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<document id="8687E821EF3865C37435B4F187AAC6E4" ID-CLB-Dataset="24900" ID-DOI="10.1093/isd/ixz015" ID-GBIF-Dataset="56172c62-3e7c-4ab7-83d4-1dd9f5c57eb5" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3542130" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1573763013583" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hita-Garcia, Francisco, Lieberman, Ziv, Audisio, Tracy L., Liu, Cong &amp; Economo, Evan P." docDate="2019" docId="03D9AC4AE563FF8CFF64FD60BF9500D9" docLanguage="en" docName="insectSystematicsDiversity.ixz015.pdf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics and Diversity 5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74.8:InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74" docStyleName="InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Discothyrea maia Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo 2019, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFE0D432E555FFBBFFF6FF95BB120352" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3 D Cybertaxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1698765580234" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6E9B5F9BB4AE6C347F75D025344104C1">Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3 D Cybertaxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B96059589E4152B3F21F2B339214182F">Hita-Garcia, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8A9241CF75B26B4232BB5240C1A91D69">Lieberman, Ziv</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A2790097B1628717A8EDA7B4E12D0D58">Audisio, Tracy L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0D4FB465B3ECD3B4610DC892186D85A2">Liu, Cong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AD9177650F0F9488A22203E9E0613A72">Economo, Evan P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FB5FB4848397558B08D5734DD7B67136">Insect Systematics and Diversity</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03D9AC4AE563FF8CFF64FD60BF9500D9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5922622" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160400429" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5922622" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D9AC4AE563FF8CFF64FD60BF9500D9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D9AC4AE563FF8CFF64FD60BF9500D9" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE563FF8DFF64FD60B966005E" authority="Hita Garcia &amp; Lieberman" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[146,628,757,780]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maia" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFF64FD60BA45005E" box="[146,343,757,780]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Discothyrea maia</emphasis>
Hita Garcia &amp; Lieberman
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2377C35E563FF8DFD8DFD60B9AA005E" box="[635,696,757,780]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E563FF8DFF6CFC8DBBE3007D" box="[154,241,792,815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,1283,1300]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,1247]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1435,147,1248]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Maps showing the known distribution ranges of Afrotropical Discothyrea species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542140/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs. 4L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E563FF8DFF08FC8DBA0A007D" box="[254,280,792,815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[146,173,1454,1471]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,149,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[154,1434,147,1419]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 6. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the head in full-face view (the remainder of the body virtually removed). All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation.Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542144/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">6L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E563FF8DFED0FC8DBA52007D" box="[294,320,792,815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[146,173,1457,1474]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,149,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[152,1435,147,1422]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 7. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the head in profile (the remainder of the body virtually removed).All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation. Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542148/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">7L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E563FF8DFEB8FC8DBA7A007D" box="[334,360,792,815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[146,172,1457,1474]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,149,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[152,1435,147,1422]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 8. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the right mandible in dorsal view (the remainder of the body virtually removed).All Afrotropical species are shown,species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation.Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542150/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">8L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E563FF8DFE80FC8DBA82007D" box="[374,400,792,815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[146,173,1457,1474]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,149,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[152,1435,147,1422]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 9. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the mesosoma in profile (the remainder of the body virtually removed). All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation.Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542152/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">9L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E563FF8DFE68FC8DBAD1007D" box="[414,451,792,815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[146,173,1457,1474]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,149,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[152,1435,147,1422]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 10. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the body in dorsal view with focus on mesosoma.All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation. Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542154/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">10L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E563FF8DFE24FC8DBAE1007D" box="[466,499,792,815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[146,173,1454,1471]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,149,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[154,1434,147,1419]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 11. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the posterior propodeum in posterior view (the remainder of the body virtually removed). All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation. Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542156/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">11L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E563FF8DFDF2FC8DB93E007D" box="[516,556,792,815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[146,173,1454,1471]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,149,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[154,1434,147,1419]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 12. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of the petiole and gaster in profile (the remainder of the body virtually removed).All Afrotropical species are shown, species names are embedded in each particular image for better comparison and orientation.Specimen codes are given inTable 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542158/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">12L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E563FF8DFDCFFC8DB973007D" box="[569,609,792,815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[146,173,534,551]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,499]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[152,1435,147,499]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 13. Diagnostic plate showing still images from surface volume renderings of mesotibiae and mesotarsi with mesotibial apicoventral spur, if present, colorized in green. (A) D. gaia, (B) D. poweri, (C) D. traegaordhi, (D) D. dryad, (E) D. maia, (F) D. wakanda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542160/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">13E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E563FF8DFD99FC8DB984007D" box="[623,662,792,815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[146,173,1454,1471]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,149,1419]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[154,1434,147,1419]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 14. Diagnostic plate showing differences in body pilosity. (A) D. mixta (CASENT0235473),(B) D. oculata (CASENT0235467),(C) D. aisnetu (CASENT0235475), (D) D.athene (CASENT0235476),(E) D.chimera (CASENT0235471),(F) D.damato (CASENT0247362),(G) D.dryad (CASENT0247371),(H) D.gaia (CASENT0247040), (I) D. gryphon (CASENT0247367), (J) D. hawkesi (CASENT0235470), (K) D. kalypso (CASENT0235468), (L) D. maia (CASENT0790541), (M) D. michelae (CASENT0235469), (N) D. patrizii (CASENT0235472), (O) D. penthos (CASENT0247383), (P) D. poweri (SAM-ENT-0011509), (Q) D. schulzei (CASENT0247370), (R) D. traegaordhi (CASENT0790122), (S) D. venus (CASENT0247017), (T) D. wakanda (CASENT0790326).With the exception of F, L, R,T, all other images are from https://www.antweb.org—photographers Michele Esposito and Will Ericson." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542162/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">14L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E563FF8DFD52FC8DB9AD007D" box="[676,703,792,815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="52.[818,845,1890,1907]" captionTargetBox="[819,1440,975,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[819,1440,975,1854]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Fig. 41. Stacked digital color images of D. maia sp. n. holotype (CASENT0790541). (A) Body in profile, (B) body in dorsal view, (C) head in full-face view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542216/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">41</figureCitation>
,
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<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE563FF8DFF64FCADB918001D" blockId="54.[146,772,757,937]" box="[146,522,824,847]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E563FF8DFF64FCADBBBF001D" box="[146,173,824,847]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="53.[146,173,1782,1799]" captionTargetBox="[202,1386,147,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[202,1386,147,1747]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Fig. 42. Still images from shaded surface display volume renderings of D. maia sp. n. holotype (CASENT0790541) showing virtually segmented body parts. (A) Body in dorsal view, (B) body in profile, (C) head in full-face view, (D) head in dorsal view, (E) head in anterodorsal view, (F) head in anterior view, (G) head in profile, (H) head in ventral view, (I) posterior propodeum in posterior view, (J) petiole in profile, (K) petiole and gaster in profile, (L) petiole in dorsal view, (M) petiole in anterior view, (N) petiole oblique anterior view, (O) gaster in dorsal view, (P) petiole in ventral view, (Q) abdominal sternite 3 in ventral view, (R) mesotibia and mesotarsus in anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542218/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">42</figureCitation>
; Supp Video S12 [online only])
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE563FF8DFF64FCCEBA06003C" blockId="54.[146,772,757,937]" box="[146,276,859,878]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFF64FCCEBA06003C" bold="true" box="[146,276,859,878]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Type Material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE563FF8DFF64FCEDB81600FA" blockId="54.[146,772,757,937]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<materialsCitation id="3B181701E563FF8DFF64FCEDB81600FA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2451560266" collectingDate="1981-01" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="A. Watsham" country="Zimbabwe" elevation="1535" latitude="-17.883" location="Chishawasha" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="31.227" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCode="CASENT0790541" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFF64FCEDBBFC00D9" bold="true" box="[146,238,888,907]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<typeStatus id="54CBA3FEE563FF8DFF64FCEDBBF800D9" box="[146,234,888,907]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
</emphasis>
pinned worker,
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE563FF8DFE63FCEDB91D00D9" box="[405,527,888,907]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">ZIMBABWE</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8EAF4B87E563FF8DFDEBFCEDB98B00D9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D9AC4AE563FF8CFF64FD60BF9500D9:8EAF4B87E563FF8DFDEBFCEDB98B00D9" box="[541,665,888,907]" country="Zimbabwe" latitude="-17.883" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="31.227" name="Chishawasha" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Chishawasha</location>
, [
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],
<quantity id="4C88B0B9E563FF8DFF12FC00BA3900FB" box="[228,299,917,937]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.535" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1535.0">
<elevation id="005DFA6FE563FF8DFF12FC00BA3900FB" box="[228,299,917,937]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.535" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1535.0">1535 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFCE3B9CE563FF8DFEC5FC03BA7D00FB" box="[307,367,918,937]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1981-01">
<collectingDate id="EF8AC274E563FF8DFEC5FC03BA7D00FB" box="[307,367,918,937]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1981-01">I.1981</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFE8DFC03BAFB00FA" box="[379,489,917,937]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<collectorName id="2685788AE563FF8DFE8DFC03BAFB00FA" box="[379,489,917,937]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">A. Watsham</collectorName>
</emphasis>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED618599E563FF8DFE0AFC03B95400FB" box="[508,582,918,937]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">BMNH</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="DBD6B527E563FF8DFDBBFC00B9EB00FA" box="[589,761,917,936]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">CASENT0790541</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE563FF8DFF64FC45B9EE079C" blockId="54.[146,770,976,1230]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFF64FC45BBE500B1" box="[146,247,976,995]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Cybertype.</emphasis>
Volumetric raw data (in DICOM format), 3D rotation video, still images of surface volume rendering, and 3D surface (in PLY format) of the physical
<typeStatus id="54CBA3FEE563FF8DFE52FB9EBAE7074C" box="[420,501,1035,1054]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(CASENT0790541) in addition to stacked digital color images illustrating head in full-face view, profile and dorsal views of the body.The data are deposited at Dryad (Hita Garcia et al. 2019, http://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3qm4183) and can be freely accessed as virtual representation of the type. In addition to the cybertype data at Dryad, we also provide a freely accessible 3D surface model of the
<typeStatus id="54CBA3FEE563FF8DFE36FB2EB903079C" box="[448,529,1211,1230]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
at Sketchfab (Model 12).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E563FF8DFF64FB6EBA1E04C2" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE563FF8DFF64FB6EBBFE065C" blockId="54.[146,769,1275,1353]" box="[146,236,1275,1294]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<heading id="D087AA30E563FF8DFF64FB6EBBFE065C" bold="true" box="[146,236,1275,1294]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFF64FB6EBBFE065C" bold="true" box="[146,236,1275,1294]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE563FF8DFF64FA8DBA1E04C2" blockId="54.[146,769,1275,1353]" lastBlockId="54.[146,772,1843,1936]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
The following character combination distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE563FF8DFD8BFA8CB9D90679" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[637,715,1305,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maia">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFD8BFA8CB9D90679" box="[637,715,1305,1323]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">D. maia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the remainder of the complex: abdominal sternite 3 not rectangular
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFF64F8A6BBF60416" bold="true" box="[146,228,1843,1860]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Model 12.</emphasis>
3D surface model of
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE563FF8DFE68F8A6BACC0416" authority="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo, 2019" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[414,478,1843,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maia" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFE68F8A6BACC0416" box="[414,478,1843,1860]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">D. maia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2377C35E563FF8DFE13F8A6B9060416" box="[485,532,1843,1860]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<typeStatus id="54CBA3FEE563FF8DFDEFF8A6B9730416" box="[537,609,1843,1860]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(CASENT0790541). An interactive version of this model is available in the HTML version of this article online and at https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/a26ae6a2819a4473a6b 83152e2e82dff.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E563FF8CFCC4FF00B88A0394" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE563FF8DFCC4FF00B8900269" blockId="54.[818,1442,149,315]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">in profile, ventral margin rounded; mesosoma somewhat slender but not especially gracile (LMI 53; DMI2 81), dorsally convex in profile; propodeum denticulate denticles well-developed, propodeal declivity strongly concave; erect pilosity absent from mesosoma and abdominal terga; eyes absent; frontal lamella with elliptical basal fenestra.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE563FF8DFCC4FEF3BFA7022A" blockId="54.[818,1442,357,494]" box="[818,1205,357,377]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<heading id="D087AA30E563FF8DFCC4FEF3BFA7022A" bold="true" box="[818,1205,357,377]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFCC4FEF3BFA7022A" bold="true" box="[818,1205,357,377]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Worker Measurements and Indices (
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFB8BFEF3BF9B022B" bold="true" box="[1149,1161,358,377]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
= 1)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE563FF8DFCC4FE16BF2E02BC" blockId="54.[818,1442,357,494]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
EL 0.00; HL 0.50; SL 0.29;
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE563FF8DFBB0FE16BF7602C4" box="[1094,1124,387,406]" name="Philippines" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">PH</collectingCountry>
0.26; PW 0.29; PrH 0.29; DML 0.36; WL 0.49; HFL 0.32; PeL 0.07; PeW 0.20; PeH 0.25; LT3 0.28; LT4 0.27; OI 0; CI 78; SI 58; LMI 53; DMI 59; DMI2 81; ASI 98; HFI 65; DPeI 286; LPeI 357.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE563FF8DFCC4FD8EB8F5017C" blockId="54.[818,1442,539,1937]" box="[818,999,539,558]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<heading id="D087AA30E563FF8DFCC4FD8EB8F5017C" bold="true" box="[818,999,539,558]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFCC4FD8EB8F5017C" bold="true" box="[818,999,539,558]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Worker Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE563FF8DFCC4FDADB8D207C4" blockId="54.[818,1442,539,1937]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFCC4FDADB8770119" box="[818,869,568,587]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Head</emphasis>
somewhat elongate (CI 78); posterior head margin straight to weakly concave; posterodorsal corners of head rounded; in frontal view, sides of head weakly conexl anterolateral corners of gena well-defined; eyes absent; frontal lamella low and lobate in profile, with elliptical basal fenestra; medial clypeus narrow, anteriomedially projecting, lateral clypeus very weakly convex apically, lateral clypeus broadly curving between antennal sockets and anterolateral corners of head, entire clypeal margin bearing very short curved setae.
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFB80FCB6BFD40064" box="[1142,1222,803,822]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Antenna</emphasis>
with moderately long scape (SI 58), scape moderately incrassate, gently bent; pedicel subcylindrical, scarcely longer than broad; true antennomere count nine; apparent antennomere count 89, flagellomeres basad apical club highly compressed, taken together slightly shorter than apical club.
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFC90FC20B8CC009A" box="[870,990,949,968]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ventral head</emphasis>
with well-developed, sinuate preoccipital ridge, with very short, triangular anteromedial carina; medial region of hypostoma rounded-triangular, arms slightly narrowed, somewhat spatulate apicolaterally; palpal formula not examined.
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFABEFB98BEB30772" box="[1352,1441,1037,1056]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mandible</emphasis>
edentate except for small prebasal angle; basal angle squared; ectal face with carina running from prebasal angle to apex, confluent with masticatory margin for entire length except laterad prebasal angle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE563FF8DFCA4FB34B8CB06E9" blockId="54.[818,1442,539,1937]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFCA4FB34B8A607E1" box="[850,948,1185,1203]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mesosoma</emphasis>
slender, gently convex in profile, pronotum somewhat higher than than propodeum; in dorsal view mesosoma elongate (DMI 59; DMI2 81), pronotum slightly wider than propodeum; pronotal humeri rounded; posterior propodeal margin strongly concave; posterodorsal corners of propodeum denticulate, denticles well-developed, dorsoventrally flattened, weakly diverging posterolaterally; declivitous face of propodeum distinctly concave in profile and oblique posterior view; propodeal spiracle relatively large, circular, directed posterodorsally; propodeal lobes welldeveloped, lobate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE563FF8DFCA4FA53BFD80541" blockId="54.[818,1442,539,1937]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFCA4FA53B86F068A" box="[850,893,1478,1496]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Legs</emphasis>
moderately long (HFI 65) and very slender; mesotibia without apicoventral spur or seta; mesobasitarsus fairly long, slightly longer than tarsomeres IIIV taken together.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE563FF8DFCA4F988B89B05AC" blockId="54.[818,1442,539,1937]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFCA4F988B8C70562" box="[850,981,1565,1584]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Petiolar node</emphasis>
strongly attenuated dorsally, about 3.6 times higher than long (LPeI 357); in profile anterior face of node sloping posteroventrally; in dorsal view, petiole subrectangular, about 2.9 times wider than long (DPeI 286), sides slightly convex; in anterior view, petiolar outline pentagonal, edges well-defined, dorsolateral angles rounded; in oblique anterodorsal view, anterior face flat; subpetiolar process fairly long, lobate, apex rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE563FF8CFCA4F89DBBE40394" blockId="54.[818,1442,539,1937]" lastBlockId="55.[146,770,149,873]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE563FF8DFCA4F89DBF340449" box="[850,1062,1800,1819]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Abdominal segment 3</emphasis>
elongate-campaniform, anteriorly prolonged slightly over anterior sternal margin, widest posteriorly; sternite in profile somewhat truncate;
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE563FF8DFB55F8D6BFD20404" box="[1187,1216,1859,1878]" name="American Samoa" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">AS</collectingCountry>
3 with well-defined median ridge broadening to indistinct lobe posteriorly, reaching prora anteriorly; prora carinulate, concave; AT3 approximately as long as AT4; successive abdominal segments short, telescopic, concealed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE562FF8CFF44FF45BBE90111" blockId="55.[146,770,149,873]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE562FF8CFF44FF45BA1B03B1" box="[178,265,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Sculpture</emphasis>
on head, petiolar node, and abdominal segment 3 foveolate-reticulate, foveolae larger on lateral head surfaces, replaced by very fine rugulae anteromedially around frontal lamella; ventral head surface punctate to punctulate, mostly smooth medially except for small punctures arond subgenal sulcus; frontal lamella and clypeus rough, granulose to weakly rugulose; mandible with very small punctulae; dorsal mesosoma densely punctate-reticulate; punctae on lateral mesosoma sparser, sculpture more predominantly rugulose to reticulate; declivitous face of propodeum finely reticulate, reticulum most prominent ventrally; petiolar sternite densely punctate; abdominal tergite 4 conspicuously smoother than AT3, with very, shallow punctulae, becoming more strongly punctate posteriorly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE562FF8CFF44FDDBBA76003B" blockId="55.[146,770,149,873]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE562FF8CFF44FDDBBBEF0133" box="[178,253,590,609]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Setation</emphasis>
on head dilute, short appressed pubescence; scape with slightly longer but tightly appressed pubescence; mesosoma and AT3 with very short, dilute, fine appressed pubesence, mostly restricted to dorsal surfaces of mesosoma; AT4 with longer, more conspicuous pubescence; successive abdominal segments with relatively short decumbent to erect setae, longer on terminal segments; legs with relatively long but tightly appressed pubescence, similar to scape; ectal face of mandible with fairly long, distinctly spaced, curved subdecubent setae; masticatory margin of mandible with row of straight, stout setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE562FF8CFCA4FF00B88A0394" blockId="55.[818,1441,149,198]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE562FF8CFCA4FF00B89503FA" box="[850,903,149,168]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Color</emphasis>
uniformly dull yellowish, appendages slightly lighter and more clear.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E562FF8CFCC4FF7BBF9D02E3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE562FF8CFCC4FF7BB8870253" blockId="55.[818,1442,238,433]" box="[818,917,238,257]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="D087AA30E562FF8CFCC4FF7BB8870253" bold="true" box="[818,917,238,257]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE562FF8CFCC4FF7BB8870253" bold="true" box="[818,917,238,257]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE562FF8CFCC4FE9EBF9D02E3" blockId="55.[818,1442,238,433]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
In Greek mythology, Maia was a nymph of the seven Pleiades, mainland-dwelling sisters to the insular Kalypso; the new species is named for its morphological affinity to
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE562FF8CFB6EFED3BFEE020A" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[1176,1276,325,344]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kalypso">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE562FF8CFB6EFED3BFEE020A" box="[1176,1276,325,344]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">D. kalypso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition,
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE562FF8CFA83FED3B8960224" authority="in Greek" authorityName="in Greek" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maia">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE562FF8CFA83FED3BEB0020A" box="[1397,1442,326,344]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">maia</emphasis>
in Greek
</taxonomicName>
means midwife, which is considered appropriate for an eusocial insect with an all-female working caste. The species epithet is to be treated as an appositive noun.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E562FF8CFCC4FE4DBE250111" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE562FF8CFCC4FE4DBF0A02B9" blockId="55.[818,1442,472,580]" box="[818,1048,472,491]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="D087AA30E562FF8CFCC4FE4DBF0A02B9" bold="true" box="[818,1048,472,491]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE562FF8CFCC4FE4DBF0A02B9" bold="true" box="[818,1048,472,491]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Distribution and Biology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE562FF8CFCC4FE63BE250111" blockId="55.[818,1442,472,580]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
At present, known only from the
<typeStatus id="54CBA3FEE562FF8CFBABFE63BF96015B" box="[1117,1156,502,521]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">type</typeStatus>
locality in
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE562FF8CFB10FE60BE58015A" box="[1254,1354,501,520]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="134B01D9E562FF8CFAA0FE60BE84015B" box="[1366,1430,501,521]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,1283,1300]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,1247]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1435,147,1248]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Maps showing the known distribution ranges of Afrotropical Discothyrea species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542140/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 4L</figureCitation>
). Unfortunately, no ecological information is provided on the collection label, but it may originate from savanna woodland.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A4ED7E562FF8CFCC4FDE5BF9500D9" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE562FF8CFCC4FDE5B88401D1" blockId="55.[818,1442,624,907]" box="[818,918,624,643]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="D087AA30E562FF8CFCC4FDE5B88401D1" bold="true" box="[818,918,624,643]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE562FF8CFCC4FDE5B88401D1" bold="true" box="[818,918,624,643]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF1D5CE562FF8CFCC4FD18BF9500D9" blockId="55.[818,1442,624,907]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE562FF8CFCC4FD18B8C101F2" box="[818,979,653,672]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maia">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE562FF8CFCC4FD18B8C101F2" box="[818,979,653,672]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Discothyrea maia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically distinct from all mainland species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE562FF8CFC6DFD3EBF1601EC" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1913" box="[923,1028,683,702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="traegaordhi">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE562FF8CFC6DFD3EBF1601EC" box="[923,1028,683,702]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">traegaordhi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex except
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE562FF8CFB5EFD3EBE0501EC" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[1192,1303,683,702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michelae">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE562FF8CFB5EFD3EBE0501EC" box="[1192,1303,683,702]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">D. michelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the latter species is easily distinguished based on its standing pilosity, squared third abdominal tergite, and bilobed petiolar node, as well as by the form of the medial clypeus which is broad and transverse in
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE562FF8CFCC4FCB4B88D0061" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[818,927,800,819]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michelae">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE562FF8CFCC4FCB4B88D0061" box="[818,927,800,819]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">D. michelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and anteriorly prolonged in
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE562FF8CFB51FCB4BFE30061" box="[1191,1265,801,819]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maia">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE562FF8CFB51FCB4BFE30061" box="[1191,1265,801,819]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">D. maia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Presently, the only other member of the complex known from
<collectingCountry id="F3675DCCE562FF8CFB22FCA8BE2A0002" box="[1236,1336,829,848]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
is
<taxonomicName id="4C7066DFE562FF8CFAA1FCABBE8F0002" authorityName="Hita-Garcia &amp; Lieberman &amp; Audisio &amp; Liu &amp; Economo" authorityYear="2019" box="[1367,1437,830,848]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaia">
<emphasis id="B904C14EE562FF8CFAA1FCABBE8F0002" box="[1367,1437,830,848]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">D. gaia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but both are unlikely to be confused due to noticeable differences in body size, overall shape, and pilosity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>