405 lines
43 KiB
XML
405 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document id="C669DFC43893E11AC2B3F1567B5E6EFD" ID-CLB-Dataset="27992" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4570.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="66601a1e-ba16-41b2-b182-0fd80e75ccba" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2608527" ID-ZooBank="EF369E98-EBD9-4647-B081-65AD1794A27C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553591750157" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Soto, Joan J. & Peña, Álvaro L." docDate="2019" docId="03B887B7A45EFFC3E983F9DAFA849F02" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4570.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4570 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Billardia subrufa" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="FF81FFCFA46EFFF2E914FFEFFFBB9B7E" masterDocTitle="Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica)" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1698713421926" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F824C9C5F077B9ACE1864BE032AE18F4">
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<mods:title id="85995A1196D0EFDAC698FF181689E43C">Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0F2883A285CDCA2AD6D4EB6C52FA416B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3CC365C923FD74039BE00790BD8A3269">Soto, Joan J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="49B9FD27E8BACB729370C4BDBF70A8CA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CA544285083F117A4F44D697ADC17AD1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F205C90F3FAB182786D01E6DBCC86899">Peña, Álvaro L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B7D7ACA93EC49ADA514272624D13ABD8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="AFC62C1C0F02D53270BD944AE4D29AC4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="EE9923D75ADBFCBDE5245BE881A4AFB2">
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<mods:date id="4CD5F44F2E48BE98F92A678E69AACE85">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F7656743DEA7E430B105CEDC1B73F7CC">2019-03-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2E7CC0DB5436A8FCF77605264603A883">4570</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="4EE92D64722FB804CE591CCAA112F87B" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="176BEED41DF1D2035BDB50EF9087264D">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="DEAFD7FA7F22540FBE12EB6F67DB7271">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="AD2CDE058FE2DAD36EB74BBB410B9568" type="CLB-Dataset">27992</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3E64A98820CB88DFDF5E989C6942D9EE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4570.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2C84F6A4BCA75DEF85E9976458044CC1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B887B7A45EFFC3E983F9DAFA849F02" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5935027" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154497157" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5935027" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B887B7A45EFFC3E983F9DAFA849F02" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887B7A45EFFC3E983F9DAFA849F02" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="C30B652AA45EFFC2E983F9DAFDE89D31" box="[151,595,1589,1615]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A45EFFC2E983F9DAFDE89D31" blockId="48.[151,595,1589,1648]" box="[151,595,1589,1615]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<heading id="D0E681CDA45EFFC2E983F9DAFDE89D31" bold="true" box="[151,595,1589,1615]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45EFFC2E983F9DAFDE89D31" ID-CoL="5WL5V" authority="(Jaderholm, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Jaderholm" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[151,595,1589,1615]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Billardia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="subrufa">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2E983F9DAFDE89D31" bold="true" box="[151,595,1589,1615]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2E983F9DAFED39D31" bold="true" box="[151,360,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Billardia subrufa</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A45EFFC2E863F9DAFDF09D31" author="Jaderholm, E." box="[375,587,1589,1615]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref42901" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1904) Mitteilungen ueber einige von der Schwedischen Antarctic-Expedition 1901 - 1903 eingesammelte Hydroiden. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, Series 4, 3 (Notes et revue 1), 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1904">Jäderholm, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30B652AA45EFFC2E983F9B8FEA69D0E" box="[151,285,1623,1648]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A45EFFC2E983F9B8FEA69D0E" blockId="48.[151,595,1589,1648]" box="[151,285,1623,1648]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132A2A24A45EFFC2E98BF9B8FF5A9D0E" box="[159,225,1623,1648]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,275,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1437,265,1860]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 7. a Lafoeina longitheca: hydrotheca. b–c Stegella lobata: b stem showing hydrothecal arrangement; c gonotheca. d Phialella belgicae: hydrotheca. e–h Campanularia hicksoni: e general view of the colony; f hydrotheca; g pioneer polyp showing planula attachment; h gonotheca. i–j Campanularia sp.: i hydrotheca; j developing gonotheca. k–m Billardia subrufa: k general view of a colony growing on Oswaldella erratum; l stem showing hydrothecal arrangement; m gonothecae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608541/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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k–m)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30B652AA45EFFC3E983F970FA9D99B2" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A45EFFC3E983F970FA9D99B2" blockId="48.[151,1437,1695,2009]" lastBlockId="49.[151,1437,151,1149]" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2E983F970FE389DC6" bold="true" box="[151,387,1695,1720]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2E898F94FFDBB9DC6" box="[396,512,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ANT XV/3</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2EB06F970FDFE9DC6" bold="true" box="[530,581,1695,1720]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">48-4</emphasis>
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, one colony, c.
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<quantity id="4CE99B44A45EFFC2EBEBF970FCEB9DC9" box="[767,848,1695,1720]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
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high;
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||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2EA88F970FC749DC6" bold="true" box="[924,975,1695,1720]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">48-5</emphasis>
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, some stems, up to
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||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45EFFC2EDADF970FAB19DC9" box="[1209,1290,1695,1720]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
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high, on
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45EFFC2EC6EF94FFEB09DA2" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="unifurcata">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2EC6EF94FFEB09DA2" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sc. unifurcata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45EFFC2E80CF92AFEC79DA3" baseAuthorityName="Vanhoffen" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[280,380,1732,1757]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Stegella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lobata">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2E80CF92AFEC79DA3" box="[280,380,1732,1757]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">S. lobata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and sponge, with gonothecae;
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||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2EBC2F92BFCAC9DA3" bold="true" box="[726,791,1732,1757]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">48-27</emphasis>
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||
, one colony, c.
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||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45EFFC2EADCF92BFBAC9DA2" box="[968,1047,1732,1756]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
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||
high, and some stems, up to
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||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45EFFC2EC48F92BFA269DA2" box="[1372,1437,1732,1757]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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||
high, on
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45EFFC2E9EDF906FEC29C7E" authorityName="von Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1885" box="[249,377,1767,1792]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="generale">
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||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2E9EDF906FEC29C7E" box="[249,377,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. generale</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2E893F908FE729C7E" bold="true" box="[391,457,1767,1792]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">48-44</emphasis>
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||
, some stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45EFFC2EBB0F908FD489D81" box="[676,755,1767,1792]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45EFFC2EA4EF907FC069C7E" baseAuthorityName="Vanhoffen" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[858,957,1767,1792]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Stegella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lobata">
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||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2EA4EF907FC069C7E" box="[858,957,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">S. lobata</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and polychaete tube, with gonothecae;
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||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2EC62F908FF089C5B" bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">48- 63</emphasis>
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||
, one colony, c.
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||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45EFFC2E870F8E3FE089C5A" box="[356,435,1804,1828]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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||
high;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2E8EFF8E3FD879C5B" bold="true" box="[507,572,1804,1829]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">48-70</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
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||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45EFFC2EBFAF8E3FC869C5A" box="[750,829,1804,1828]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
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||
high, with gonothecae;
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||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2ED5FF8E3FB379C5B" bold="true" box="[1099,1164,1804,1829]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">48-72</emphasis>
|
||
, several stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45EFFC2EC94F8E3FF789C39" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
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||
high, on sponge, with gonothecae;
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||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2EB44F8C0FD2A9C36" bold="true" box="[592,657,1839,1864]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">48-77</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45EFFC2EA55F8C0FC2B9C39" box="[833,912,1839,1864]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
high;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2EAC3F8C0FBA39C36" bold="true" box="[983,1048,1839,1864]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">48-82</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45EFFC2EDDCF8DFFA9F9C39" box="[1224,1316,1840,1864]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, with developing gonothecae and few stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45EFFC2EB8CF8BBFD539C12" box="[664,744,1876,1900]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45EFFC2EA41F8BAFC4D9C13" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda & Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" box="[853,1014,1876,1901]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polarsterni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2EA41F8BAFC4D9C13" box="[853,1014,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">St. polarsterni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2ED11F8BBFBEE9C13" bold="true" box="[1029,1109,1876,1901]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">48-154</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45EFFC2EC1EF8BBFAE19C12" box="[1290,1370,1876,1901]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
high;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2E983F898FF5D9CEE" bold="true" box="[151,230,1911,1936]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">48-168</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45EFFC2E88DF897FE4C9CF1" box="[409,503,1912,1936]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="130.0">130 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, with gonothecae;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2EA12F898FCED9CEE" bold="true" box="[774,854,1911,1936]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">48-194</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45EFFC2ED1CF898FBE39CF1" box="[1032,1112,1911,1936]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
high;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2EDB4F898FB4B9CEE" bold="true" box="[1184,1264,1911,1936]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">48-197</emphasis>
|
||
, several stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45EFFC2E9CDF873FE929CCA" box="[217,297,1948,1972]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on dead octocoral, with gonothecae, and some stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45EFFC2ED0CF873FBDC9CCA" box="[1048,1127,1948,1972]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45EFFC2EDC0F873FAE49CCB" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" box="[1236,1375,1948,1973]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2EDC0F873FAE49CCB" box="[1236,1375,1948,1973]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Eudendrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.1;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2E983F82FFF5D9CA7" bold="true" box="[151,230,1984,2009]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">48-222</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45EFFC2E88EF82FFE439CA6" box="[410,504,1984,2009]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 mm</quantity>
|
||
high;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2EB54F82FFD349CA7" bold="true" box="[576,655,1984,2009]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">48-276</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45EFFC2EA57F82FFC1A9CA6" box="[835,929,1984,2008]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="190.0">190 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, with gonothecae, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45EFFC2EDC1F82EFA8D9CA6" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda & Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[1237,1334,1985,2008]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2EDC1F82EFA8D9CA6" box="[1237,1334,1985,2008]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sc. nana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45EFFC2EC51F82FFA2E9CA7" bold="true" box="[1349,1429,1984,2009]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">48-297</emphasis>
|
||
, several stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3E86EFF78FE739BD1" box="[378,456,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on ascidian, with gonothecae;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EA74FF77FC5E9BCE" box="[864,997,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ANT XVII/3</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EAE0FF78FB8B9BCE" bold="true" box="[1012,1072,151,176]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">111-5</emphasis>
|
||
, some stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EC1AFF77FAE69BD1" box="[1294,1373,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3E9AEFF52FEE39BAA" authorityName="Pena Cantero & Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[186,344,189,212]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3E9AEFF52FEE39BAA" box="[186,344,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">O. terranovae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3E873FF53FE1F9BAB" bold="true" box="[359,420,188,213]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">111-6</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EB4CFF53FD139BAA" box="[600,680,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, with gonothecae;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EAACFF53FC4E9BAB" bold="true" box="[952,1013,188,213]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">111-9</emphasis>
|
||
, few stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EDD2FF53FAAD9BAA" box="[1222,1302,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3EC95FF52FEA99B86" authorityName="Pena Cantero & Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EC95FF52FEA99B86" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">O. terranovae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3E85DFF0FFE179B86" baseAuthorityName="Vanhoffen" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[329,428,223,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Stegella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3E85DFF0FFE179B86" box="[329,428,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3E8A8FF30FDBC9B86" bold="true" box="[444,519,223,248]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">111-18</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EBAFFF30FCB19B89" box="[699,778,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, with gonothecae, and numerous stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EC59FF0FFA269B89" box="[1357,1437,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3E9EAFEEAFE269A62" authorityName="Pena Cantero & Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[254,413,261,284]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3E9EAFEEAFE269A62" box="[254,413,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">O. terranovae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3E8B9FEEAFDAB9A62" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda & Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[429,528,261,284]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3E8B9FEEAFDAB9A62" box="[429,528,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Sc. nana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and polychaete tube, with gonothecae;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EACCFEEBFBED9A62" box="[984,1110,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ANT XXI/2</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3ED73FEEBFB7C9A63" bold="true" box="[1127,1223,260,285]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PS65/39</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EC94FEEBFF789A41" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
high;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3E819FEC8FEC09A3E" bold="true" box="[269,379,295,320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PS65/121</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EB27FEC7FD389A41" box="[563,643,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, and few stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EAD0FEC7FBAE9A41" box="[964,1045,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3ED97FEC7FB5E9A3E" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda & Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[1155,1253,296,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3ED97FEC7FB5E9A3E" box="[1155,1253,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Sc. nana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EDE1FEC8FADF9A3E" bold="true" box="[1269,1380,295,320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PS65/132</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3E81BFEA3FEDA9A1A" box="[271,353,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on bryozoan, with gonothecae;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EA03FEA3FC3D9A1B" bold="true" box="[791,902,332,357]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PS65/148</emphasis>
|
||
, few stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3ED74FEA3FB1F9A1A" box="[1120,1188,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3EC01FEA2FA2F9A1A" authorityName="Pena Cantero & Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" box="[1301,1428,333,356]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="erratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EC01FEA2FA2F9A1A" box="[1301,1428,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">O. erratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3E983FE80FEBE9AF6" bold="true" box="[151,261,367,392]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PS65/166</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3E8A9FE9FFDA09AF9" box="[445,539,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, with gonothecae;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EA24FE80FC249AF6" bold="true" box="[816,927,367,392]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PS65/174</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3ED42FE9FFB1C9AF9" box="[1110,1191,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3EC02FE9FFA2E9AF6" authorityName="Pena Cantero & Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" box="[1302,1429,368,392]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="erratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EC02FE9FFA2E9AF6" box="[1302,1429,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">O. erratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with gonothecae, and few stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EB5CFE7BFD2C9AD2" box="[584,663,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, with developing gonothecae;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3ED31FE7BFB2F9AD3" bold="true" box="[1061,1172,404,429]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PS65/175</emphasis>
|
||
, numerous stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3E983FE57FF489AB1" box="[151,243,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3E848FE57FE629AAE" authorityName="Pena Cantero & Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" box="[348,473,440,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="erratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3E848FE57FE629AAE" box="[348,473,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">O. erratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, octocoral, bryozoan and polychaete tube, with gonothecae;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3ED96FE58FB4A9AAE" bold="true" box="[1154,1265,439,464]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PS65/237</emphasis>
|
||
, several stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3E9C8FE33FE969A8A" box="[220,301,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3E88AFE32FDBA9A8A" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda & Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[414,513,477,500]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3E88AFE32FDBA9A8A" box="[414,513,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Sc. nana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3EB05FE32FDC39A8B" baseAuthorityName="Vanhoffen" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[529,632,476,501]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Stegella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EB05FE32FDC39A8B" box="[529,632,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and sponge, with gonothecae;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EACBFE33FBF59A8B" bold="true" box="[991,1102,476,501]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PS65/245</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EC1CFE33FAE29A8A" box="[1288,1369,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
high;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3E983FE10FEBD9966" bold="true" box="[151,262,511,536]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PS65/253</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3E8A8FDEFFDB69969" box="[444,525,512,536]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
high;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EB43FE10FD7D9966" bold="true" box="[599,710,511,536]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PS65/259</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EA69FE10FC759969" box="[893,974,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
|
||
high;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3ED0CFE10FB3C9966" bold="true" box="[1048,1159,511,536]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PS65/265</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EC29FDEFFA279969" box="[1341,1436,512,536]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="120.0">120 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, with gonothecae, and few stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EB8CFDCBFD529942" box="[664,745,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3EA43FDCAFC439943" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda & Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" box="[855,1016,548,573]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polarsterni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EA43FDCAFC439943" box="[855,1016,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">St. polarsterni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3ED1CFDCBFBCC9943" bold="true" box="[1032,1143,548,573]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PS65/274</emphasis>
|
||
, few stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EC58FDCBFA279942" box="[1356,1436,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3E9E9FDA7FE27991E" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[253,412,584,608]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="unifurcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3E9E9FDA7FE27991E" box="[253,412,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Sc. unifurcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3E8C2FDA7FDCC991E" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda & Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" box="[470,631,583,608]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polarsterni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3E8C2FDA7FDCC991E" box="[470,631,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">St. polarsterni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EB9CFDA8FD4D991E" bold="true" box="[648,758,583,608]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PS65/276</emphasis>
|
||
, few stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EAD8FDA8FBB49921" box="[972,1039,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3ED6BFDA7FB5F991E" baseAuthorityName="Vanhoffen" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1151,1252,583,608]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Stegella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3ED6BFDA7FB5F991E" box="[1151,1252,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EDE1FDA8FADF991E" bold="true" box="[1269,1380,583,608]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PS65/278</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3E81EFD83FEE199FA" box="[266,346,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, and few stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EB84FD83FD5B99FA" box="[656,736,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on sponge;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EABCFD83FBAC99FB" bold="true" box="[936,1047,620,645]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PS65/279</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EDDCFD83FAA099FA" box="[1224,1307,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EC32FD83FA2E99FB" bold="true" box="[1318,1429,620,645]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PS65/280</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3E82AFD7FFE3499D9" box="[318,399,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
high;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3E8CDFD60FDFC99D6" bold="true" box="[473,583,655,680]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PS65/281</emphasis>
|
||
, one colony, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EBEAFD7FFCE699D9" box="[766,861,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="140.0">140 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on gravel and sponge, with gonothecae, and some stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3E872FD5BFE0E99B2" box="[358,437,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3EB0BFD5AFD0799B2" authorityName="Pena Cantero & Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[543,700,693,716]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EB0BFD5AFD0799B2" box="[543,700,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">O. terranovae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EBDFFD5BFC8299B3" bold="true" box="[715,825,692,717]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PS65/336</emphasis>
|
||
, few stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3ED11FD5BFBEE99B2" box="[1029,1109,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, on
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EDAAFD5AFA9D99B2" box="[1214,1318,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3EDAAFD5AFA9999B2" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda & Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[1214,1314,693,716]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nana">Sc. nana</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30B652AA45FFFC3E9D3FD38FD1B9F4B" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A45FFFC3E9D3FD38FD1B9F4B" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3E9D3FD38FE80998E" bold="true" box="[199,315,727,752]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Similarly to the process described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3EBFEFD37FCF7998E" baseAuthorityName="Vanhoffen" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[746,844,727,752]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Stegella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EBFEFD37FCF7998E" box="[746,844,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, several specimens have been observed using a wide range of basibionts as substrate (octocorals, hydroids or polychaete tubes, among others). Large colonies are seen in many cases growing on its basibiont until overgrowing entirely the host colony, which is completely indiscernible unless a cross section is done. We suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3EA42FCAAFC769823" baseAuthorityName="Jaderholm" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[854,973,836,861]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Billardia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="subrufa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EA42FCAAFC769823" box="[854,973,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">B. subrufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might behave as an aggressive epibiont species that uses a basibiont to reach large sizes, as it is known from the zoantharian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3ED4BFC88FE1498DB" authority="(Bertoloni, 1819) (Zibrowius 1985)" authorityName="Zibrowius" authorityYear="1985" baseAuthorityName="Bertoloni" baseAuthorityYear="1819" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Savalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="savaglia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3ED4BFC88FAA198FE" box="[1119,1306,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Savalia savaglia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A45FFFC3EC3EFC88FF6B98DA" author="Bertoloni, A." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref40941" refString="Bertoloni, A. (1819) Amoenitates italicae sistentes opuscula ad rem herbariam et zoologiam Italiae spectantia. Typis Annesii de Nobilibus, Bologna, 472 pp." type="book" year="1819">Bertoloni, 1819</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A45FFFC3E9FFFC63FE1C98DB" author="Zibrowius, H." box="[235,423,908,933]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="351 - 353" refId="ref47792" refString="Zibrowius, H. (1985) Comportement agressif du zoanthaire Gerardia savaglia contre le gorgonaire Paramuricea clavata (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Rapports et proces verbaux des reunions- Commission internationale pour l'exploration scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, Monaco, 29, 351 - 353." type="journal article" year="1985">Zibrowius 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As mentioned above, the relationship can be categorized as parasitism
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EDEBFC62FACF98DB" box="[1279,1396,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
, in which the epibiont is detrimental to the host but is not metabolically dependent upon it (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A45FFFC3EDAFFC40FAD098B6" author="Gili, J. M. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. & Bouillon, J." box="[1211,1387,943,968]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="624 - 631" refId="ref42397" refString="Gili, J. M., Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. & Bouillon, J. (2006) A new Antarctic association: the case of the hydroid Sarsia medelae (new sp.) associated with gorgonians. Polar Biology, 29 (7), 624 - 631. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 005 - 0098 - x" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Gili
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EDE4FC5EFA9198B6" box="[1264,1322,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and references therein). That assumption implies that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A45FFFC3EBDFFC3AFCFA9893" baseAuthorityName="Jaderholm" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[715,833,980,1005]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Billardia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="subrufa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EBDFFC3AFCFA9893" box="[715,833,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">B. subrufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should have a quicker growth rate than its host. The presence of horizontal growing by polysiphonic stems could enhance its colonizing efficiency. Further
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EC58FC16FA279F6E" box="[1356,1436,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
experiments are needed to test this hypothesis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30B652AA45FFFC3E9D3FBD0FA849F02" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A45FFFC3E9D3FBD0FA849F02" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3E9D3FBD0FE559F26" bold="true" box="[199,494,1087,1112]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Species collected at depths between 25 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A45FFFC3EAB8FBD0FBD19F26" author="Stepanjants, S. D." box="[940,1130,1087,1112]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="56 - 79" refId="ref47043" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1972) Hydroidea of the coastal waters of the Davis Sea (collected by the XIth Soviet Antarctic Expedition of 1965 - 1966). In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 5. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 11, 56 - 79. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1972">Stepanjants 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EDB3FBAFFB429F29" box="[1191,1273,1088,1112]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="1030.0">1030 m</quantity>
|
||
(Peña Cantero
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3E983FB8AFF759F03" box="[151,206,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004); present material from
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B44A45FFFC3EB00FB8BFD399F02" box="[532,642,1124,1149]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.225" metricValueMax="5.83" metricValueMin="0.62" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="322.5" valueMax="583.0" valueMin="62.0">62–583 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. Antarctic-Patagonian species (Peña Cantero
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A45FFFC3EDAEFB8AFB4A9F03" box="[1210,1265,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |