242 lines
29 KiB
XML
242 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="A8BBD9B617FEE0DDE340ECFFCED00D13" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.186542" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cc2e1d8e-63c7-4b6e-95de-e415a22ccfe9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="186542" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461052940062" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wagner, Philipp, Böhme, Wolfgang, Pauwels, Olivier S. G. & Schmitz, Andreas" docDate="2009" docId="03BC7248694FB810FE93FD3B2A2C915C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02050p030.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2050" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Lepidothyris fernandi subsp. fernandi Burton 1836" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FF850A306949B817FE04FFE72E649622" masterDocTitle="A review of the African red – flanked skinks of the Lygosoma fernandi (BURTON, 1836) species group (Squamata: Scincidae) and the role of climate change in their speciation." masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1698580187426" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6A7387401AAD94A3D269743ADD5001D4">A review of the African red – flanked skinks of the Lygosoma fernandi (BURTON, 1836) species group (Squamata: Scincidae) and the role of climate change in their speciation.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A2FAB827AE11E0F9F33FFF618CFDA7BA">Wagner, Philipp</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1918004D8D96151F5706FD17BDE98A1A">Böhme, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="14019A93CDA543E249F17A3D6A7DFB3C">Pauwels, Olivier S. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BED100CE7F4C4BFCC74FECAA0BF19462">Schmitz, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03BC7248694FB810FE93FD3B2A2C915C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5678608" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119612313" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5678608" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC7248694FB810FE93FD3B2A2C915C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC7248694FB810FE93FD3B2A2C915C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="C30F90D5694FB811FE93FD3B2CAF94D7" box="[151,715,731,758]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAAC35E694FB811FE93FD3B2CAF94D7" blockId="6.[151,715,731,758]" box="[151,715,731,758]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="D0E27432694FB811FE93FD3B2CAF94D7" bold="true" box="[151,715,731,758]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C15B8DD694FB811FE93FD3B2CAF94D7" authority="Burton, 1836" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1836" box="[151,715,731,758]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lepidothyris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fernandi" subSpecies="fernandi">
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<emphasis id="B9611F4C694FB811FE93FD3B2CAF94D7" bold="true" box="[151,715,731,758]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B9611F4C694FB811FE93FD3B2C6994D4" bold="true" box="[151,525,732,758]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lepidothyris fernandi fernandi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF84BEAF694FB811FC19FD3C2CA694D7" author="Burton" box="[541,706,731,757]" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" refString="Burton, E. (1836) A saurian reptile of the family Scincidae and of the genus Tiliqua, Gray. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1836, 62." type="proceedings paper" year="1836">Burton, 1836</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30F90D5694FB811FE93FCC22A71955E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BAAC35E694FB811FE93FCC22FFE957E" blockId="6.[151,1436,805,892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF84BEAF694FB811FE93FCC22EA8951E" author="Burton" box="[151,204,805,828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" refString="Burton, E. (1836) A saurian reptile of the family Scincidae and of the genus Tiliqua, Gray. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1836, 62." type="proceedings paper" year="1836">1836</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C15B8DD694FB811FED2FCC22D0E951E" authority="Burton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1836: 62" authorityName="Burton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="1836" box="[214,874,805,828]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tiliqua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandi">
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<emphasis id="B9611F4C694FB811FED2FCC22FE2951E" box="[214,390,805,828]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tiliqua fernandi</emphasis>
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Burton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1836: 62
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54AE7DFC694FB811FD73FCC22DC8951E" box="[887,940,805,828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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<collectingCountry id="F30283CE694FB811FA1CFCC22AD5951E" box="[1048,1201,805,828]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fernando Poo</collectingCountry>
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(today Bioko Island,
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<collectingCountry id="F30283CE694FB811FEC3FCA22FEA957E" box="[199,398,837,860]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAAC35E694FB811FE93FC822A71955E" blockId="6.[151,1436,805,892]" box="[151,1045,869,892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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1895
