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<document id="62410F4CC709F318A99170CC61FCD821" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4093.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9f88e467-a052-4233-af95-05206184d3d4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="266589" ID-ZooBank="F03731C8-DE0E-4CCA-9E11-A2DF5994C9A9" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1458721627483" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Prieto, Carlos &amp; Vargas, Maria A." docDate="2016" docId="03E687EBFFD7855A7CD3FAAAFC5EF83D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4093.3.2.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4093 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhamma Johnson 1992" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="324" masterDocId="FFDFFF93FFD6855B7C44FFC7FFB8FFAC" masterDocTitle="Elfin butterflies of the genus Rhamma Johnson (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae): A review of the Colombian species" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="323" pageNumber="324" updateTime="1698185951747" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C9570F560A7B067AA42FE7D06BD2FFB3">Elfin butterflies of the genus Rhamma Johnson (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae): A review of the Colombian species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="13175CDC02F85DDFB8AEDF4C28CDB2F5">Prieto, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EBBB37D17980D50278030AD48E147B3F">Vargas, Maria A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03E687EBFFD7855A7CD3FAAAFC5EF83D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6058855" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119257857" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6058855" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687EBFFD7855A7CD3FAAAFC5EF83D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687EBFFD7855A7CD3FAAAFC5EF83D" lastPageNumber="324" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
<subSubSection id="C3556576FFD7855A7CD3FAAAFDAEFA2B" box="[151,534,1389,1415]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF036FDFFD7855A7CD3FAAAFDAEFA2B" blockId="1.[151,534,1389,1415]" box="[151,534,1389,1415]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
<heading id="D0B88191FFD7855A7CD3FAAAFDAEFA2B" bold="true" box="[151,534,1389,1415]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B93BEAEFFFD7855A7CD3FAAAFDAEFA2B" bold="true" box="[151,534,1389,1415]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D7EFFD7855A7CAAFAAAFDAEFA2B" authority="Johnson, 1992" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1992" box="[238,534,1389,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93BEAEFFFD7855A7CAAFAAAFEE5FA2B" bold="true" box="[238,349,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Rhamma</emphasis>
Johnson, 1992
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3556576FFD7855A7CD3FA75FC6EF9A8" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF036FDFFD7855A7CD3FA75FC13FA6B" blockId="1.[151,1038,1457,1540]" box="[151,939,1457,1479]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D7EFFD7855A7CD3FA75FE7DFA6B" authority="Johnson, 1992: 40" authorityName="Johnson" authorityPageNumber="40" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,453,1457,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pontirama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93BEAEFFFD7855A7CD3FA75FEBCFA6B" box="[151,260,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Pontirama</emphasis>
Johnson, 1992: 40
</taxonomicName>
;
<typeStatus id="54F4885FFFD7855A7D8BFA75FE43FA6B" box="[463,507,1458,1479]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D7EFFD7855A7E1CFA75FC13FA6B" authority="Johnson, 1992" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1992" box="[600,939,1457,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pontirama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunea">
<emphasis id="B93BEAEFFFD7855A7E1CFA75FCABFA6B" box="[600,787,1457,1479]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Pontirama brunea</emphasis>
Johnson, 1992
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036FDFFD7855A7CD3FA17FC6EF9A8" blockId="1.[151,1038,1457,1540]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D7EFFD7855A7CD3FA17FE65FA4A" authority="Johnson, 1992: 153" authorityName="Johnson" authorityPageNumber="153" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,477,1488,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Paralustrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93BEAEFFFD7855A7CD3FA17FEB7FA4A" box="[151,271,1488,1510]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Paralustrus</emphasis>
Johnson, 1992: 153
</taxonomicName>
;
<typeStatus id="54F4885FFFD7855A7DACFA16FDACFA4A" box="[488,532,1489,1510]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D7EFFD7855A7E34FA17FBB6FA4A" ID-CoL="7C6T3" authority="Felder &amp; Felder, 1865" authorityName="Felder &amp; Felder" authorityYear="1865" box="[624,1038,1488,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thecla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commodus">
<emphasis id="B93BEAEFFFD7855A7E34FA17FC9FFA4A" box="[624,807,1488,1510]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Thecla commodus</emphasis>
Felder &amp; Felder, 1865
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D7EFFD7855A7CD3FA29FE63F9A8" authority="Johnson, 1992: 148" authorityName="Johnson" authorityPageNumber="148" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,475,1518,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Shapiroana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93BEAEFFFD7855A7CD3FA29FEB4F9A8" box="[151,268,1518,1540]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Shapiroana</emphasis>
Johnson, 1992: 148
</taxonomicName>
;
<typeStatus id="54F4885FFFD7855A7DA1FA28FDA9F9A8" box="[485,529,1519,1540]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D7EFFD7855A7E29FA29FC6EF9A8" authority="Johnson, 1992" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1992" box="[621,982,1518,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Shapiroana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shapiroi">
<emphasis id="B93BEAEFFFD7855A7E29FA29FC84F9A8" box="[621,828,1518,1540]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Shapiroana shapiroi</emphasis>
Johnson, 1992
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3556576FFD7855A7CD3F9EAFC5EF83D" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF036FDFFD7855A7CD3F9EAFDEFF9EE" blockId="1.[151,599,1580,1602]" box="[151,599,1580,1602]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
<typeStatus id="54F4885FFFD7855A7CD3F9EAFF71F9EE" box="[151,201,1581,1602]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D7EFFD7855A7D62F9EBFDEBF9EE" authority="Hewitson, 1870" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1870" box="[294,595,1580,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thecla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxida">
<emphasis id="B93BEAEFFFD7855A7D62F9EBFE11F9EE" box="[294,425,1580,1602]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Thecla oxida</emphasis>
Hewitson, 1870
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036FDFFD7855A7CD3F9ABFC5EF83D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1644,1938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
<emphasis id="B93BEAEFFFD7855A7CD3F9ABFECDF929" bold="true" box="[151,373,1644,1669]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Revised diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D7EFFD7855A7D3BF9ABFE5BF929" box="[383,483,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93BEAEFFFD7855A7D3BF9ABFE5BF929" box="[383,483,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Rhamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by the following combination of characters: 1) androconial scent brand appearing as an elongate streak bordering the upper vein of the discal cell apex on DFW (
<figureCitation id="13742A78FFD7855A78FBF94AFA37F90A" box="[1215,1423,1677,1702]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 – 62" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1499,1522]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1478]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 51 – 62. Androconial brands (arrows point the scent pad): 51. Rhamma hybla; 52. Rhamma adunca; 53. Rhamma arria; 54. Rhamma livida; 55. Rhamma oxida; 56. Rhamma comstocki; 57. Rhamma shapiroi; 58. Rhamma mishma; 59. Rhamma bilix; 60. Rhamma anosma; 61. Rhamma familiaris; 62. Rhamma commodus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266595/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Fig. 51–59, 61, 62</figureCitation>
); 2) male genitalia with vinculum forming a 90 degree angle (
<figureCitation id="13742A78FFD7855A7F00F969FC2FF96B" box="[836,919,1710,1735]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 35" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1361,1384]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,193,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1324]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 35. Male genitalia armatures in lateral (left) and ventral (right) views: 30. Rhamma hybla; 31. Rhamma adunca; 32. Rhamma arria; 33. Rhamma livida (arrows point a., vinculum strut strongly developed and b., vinculum forming a 90 degree angle); 34. Rhamma oxida; 35. Rhamma comstocki." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266593/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
b); 3) vinculum strut strongly developed (
<figureCitation id="13742A78FFD7855A792BF969FF0DF944" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 35" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1361,1384]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,193,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1324]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 35. Male genitalia armatures in lateral (left) and ventral (right) views: 30. Rhamma hybla; 31. Rhamma adunca; 32. Rhamma arria; 33. Rhamma livida (arrows point a., vinculum strut strongly developed and b., vinculum forming a 90 degree angle); 34. Rhamma oxida; 35. Rhamma comstocki." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266593/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
a); 4) ductus bursae short, robust and with strongly developed lamella postvaginalis, terminating in serrate, or multi-pronged configurations (
<figureCitation id="13742A78FFD7855A7DB1F936FDF3F8A6" box="[501,587,1777,1802]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 50" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1892,1915]" captionTargetBox="[379,1198,193,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[379,1198,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 50. Female genitalia (ductus bursae and bursa copulatrix): 42. Rhamma hybla (arrows point a., strongly developed lamella postvaginalis, terminating in serrate configurations b., ductus bursae lightly sclerotized in the middle so that it appears to be transparent and c., dendritic, fan shaped signa) 43. Rhamma adunca; 44. Rhamma arria; 45. Rhamma livida; 46. Rhamma oxida; 47. Rhamma comstocki; 48. Rhamma shapiroi; 49. Rhamma bilix; 50. Rhamma anosma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266594/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
a); 5) signa dendritic, fan shaped (
<figureCitation id="13742A78FFD7855A7F92F936FB95F8A6" box="[982,1069,1777,1802]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 50" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1892,1915]" captionTargetBox="[379,1198,193,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[379,1198,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 50. Female genitalia (ductus bursae and bursa copulatrix): 42. Rhamma hybla (arrows point a., strongly developed lamella postvaginalis, terminating in serrate configurations b., ductus bursae lightly sclerotized in the middle so that it appears to be transparent and c., dendritic, fan shaped signa) 43. Rhamma adunca; 44. Rhamma arria; 45. Rhamma livida; 46. Rhamma oxida; 47. Rhamma comstocki; 48. Rhamma shapiroi; 49. Rhamma bilix; 50. Rhamma anosma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266594/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
c); 6) ductus bursae in dorsal or ventral aspect lightly sclerotized in the middle so that it appears to be transparent (
<figureCitation id="13742A78FFD7855A7821F8D5FB04F887" box="[1125,1212,1810,1835]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 50" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1892,1915]" captionTargetBox="[379,1198,193,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[379,1198,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 50. Female genitalia (ductus bursae and bursa copulatrix): 42. Rhamma hybla (arrows point a., strongly developed lamella postvaginalis, terminating in serrate configurations b., ductus bursae lightly sclerotized in the middle so that it appears to be transparent and c., dendritic, fan shaped signa) 43. Rhamma adunca; 44. Rhamma arria; 45. Rhamma livida; 46. Rhamma oxida; 47. Rhamma comstocki; 48. Rhamma shapiroi; 49. Rhamma bilix; 50. Rhamma anosma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266594/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
b); and 7) a ventral element associated with the 8th tergite in female genitalia (figure 3:C, j in Johnson, 1992). The first character is unique within
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D7EFFD7855A7D73F89FFE1DF8DD" box="[311,421,1880,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eumaeini">Eumaeini</taxonomicName>
, but is lacking in
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D7EFFD7855A7E2CF89EFD65F8DC" box="[616,733,1881,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anosma">
<emphasis id="B93BEAEFFFD7855A7E2CF89EFD65F8DC" box="[616,733,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">R. anosma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Characters 2, 6 and 7 are either unique within the
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D7EFFD7855A7957F89FFAC6F8DD" box="[1299,1406,1880,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eumaeini">Eumaeini</taxonomicName>
or highly unusual and will be the most useful in assigning species to
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D7EFFD7855A7F3FF8BEFC67F83E" box="[891,991,1913,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93BEAEFFFD7855A7F3FF8BEFC67F83E" box="[891,991,1913,1938]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Rhamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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