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<mods:title id="14FE3BC8DFF9C00AE30EEA6B2C0DA834">Revision of the genus Amazunculus Rafael (Diptera: Pipunculidae), with description of six new species</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36B3526AFFF9FF2D3946FE0DF8C2" blockId="1.[151,479,1831,1858]" box="[151,479,1831,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
<heading id="D0E781DF526AFFF9FF2D3946FE0DF8C2" bold="true" box="[151,479,1831,1858]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C104D30526AFFF9FF2D3946FE0DF8C2" ID-CoL="TD3" ID-ENA="2863818" authority="Rafael, 1986" authorityName="Rafael" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,479,1831,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Amazunculus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAA1526AFFF9FF2D3946FE0DF8C2" bold="true" box="[151,479,1831,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="B964EAA1526AFFF9FF2D3946FEEFF8C1" bold="true" box="[151,317,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Amazunculus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B42526AFFF9FEFE3949FE0DF8C2" author="Rafael, J. A." box="[324,479,1832,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" pagination="15 - 19" refId="ref13824" refString="Rafael, J. A. (1986) Amazunculus, a new genus from the Amazon basin (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Amazoniana, 10 (1), 15 - 19." type="journal article" year="1986">Rafael, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36B3526AFFF9FF2D390FFD34F804" blockId="1.[151,1436,1902,2016]" box="[151,742,1902,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB00119D526AFFF9FF2D390FFD34F804" box="[151,742,1902,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
<taxonomicName id="4C104D30526AFFF9FF2D390FFEB1F804" authority="" box="[151,355,1902,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Dorilas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Eudorylas">
<emphasis id="B964EAA1526AFFF9FF2D390FFEB1F804" box="[151,355,1902,1924]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Dorilas (Eudorylas)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB110A2526AFFF9FECA390FFDF6F804" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[368,548,1902,1924]" page="442" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" year="1950">
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B42526AFFF9FECA390FFE20F804" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[368,498,1902,1924]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" pagination="433 - 448" refId="ref13582" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1950) Neotropical Dorilaidae Studies. Part 2 (Pipunculidae, Diptera). Revista de Entomologia, 21 (3), 433 - 448." type="journal article" year="1950">Hardy, 1950</bibRefCitation>
: 442
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 6 ad (
<emphasis id="B964EAA1526AFFF9FD1C3911FD02F805" box="[678,720,1904,1925]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">part</emphasis>
.).
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<paragraph id="8BAF36B3526AFFF9FF2D39ECFDD4F823" blockId="1.[151,1436,1902,2016]" box="[151,518,1933,1955]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="B964EAA1526AFFF9FF2D39ECFF2DF823" box="[151,255,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Eudorylas</emphasis>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B42526AFFF9FEB639ECFE58F823" author="Aczel, M." box="[268,394,1933,1955]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" pagination="237 - 251" refId="ref13381" refString="Aczel, M. (1952) Catalogo de la Familia Dorilaidae (Pipunculidae) de la region Neotropical. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 15, 237 - 251." type="journal article" year="1952">Aczél, 1952</bibRefCitation>
: 242 (part.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36B3526AFFF9FF2D39CDFDA8F842" blockId="1.[151,1436,1902,2016]" box="[151,634,1964,1986]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D30526AFFF9FF2D39CDFE5BF842" authority="" box="[151,393,1964,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Eudorylas">
<emphasis id="B964EAA1526AFFF9FF2D39CDFEDBF842" box="[151,265,1964,1986]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Pipunculus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B964EAA1526AFFF9FEAD39CDFEADF842" box="[279,383,1964,1986]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Eudorylas</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB110A2526AFFF9FE2F39CDFDFEF842" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[405,556,1964,1986]" page="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B42526AFFF9FE2F39CDFDC4F842" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[405,534,1964,1986]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref13616" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1966) Family Pipunculidae (Dorilaidae). In: A catalog of the Diptera of the South of the United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 15." type="book chapter" year="1966">Hardy, 1966</bibRefCitation>
: 3
</treatmentCitation>
(
<emphasis id="B964EAA1526AFFF9FD8139CCFDB7F842" box="[571,613,1965,1986]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">part</emphasis>
.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36B3526AFFF9FF2D39ABFA4EF860" blockId="1.[151,1436,1902,2016]" box="[151,1436,1994,2016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB00119D526AFFF9FF2D39ABFA4EF860" box="[151,1436,1994,2016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
<taxonomicName id="4C104D30526AFFF9FF2D39ABFE02F860" ID-CoL="TD3" authority="Rafael, 1986: 16" authorityName="Rafael" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,464,1994,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Amazunculus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAA1526AFFF9FF2D39ABFECCF860" box="[151,286,1994,2016]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Amazunculus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AB110A2526AFFF9FE9F39ABFE02F860" author="Rafael, J. A." box="[293,464,1994,2016]" page="16" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B42526AFFF9FE9F39ABFE78F860" author="Rafael, J. A." box="[293,426,1994,2016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" pagination="15 - 19" refId="ref13824" refString="Rafael, J. A. (1986) Amazunculus, a new genus from the Amazon basin (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Amazoniana, 10 (1), 15 - 19." type="journal article" year="1986">Rafael, 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 16
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 16;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB110A2526AFFF9FD8739ABFC98F860" author="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Rosa, M. S. S." box="[573,842,1994,2016]" page="343" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B42526AFFF9FD8739ABFCC5F860" author="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Rosa, M. S. S." box="[573,791,1994,2016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" pagination="337 - 350" refId="ref13971" refString="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Rosa, M. S. S. (1991) Pipunculidae (Diptera) da estacao ecologica de Maraca e da localidade de Pacaraima, Roraima, Brasil. Acta Amazonica, 21, 337 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 43921991211350" type="journal article" year="1991">Rafael &amp; Rosa, 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 343
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 2631, 35;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB110A2526AFFF9FC4D39AAFB11F860" author="De Meyer, M." box="[1015,1219,1994,2016]" page="44" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B42526AFFF9FC4D39AAFB72F860" author="De Meyer, M." box="[1015,1184,1994,2016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 127" refId="ref13487" refString="De Meyer, M. (1996) World catalogue of Pipunculidae (Diptera). Documents de Travail de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 86, 1 - 127." type="journal article" year="1996">De Meyer, 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 44
</treatmentCitation>
(cat.); Skevington &amp;
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36B35269FFFAFF7D3EF8FD20FF6B" blockId="2.[151,1435,152,235]" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B425269FFFAFF7D3EF8FE9CFF2E" author="Skevington, J. H. &amp; Yeates, D. K." box="[199,334,152,174]" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" pagination="421 - 452" refId="ref14163" refString="Skevington, J. H. &amp; Yeates, D. K. (2001) Phylogenetic classification of Eudorylini (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Systematic Entomology, 26 (4), 421 - 452. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 0307 - 6970.2001.00160. x" type="journal article" year="2001">Yeates, 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 429, figs
<date id="FFAE10735269FFFAFE033EF9FE02FF2E" box="[441,464,152,174]" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">3I</date>
, 4A, 5H, 5J, 6H, 7E;
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B425269FFFAFD0B3EF9FC63FF2E" author="Galinkin, J. &amp; Rafael, J. A." box="[689,945,152,174]" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" pagination="517 - 524" refId="ref13521" refString="Galinkin, J. &amp; Rafael, J. A. (2008) Revisao do genero neotropical Amazunculus Rafael (Diptera: Pipunculidae) com descricao de tres novas especies e chave de identificacao. Acta Amazonica, 38 (3), 517 - 524. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0044 - 59672008000300017" type="journal article" year="2008">Galinkin &amp; Rafael, 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 517, figs 115;
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B425269FFFAFBE53EF9FAA3FF2E" author="Rodriguez, H. C. &amp; Rafael, J. A." box="[1119,1393,152,174]" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" refId="ref14029" refString="Rodriguez, H. C. &amp; Rafael, J. A. (2012) Pipunculidae (Diptera) of Latin America and the Caribbean: A Catalog of species with notes on biology and Pipunculid-Host associations. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing GmbH &amp; Co. KG, Saarbrucken, 56 pp." type="book" year="2012">Rodriguez &amp; Rafael, 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 14;
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B425269FFFAFF7D3ED6FE16FF4C" author="Marques, D. W. A. &amp; Rafael, J. A." box="[199,452,182,204]" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" refId="ref13760" refString="Marques, D. W. A. &amp; Rafael, J. A. (2018) Pipunculidae. In: Catalogo Taxonomico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available from: http: // fauna. jbrj. gov. br / fauna / listaBrasil / PrincipalUC / PrincipalUC. do? lingua = pt (accessed 29 March 2018)" type="url" year="2018">Marques &amp; Rafael, 2018</bibRefCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54AB88115269FFFAFF2D3EB7FF1BFF6B" box="[151,201,214,235]" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C104D305269FFFAFE9C3EB4FD3CFF6B" ID-CoL="8BVCV" authority="Hardy, 1950" authorityName="D. E. Hardy" authorityYear="1950" box="[294,750,213,235]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Dorilas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platypodus" subGenus="Eudorylas">
<emphasis id="B964EAA15269FFFAFE9C3EB4FEA1FF6B" box="[294,371,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Dorilas</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B964EAA15269FFFAFE383EB4FE38FF6B" box="[386,490,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Eudorylas</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B964EAA15269FFFAFE433EB4FDBAFF6B" box="[505,616,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">platypodus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B425269FFFAFDD43EB4FD3CFF6B" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[622,750,213,235]" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" pagination="433 - 448" refId="ref13582" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1950) Neotropical Dorilaidae Studies. Part 2 (Pipunculidae, Diptera). Revista de Entomologia, 21 (3), 433 - 448." type="journal article" year="1950">Hardy, 1950</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A65385269FFFAFF2D3F76FEB3FCAB" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAF36B35269FFFAFF2D3F76FEB3FCAB" blockId="2.[151,1437,279,991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="B964EAA15269FFFAFF2D3F76FEC3FEB0" bold="true" box="[151,273,279,304]" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Large bodied flies, body length
<quantity id="4CE89B565269FFFAFD393F76FCDFFEAF" box="[643,781,279,304]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" metricValueMax="8.4" metricValueMin="5.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" unit="mm" value="7.15" valueMax="8.4" valueMin="5.9">5.98.4 mm</quantity>
, wing length 7.0
<quantity id="4CE89B565269FFFAFC623F79FBE3FEAF" box="[984,1073,280,304]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" unit="mm" value="9.4">9.4 mm</quantity>
; eyes holoptic; postpedicel with obtuse to rounded apex; dorsocentral and scutellar setae diminutive; scutellum rugose on posterior third; propleura without setae; rows of ventral spines present on fore and mid femora; well-developed setae on posterior surfaces of all femora, longer and denser on mid femora; hind tarsi enlarged and flattened; pterostigma present; basal third of wing usually brown infuscated (only slightly infuscated in some species and completely hyaline in others); crossvein r-m placed near basal third of cell dm; crossvein dm-m curved; vein M
<subScript id="179434F65269FFFAFB9E3FBAFBFEFE69" attach="left" box="[1060,1068,475,489]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">2</subScript>
absent; abdomen wide and oval, with inconspicuous pilosity, pruinose; tergite 1 narrow, without long lateral setae; tergite 2 with lateral setae as long as setae on tergite 1; male terminalia with tergite 6 and sternite 7 visible dorsally; syntergosternite 8 with membranous area (except in
<taxonomicName id="4C104D305269FFFAFE5B3C5AFCF8FDD3" authority="Galinkin &amp; Rafael" authorityName="Galinkin &amp; Rafael" box="[481,810,570,595]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Amazunculus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duckei">
<emphasis id="B964EAA15269FFFAFE5B3C5AFD99FDD3" box="[481,587,571,595]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">A. duckei</emphasis>
Galinkin &amp; Rafael
</taxonomicName>
); epandrium swollen, partially visible dorsally on right side; surstyli symmetrical or subsymmetrical, fused or not with epandrium, with proximal, dorsal surface distinctively elevated; hypandrium invaginated at the fusion point with the subepandrial sclerite; membranous apodeme of the hypandrium/subepandrial sclerite present; phallic guide distinctly widened proximally; phallus single, apically swollen and membranous, usually with subapical protuberances; phallus with a paired process at base, usually large and surpassing posterior margin of hypandrium; sperm pump hemispherical; female ovipositor short and straight.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A65385269FFFAFF7D3D57FB7FFC5F" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAF36B35269FFFAFF7D3D57FB7FFC5F" blockId="2.[151,1437,279,991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="B964EAA15269FFFAFF7D3D57FE8BFCCF" bold="true" box="[199,345,822,847]" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132B2A365269FFFAFED63D57FE03FCCF" box="[364,465,822,847]" captionStart="FIGURE 184" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1986,2008]" captionTargetBox="[242,1345,813,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[242,1345,813,1959]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 184. Distribution of all Amazunculus specimens, including unidentified female specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632295/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Fig. 184</figureCitation>
). Based on the material examined in the revision by
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B425269FFFAFB843D57FAB9FCCF" author="Galinkin, J. &amp; Rafael, J. A." box="[1086,1387,822,847]" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" pagination="517 - 524" refId="ref13521" refString="Galinkin, J. &amp; Rafael, J. A. (2008) Revisao do genero neotropical Amazunculus Rafael (Diptera: Pipunculidae) com descricao de tres novas especies e chave de identificacao. Acta Amazonica, 38 (3), 517 - 524. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0044 - 59672008000300017" type="journal article" year="2008">Galinkin &amp; Rafael (2008)</bibRefCitation>
, the genus has been recorded from the following countries:
<collectingCountry id="F30776235269FFFAFC8C3D3BFC76FCF3" box="[822,932,858,883]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D4F8515269FFFAFC003D3AFBD6FCF3" box="[954,1028,859,883]" country="Colombia" name="Cauca" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Cauca</collectingRegion>
, Amazonas) and
<collectingCountry id="F30776235269FFFAFB633D3BFACFFCF3" box="[1241,1309,858,883]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D4F8515269FFFAFA893D3BFA4AFCF3" box="[1331,1432,858,883]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Roraima</collectingRegion>
, Amazonas,
<collectingRegion id="49D4F8515269FFFAFE983D1EFE8BFC17" box="[290,345,895,919]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Pará</collectingRegion>
). New records reported herein are:
<collectingCountry id="F30776235269FFFAFCB03DE1FCB1FC17" box="[778,867,896,919]" name="Panama" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Panama</collectingCountry>
(Canal Zone),
<collectingCountry id="F30776235269FFFAFB9A3D1FFB41FC17" box="[1056,1171,894,919]" name="Venezuela" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D4F8515269FFFAFB133D1EFAF7FC17" box="[1193,1317,895,919]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F30776235269FFFAFA853D1FFA4EFC17" box="[1343,1436,894,919]" name="Ecuador" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D4F8515269FFFAFF253DC2FF33FC3B" box="[159,225,931,955]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Napo</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F30776235269FFFAFF463DC2FEE2FC3A" box="[252,304,931,954]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Peru</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D4F8515269FFFAFEFD3DC3FDD3FC3B" box="[327,513,930,955]" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
) and extending the records from
<collectingCountry id="F30776235269FFFAFC123DC3FC3EFC3B" box="[936,1004,930,955]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Brazil</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingRegion id="49D4F8515269FFFAFB9B3DC2FB88FC3B" box="[1057,1114,931,955]" country="Brazil" name="Acre" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Acre</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D4F8515269FFFAFBD43DC3FB09FC3B" box="[1134,1243,930,955]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Rondônia</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49D4F8515269FFFAFA993DC3FA4AFC3B" box="[1315,1432,930,955]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Maranhão</collectingRegion>
; additionally, to
<collectingCountry id="F30776235269FFFAFEFF3DA7FE39FC5F" box="[325,491,966,991]" name="French Guiana" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
(paper submitted to Zoosystema) based on a female specimen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>