FCE2F8D9" bold="true" box="[801,819,1774,1795]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">A</emphasis>
|
||
. General view of a typical zooid.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9F8854B7AA8C96FB7DF8D9" bold="true" box="[1179,1196,1774,1795]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail of infundibular polykineties.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9F8854B22F8D74FE9EF8F8" bold="true" box="[286,335,1804,1827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9F8854B26A8D74FD8EF8F8" box="[347,607,1804,1826]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="duplicatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9F8854B26A8D74FD8EF8F8" box="[347,607,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Zoothamnium duplicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, after Kahl (1933).
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9F8854B0178D75FC9EF8F8" bold="true" box="[806,847,1805,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">E, J</emphasis>
|
||
. form of colony.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9F8854B0CD8D75FBF7F8F9" bold="true" box="[1020,1062,1804,1827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">F, G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9F8854B7038D74FB6FF8F8" box="[1074,1214,1804,1826]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9F8854B7038D74FB6FF8F8" box="[1074,1214,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Zoothamnium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. after Kahl (1935).
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9F8854B3A68D53FF7AF89A" bold="true" box="[151,171,1835,1856]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9F8854B0AE8D53FC38F89A" bold="true" box="[927,1001,1835,1856]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">I, K, L</emphasis>
|
||
. Variations in shape of zooids.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9F8854B61F8D53FA97F89A" bold="true" box="[1326,1350,1835,1856]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">M</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow).
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9F8854B07B8D32FC8DF885" bold="true" box="[842,860,1866,1887]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">N</emphasis>
|
||
. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow).
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9F8854B3A68D10FF12F8A4" bold="true" box="[151,195,1896,1919]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">O, P</emphasis>
|
||
. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9F8854B7A28D10FB76F8A5" bold="true" box="[1171,1191,1896,1919]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Q</emphasis>
|
||
. General view of silverline system.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9F8854B2288DFFFEFAF846" bold="true" box="[281,299,1927,1948]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">R</emphasis>
|
||
. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P1–3, infundibular polykinety 1–3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D–F, J, K).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036FBFF9C8857B3F48AEFFEB0FF0E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Trochal band consisting of band of dikinetids encircling cell at point 2/3 of distance from peristome to scopula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9C8857B3AE8AC4FF33FF0E" box="[159,226,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1749,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,522,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,517,1729]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Morphology of Pseudovorticella bidulphiae (A – D, H – M) and similar species (E – G). A, I. General view of a typical cell. B. Variations in shape of the cell body. C, D. After Stiller (1939). E. Pseudovorticella pseudocampanula (after Foissner 1979). F. Pseudovorticella sauwaldensis (from Foissner and Schiffmann, 1979). G. Vorticella venusta (from Warren 1986). H. Oral infraciliature, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. J. Pellicular striations. K. Detail of stalk. L. Protargol-stained specimen showing infundibular polykineties. M. General view of silverline system, arrows mark the trochal band. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, plokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 20 Μm (Figs. A, E – G), 50 Μm (Figs. C, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278027/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
H, arrows).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036FBFF9C8857B3F48AA7FF1BFEBE" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Silverline system consisting of closely spaced, parallel, transverse silverlines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9C8857B71E8AA7FBA3FF2D" box="[1071,1138,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Zoothamnium nii and its synonyms from live cells (A, C – G, I – L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q). A. General view of a typical zooid. B. Detail of infundibular polykineties. C, D. Zoothamnium duplicatum, after Kahl (1933). E, J. form of colony. F, G. Zoothamnium sp. after Kahl (1935). H. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. I, K, L. Variations in shape of zooids. M. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow). N. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow). O, P. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body. Q. General view of silverline system. R. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D – F, J, K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
Q); 45–60 silverlines present between peristome and trochal band, 20–30 between trochal band and scopula. Silverlines near peristome spaced farther apart than those around scopula, and pellicular pores sparsely distributed alongside silverlines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9C8857B65E8B5FFF77FEBE" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Zoothamnium nii and its synonyms from live cells (A, C – G, I – L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q). A. General view of a typical zooid. B. Detail of infundibular polykineties. C, D. Zoothamnium duplicatum, after Kahl (1933). E, J. form of colony. F, G. Zoothamnium sp. after Kahl (1935). H. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. I, K, L. Variations in shape of zooids. M. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow). N. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow). O, P. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body. Q. General view of silverline system. R. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D – F, J, K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
Q).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3556570FF9C8857B3F68B08FCA4FC12" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036FBFF9C8857B3F68B08FAB1FDE6" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B3F68B08FEECFE52" bold="true" box="[199,317,368,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
In general, zooids of alternately branched species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9C8857B0A88B08FBE5FE52" box="[921,1076,368,392]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B0A88B08FBE5FE52" box="[921,1076,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Zoothamnium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9C8857B7A78B09FACFFE52" box="[1174,1310,368,392]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="alternans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B7A78B09FACFFE52" box="[1174,1310,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Z. alternans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9C8857B61C8B09FA4DFE52" box="[1325,1436,369,392]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="niveum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B61C8B09FA4DFE52" box="[1325,1436,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Z. niveum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9C8857B3F68BEDFE90FE76" box="[199,321,404,428]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="plumula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B3F68BEDFE90FE76" box="[199,321,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Z. plumula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lack a medial, circumferential infolding on the peristomial lip (“single-layered”), and zooids with an infolding around the peristomial lip (“double-layered”) are more typical of dichotomously branched species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9C8857B3C18BA5FE5DFE2E" box="[240,396,476,500]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="duplicatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B3C18BA5FE5DFE2E" box="[240,396,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Z. duplicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9C8857B2AA8BA5FDC1FE2E" box="[411,528,476,500]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="mucedo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B2AA8BA5FDC1FE2E" box="[411,528,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Z. mucedo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9C8857B17E8BA5FD0BFE2E" box="[591,730,477,500]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="maximum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B17E8BA5FD0BFE2E" box="[591,730,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Z. maximum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B0AFF9C8857B1D98BA4FBF9FE2E" author="Bauer-Nebelsick" box="[744,1064,476,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" refString="Bauer-Nebelsick, M., Bardele, C. F. & Ott, J. A. (1996) Redescription of Zoothamnium niveum (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1831) Ehrenberg, 1838 (Oligohymenophora, Peritrichida), a ciliate with ectosymbiotic, chemoautotrophic bacteria. European Journal of Protistology, 32, 18 - 30." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Bauer-Nebelsick
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B09C8BA5FC0EFE2E" box="[941,991,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Ji & Song 2004;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B0AFF9C8857B7C48BA4FA44FE2E" author="Ji" box="[1269,1429,476,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" refString="Ji, D., Song, W., Al-Rasheid, K. A. S. & Sun, P. (2005 a) Description of three marine peritrichous ciliates, Zoothamnium foissneri n. sp., Z. duplicatum Kahl, 1933 and Z. mucedo Entz, 1884 (Ciliophora: Peritrichia). European Journal of Protistology, 41, 45 - 56." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Ji
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B63E8BA5FA90FE2E" box="[1295,1345,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B6B68BA5FA44FE2E" box="[1415,1429,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">a</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B0AFF9C8857B3A68B87FF0CFDC2" author="Ji" box="[151,221,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" refString="Ji, D., Song, W. & Warren, A. (2006 b) Redescriptions of three marine peritrichous ciliates, Zoothamnium alternans Claparede et Lachmann, 1859, Z. sinense Song, 1991 and Z. commune Kahl, 1933 (Ciliophora: Peritrichia), from North China. Acta Protozoologica, 45, 27 - 39." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
2006
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B3FE8878FF0CFDC2" box="[207,221,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">b</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9C8857B2408879FE7DFDC2" box="[369,428,513,536]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="nii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B2408879FE7DFDC2" box="[369,428,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Z. nii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an unusual complex of characters (i.e. the alternately branched stalk and the infolded peristomial lip of the zooid), by which it can be distinguished easily from all the congeners mentioned above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036FBFF9C8857B3F4883FFDFEFCCE" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Another species described very recently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9C8857B1A68831FC1FFD85" authority="Ji et al., 2009" authorityName="Ji et al." authorityYear="2009" box="[663,974,583,608]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="alrasheidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B1A68831FD77FDBA" box="[663,678,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Z</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B1878830FCF9FDBA" box="[694,808,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">alrasheidi</emphasis>
|
||
Ji
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B07A8831FCACFDBA" box="[843,893,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2009
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also possesses this set of characteristics during its early development because its zooids have an infolded peristomial lip and its young colonies are alternately branched. However, a colony of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9C8857B17C88E9FD0AFD72" box="[589,731,656,680]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="alrasheidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B17C88E9FD0AFD72" box="[589,731,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Z. alrasheidi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its early stages of development can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9C8857B6B488E9FF64FD16" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="nii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B6B488E9FA45FD72" box="[1413,1428,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Z</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B3A688CDFF64FD16" box="[151,181,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">nii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its larger zooids (80–120 × 50–60 µm vs. 70–80 × 40–50 µm) and a differing pattern of rows in P3 of the infundibular infraciliature (rows 2 and 3 combined into a single band and divergent from row 1 vs. all three rows distinct and parallel) (Ji
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B2968885FE09FCCE" box="[423,472,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036FBFF9C8857B3F48967FCA4FC12" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B0AFF9C8857B3F48967FE97FCED" author="Kahl" box="[197,326,799,823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" refString="Kahl, A. (1933) Ciliata libera et ectocommensalia. In: Grimpe, G. & Wagler, E., Eds., Die Tierwelt der Nordund Ostsee. Lief. 23 (Teil, II, c 3); Leipzig pp. 147 - 183." type="journal article" year="1933">Kahl (1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B0AFF9C8857B2638967FE5AFCED" author="Kahl" box="[338,395,799,823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" refString="Kahl, A. (1935) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 4. Peritricha und Chonotricha. Tierwelt Deutschlands, 30, 651 - 886." type="journal article" year="1935">1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) reported two populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9C8857B1E68958FCA2FCE2" box="[727,883,800,824]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B1E68958FCA2FCE2" box="[727,883,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Zoothamnium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with an infolded peristomial lip as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9C8857B6318959FA4DFCE2" box="[1280,1436,800,824]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="duplicatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B6318959FA4DFCE2" box="[1280,1436,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Z. duplicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9C8857B3AE893CFF3FFC86" box="[159,238,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Zoothamnium nii and its synonyms from live cells (A, C – G, I – L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q). A. General view of a typical zooid. B. Detail of infundibular polykineties. C, D. Zoothamnium duplicatum, after Kahl (1933). E, J. form of colony. F, G. Zoothamnium sp. after Kahl (1935). H. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. I, K, L. Variations in shape of zooids. M. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow). N. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow). O, P. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body. Q. General view of silverline system. R. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D – F, J, K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9C8857B255893CFDD1FC86" box="[356,512,836,860]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B255893CFDD1FC86" box="[356,512,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Zoothamnium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A7EFF9C8857B107893CFD54FC86" box="[566,645,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,352,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Zoothamnium nii and its synonyms from live cells (A, C – G, I – L, O, P, R), after staining with protargol (B, H, M, N), and after staining with silver nitrate (Q). A. General view of a typical zooid. B. Detail of infundibular polykineties. C, D. Zoothamnium duplicatum, after Kahl (1933). E, J. form of colony. F, G. Zoothamnium sp. after Kahl (1935). H. Oral view of the oral apparatus, arrow marks the epistomial membrane. I, K, L. Variations in shape of zooids. M. Lateral view showing macronucleus (dark area) and micronucleus (arrow). N. Macronucleus (dark area) and germinal kinety (arrow). O, P. Zooids at high magnification showing pellicuilar striations and variations in shape of the body. Q. General view of silverline system. R. Telotroch. Abbreviations: G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; P 1 – 3, infundibular polykinety 1 – 3; Po, polykinety. Scale bars: 40 Μm (Figs. A, O, R), 50 Μm (Figs. L, P), 300 Μm (Figs. D – F, J, K)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278025/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F, G) respectively. However, both of them had an alternately branched stalk, which is distinctly different from the dichotomous branching pattern characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9C8857B7848911FA83FC5A" box="[1205,1362,872,896]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="duplicatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B7848911FA83FC5A" box="[1205,1362,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Z. duplicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B0AFF9C8857B655891FFF03FC7E" author="Kahl" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" refString="Kahl, A. (1933) Ciliata libera et ectocommensalia. In: Grimpe, G. & Wagler, E., Eds., Die Tierwelt der Nordund Ostsee. Lief. 23 (Teil, II, c 3); Leipzig pp. 147 - 183." type="journal article" year="1933">Kahl 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B0AFF9C8857B3EC89F4FEAFFC7E" author="Ji" box="[221,382,908,932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" refString="Ji, D., Song, W., Al-Rasheid, K. A. S. & Sun, P. (2005 a) Description of three marine peritrichous ciliates, Zoothamnium foissneri n. sp., Z. duplicatum Kahl, 1933 and Z. mucedo Entz, 1884 (Ciliophora: Peritrichia). European Journal of Protistology, 41, 45 - 56." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Ji
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B3C689F5FEF9FC7E" box="[247,296,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B25F89F4FEAFFC7E" box="[366,382,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">a</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but very similar to present species. Accordingly, we suggest that both of these
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9C8857B63189F4FA4DFC7E" box="[1280,1436,908,932]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B63189F4FA4DFC7E" box="[1280,1436,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Zoothamnium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations described by Kahl be regarded as synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D78FF9C8857B00289C9FCBCFC12" box="[819,877,945,968]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="nii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAE9FF9C8857B00289C9FCBCFC12" box="[819,877,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Z. nii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |