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<mods:title id="2AACDDCC0430D50B4FEBF2C117032F11">Sympotthastia wuyiensis sp. n. from China, with description of the immature stages of S. takatensis (Tokunaga) (Diptera, Chironomidae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D2C0F65FFB07FE399F8FE30FF13" ID-CoL="7QY6" ID-ENA="994281" authority="Pagast, 1947" authorityName="Pagast" authorityYear="1947" box="[151,486,220,247]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07FE399F8FE30FF13" bold="true" box="[151,486,220,247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07FE399F8FE94FF12" bold="true" box="[151,322,220,246]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">Sympotthastia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B5E0F65FFB07E3D99F9FE30FF13" author="Pagast" box="[329,486,221,247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" refString="Pagast, F. (1947) Systematik und Verbreitung der urn die Gattung Diamesa gruppierten Chironomiden. Arch. Hydrobiology, 41, 435 - 596." type="journal article" year="1947">Pagast, 1947</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D2C0F65FFB07FE39800FE24FEDE" ID-CoL="7QY6" authority="Pagast, 1947: 457" authorityName="Pagast" authorityPageNumber="457" authorityYear="1947" box="[151,498,292,314]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07FE39800FEF1FEDE" box="[151,295,292,314]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">Sympotthastia</emphasis>
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: 457
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B5E0F65FFB07D759800FD6EFEDE" author="Serra-Tosio" box="[513,696,292,314]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" refString="Serra-Tosio, B. (1969) Taxonomie phylogenetique des Diamesini: les genres Potthastia Kieffer, Sympotthastia Pagast, Parapotthastia n. g. et Lappodiamesa n. g. (Diptera, Chironomidae). Trav. Lab. Hydrobiol. Piscic. Univ. Grenoble, 59 - 60, 117 - 164." type="book chapter" year="1969">Serra-Tosio 1969</bibRefCitation>
: 129
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B5E0F65FFB07D8A9800FC56FEDE" author="Oliver" box="[766,896,292,314]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" refString="Oliver, D. R. (1986) The pupae of Diamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement 28, 119 - 137." type="book chapter" year="1986">Oliver 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 127
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; 1989: 140;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B5E0F65FFB07B379800FAD9FEDE" author="Makarchenko" box="[1091,1295,292,314]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" refString="Makarchenko, E. A. (1994) Chironomids of the subfamily Diamesinae (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Japan. II. Sympotthastia Pagast, 1947, Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo, Ser. A 20, 51 - 58." type="journal article" year="1994">Makarchenko 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 51
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B5E0F65FFB07A3D9800FEBCFEBC" author="Ashe" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" refString="Ashe, P. &amp; O'Connor, J. P. (2009) A World Catalogue of Chironomidae (Diptera). Part 1. Buchonomyiinae, Chilenomyiinae, Podonominae, Aphroteniinae, Tanypodinae, Usambaromyiinae, Diamesinae, Prodiamesinae and Telmatogetoninae. Irish Biogeographical Society &amp; National Museum of Ireland, Dublin, 445 pp." type="book" year="2009">Ashe &amp; OConnor 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 309
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0AEE10BE0F65FFB07ED39866FD08FEBC" author="Saether" box="[423,734,322,344]" page="156" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B5E0F65FFB07ED39866FD7DFEBC" author="Saether" box="[423,683,322,344]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" refString="Saether, O. A. &amp; Andersen, T. (2013) The larvae of Prodiamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic Region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Andersen, T., Cranston, P. S. &amp; Epler, J. H. (Eds.), The larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic Region - Keys and diagnoses. - Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution, Supplement 66, 179 - 188." type="book chapter" year="2013">Saether &amp; Andersen 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 156
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.
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<typeStatus id="54F4880D0F65FFB07FE39846FF1FFE93" box="[151,201,354,375]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D2C0F65FFB07E529845FD5FFE93" authority="Pagast, 1947" authorityName="Pagast" authorityYear="1947" box="[294,649,353,375]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zavreli">
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07E529845FDD6FE93" box="[294,512,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">Sympotthastia zavreli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B5E0F65FFB07D719846FD5FFE93" author="Pagast" box="[517,649,353,375]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" refString="Pagast, F. (1947) Systematik und Verbreitung der urn die Gattung Diamesa gruppierten Chironomiden. Arch. Hydrobiology, 41, 435 - 596." type="journal article" year="1947">Pagast, 1947</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07FE39880FE49FE59" bold="true" box="[151,415,420,445]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">Diagnostic characters</emphasis>
: The presence of a spiniferous median volsella, head without inner vertical setae and antepronotum with only ventral-lateral setae will easily differentiate
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D2C0F65FFB07CEF98E3FBECFE04" box="[923,1082,455,480]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07CEF98E3FBECFE04" box="[923,1082,455,480]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">Sympotthastia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adults from other genera in the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D2C0F65FFB07E7A98C8FE40FDE1" box="[270,406,492,517]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diamesinae">Diamesinae</taxonomicName>
. The fore and mid leg sheaths directed straight backwards, the tarsal sections of the hind leg sheaths recuved under the wing sheaths, anal lobe with 3 anal macrosetae and with small fringe combined with tergites II-VIII without thorn-like posterior spines will differentiate the pupae from all the other chironomids. The larva of the genus is unique as follows: S I simple, the indistinctly separated second and third antennal segments with the apical part of annulate, median tooth of mentum rounded or bi-lobed, lamellae absent, and premandible with 4 teeth and lateral spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036AF0F65FFB07FB39BE0FF25FCC1" blockId="1.[151,1437,420,1062]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07FB39BE0FE78FD39" bold="true" box="[199,430,708,733]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
. Based on the material examined and references, the generic diagnosis of pupa and larva
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<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07FE39BC3FEE0FCE4" box="[151,310,743,768]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">Sympotthastia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B5E0F65FFB07E379BC3FE18FCE4" author="Oliver" box="[323,462,743,768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" refString="Oliver, D. R. (1986) The pupae of Diamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement 28, 119 - 137." type="book chapter" year="1986">Oliver 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B5E0F65FFB07EAE9BCCFDC3FCE4" author="Oliver" box="[474,533,744,768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" refString="Oliver, D. R. (1989) The adult males of Diamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 3 - Adult males. Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement 34, 129 - 154." type="book chapter" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B5E0F65FFB07D549BC3FD2DFCE4" author="Makarchenko" box="[544,763,743,768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" refString="Makarchenko, E. A. (1994) Chironomids of the subfamily Diamesinae (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Japan. II. Sympotthastia Pagast, 1947, Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo, Ser. A 20, 51 - 58." type="journal article" year="1994">Makarchenko 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B5E0F65FFB07C739BC3FC53FCE4" author="Epler" box="[775,901,743,768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" refString="Epler, J. H. (2001) Identification Manual for the larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of North and South Carolina. A guide to the taxonomy of the midges of the southeastern United States, including Florida. Special Publication SJ 2001 - SP 13. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Raleigh, NC, and St. Johns River Water Management District, Palatka, FL. 526 pp." type="book" year="2001">Epler 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B5E0F65FFB07CE49BC3FB7BFCE4" author="Saether" box="[912,1197,743,768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" refString="Saether, O. A. &amp; Andersen, T. (2013) The larvae of Prodiamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic Region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Andersen, T., Cranston, P. S. &amp; Epler, J. H. (Eds.), The larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic Region - Keys and diagnoses. - Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution, Supplement 66, 179 - 188." type="book chapter" year="2013">Saether &amp; Andersen 2013</bibRefCitation>
) must be emended as follows:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036AF0F65FFB07FB39A0BFB7DFC88" blockId="1.[151,1437,420,1062]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">
Male. Wing length up to
<quantity id="4CB79B4A0F65FFB07E869A0BFD8FFCA3" box="[498,601,815,840]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" unit="mm" value="5.25">5.25 mm</quantity>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D2C0F65FFB07D189A14FC51FCAC" authority="Tokunaga" authorityName="Tokunaga" box="[620,903,815,840]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takatensis">
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07D189A14FD2AFCAC" box="[620,764,815,840]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">S. takatensis</emphasis>
(Tokunaga)
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F358763F0F65FFB07CC79A0BFC2DFCAC" box="[947,1019,815,840]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">China</collectingCountry>
); anal lobe produced or reduced (
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D2C0F65FFB07AF39A14FED2FC88" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuyiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07AF39A14FA43FCA3" box="[1415,1429,816,839]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07FE39A71FED2FC88" box="[151,260,853,876]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">wuyiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07E7F9A70FE9CFC89" bold="true" box="[267,330,852,877]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
); gonostylus with or without moderately long megaseta (
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D2C0F65FFB07CB89A71FB83FC88" box="[972,1109,853,876]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuyiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07CB89A71FC0CFC88" box="[972,986,853,876]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07C9C9A71FB83FC88" box="[1000,1109,853,876]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">wuyiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07B289A70FB4DFC89" bold="true" box="[1116,1179,852,877]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036AF0F65FFB07FB39A5CFAF7FC3F" blockId="1.[151,1437,420,1062]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">
Pupa. Thoracic horn mostly absent, if present, small and tubercle-like (
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D2C0F65FFB07B769A5CFAB2FC74" authority="Makarchenko" authorityName="Makarchenko" box="[1026,1380,887,912]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmaformis">
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07B769A5CFBC6FC6B" box="[1026,1040,888,911]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07B559A5CFB6FFC74" box="[1057,1209,888,912]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">gemmaformis</emphasis>
Makarchenko
</taxonomicName>
). Pc2 simple (
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D2C0F65FFB07F8C9ABBFDF2FC53" authority="Serra-Tosio" authorityName="Serra-Tosio" box="[248,548,926,951]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrocera">
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07F8C9ABBFED0FC52" box="[248,262,927,950]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07E6E9A84FE44FC53" box="[282,402,928,951]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">macrocera</emphasis>
Serra-Tosio
</taxonomicName>
) or branched (
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D2C0F65FFB07DAE9ABBFBEAFC53" authority="Makarchenko" authorityName="Makarchenko" box="[730,1084,926,951]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmaformis">
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07DAE9ABBFD3EFC52" box="[730,744,927,950]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07D889ABBFC43FC53" box="[764,917,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">gemmaformis</emphasis>
Makarchenko
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D2C0F65FFB07B189ABBFA4FFC53" authority="Tokunaga" authorityName="Tokunaga" box="[1132,1433,926,951]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takatensis">
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07B189ABBFB28FC53" box="[1132,1278,926,951]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">S. takatensis</emphasis>
(Tokunaga))
</taxonomicName>
. Segment II-VIII with 4 L setae, L2 simple or branched, sometimes L3 simple (
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D2C0F65FFB07C889AE7FAC8FC3F" authority="Tokunaga" authorityName="Tokunaga" box="[1020,1310,962,987]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takatensis">
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07C889AE7FB5EFC3F" box="[1020,1160,962,987]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">S. takatensis</emphasis>
(Tokunaga))
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036AF0F65FFB07FB39ACEFAE6FBC2" blockId="1.[151,1437,420,1062]" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">
Larva. Medium-large larvae, up to
<quantity id="4CB79B4A0F65FFB07D2A9ACEFD78FBE5" box="[606,686,1002,1026]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D2C0F65FFB07DA39ACEFC23FBE6" authority="Tokunaga" authorityName="Tokunaga" box="[727,1013,1001,1026]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takatensis">
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07DA39ACEFCB0FBE6" box="[727,870,1001,1026]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">S. takatensis</emphasis>
(Tokunaga)
</taxonomicName>
; Mandible with 1 apical tooth and 4 inner tooth, sometimes additional smaller or bigger than first inner tooth (as in
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D2C0F65FFB07B789D2AFAFBFBC2" authority="Tokunaga" authorityName="Tokunaga" box="[1036,1325,1037,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Sympotthastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takatensis">
<emphasis id="B93BEABD0F65FFB07B789D2AFB41FBC2" box="[1036,1175,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="428">S. takatensis</emphasis>
(Tokunaga))
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>