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<taxonomicName id="4C15B8DD694FB811FED7FC822F24955E" box="[211,320,869,892]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9611F4C694FB811FED7FC822F24955E" box="[211,320,869,892]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lygosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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nov. sp. Barboza du Bocage, J. Sci. math. phys. nat. Lisboa, 3: 272.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30F90D5694FB810FE93FC422F9A97E2" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAAC35E694FB811FE93FC422D4B9339" blockId="6.[151,1437,933,2003]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C15B8DD694FB811FE93FC422FCA959C" box="[151,430,933,958]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lepidothyris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandi">
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<emphasis id="B9611F4C694FB811FE93FC422FCA959C" box="[151,430,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lepidothyris fernandi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF84BEAF694FB811FC99FC422D37959D" author="Burton" box="[669,851,933,959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" refString="Burton, E. (1836) A saurian reptile of the family Scincidae and of the genus Tiliqua, Gray. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1836, 62." type="proceedings paper" year="1836">Burton (1836)</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="4C15B8DD694FB811FD85FC422A35959C" box="[897,1105,933,958]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tiliqua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandi">
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<emphasis id="B9611F4C694FB811FD85FC422A35959C" box="[897,1105,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tiliqua fernandi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London as part of the report of William Yarell, Vice–President of the Society at this time. It is mentioned there, that a drawing ‘of a Saurian Reptile of the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C15B8DD694FB811FA57FC152AAD922E" box="[1107,1225,1010,1036]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Scincidae</taxonomicName>
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and of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C15B8DD694FB811FE93FBFE2E899210" box="[151,237,1049,1074]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tiliqua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9611F4C694FB811FE93FBFE2E899210" box="[151,237,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tiliqua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Gray’ was exhibited and ‘which forms part of the Museum of the Army Medical Department at Chatham, and which is regarded by Mr. Burton, Staff–Surgeon, in charge of the museum, as hitherto undescribed’. The thereupon following description and especially the description of the colouration refers to
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<taxonomicName id="4C15B8DD694FB811FE93FB6A2FFF9284" box="[151,411,1165,1190]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lepidothyris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandi">
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<emphasis id="B9611F4C694FB811FE93FB6A2FFF9284" box="[151,411,1165,1190]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lepidothyris fernandi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: ‘Head, back, tail and upper surface of the extremities reddish brown, a blackish line intersecting each row of scales; sides lighter, marked by a series of irregular blackish streaks; belly and under surface of tail a brownish white; throat alternated longitudinally with light and dark–brown lines; submental scales whitish, bordered with a broad dark–brown edge.’
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAAC35E694FB811FEC1FACF2B1F917D" blockId="6.[151,1437,933,2003]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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The Army Medical Department was based at Fort Pitt. We are sure that any possibly existing iconotype (see below) is lost because of the unstable history of this Fort which eventually even led to its complete destruction: the Fort was build between
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<date id="FFABE59E694FB811FC69FA922D7F93AD" box="[621,795,1397,1423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1805" valueMax="1819">1805 and 1819</date>
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on the high ground of the boundary between Chatham and Rochester in Kent,
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<collectingCountry id="F30283CE694FB811FFADFA7B2C239394" box="[425,583,1436,1462]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
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. Later on, it became a hospital for invalid soldiers, with an asylum added in 1849. In 1860, the first Army Medical School was founded there by the great Florence Nightingale. The Fort was closed in 1920 and converted into a girls’ school but today nothing is visible of the original Fort. Nevertheless, the Fort had a close relation to African herpetology. Sir Andrew Smith, an authority on South African herpetology, and founder of the South African Museum, was stationed in
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<collectingCountry id="F30283CE694FB811FA65F9D12A9D9072" box="[1121,1273,1590,1616]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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from
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<date id="FFABE59E694FB811FB46F9D12EB19055" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1821" valueMax="1837">1821 to 1837</date>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF84BEAF694FB811FEE1F9BA2F119055" author="Adler" box="[229,373,1629,1655]" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" refString="Adler, K. (ed.) (1989) Contributions to the history of herpetology. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, 202 pp." type="book" year="1989">Adler 1989</bibRefCitation>
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) and became a principal medical officer at Fort Pitt in 1837. Later he was the deputy inspector–general in 1845 and the director–general of the Army Medical Department from
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<date id="FFABE59E694FB811FAF7F9632BFC90BC" box="[1267,1432,1668,1694]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1853" valueMax="1858">1853 to 1858</date>
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. Therefore it is not remarkable that a Medical Department had drawings and/or specimens of African reptiles. Smith had taken his collection of specimens and drawings with him to
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<collectingCountry id="F30283CE694FB811FA08F9362A1790C9" box="[1036,1139,1745,1771]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">England</collectingCountry>
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to continue his work in
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<collectingCountry id="F30283CE694FB811FE93F91F2E999130" box="[151,253,1784,1810]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">England</collectingCountry>
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. Later on, his reptilian
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<typeStatus id="54AE7DFC694FB811FC03F91F2C219130" box="[519,581,1784,1810]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">types</typeStatus>
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were given to the collection of the natural history museums in Edinburgh and London (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF84BEAF694FB811FF37F8F92FDA911A" author="Adler" box="[307,446,1822,1848]" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" refString="Adler, K. (ed.) (1989) Contributions to the history of herpetology. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, 202 pp." type="book" year="1989">Adler 1989</bibRefCitation>
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). But today the
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<typeStatus id="54AE7DFC694FB811FC7DF8F92CBB911A" box="[633,735,1822,1848]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is neither hosted in the collection of the British Museum in London (pers. comm. C. McCarthy) nor in the Royal Scottish Museum in Edinburgh (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF84BEAF694FB811FA81F8A22B0A917D" author="Herman" box="[1157,1390,1861,1887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" refString="Herman, J. S., McGowan, R. Y. & Swinney, G. N. (1990) Catalogue of the type specimens of recent vertebrates in the National Museums of Scotland. National Museums of Scotland Information Series, 4, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1990">
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Herman
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<emphasis id="B9611F4C694FB811FAE9F8A22B4C917C" box="[1261,1320,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
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1990
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAAC35E694FB810FEC1F88B2FCC9751" blockId="6.[151,1437,933,2003]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,1918]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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The Army Medical Museum and its collections have moved to Netley in 1863 to the new Royal Victoria Army Hospital. This hospital was in use until the 1970s, but there was a lot of destruction by fire and water damage and later on the whole building was destroyed (pers. comm. A. Bauer). It is to assume that
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<bibRefCitation id="EF84BEAF694FB810FB4DF85E2E839690" author="Burton" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" refString="Burton, E. (1836) A saurian reptile of the family Scincidae and of the genus Tiliqua, Gray. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1836, 62." type="proceedings paper" year="1836">Burton (1836)</bibRefCitation>
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based his description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C15B8DD694EB810FC1DFF7F2CB99693" box="[537,733,152,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tiliqua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandi">
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<emphasis id="B9611F4C694EB810FC1DFF7F2CB99693" box="[537,733,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tiliqua fernandi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on a drawing rather than on a real
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<typeStatus id="54AE7DFC694EB810FA8EFF7F2A939690" box="[1162,1271,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, making it an iconotype. Whatever the case, any possible
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<typeStatus id="54AE7DFC694EB810FC9FFF592CBD96FA" box="[667,729,190,216]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">types</typeStatus>
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are very likely destroyed and therefore herein we designate a
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<typeStatus id="54AE7DFC694EB810FEA9FF022F6A96DD" box="[173,270,229,255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C15B8DD694EB810FF3CFF022CCF96DD" authority="Burton, 1836" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1836" box="[312,683,229,255]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tiliqua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandi">
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<emphasis id="B9611F4C694EB810FF3CFF022C6496DC" box="[312,512,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tiliqua fernandi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF84BEAF694EB810FC0CFF022CCF96DD" author="Burton" box="[520,683,229,255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" refString="Burton, E. (1836) A saurian reptile of the family Scincidae and of the genus Tiliqua, Gray. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1836, 62." type="proceedings paper" year="1836">Burton, 1836</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the originally mentioned
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AE7DFC694EB810FA2BFF022A0796DD" box="[1071,1123,229,255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, preserved in the collection of the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum A. Koenig in Bonn,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30283CE694EB810FA05FEEB2A159704" box="[1025,1137,268,294]" name="Germany" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
and collected by Martin Eisentraut, a former director of the museum. The adult specimen was collected at a cacao plantation near San Carlos (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF84BEAF694EB810FEF6FEBE2FFF9751" author="Mertens" box="[242,411,345,371]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Mertens, R. (1964) Die Reptilien von Fernando Poo. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, 15, 211 - 238." type="journal article" year="1964">Mertens 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAC35E694EB810FEC1FE672F9A97E2" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1918]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AE7DFC694EB810FEC1FE672F4C97B8" box="[197,296,384,410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
ZFMK 9362San Carlos,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30283CE694EB810FC62FE672D7797B8" box="[614,787,384,410]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fernando Poo</collectingCountry>
|
||
(today Bioko Island),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30283CE694EB810FA41FE672B4C97B8" box="[1093,1320,384,410]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, leg. M. Eisentraut,
|
||
<date id="FFABE59E694EB810FF18FE412FFC97E2" box="[284,408,422,448]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1962-10-15">15.X.1962</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132EDFDB694EB810FFACFE412F9497E2" box="[424,496,422,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1075,1099]" captionTargetBox="[499,1093,204,1059]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[491,1096,178,1067]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neotype of Tiliqua fernandi Burton, 1836 from Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea (ZFMK 9362)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186544/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30F90D5694EB810FEC2FE2A2DB89548" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAC35E694EB810FEC2FE2A2DE2948A" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1918]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9611F4C694EB810FEC2FE2A2F2C97C5" bold="true" box="[198,328,461,487]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C15B8DD694EB810FF57FE2A2CA797C4" box="[339,707,461,486]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lepidothyris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fernandi" subSpecies="fernandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9611F4C694EB810FF57FE2A2CA797C4" box="[339,707,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lepidothyris fernandi fernandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a large skink, with a short but wide head and a rounded snout; eye relatively large with a round pupil; ear opening more or less oval and well visible, without lobuli; body stout and subcylindrical; four limbs, relatively short but strong, with five thin toes; tail just as stout as the body, about half of the total length and tapering smoothly, and despite its apparent stoutness easy to autotomize; body scales strongly keeled, with three keels on the dorsal scales up to five keels on the lateral scales; there are between 31 and 34 scale rows around midbody.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAC35E694EB810FEC1FD522DB89548" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1918]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9611F4C694EB810FEC1FD522F0094ED" bold="true" box="[197,356,693,719]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
Vividly red and black, above with darker shades because there every scale is framed dark; lateral side of the head, between ear opening and forelimb, shows one to three brighter blotches, separated by darker lines or bars; flanks ground coloured red to orange, with irregular black V–shaped bars and blotches and speckled with white, yellow and blue; tail ground coloured black, speckled white in adult, in juveniles and subadults speckled or bared blue; no sexual dimorphism in colouration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30F90D5694EB810FEC1FC912A2C915C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAC35E694EB810FEC1FC912C4B9209" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1918]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9611F4C694EB810FEC1FC912F6595B2" bold="true" box="[197,257,886,912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Size.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF84BEAF694EB810FF0EFC912F9195B2" box="[266,501,886,912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" refString="Angel, F., Guibe, J. & Lamotte, M. (1954) La Reserve naturelle integrale du Mont Nimba, Lezards. Memoires de l'institut francais d'Afrique noire, 40, 371 - 379." type="journal article">
|
||
Angel
|
||
<emphasis id="B9611F4C694EB810FF59FC902FF795B2" box="[349,403,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1954)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave a maximum total size of 420.0 mm. The maximum total size given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF84BEAF694EB810FE93FC7A2FE59595" box="[151,385,925,951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" refString="Spawls, S., Howell, K., Drewes, R. & Ashe, J. (2002) A field guide to the reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, London, 543 pp." type="book">
|
||
Spawls
|
||
<emphasis id="B9611F4C694EB810FEF6FC7A2F419594" box="[242,293,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is about 380.0 mm, with an average between 250.0 and 330.0 mm. But it is likely that this is a reference to the east African population, which is recognized as a new species in this publication. The maximum snout–vent length of the analysed specimens is
|
||
<quantity id="4CED6EBB694EB810FD6DFC0D2D8D9226" box="[873,1001,1002,1028]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6119999999999997" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="161.2">161.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, average is
|
||
<quantity id="4CED6EBB694EB810FA78FC0D2A989226" box="[1148,1276,1002,1028]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.411" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="141.1">141.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Females are smaller than males (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF84BEAF694EB810FF86FBF62C469209" author="Dunger" box="[386,546,1041,1067]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Dunger, G. T. (1973) The lizards and snakes of Nigeria. Part 7. The Nigerian Field, Lagos, 38, 54 - 80." type="journal article" year="1973">Dunger 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAC35E694EB810FEC2FBD02B7D904D" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1918]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9611F4C694EB810FEC2FBD02C419273" bold="true" box="[198,549,1079,1105]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AE7DFC694EB810FFB2FBD02C459273" box="[438,545,1079,1105]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Snout–vent length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CED6EBB694EB810FD18FBDF2DFD9270" box="[796,921,1080,1106]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.422" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="142.2">142.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; tail reduced,
|
||
<quantity id="4CED6EBB694EB810FA43FBDF2AA09270" box="[1095,1220,1080,1106]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3059999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="130.6">130.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head length
|
||
<quantity id="4CED6EBB694EB810FB6DFBDF2EAD925A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.73" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="27.3">27.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head wide
|
||
<quantity id="4CED6EBB694EB810FF5DFBB92FAD925A" box="[345,457,1118,1144]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.37" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="23.7">23.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head height
|
||
<quantity id="4CED6EBB694EB810FC6EFBB92CBD925A" box="[618,729,1118,1144]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="18.2">18.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body stout, subcylindrical; there are 31 scales around the body and 57 scales longitudinal ventral scales; limbs short and strong with five toes, dark above, light brownbeige below; 4th fingers with eleven digits on both sides, 4th toe with 13 digits on both sides; ear opening oval, well visible, without ear lobules, its height ca. ½ of the width of the eye opening, vertically higher than broad, tympanum visible only on the right side; lower eyelid with two scale rows; dorsal body scales keeled with two to three keels; dorsal tail scales moderately triple–keeled; lateral body scales and scales on the tail smooth; head distinctly set off from body; size of eye opening ¾ the length of the distance from the posterior edge of the eye to the ear opening; distance from tip of snout to anterior edge of eye as long as the distance from posterior edge of eye to ear; occipital scale lacking; no parietal organ visible; frontal scale twice as long as broad; two frontoparietal scales at the anterior side of the frontal scale; one frontonasal scale; two internasal scales; rostral scale broader than high; two nasal scales of equal size, nostril between the nasal scales; two loreal scales, anterior higher than the posterior on the right side, posterior very small on the left side; two preocular scales; four supraocular and seven supraciliar scales; eight supralabial and eight sublabial scales on each side; mental scale broader than high; three pairs of submaxillary scales, the first one is entire.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAAC35E694EB810FEC1F99C2A2C915C" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1918]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9611F4C694EB810FEC1F99C2F0790B7" bold="true" box="[197,355,1659,1685]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
Head and back red to red–brown; on the back every scale is bordered dark, leaving a dorsal surface with uniform dark rows of pentagons; supralabial scales red, bordered black posteriorly; mental scale red, sublabial scales black with a white dot in each scale; colouration of the lateral sides of the body mainly dark especially between ear opening and forelimb, between the limbs black and red stripes are visible, most scales with white dots; lateral side of tail lined horizontally white and black, where the white lines are made up of black scales with white dots; belly dirty white to brownish; scales on the throat dark with a white dot, leaving the surface of the throat with uniform black and white longitudinal lines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |