183 lines
22 KiB
XML
183 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="ABB8C007230D0B4326614B51871A1CF7" ID-CLB-Dataset="39041" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3617.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6174b35e-3228-4d50-a6ed-844e244f8b64" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="248150" ID-ZooBank="4DCCD152-65DA-44A3-AB19-59811384E1E7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1463638623780" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Calcinai, Barbara, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Bertolino, Marco, Pica, Daniela, Wagner, Daniel & Cerrano, Carlo" docDate="2013" docId="03B7DE6C8A21F878FF38C392FF27C659" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03617p061.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3617 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Strongylacidon zanzibarense Lendenfeld 1897" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FF8EA6148A2FF877FFAFC227FFC9C52C" masterDocTitle="Sponges associated with octocorals in the Indo-Pacific, with the description of four new species" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698662548627" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0DF261BDB17EDC8AA78254CE303CC012">
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<mods:title id="214E41024AB462887159CDB2EE5699F9">Sponges associated with octocorals in the Indo-Pacific, with the description of four new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E61ECD6BB15E201BC087E1D7AEB4BFB2">Calcinai, Barbara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="512361089A205D4753C228AD22F521E9">Bavestrello, Giorgio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="055BB27B10340B1067DA7AC4ABE917F4">Bertolino, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CD2EDB6A09713C241EA7B095408673C0">Pica, Daniela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="72DEB99C4DC44FCE340AB3C2130329EB">Wagner, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="15EB891BA3B07DEC00015957CAF16AD0">Cerrano, Carlo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7D81375AC1C043D845A7850DD459AC9E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="76011AF9C93395CC2F6322D7D119A5C9">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B993FC44639F3F877EFF2F1EC5F6BD4D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E7E1EF55850732634F47158D43D12663">3617</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="58E633DE59FBA8823EB1CEC05DAF5BFC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3617.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B7DE6C8A21F878FF38C392FF27C659" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6156067" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120682022" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6156067" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7DE6C8A21F878FF38C392FF27C659" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7DE6C8A21F878FF38C392FF27C659" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="C3043CF18A21F879FF38C392FED4C4C3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A21F879FF38C392FD06C4E3" blockId="14.[151,719,437,495]" box="[151,719,437,463]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="D0E9D8168A21F879FF38C392FD06C4E3" bold="true" box="[151,719,437,463]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A21F879FF38C392FD06C4E3" ID-CoL="6ZYZQ" authority="Lendenfeld, 1897" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,719,437,463]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Strongylacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zanzibarense">
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<emphasis id="B96AB3688A21F879FF38C392FD06C4E3" bold="true" box="[151,719,437,463]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B96AB3688A21F879FF38C392FE38C4E3" bold="true" box="[151,497,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Strongylacidon zanzibarense</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A21F879FE57C392FD06C4E3" author="Lendenfeld" box="[504,719,437,463]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Lendenfeld, R. Von (1897) Spongien von Sansibar. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 21, 93 - 133." type="journal article" year="1897">Lendenfeld, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A21F879FF38C3F0FED4C4C3" blockId="14.[151,719,437,495]" box="[151,285,471,495]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A21F879FF30C3F0FF29C4C3" box="[159,224,471,495]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[321,1262,783,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[321,1262,783,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Strongylacidon zanzibarense Lendenfeld, 1897. A, Sponge encrusting Carijoa riisei in situ; B, Close up of the sponge showing polyps clear of the sponge covering; C, Smooth surface pierced by groups of pores; D, Choanosomal skeleton organized in plumose, multispicular tracts; E, Strongyle; F, Unguiferate chela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248158/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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A–F)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3043CF18A21F878FF38C03EFF27C659" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A21F879FF38C03EFBA8C71D" blockId="14.[151,1436,537,734]" box="[151,1121,537,561]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Examined material. Sample Raja 071:
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<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A21F879FDE8C03EFD7EC71D" box="[583,695,537,561]" name="Indonesia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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, Raja Ampat, Goss Over,
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<quantity id="4CE6C29F8A21F879FC75C03EFBDCC71D" box="[986,1045,537,561]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
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, 2006.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A21F879FF68C01BFCA5C7F2" blockId="14.[151,1436,537,734]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Description. Massively encrusting sponge, about
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<quantity id="4CE6C29F8A21F879FCBFC01BFC91C778" box="[784,856,572,596]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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thick; growing on
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A21F879FBE9C01AFB2DC778" box="[1094,1252,573,596]" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Carijoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="riisei">
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<emphasis id="B96AB3688A21F879FBE9C01AFB2DC778" box="[1094,1252,573,596]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Carijoa riisei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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colonies up to anthocodiae that remain free to expand and retract (
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A21F879FD71C079FCE9C75A" box="[734,800,606,630]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[321,1262,783,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[321,1262,783,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Strongylacidon zanzibarense Lendenfeld, 1897. A, Sponge encrusting Carijoa riisei in situ; B, Close up of the sponge showing polyps clear of the sponge covering; C, Smooth surface pierced by groups of pores; D, Choanosomal skeleton organized in plumose, multispicular tracts; E, Strongyle; F, Unguiferate chela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248158/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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A, B). The examined sample consists of a single portion of coral that is
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<quantity id="4CE6C29F8A21F879FEEDC0A6FEB3C7B5" box="[322,378,641,665]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
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long. Surface smooth, pierced by groups of pores visible without magnification (
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A21F879FABCC0A6FA9FC7B5" box="[1299,1366,641,665]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[321,1262,783,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[321,1262,783,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Strongylacidon zanzibarense Lendenfeld, 1897. A, Sponge encrusting Carijoa riisei in situ; B, Close up of the sponge showing polyps clear of the sponge covering; C, Smooth surface pierced by groups of pores; D, Choanosomal skeleton organized in plumose, multispicular tracts; E, Strongyle; F, Unguiferate chela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248158/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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A–C). The sponge is mustard coloured
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A21F879FDABC082FD80C790" box="[516,585,677,700]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Iophon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="situ">
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<emphasis id="B96AB3688A21F879FDABC082FD80C790" box="[516,585,677,700]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">in situ</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with transparent subectosomal canals converging on elevated oscules (
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A21F879FAC1C083FF6CC7F2" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[321,1262,783,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[321,1262,783,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Strongylacidon zanzibarense Lendenfeld, 1897. A, Sponge encrusting Carijoa riisei in situ; B, Close up of the sponge showing polyps clear of the sponge covering; C, Smooth surface pierced by groups of pores; D, Choanosomal skeleton organized in plumose, multispicular tracts; E, Strongyle; F, Unguiferate chela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248158/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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A). In ethanol the colour is uniformly light yellowish (
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A21F879FCA8C0E1FC80C7F2" box="[775,841,710,734]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[321,1262,783,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[321,1262,783,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Strongylacidon zanzibarense Lendenfeld, 1897. A, Sponge encrusting Carijoa riisei in situ; B, Close up of the sponge showing polyps clear of the sponge covering; C, Smooth surface pierced by groups of pores; D, Choanosomal skeleton organized in plumose, multispicular tracts; E, Strongyle; F, Unguiferate chela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248158/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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B).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF613FF28A21F879FF38C5BCFC64C2C3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248158/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[321,1262,783,1931]" targetPageId="14">
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A21F879FF38C5BCFC64C2C3" blockId="14.[151,1436,1947,2031]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B96AB3688A21F879FF38C5BCFEDCC29D" bold="true" box="[151,277,1947,1970]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A21F879FEB2C5BBFCCAC29D" authority="Lendenfeld, 1897" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1897" box="[285,771,1947,1970]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Strongylacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zanzibarense">
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<emphasis id="B96AB3688A21F879FEB2C5BBFD8BC29E" box="[285,578,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Strongylacidon zanzibarense</emphasis>
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Lendenfeld, 1897
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</taxonomicName>
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. A, Sponge encrusting
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<emphasis id="B96AB3688A21F879FC59C5BBFB02C29E" box="[1014,1227,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A21F879FC59C5BBFB4BC29E" box="[1014,1154,1948,1970]" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Carijoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="riisei">Carijoa riisei</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A21F879FB24C5BAFB02C29E" box="[1163,1227,1949,1970]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Iophon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="situ">in situ</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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; B, Close up of the sponge showing polyps clear of the sponge covering; C, Smooth surface pierced by groups of pores; D, Choanosomal skeleton organized in plumose, multispicular tracts; E, Strongyle; F, Unguiferate chela.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A20F878FF68C2B0FC74C433" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,885]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Skeleton. No specialized ectosomal skeleton, only a membranous peel covering the pulpy body. The choanosomal skeleton is plumose, with strongyles organized in multispicular tracts (25 – (66.8 ± 32.0) – 140 μm thick) reinforced with spongin (
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A20F878FE57C2C5FDF3C5D6" box="[504,570,226,250]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[321,1262,783,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[321,1262,783,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Strongylacidon zanzibarense Lendenfeld, 1897. A, Sponge encrusting Carijoa riisei in situ; B, Close up of the sponge showing polyps clear of the sponge covering; C, Smooth surface pierced by groups of pores; D, Choanosomal skeleton organized in plumose, multispicular tracts; E, Strongyle; F, Unguiferate chela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248158/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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D). Numerous chelae and strongyles are also scattered among the tracts. Sand is present in low quantities in the sponge tissue and in the spicule tracts.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A20F878FF68C30AFE79C4A2" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,885]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Spicules. Strongyles straight or slightly curved (
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A20F878FD70C30AFCE9C469" box="[735,800,301,325]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[321,1262,783,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[321,1262,783,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Strongylacidon zanzibarense Lendenfeld, 1897. A, Sponge encrusting Carijoa riisei in situ; B, Close up of the sponge showing polyps clear of the sponge covering; C, Smooth surface pierced by groups of pores; D, Choanosomal skeleton organized in plumose, multispicular tracts; E, Strongyle; F, Unguiferate chela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248158/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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E), 130 – (173.8 ± 38.3) – 225
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<date id="FFA049BA8A20F878FBD6C309FB52C469" box="[1145,1179,301,325]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">x 2</date>
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– (2.4 ± 0.2) – 2.5 μm. Unguiferate anisochelae with three teeth splayed outwards and different in size on the two extremities (
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<figureCitation id="132573FF8A20F878FAB8C375FA90C446" box="[1303,1369,338,362]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[321,1262,783,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[321,1262,783,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Strongylacidon zanzibarense Lendenfeld, 1897. A, Sponge encrusting Carijoa riisei in situ; B, Close up of the sponge showing polyps clear of the sponge covering; C, Smooth surface pierced by groups of pores; D, Choanosomal skeleton organized in plumose, multispicular tracts; E, Strongyle; F, Unguiferate chela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248158/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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F), 10 – (12.3 ± 0.7) – 12.5 μm.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A20F878FF68C3BAFABDC709" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,885]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Distribution and remarks. This is the first record for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A20F878FC85C3BAFC5EC499" box="[810,919,413,437]" name="Indonesia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the second after the original description from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A20F878FF74C3E5FE88C4F6" box="[219,321,450,474]" name="Tanzania" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The species was also observed in the Bunaken National Park (North Sulawesi) growing on pergamentaceous tubes of polychaetes (C.B. pers. observ.).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A20F878FC93C3CFFBB6C72C" box="[828,1151,488,512]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Strongylacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zanzibarense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A20F878FC93C3CFFBB6C72C" box="[828,1151,488,512]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Strongylacidon zanzibarense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described as an epibiont on the carapace of a crab (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A20F878FDF0C02AFCE9C709" author="Lendenfeld" box="[607,800,525,549]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Lendenfeld, R. Von (1897) Spongien von Sansibar. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 21, 93 - 133." type="journal article" year="1897">Lendenfeld 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with a crust about
|
||
<quantity id="4CE6C29F8A20F878FC51C02AFB92C709" box="[1022,1115,525,549]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick (van Soest 2002b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A20F878FF68C014FF27C659" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,885]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Van Soest (2002b) noted that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A5D1D88A20F878FDE9C015FD61C766" box="[582,680,562,586]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A20F878FD7EC014FCB6C767" box="[721,895,563,587]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Strongylacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zanzibarense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A20F878FD7EC014FCB6C767" box="[721,895,563,587]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S. zanzibarense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possessed a reticulation of tracts of strongyles, reinforced by spongin, straight strongyles (160 – 260
|
||
<date id="FFA049BA8A20F878FCACC07FFC91C743" box="[771,856,599,623]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">x 3 – 4</date>
|
||
μm) and peculiar unguiferate chelae (about 9 μm, from the image reported in van Soest 2002b: 526) that may be considered anisochelae, with different teeth on the opposite extremities. The Indonesian specimen fits with the species described by Lendenfeld especially in the size of the spicules and in the peculiar shape of the chelae. In our specimen the skeleton consists of strongyles organized in multispicular, plumose tracts; this organisation, different from that reported by van Soest (2002b) for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A5D1D88A20F878FF38C135FF35C606" box="[151,252,786,810]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, is probably due to the slenderness of our specimen (only
|
||
<quantity id="4CE6C29F8A20F878FC08C135FC26C606" box="[935,1007,786,810]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
). It has been noted that the plumose, choanosomal skeleton of encrusting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A20F878FDECC11FFD25C67C" box="[579,748,824,848]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Strongylacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A20F878FDECC11FFD25C67C" box="[579,748,824,848]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Strongylacidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens becomes reticulate in massive ones (van Soest 2002b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |