182 lines
24 KiB
XML
182 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="F6E34651416B1009658ADEE09ED8ADB7" ID-CLB-Dataset="39041" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3617.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6174b35e-3228-4d50-a6ed-844e244f8b64" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="248150" ID-ZooBank="4DCCD152-65DA-44A3-AB19-59811384E1E7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1463638623780" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Calcinai, Barbara, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Bertolino, Marco, Pica, Daniela, Wagner, Daniel & Cerrano, Carlo" docDate="2013" docId="03B7DE6C8A27F87FFF38C656FD3AC2C6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03617p061.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3617 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Spirastrella cunctatrix Schmidt 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FF8EA6148A2FF877FFAFC227FFC9C52C" masterDocTitle="Sponges associated with octocorals in the Indo-Pacific, with the description of four new species" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698662548627" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FE0EAC9D5AEDF6B85F5A8B83E4CECA3D">Sponges associated with octocorals in the Indo-Pacific, with the description of four new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4CB073B61D6154F188D35ED545A53650">Calcinai, Barbara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1C6296361FC6947C7F978FDBF00325ED">Bavestrello, Giorgio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F2CC5187874336C0036B8C9BF9336994">Bertolino, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5A7A2F06FEABDE10B432091A0E4FBDC5">Pica, Daniela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="004CC627EAEF41A15BF781933660CC0B">Wagner, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CDDA3792649F027505F505C1A96E1D16">Cerrano, Carlo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="80E3E148765FE15562A5CD1C3CA67BCA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03B7DE6C8A27F87FFF38C656FD3AC2C6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6156059" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120681986" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6156059" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7DE6C8A27F87FFF38C656FD3AC2C6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7DE6C8A27F87FFF38C656FD3AC2C6" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="C3043CF18A27F87FFF38C656FEEBC180" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A27F87FFF38C656FD4DC1A7" blockId="8.[151,710,1067,1196]" box="[151,644,1137,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0E9D8168A27F87FFF38C656FD4DC1A7" bold="true" box="[151,644,1137,1163]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A27F87FFF38C656FD4DC1A7" authority="Schmidt, 1868" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,644,1137,1163]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cunctatrix">
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<emphasis id="B96AB3688A27F87FFF38C656FD4DC1A7" bold="true" box="[151,644,1137,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B96AB3688A27F87FFF38C656FEEAC1A7" bold="true" box="[151,291,1137,1163]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spirastrella</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B96AB3688A27F87FFEE0C656FE03C1A7" bold="true" box="[335,458,1137,1163]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">cunctatrix</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A27F87FFE7DC656FD4DC1A7" author="Schmidt" box="[466,644,1137,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Schmidt, O. (1868) Die Spongien der Kuste von Algier. Mit Nachtragen zu den Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres (Drittes Supplement). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 44 pp." type="book" year="1868">Schmidt, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A27F87FFF38C6B3FEEBC180" blockId="8.[151,710,1067,1196]" box="[151,290,1172,1196]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A27F87FFF30C6B3FF2BC180" box="[159,226,1172,1196]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1460]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,195,1461]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spirastrella cf. cunctatrix Schmidt, 1868. A, Sponge encrusting Carijoa riisei on a bivalve shell; B, Spirasters II concentrated in a superficial crust; C, Tylostyles grouped in multispicular tracts and spirasters I and II scattered in the sponge tissue; D, Tylostyle; E, Spirasters I; F, Spirasters II; G, Tylostyle with spirasters I and II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248154/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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A–G)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3043CF18A27F87FFF38C6FBFD3AC2C6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A27F87FFF38C6FBFAD3C1D8" blockId="8.[151,1436,1244,2027]" box="[151,1306,1244,1269]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Examined material. Sample HL 162:
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<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A27F87FFD96C6FBFD53C1D8" box="[569,666,1244,1268]" name="Vietnam" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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, Hang Trai
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<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A27F87FFCB1C6FBFCACC1D8" box="[798,869,1244,1268]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Island</collectingCountry>
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, Hang Du II Lake,
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<quantity id="4CE6C29F8A27F87FFB92C6FBFBA3C1D8" box="[1085,1130,1244,1268]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFA049BA8A27F87FFBD9C6FBFADEC1D8" box="[1142,1303,1244,1268]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2004-04-26">26 April 2004</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A27F87FFF68C727FC4EC04E" blockId="8.[151,1436,1244,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Description. The sponge, about
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<quantity id="4CE6C29F8A27F87FFD9DC727FDBDC034" box="[562,628,1280,1304]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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thick, covers the basal stolons and the proximal portion of a colony of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A27F87FFF38C70FFEF9C013" box="[151,304,1320,1343]" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Carijoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="riisei">
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<emphasis id="B96AB3688A27F87FFF38C70FFEF9C013" box="[151,304,1320,1343]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Carijoa riisei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as well as a bivalve shell (
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<quantity id="4CE6C29F8A27F87FFDDEC700FD70C013" box="[625,697,1319,1343]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="24.0">24 cm</quantity>
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2) where the octocoral colony is settled (
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A27F87FFB26C700FB07C013" box="[1161,1230,1319,1343]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1460]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,195,1461]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spirastrella cf. cunctatrix Schmidt, 1868. A, Sponge encrusting Carijoa riisei on a bivalve shell; B, Spirasters II concentrated in a superficial crust; C, Tylostyles grouped in multispicular tracts and spirasters I and II scattered in the sponge tissue; D, Tylostyle; E, Spirasters I; F, Spirasters II; G, Tylostyle with spirasters I and II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248154/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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A). The surface is smooth, slightly pink in ethanol, with evident subectosomal canals.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A27F87FFF68C748FCEFC0E3" blockId="8.[151,1436,1244,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Skeleton. Spirasters II are concentrated in the ectosome forming a thick superficial crust (
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A27F87FFA82C748FAB2C0AB" box="[1325,1403,1391,1415]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1460]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,195,1461]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spirastrella cf. cunctatrix Schmidt, 1868. A, Sponge encrusting Carijoa riisei on a bivalve shell; B, Spirasters II concentrated in a superficial crust; C, Tylostyles grouped in multispicular tracts and spirasters I and II scattered in the sponge tissue; D, Tylostyle; E, Spirasters I; F, Spirasters II; G, Tylostyle with spirasters I and II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248154/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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B). Choanosome with scattered spirasters I and II; tylostyles are grouped in multispicular tracts with tyles towards the substrate (
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A27F87FFEA5C790FE84C0E3" box="[266,333,1463,1487]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1460]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,195,1461]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spirastrella cf. cunctatrix Schmidt, 1868. A, Sponge encrusting Carijoa riisei on a bivalve shell; B, Spirasters II concentrated in a superficial crust; C, Tylostyles grouped in multispicular tracts and spirasters I and II scattered in the sponge tissue; D, Tylostyle; E, Spirasters I; F, Spirasters II; G, Tylostyle with spirasters I and II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248154/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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C) and tips protruding beyond the surface.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A27F87FFF68C7FDFB1CC3AD" blockId="8.[151,1436,1244,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Spicules. Straight tylostyles with hastate tips and generally rounded heads (
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A27F87FFBBEC7FDFB9CC0DE" box="[1041,1109,1498,1522]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1460]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,195,1461]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spirastrella cf. cunctatrix Schmidt, 1868. A, Sponge encrusting Carijoa riisei on a bivalve shell; B, Spirasters II concentrated in a superficial crust; C, Tylostyles grouped in multispicular tracts and spirasters I and II scattered in the sponge tissue; D, Tylostyle; E, Spirasters I; F, Spirasters II; G, Tylostyle with spirasters I and II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248154/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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D, G), 225 – (341.5 ± 66.9) – 450
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<date id="FFA049BA8A27F87FFF63C427FF3AC33B" box="[204,243,1535,1559]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">x 5</date>
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– (8.5 ± 2.3) – 10 μm, with evident axial canal starting from the head. Spirasters in two categories: spirasters I large, with thick, slightly bent axis and conical large spines (
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A27F87FFC6DC405FBCFC316" box="[962,1030,1570,1594]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1460]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,195,1461]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spirastrella cf. cunctatrix Schmidt, 1868. A, Sponge encrusting Carijoa riisei on a bivalve shell; B, Spirasters II concentrated in a superficial crust; C, Tylostyles grouped in multispicular tracts and spirasters I and II scattered in the sponge tissue; D, Tylostyle; E, Spirasters I; F, Spirasters II; G, Tylostyle with spirasters I and II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248154/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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E, G), 30.5 – (46.3 ± 6.9) – 60.5
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<date id="FFA049BA8A27F87FFAD7C404FA55C316" box="[1400,1436,1570,1594]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">x 5</date>
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– (7.5 ± 1.3) – 10 μm, numerous spicules have a straight and thin axis; spirasters II small, with spiralled axis or rabd-like with straight axis; numerous intermediate forms (
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A27F87FFC83C44DFCA7C3AE" box="[812,878,1642,1666]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1460]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,195,1461]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spirastrella cf. cunctatrix Schmidt, 1868. A, Sponge encrusting Carijoa riisei on a bivalve shell; B, Spirasters II concentrated in a superficial crust; C, Tylostyles grouped in multispicular tracts and spirasters I and II scattered in the sponge tissue; D, Tylostyle; E, Spirasters I; F, Spirasters II; G, Tylostyle with spirasters I and II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248154/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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F, G), 5 – (8.7 ± 1.4) – 12.5 μm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A27F87FFF68C4A8FD3AC2C6" blockId="8.[151,1436,1244,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Distribution and remarks. The spicule shape of the Vietnamese sample and the skeletal organisation are very similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A27F87FFEA8C494FDF4C3E6" authority="Schmidt, 1868" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1868" box="[263,573,1714,1739]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cunctatrix">
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<emphasis id="B96AB3688A27F87FFEA8C494FE5CC3E7" box="[263,405,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. cunctatrix</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A27F87FFE34C495FDF4C3E6" author="Schmidt" box="[411,573,1714,1738]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Schmidt, O. (1868) Die Spongien der Kuste von Algier. Mit Nachtragen zu den Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres (Drittes Supplement). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 44 pp." type="book" year="1868">Schmidt, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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as described and illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A27F87FFC34C495FBF6C3E6" author="Rutzler" box="[923,1087,1714,1738]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Rutzler, K. (2002) Family Spirastrellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886. In Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges, 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 220 - 223. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 23" type="journal article" year="2002">Rützler (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="132573FF8A27F87FFBD7C495FB75C3E6" box="[1144,1212,1714,1738]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1193,1216]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,183,1172]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,183,1172]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Batzella arauntiaca (Lévi, 1958). A, Sponge on Carijoa riisei in situ. B, Choanosomal skeleton of small bundles of strongyles; C, Straight and very thin strongyle, with close up of the tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248155/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
: 223). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A5D1D88A27F87FFA95C495FA55C3E6" box="[1338,1436,1714,1738]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has tylostyles with oval or rounded heads, 480
|
||
<date id="FFA049BA8A27F87FFD0CC4FFFD0FC3C3" box="[675,710,1751,1775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">x 8</date>
|
||
μm in length on average; small spirasters of
|
||
<date id="FFA049BA8A27F87FFB13C4F0FAEDC3C3" box="[1212,1316,1751,1775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2010-10-25">10 – 25 x</date>
|
||
5 – 23 μm and large spirasters of 28 – 50
|
||
<date id="FFA049BA8A27F87FFE5FC4DCFD90C23E" box="[496,601,1786,1810]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1935-10-23">x 23 – 35</date>
|
||
μm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A27F87FFD3CC4DDFCE6C23E" author="Rutzler" box="[659,815,1786,1810]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Rutzler, K. (2002) Family Spirastrellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886. In Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges, 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 220 - 223. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 23" type="journal article" year="2002">Rützler, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) slightly larger than those of the Vietnamese specimen.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A27F87FFF38C538FE5DC21B" box="[151,404,1823,1847]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cunctatrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A27F87FFF38C538FE5DC21B" box="[151,404,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spirastrella cunctatrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from the Mediterranean Sea, and later recorded also in the Indo- Pacific area (Mergui-Burma Archipelagos (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A27F87FFD27C565FCDDC276" author="Carter" box="[648,788,1858,1882]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Carter, H. J. (1887) Report on the Marine Sponges, chiefly from King Island, in the Mergui Archipelago, collected for the Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, by Dr. John Anderson, F. R. S., Superintendent of the Museum. The Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology, 21 (127 - 128), 61 - 84." type="journal article" year="1887">Carter 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A27F87FFC83C564FC78C277" box="[812,945,1859,1883]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
(van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A27F87FFC58C565FBB0C276" author="Soest" box="[1015,1145,1858,1882]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van (1982) A small collection of sponges (Porifera) from Hong Kong. In: Morton, B. S. & Tseng, C. K. (Eds.), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China (Proceedings 1 st International Marine Biolology Workshop), 85 - 95." type="book chapter" year="1982">Soest 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A27F87FFB3FC565FADEC276" box="[1168,1303,1858,1882]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A27F87FFA87C565FEF9C253" author="Vacelet" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Vacelet, J. & Vasseur, P. (1971) Eponges des recifs coralliens de Tulear (Madagascar). Tethys, Supplement 1, 51 - 126." type="book chapter" year="1971">Vacelet & Vasseur 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the Red Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A27F87FFE76C540FD99C253" author="Levi" box="[473,592,1895,1919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Levi, C. (1965) Spongiaires recoltes par l'expedition israelienne dans le sud de la Mer Rouge en 1962. In: Israel South Red Sea Expedition, 1962, Report 13. Bulletin Sea Fisheries Research Station, Israel, 39, 3 - 27." type="journal article" year="1965">Lévi 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A27F87FFD3BC540FD3AC253" box="[660,755,1895,1919]" name="Vietnam" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A27F87FFCAEC540FC02C253" author="Azzini" box="[769,971,1895,1919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Azzini, F., Calcinai, B., Cerrano, C., Bavestrello, G. & Pansini, M. (2007) Sponges of the marine karst lakes and of the coast of the islands of Ha Long Bay (North Vietnam). In: Custodio, M. R., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E. & Muricy, G. (Eds.), Porifera Research: Biodiversity, Innovation and Sustainability. Rio de Janeiro: Museu National, pp. 157 - 164." type="book chapter" year="2007">Azzini et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)) but its distribution has to be considered restricted to the Atlanto-Mediterranean area (van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A27F87FFD78C5ADFC56C28E" author="Soest" box="[727,927,1930,1954]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Soest, R. W. M van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., Voogd, N. J. de, Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Vacelet, J., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R. & Klautau, M. (2011) World Porifera database. Available online from http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (accessed 2011)." type="book chapter" year="2011">Soest et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further molecular studies could clarify its cryptogenic nature. The species was always described as a thin encrusting sponge, with the exception of the massive sponge record from the Red Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A27F87FFDC0C5F5FD2EC2C6" author="Levi" box="[623,743,2002,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Levi, C. (1965) Spongiaires recoltes par l'expedition israelienne dans le sud de la Mer Rouge en 1962. In: Israel South Red Sea Expedition, 1962, Report 13. Bulletin Sea Fisheries Research Station, Israel, 39, 3 - 27." type="journal article" year="1965">Lévi 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |