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<document id="EDFAA1E653578D1DB61F61AACBA797B6" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.185768" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b1f084db-a8b9-4861-8115-45a27ba3ce26" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="185768" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460016633498" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zhang, Feng &amp; Deharveng, Louis" docDate="2009" docId="03B787FAFFB3597080A6FC86927ACFF0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02009p040.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2009" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Sinella whitteni Zhang &amp; Deharveng, 2009, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="FF8EFF82FFB259748031FFCD9706CA7F" masterDocTitle="A new cave Sinella species from South China (Collembola: Entomobryidae)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698233625305" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="95048D242162188271910F20E555E5E3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="B8E492782C8741D285E23B5A11AF7B1D">
<mods:title id="51866469DA6BAB32001AB92BAF6ED330">A new cave Sinella species from South China (Collembola: Entomobryidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="33B147AE52601E5236303039FF6C3792" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0D4FFC0D3634CEE6B7542789F5AFE5C1">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="22E4118B7686EA1D407449485810B2CC">Zhang, Feng</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E47C534F43408E53AFD1A10895882A2D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="395D9C9C5BF5BC775EBBB5F2AD6B734D">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="794E749D44C34C3890A836F1E9672CA3">Deharveng, Louis</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="914F0776F6327ED701103C4164782074">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8AEFEF70A7FEC078D73A36DEF6C0FA1A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="7B48CD1FABE4E35C274147506AAD91C5">
<mods:date id="2160A39C5EC2D2C2ACBDCDA7A77FDAB4">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="998AF3FFF700358A4BE94D91AB293AFA" type="volume">
<mods:number id="AA7A621A780B32494089ACDAD0DECF58">2009</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:classification id="120165C8B924DDAE9D4981B409FD8F7E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="DB9DCDE3A37A7884C1903D25A123754A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.185768</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FB2DAB4986B2CB2411FCCE6BDDB5F202" type="GBIF-Dataset">b1f084db-a8b9-4861-8115-45a27ba3ce26</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="21A3E8353620C469C7C0B2727EB0A4A7" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="22D1588E50545C6785FFDA2DC6E0C9F2" type="Zenodo-Dep">185768</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B787FAFFB3597080A6FC86927ACFF0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6222300" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119381612" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6222300" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787FAFFB3597080A6FC86927ACFF0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787FAFFB3597080A6FC86927ACFF0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<subSubSection id="C3046567FFB3597580A6FC869665C9F7" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB3597580A6FC8696BFC91A" blockId="1.[151,441,843,904]" box="[151,441,843,869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="D0E98180FFB3597580A6FC8696BFC91A" bold="true" box="[151,441,843,869]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB3597580A6FC8696BFC91A" bold="true" box="[151,441,843,869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB3597580A6FC869653C91A" box="[151,341,843,869]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitteni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB3597580A6FC869653C91A" bold="true" box="[151,341,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Sinella whitteni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595785FFB35975816DFC8696BFC91A" box="[348,441,843,869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB3597580A6FCA39665C9F7" blockId="1.[151,441,843,904]" box="[151,355,878,904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<figureCitation id="13252A69FFB3597580A6FCA39608C9F7" box="[151,270,878,904]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 2 – 16" captionStartId-0="1.[153,257,1947,1971]" captionStartId-1="2.[153,272,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox-1="[223,1357,196,1817]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[215,1366,194,1859]" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Sinella whitteni sp. nov.: habitus." captionText-1="FIGURES 2 – 16. Sinella whitteni sp. nov.: 2, lateral process of labial palp; 3, maxillary outer lobe; 4, chaetae on labial base; 5, cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy; 6, thoracic dorsal chaetotaxy; 7, trochanteral organ; 8, one of the inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, and the outstanding macrochaeta; 9, hind claw; 10 – 12, abdominal dorsal chaetotaxy. 10, Abd. I – III; 11, Abd. IV; 12, Abd. V; 13, anterior face of ventral tube; 14, posterior face of ventral tube and lateral flap; 15, manubrial plate; 16, mucro. Chaetae figured in full on Figs 5 - 6 and 10 - 12 are s-chaetae and bothriotricha; chaetae figured by their sockets are ordinary chaetae." httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/185769/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Figs 1–16</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C69C0357FFB35975812BFCA39665C9F7" box="[282,355,878,904]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,534,558]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison between S. whitteni sp. nov. and S. trogla Chen &amp; Christiansen, 1993." pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3046567FFB3597580A6FC76939ECE0F" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB3597580A6FC7693C8C9AA" blockId="1.[151,1436,955,1368]" box="[151,1230,955,981]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB3597580A6FC769633C9AA" bold="true" box="[151,309,955,981]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<typeStatus id="54A5884EFFB3597580A6FC7697D2C9AA" box="[151,212,955,981]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F309767CFFB359758172FC76968AC9AA" box="[323,396,955,981]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">China</collectingCountry>
, Guangxi Province, Yachang Nature Reserve, Huaping, Xia Yan Dong.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB3597580F4FC2F939ECE0F" blockId="1.[151,1436,955,1368]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB3597580F4FC2F9677C983" bold="true" box="[197,369,994,1020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<typeStatus id="54A5884EFFB3597580F4FC2F9606C983" box="[197,256,994,1020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="54A5884EFFB3597581B0FC2F96E8C983" box="[385,494,994,1020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male and 2
<typeStatus id="54A5884EFFB35975824AFC2F95EDC983" box="[635,747,994,1020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
on slide,
<date id="FFA0102CFFB35975836DFC2F94D5C983" box="[860,979,994,1020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" value="2007-05-28">28.v.2007</date>
, collected by hand, leg. Franck Brehier (sample n° CHIgx07–28/07):
<typeStatus id="54A5884EFFB3597581CEFBC4956ECE5C" box="[511,616,1033,1059]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in
<collectingCountry id="F309767CFFB3597582A1FBC495CCCE5C" box="[656,714,1033,1059]" name="Niue" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">NJU</collectingCountry>
, 2
<typeStatus id="54A5884EFFB3597582DFFBC49467CE5C" box="[750,865,1033,1059]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE29FFB3597583B8FBC494EECE5C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[905,1000,1033,1059]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">MNHN</collectionCode>
. 4
<typeStatus id="54A5884EFFB35975843DFBC49379CE5C" box="[1036,1151,1033,1059]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
on slide,
<quantity id="4CE69B09FFB3597584C7FBC49232CE5C" box="[1270,1332,1033,1059]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" unit="in" value="14.0">14 in</quantity>
alcohol,
<date id="FFA0102CFFB3597580A6FBFD9616CE35" box="[151,272,1072,1098]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" value="2007-05-26">26.v.2007</date>
, collected by hand, leg. Franck Brehier (sample n° CHIgx07–26/16): 2
<typeStatus id="54A5884EFFB359758447FBFD93EFCE35" box="[1142,1257,1072,1098]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
on slide and 8
<typeStatus id="54A5884EFFB3597580A6FB9B9601CE0F" box="[151,263,1110,1136]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in alcohol in
<collectingCountry id="F309767CFFB359758199FB9B96E7CE0F" box="[424,481,1110,1136]" name="Niue" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">NJU</collectingCountry>
, 2
<typeStatus id="54A5884EFFB359758232FB9B9575CE0F" box="[515,627,1110,1136]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
on slide and 6
<typeStatus id="54A5884EFFB359758314FB9B9493CE0F" box="[805,917,1110,1136]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in alcohol in
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE29FFB359758407FB9B9392CE0F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1078,1172,1110,1136]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">MNHN</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3046567FFB3597780F4FBB09262CC5B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB3597580F4FBB09408CEE8" blockId="1.[151,1436,955,1368]" box="[197,782,1149,1175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB3597580F4FBB0965BCEE8" bold="true" box="[197,349,1149,1175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Description.</emphasis>
Body length: 1.4–1.7, up to
<quantity id="4CE69B09FFB35975829CFBB0940DCEE8" box="[685,779,1149,1175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB3597580F4FB6E9318CF27" blockId="1.[151,1436,955,1368]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
Habitus and head. Eyes absent. Body colour totally white in alcohol (
<figureCitation id="13252A69FFB3597583DFFB6E9335CEC2" box="[1006,1075,1187,1213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[153,257,1947,1971]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sinella whitteni sp. nov.: habitus." pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Antenna 2.4 times as long as cephalic diagonal. Antennal segments ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.6–1.8: 1.3–1.6: 2.3–2.9. Antennal chaetae of 5 kinds: ciliated mesochaetae; very thin, rather long, finely ciliated mesochaetae; thin, smooth, acuminate short chaetae; rather long, parallel, thin s-chaetae; short thickened s-chaetae (including the 2 rods of Ant. III organ). Long, smooth chaetae absent on antennae. No apical bulb on Ant. IV.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF616664FFB3597580A8F8569581CDCC" box="[153,647,1947,1971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB3597580A8F8569581CDCC" blockId="1.[153,647,1947,1971]" box="[153,647,1947,1971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB3597580A8F856961DCDCC" bold="true" box="[153,283,1947,1971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB359758113F85196CFCDCC" box="[290,457,1948,1971]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitteni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB359758113F85196CFCDCC" box="[290,457,1948,1971]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Sinella whitteni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB3597581FEF8569522CDCC" bold="true" box="[463,548,1947,1971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595785FFB3597581FEF8569522CDCC" box="[463,548,1947,1971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF616664FFB0597680A8F8FC96CDCD8A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185769/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[223,1357,196,1817]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB0597680A8F8FC96CDCD8A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1841,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB0597680A8F8FC9655CD36" bold="true" box="[153,339,1841,1865]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">FIGURES 2–16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB05976816BF8FC9504CD37" box="[346,514,1841,1864]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitteni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB05976816BF8FC9504CD37" box="[346,514,1841,1864]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Sinella whitteni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB059768238F8FC9559CD36" bold="true" box="[521,607,1841,1865]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595785FFB059768238F8FC9559CD36" box="[521,607,1841,1865]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 2, lateral process of labial palp; 3, maxillary outer lobe; 4, chaetae on labial base; 5, cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy; 6, thoracic dorsal chaetotaxy; 7, trochanteral organ; 8, one of the inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, and the outstanding macrochaeta; 9, hind claw; 10–12, abdominal dorsal chaetotaxy. 10, Abd. I–III; 11, Abd. IV; 12, Abd. V; 13, anterior face of ventral tube; 14, posterior face of ventral tube and lateral flap; 15, manubrial plate; 16, mucro. Chaetae figured in full on Figs 5-6 and 10-12 are s-chaetae and bothriotricha; chaetae figured by their sockets are ordinary chaetae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB1597780F4FF5593F7CB30" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
Labral papillae absent. Prelabral and labral chaetae 4/5,5,4, all smooth. Lateral process of labial palp thicker than normal chaetae, with tip reaching beyond apex of labial papilla (
<figureCitation id="13252A69FFB159778478FF739393CAA7" box="[1097,1173,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 16" captionStartId="2.[153,272,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,196,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[215,1366,194,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 16. Sinella whitteni sp. nov.: 2, lateral process of labial palp; 3, maxillary outer lobe; 4, chaetae on labial base; 5, cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy; 6, thoracic dorsal chaetotaxy; 7, trochanteral organ; 8, one of the inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, and the outstanding macrochaeta; 9, hind claw; 10 – 12, abdominal dorsal chaetotaxy. 10, Abd. I – III; 11, Abd. IV; 12, Abd. V; 13, anterior face of ventral tube; 14, posterior face of ventral tube and lateral flap; 15, manubrial plate; 16, mucro. Chaetae figured in full on Figs 5 - 6 and 10 - 12 are s-chaetae and bothriotricha; chaetae figured by their sockets are ordinary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185769/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Subapical chaeta of maxillary outer lobe thin, subequal to apical one; 3 smooth hairs on sublobal plate (
<figureCitation id="13252A69FFB1597784BFFF2893DECA80" box="[1166,1240,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 16" captionStartId="2.[153,272,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,196,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[215,1366,194,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 16. Sinella whitteni sp. nov.: 2, lateral process of labial palp; 3, maxillary outer lobe; 4, chaetae on labial base; 5, cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy; 6, thoracic dorsal chaetotaxy; 7, trochanteral organ; 8, one of the inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, and the outstanding macrochaeta; 9, hind claw; 10 – 12, abdominal dorsal chaetotaxy. 10, Abd. I – III; 11, Abd. IV; 12, Abd. V; 13, anterior face of ventral tube; 14, posterior face of ventral tube and lateral flap; 15, manubrial plate; 16, mucro. Chaetae figured in full on Figs 5 - 6 and 10 - 12 are s-chaetae and bothriotricha; chaetae figured by their sockets are ordinary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185769/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Labial base as M1,R,E,L1,L2, all smooth; R 0.65–0.80 length of chaeta M1; X,
<date id="FFA0102CFFB1597783B8FEC19306CB56" box="[905,1024,268,297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">X2 and X4</date>
as ciliate microchaetae; chaeta
<date id="FFA0102CFFB15977854FFEC1929ACB56" box="[1406,1436,268,297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">X3</date>
absent (
<figureCitation id="13252A69FFB1597780C3FEF8963CCB30" box="[242,314,309,335]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 16" captionStartId="2.[153,272,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,196,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[215,1366,194,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 16. Sinella whitteni sp. nov.: 2, lateral process of labial palp; 3, maxillary outer lobe; 4, chaetae on labial base; 5, cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy; 6, thoracic dorsal chaetotaxy; 7, trochanteral organ; 8, one of the inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, and the outstanding macrochaeta; 9, hind claw; 10 – 12, abdominal dorsal chaetotaxy. 10, Abd. I – III; 11, Abd. IV; 12, Abd. V; 13, anterior face of ventral tube; 14, posterior face of ventral tube and lateral flap; 15, manubrial plate; 16, mucro. Chaetae figured in full on Figs 5 - 6 and 10 - 12 are s-chaetae and bothriotricha; chaetae figured by their sockets are ordinary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185769/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy with 5 sutural and 4 macrochaetae in Gr. II (
<figureCitation id="13252A69FFB1597784ABFEF893E7CB30" box="[1178,1249,309,335]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 16" captionStartId="2.[153,272,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,196,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[215,1366,194,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 16. Sinella whitteni sp. nov.: 2, lateral process of labial palp; 3, maxillary outer lobe; 4, chaetae on labial base; 5, cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy; 6, thoracic dorsal chaetotaxy; 7, trochanteral organ; 8, one of the inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, and the outstanding macrochaeta; 9, hind claw; 10 – 12, abdominal dorsal chaetotaxy. 10, Abd. I – III; 11, Abd. IV; 12, Abd. V; 13, anterior face of ventral tube; 14, posterior face of ventral tube and lateral flap; 15, manubrial plate; 16, mucro. Chaetae figured in full on Figs 5 - 6 and 10 - 12 are s-chaetae and bothriotricha; chaetae figured by their sockets are ordinary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185769/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB1597780F4FE9194D0CB09" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1885]" box="[197,982,348,374]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">S-chaetae by half-tergites from Th. II to Abd. V as 3,2/2,2,3,±14,3.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB1597780F4FE4F95C6C848" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
Thorax. Dorsal thoracic chaetotaxy shown in
<figureCitation id="13252A69FFB1597782CAFE4F9441CBE3" box="[763,839,386,412]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 16" captionStartId="2.[153,272,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,196,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[215,1366,194,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 16. Sinella whitteni sp. nov.: 2, lateral process of labial palp; 3, maxillary outer lobe; 4, chaetae on labial base; 5, cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy; 6, thoracic dorsal chaetotaxy; 7, trochanteral organ; 8, one of the inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, and the outstanding macrochaeta; 9, hind claw; 10 – 12, abdominal dorsal chaetotaxy. 10, Abd. I – III; 11, Abd. IV; 12, Abd. V; 13, anterior face of ventral tube; 14, posterior face of ventral tube and lateral flap; 15, manubrial plate; 16, mucro. Chaetae figured in full on Figs 5 - 6 and 10 - 12 are s-chaetae and bothriotricha; chaetae figured by their sockets are ordinary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185769/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
. Th. II with 5 (m1, m
<date id="FFA0102CFFB15977846BFE4F9368CBE3" box="[1114,1134,386,412]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">1i</date>
, m2, m
<date id="FFA0102CFFB1597784FEFE4F93E0CBE3" box="[1231,1254,386,412]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">2i</date>
, m
<date id="FFA0102CFFB15977853FFE4F9223CBE3" box="[1294,1317,386,412]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">2i</date>
2) mediomedian, 2 medio-lateral (m4, m4p), 18–21 posterior macrochaetae and 3 s-chaetae (2 antero-lateral, 1 posterolateral) on each side; p4 as macrochaeta; m
<date id="FFA0102CFFB159778298FE1D95BBCB95" box="[681,701,464,490]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">1i</date>
and m
<date id="FFA0102CFFB159778323FE1D942ECB95" box="[786,808,464,490]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">2i</date>
2 sometimes absent in juveniles. Th. III with 27–30 macrochaetae and 2 s-chaetae (1 antero-lateral, 1 postero-lateral); m
<date id="FFA0102CFFB1597783E6FE3A94EBC86E" box="[983,1005,503,529]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">5i</date>
absent; p5 as macrochaeta; m6p as macro- or mesochaeta; p2ep sometimes absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB1597780F4FD8993E8C939" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
Abdomen. Abd. IV 3.9–5.0 times as long as Abd. III along dorsal midline. Abd. I with 7 macrochaetae centrally and 2 s-chaetae laterally; m
<date id="FFA0102CFFB159778265FDA7956DC8FB" box="[596,619,618,644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">2i</date>
, a2, a3 and m4p as macrochaetae. Abd. II with 3 dorso-central (m3, m3e, m3ep), one lateral (m5) macrochaetae and 2 s-chaetae. Abd. III with 1 dorso-central (m3), 3 lateral (am6, pm6, p6) macrochaetae and 3 s-chaetae (
<figureCitation id="13252A69FFB15977828CFD759412C8AD" box="[701,788,696,722]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 16" captionStartId="2.[153,272,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,196,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[215,1366,194,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 16. Sinella whitteni sp. nov.: 2, lateral process of labial palp; 3, maxillary outer lobe; 4, chaetae on labial base; 5, cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy; 6, thoracic dorsal chaetotaxy; 7, trochanteral organ; 8, one of the inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, and the outstanding macrochaeta; 9, hind claw; 10 – 12, abdominal dorsal chaetotaxy. 10, Abd. I – III; 11, Abd. IV; 12, Abd. V; 13, anterior face of ventral tube; 14, posterior face of ventral tube and lateral flap; 15, manubrial plate; 16, mucro. Chaetae figured in full on Figs 5 - 6 and 10 - 12 are s-chaetae and bothriotricha; chaetae figured by their sockets are ordinary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185769/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Abd. IV with 5 dorso-central (A3, A4, A6, B4, B5), 6 lateral macrochaetae and at least 12 s-chaetae on each side of which 2 short ones, in the middle and posterior part of the tergite, are constant (
<figureCitation id="13252A69FFB15977822FFCC89571C960" box="[542,631,773,799]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 16" captionStartId="2.[153,272,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,196,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[215,1366,194,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 16. Sinella whitteni sp. nov.: 2, lateral process of labial palp; 3, maxillary outer lobe; 4, chaetae on labial base; 5, cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy; 6, thoracic dorsal chaetotaxy; 7, trochanteral organ; 8, one of the inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, and the outstanding macrochaeta; 9, hind claw; 10 – 12, abdominal dorsal chaetotaxy. 10, Abd. I – III; 11, Abd. IV; 12, Abd. V; 13, anterior face of ventral tube; 14, posterior face of ventral tube and lateral flap; 15, manubrial plate; 16, mucro. Chaetae figured in full on Figs 5 - 6 and 10 - 12 are s-chaetae and bothriotricha; chaetae figured by their sockets are ordinary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185769/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Abd. V with numerous chaetae and 3 s-chaetae; m2, m3 and m5 macrochaetae always much larger than others; homology of several chaetae not clear (
<figureCitation id="13252A69FFB1597784B8FCE193E7C939" box="[1161,1249,812,838]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 16" captionStartId="2.[153,272,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,196,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[215,1366,194,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 16. Sinella whitteni sp. nov.: 2, lateral process of labial palp; 3, maxillary outer lobe; 4, chaetae on labial base; 5, cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy; 6, thoracic dorsal chaetotaxy; 7, trochanteral organ; 8, one of the inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, and the outstanding macrochaeta; 9, hind claw; 10 – 12, abdominal dorsal chaetotaxy. 10, Abd. I – III; 11, Abd. IV; 12, Abd. V; 13, anterior face of ventral tube; 14, posterior face of ventral tube and lateral flap; 15, manubrial plate; 16, mucro. Chaetae figured in full on Figs 5 - 6 and 10 - 12 are s-chaetae and bothriotricha; chaetae figured by their sockets are ordinary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185769/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB1597780F4FC9F9370CEDD" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
Legs. Trochanteral organ with 19–30 smooth spiny chaetae;
<quantity id="4CE69B09FFB1597783A3FC9F94EAC913" box="[914,1004,850,876]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" metricValueMax="3.302" metricValueMin="2.286" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" unit="in" value="11.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="9.0">9–13 in</quantity>
the arms of “L” and 10–17 between them (
<figureCitation id="13252A69FFB1597780D5FCB49629C9EC" box="[228,303,889,915]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 16" captionStartId="2.[153,272,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,196,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[215,1366,194,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 16. Sinella whitteni sp. nov.: 2, lateral process of labial palp; 3, maxillary outer lobe; 4, chaetae on labial base; 5, cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy; 6, thoracic dorsal chaetotaxy; 7, trochanteral organ; 8, one of the inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, and the outstanding macrochaeta; 9, hind claw; 10 – 12, abdominal dorsal chaetotaxy. 10, Abd. I – III; 11, Abd. IV; 12, Abd. V; 13, anterior face of ventral tube; 14, posterior face of ventral tube and lateral flap; 15, manubrial plate; 16, mucro. Chaetae figured in full on Figs 5 - 6 and 10 - 12 are s-chaetae and bothriotricha; chaetae figured by their sockets are ordinary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185769/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Tibiotarsal meso- and macrochaetae ciliated, with ciliations not closely appressed to axis; a single smooth straight and acuminate ventro-distal chaeta on hind leg; a tenent hair smooth, pointed, subequal to unguiculus (
<figureCitation id="13252A69FFB159778163FC0A9699C99E" box="[338,415,967,993]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 16" captionStartId="2.[153,272,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,196,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[215,1366,194,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 16. Sinella whitteni sp. nov.: 2, lateral process of labial palp; 3, maxillary outer lobe; 4, chaetae on labial base; 5, cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy; 6, thoracic dorsal chaetotaxy; 7, trochanteral organ; 8, one of the inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, and the outstanding macrochaeta; 9, hind claw; 10 – 12, abdominal dorsal chaetotaxy. 10, Abd. I – III; 11, Abd. IV; 12, Abd. V; 13, anterior face of ventral tube; 14, posterior face of ventral tube and lateral flap; 15, manubrial plate; 16, mucro. Chaetae figured in full on Figs 5 - 6 and 10 - 12 are s-chaetae and bothriotricha; chaetae figured by their sockets are ordinary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185769/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
); an inner outstanding macrochaeta at about 1/3 from tibiotarsus base, ciliate and tapered, 1.5 (tibiotarsus I) to 2 times (tibiotarsus III) longer than inner edge of claw; several inner differentiated chaetae (
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB15977819DFBD996E8CE52" box="[428,494,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B1DFFB1597781C7FBD99430CE51" author="Chen" box="[502,822,1044,1070]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" refString="Chen, J. - X. &amp; Christiansen, K. A. (1993) The Genus Sinella with Special Reference to Sinella s. s. (Collembola: Entomobryidae) of China. Oriental Insects, 27, 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1993">Chen &amp; Christiansen 1993</bibRefCitation>
) slightly thicker and shorter than ordinary chaetae, with shorter cilia (
<figureCitation id="13252A69FFB159778142FBF796BACE2B" box="[371,444,1082,1108]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 16" captionStartId="2.[153,272,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,196,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[215,1366,194,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 16. Sinella whitteni sp. nov.: 2, lateral process of labial palp; 3, maxillary outer lobe; 4, chaetae on labial base; 5, cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy; 6, thoracic dorsal chaetotaxy; 7, trochanteral organ; 8, one of the inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, and the outstanding macrochaeta; 9, hind claw; 10 – 12, abdominal dorsal chaetotaxy. 10, Abd. I – III; 11, Abd. IV; 12, Abd. V; 13, anterior face of ventral tube; 14, posterior face of ventral tube and lateral flap; 15, manubrial plate; 16, mucro. Chaetae figured in full on Figs 5 - 6 and 10 - 12 are s-chaetae and bothriotricha; chaetae figured by their sockets are ordinary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185769/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Claws I and II moderately elongated, claw III normal. Inner basal paired teeth of claw tiny, at 25
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB15977817FFBAC965BCE04" bold="true" box="[334,349,1121,1147]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">–</emphasis>
30% from base of inner edge of claw; distal unpaired tooth absent; 1+1 latero-basal minute teeth, often difficult to see. Unguiculus truncate with outer edge very finely serrated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB1597780F4FB6294B0CFCE" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
Tenaculum with 4 + 4 teeth and one large striate chaeta. Ventral tube anteriorly with 8–10 ciliate chaetae on each side (
<figureCitation id="13252A69FFB15977810FFB18969ECE90" box="[318,408,1237,1263]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 16" captionStartId="2.[153,272,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,196,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[215,1366,194,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 16. Sinella whitteni sp. nov.: 2, lateral process of labial palp; 3, maxillary outer lobe; 4, chaetae on labial base; 5, cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy; 6, thoracic dorsal chaetotaxy; 7, trochanteral organ; 8, one of the inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, and the outstanding macrochaeta; 9, hind claw; 10 – 12, abdominal dorsal chaetotaxy. 10, Abd. I – III; 11, Abd. IV; 12, Abd. V; 13, anterior face of ventral tube; 14, posterior face of ventral tube and lateral flap; 15, manubrial plate; 16, mucro. Chaetae figured in full on Figs 5 - 6 and 10 - 12 are s-chaetae and bothriotricha; chaetae figured by their sockets are ordinary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185769/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
); posteriorly with 16–28 chaetae of which 6–8 are smooth; each lateral flap with 7
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB1597785B1FB1A928BCE90" bold="true" box="[1408,1421,1239,1263]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">–</emphasis>
8 smooth chaetae with 1 additional ciliate chaeta rarely present (
<figureCitation id="13252A69FFB159778392FB319307CF69" box="[931,1025,1276,1302]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 16" captionStartId="2.[153,272,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,196,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[215,1366,194,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 16. Sinella whitteni sp. nov.: 2, lateral process of labial palp; 3, maxillary outer lobe; 4, chaetae on labial base; 5, cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy; 6, thoracic dorsal chaetotaxy; 7, trochanteral organ; 8, one of the inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, and the outstanding macrochaeta; 9, hind claw; 10 – 12, abdominal dorsal chaetotaxy. 10, Abd. I – III; 11, Abd. IV; 12, Abd. V; 13, anterior face of ventral tube; 14, posterior face of ventral tube and lateral flap; 15, manubrial plate; 16, mucro. Chaetae figured in full on Figs 5 - 6 and 10 - 12 are s-chaetae and bothriotricha; chaetae figured by their sockets are ordinary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185769/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Manubrium and dentes without smooth outstanding chaetae, manubrium without thick and finely ciliated chaetae (unlike
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB15977852AFAEE928FCF43" box="[1307,1417,1315,1340]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trogla">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB15977852AFAEE928FCF43" box="[1307,1417,1315,1340]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">S. trogla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Manubrial plate with 2 pseudopores and 3(4) ciliate chaetae (
<figureCitation id="13252A69FFB1597783B1FA8494DCCF1C" box="[896,986,1353,1379]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 16" captionStartId="2.[153,272,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,196,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[215,1366,194,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 16. Sinella whitteni sp. nov.: 2, lateral process of labial palp; 3, maxillary outer lobe; 4, chaetae on labial base; 5, cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy; 6, thoracic dorsal chaetotaxy; 7, trochanteral organ; 8, one of the inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, and the outstanding macrochaeta; 9, hind claw; 10 – 12, abdominal dorsal chaetotaxy. 10, Abd. I – III; 11, Abd. IV; 12, Abd. V; 13, anterior face of ventral tube; 14, posterior face of ventral tube and lateral flap; 15, manubrial plate; 16, mucro. Chaetae figured in full on Figs 5 - 6 and 10 - 12 are s-chaetae and bothriotricha; chaetae figured by their sockets are ordinary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185769/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). Distal smooth part of dens equal to mucro in length (
<figureCitation id="13252A69FFB159778151FABD96BECFF5" box="[352,440,1392,1418]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 16" captionStartId="2.[153,272,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,196,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[215,1366,194,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 16. Sinella whitteni sp. nov.: 2, lateral process of labial palp; 3, maxillary outer lobe; 4, chaetae on labial base; 5, cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy; 6, thoracic dorsal chaetotaxy; 7, trochanteral organ; 8, one of the inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, and the outstanding macrochaeta; 9, hind claw; 10 – 12, abdominal dorsal chaetotaxy. 10, Abd. I – III; 11, Abd. IV; 12, Abd. V; 13, anterior face of ventral tube; 14, posterior face of ventral tube and lateral flap; 15, manubrial plate; 16, mucro. Chaetae figured in full on Figs 5 - 6 and 10 - 12 are s-chaetae and bothriotricha; chaetae figured by their sockets are ordinary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185769/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). Mucro bidentate, not elongated, its basal tooth as large as the apical one, with basal spine short, its tip reaching the apex of the subapical tooth (
<figureCitation id="13252A69FFB159778360FA5A94AFCFCE" box="[849,937,1431,1457]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 16" captionStartId="2.[153,272,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,196,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[215,1366,194,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 16. Sinella whitteni sp. nov.: 2, lateral process of labial palp; 3, maxillary outer lobe; 4, chaetae on labial base; 5, cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy; 6, thoracic dorsal chaetotaxy; 7, trochanteral organ; 8, one of the inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, and the outstanding macrochaeta; 9, hind claw; 10 – 12, abdominal dorsal chaetotaxy. 10, Abd. I – III; 11, Abd. IV; 12, Abd. V; 13, anterior face of ventral tube; 14, posterior face of ventral tube and lateral flap; 15, manubrial plate; 16, mucro. Chaetae figured in full on Figs 5 - 6 and 10 - 12 are s-chaetae and bothriotricha; chaetae figured by their sockets are ordinary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185769/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB1597780F4FA709262CC5B" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB1597780F4FA709630CFA8" bold="true" box="[197,310,1469,1495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Ecology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB15977810EFA7396C1CFA8" box="[319,455,1470,1495]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitteni">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB15977810EFA7396C1CFA8" box="[319,455,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">S. whitteni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the fifth large, strictly troglobitic species of Chinese
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB1597784ABFA7393F5CFA8" box="[1178,1267,1470,1495]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB1597784ABFA7393F5CFA8" box="[1178,1267,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Sinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though only moderately modified in relation to cave life. However, the species is likely to be a strict troglobite as we never got it from samples made in humid and dark habitats outside caves, where oculated
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB15977845CF9C693B9CC5B" box="[1133,1215,1547,1572]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB15977845CF9C693B9CC5B" box="[1133,1215,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Sinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are abundant.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3046567FFB1597780F4F9FC9599CC0D" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB1597780F4F9FC9599CC0D" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB1597780F4F9FC9652CC34" bold="true" box="[197,340,1585,1611]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named in honour of Tony Whitten for his enthusiastic support of biodiversity surveys and conservation of the caves in southern
<collectingCountry id="F309767CFFB159778260F995959DCC0D" box="[593,667,1624,1650]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3046567FFB1597080F4F9B3927ACFF0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB1597780F4F9B39218CD22" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB1597780F4F9B39638CCE7" bold="true" box="[197,318,1662,1688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</emphasis>
This cave species is most close to
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB1597782EDF9B2938ACCE6" authority="Chen &amp; Christiansen, 1993" authorityName="Chen &amp; Christiansen" authorityYear="1993" box="[732,1164,1663,1689]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trogla">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB1597782EDF9B29447CCE7" box="[732,833,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">S. trogla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B1DFFB159778378F9B2938ACCE6" author="Chen" box="[841,1164,1663,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" refString="Chen, J. - X. &amp; Christiansen, K. A. (1993) The Genus Sinella with Special Reference to Sinella s. s. (Collembola: Entomobryidae) of China. Oriental Insects, 27, 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1993">Chen &amp; Christiansen, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the other cave species of Guangxi, described from a Guilin cave about
<quantity id="4CE69B09FFB1597782E3F968942DCCC0" box="[722,811,1701,1727]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" unit="km" value="370.0">370 km</quantity>
from Yachang. They share absence of eyes, cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy, ciliate post-labial chaetae X,
<date id="FFA0102CFFB1597782DBF9019465CC95" box="[746,867,1740,1770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">X2 and X4</date>
, inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae finely ciliate, abundant chaetae on each side of ventral tube and chaetotaxy of Abd. I–IV.
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB15977844EF93B93E0CD70" box="[1151,1254,1782,1807]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trogla">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB15977844EF93B93E0CD70" box="[1151,1254,1782,1807]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">S. trogla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB1597785B7F93B97F3CD4A" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitteni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB1597785B7F93B97F3CD4A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">S. whitteni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595785FFB1597780CDF8D19651CD49" box="[252,343,1820,1846]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by its much longer antennae (Antenna / cephalic diagonal =3.5-4.3 against
<quantity id="4CE69B09FFB1597784FCF8D19217CD49" box="[1229,1297,1820,1846]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" unit="in" value="2.4">2.4 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB159778529F8D19292CD4A" box="[1304,1428,1820,1845]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitteni">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB159778529F8D19292CD4A" box="[1304,1428,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">S. whitteni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Ant. IV / cephalic diagonal = 2 against
<quantity id="4CE69B09FFB159778255F88E9597CD22" box="[612,657,1859,1885]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB1597782A9F88E9415CD23" box="[664,787,1859,1884]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitteni">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB1597782A9F88E9415CD23" box="[664,787,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">S. whitteni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and by several characters listed in
<tableCitation id="C69C0357FFB1597784F1F88E921ECD22" box="[1216,1304,1859,1885]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,534,558]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison between S. whitteni sp. nov. and S. trogla Chen &amp; Christiansen, 1993." pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB6597080F4FF559504CB59" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,487]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB6597080F4FF559646CACE" box="[197,320,152,177]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitteni">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB6597080F4FF559646CACE" box="[197,320,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">S. whitteni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only moderately troglomorphic, by its rather large size (like the four other troglobitic
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB65970857AFF55929ACACE" box="[1355,1436,152,177]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB65970857AFF55929ACACE" box="[1355,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Sinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of
<collectingCountry id="F309767CFFB659708089FF739604CAA7" box="[184,258,190,216]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">China</collectingCountry>
, and in contrast with non-cave species of the genus), the slight elongation of its claw compared to outside species of the genus and the absence of unpaired inner tooth on it, a character often observed in troglomorphic
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB659708177FEC196F9CB59" box="[326,511,268,294]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Entomobryidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB6597080F4FEFF97FDCB98" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,487]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
Ordinary chaetae in
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB65970818CFEFF9517CB34" box="[445,529,306,331]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB65970818CFEFF9517CB34" box="[445,529,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Sinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as in many other Entombryidae are only materialized by their socket after specimen mounting. s-chaetae have the same kind of sockets, but as they are less labile, they are usually kept on the body of mounted specimens, which allows to reconstruct their pattern. The number and arrangement of s-chaetae on tergites in this species are stable, and do not vary during postembryonic development except for Abd. IV.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF616664FFB6597080A6FDDB9382C852" box="[151,1156,534,558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB6597080A6FDDB9382C852" blockId="4.[151,1156,534,558]" box="[151,1156,534,558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB6597080A6FDDB960EC851" bold="true" box="[151,264,534,558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Comparison between
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB6597081C8FDDB956CC852" box="[505,618,534,557]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitteni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB6597081C8FDDB956CC852" box="[505,618,534,557]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">S. whitteni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB659708241FDDB95C0C851" bold="true" box="[624,710,534,558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595785FFB659708241FDDB95C0C851" box="[624,710,534,558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB6597082C8FDDB9386C852" authority="Chen &amp; Christiansen, 1993" authorityName="Chen &amp; Christiansen" authorityYear="1993" box="[761,1152,534,557]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trogla">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB6597082C8FDDB9452C852" box="[761,852,534,557]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">S. trogla</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Christiansen, 1993
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB6597080AEFD84938CCEEF" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<table id="F91EC44CFFB6A68B80A6FD84921DCEEF" box="[151,1307,585,1168]" gridcols="3" gridrows="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<tr id="352E34AEFFB6A68B80A6FD84921DC81F" box="[151,1307,585,608]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<th id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B80A6FD849568C81F" box="[151,622,585,608]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Characters</th>
<th id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B83BBFD8494FCC81F" box="[906,1018,585,608]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB6597083BBFD8494FCC81F" box="[906,1018,585,608]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitteni">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB6597083BBFD8494FCC81F" box="[906,1018,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">S. whitteni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B846AFD84921DC81F" box="[1115,1307,585,608]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB65970846AFD8493B0C81F" box="[1115,1206,585,608]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Sinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trogla">
<emphasis id="B96AEAFEFFB65970846AFD8493B0C81F" box="[1115,1206,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">S. trogla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352E34AEFFB6A68B80A6FDB9921DC8F0" box="[151,1307,628,655]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<th id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B80A6FDB99568C8F0" box="[151,622,628,655]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Post-labial chaeta X3</th>
<td id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B83BBFDB994FCC8F0" box="[906,1018,628,655]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">absent</td>
<td id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B846AFDB9921DC8F0" box="[1115,1307,628,655]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352E34AEFFB6A68B80A6FD6C921DC93C" box="[151,1307,673,835]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<th id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B80A6FD6C9568C93C" box="[151,622,673,835]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Th. II dorsal macrochaetae m1i m2i2 m4i p4</th>
<td id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B83BBFD6C94FCC93C" box="[906,1018,673,835]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">present present absent present</td>
<td id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B846AFD6C921DC93C" box="[1115,1307,673,835]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">absent absent present absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352E34AEFFB6A68B80A6FC9B921DC9EF" box="[151,1307,854,912]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<th id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B80A6FC9B9568C9EF" box="[151,622,854,912]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Th. III dorsal macrochaetae m6ai2</th>
<td id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B83BBFC9B94FCC9EF" box="[906,1018,854,912]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">present</td>
<td id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B846AFC9B921DC9EF" box="[1115,1307,854,912]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352E34AEFFB6A68B80A6FC69921DC9C4" box="[151,1307,932,955]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<th id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B80A6FC699568C9C4" box="[151,622,932,955]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Ungual inner unpaired tooth</th>
<td id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B83BBFC6994FCC9C4" box="[906,1018,932,955]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">absent</td>
<td id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B846AFC69921DC9C4" box="[1115,1307,932,955]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352E34AEFFB6A68B80A6FC03921DC99A" box="[151,1307,974,997]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<th id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B80A6FC039568C99A" box="[151,622,974,997]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Outer edge of unguiculus</th>
<td id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B83BBFC0394FCC99A" box="[906,1018,974,997]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">serrate</td>
<td id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B846AFC03921DC99A" box="[1115,1307,974,997]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">with a small tooth</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352E34AEFFB6A68B80A6FC34921DCE6F" box="[151,1307,1017,1040]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<th id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B80A6FC349568CE6F" box="[151,622,1017,1040]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Thickened chaetae on manubrium</th>
<td id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B83BBFC3494FCCE6F" box="[906,1018,1017,1040]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">absent</td>
<td id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B846AFC34921DCE6F" box="[1115,1307,1017,1040]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352E34AEFFB6A68B80A6FBE9921DCE44" box="[151,1307,1060,1083]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<th id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B80A6FBE99568CE44" box="[151,622,1060,1083]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Number of pseudopores on manubrial plate</th>
<td id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B83BBFBE994FCCE44" box="[906,1018,1060,1083]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">2</td>
<td id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B846AFBE9921DCE44" box="[1115,1307,1060,1083]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352E34AEFFB6A68B80A6FB83921DCE1A" box="[151,1307,1102,1125]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<th id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B80A6FB839568CE1A" box="[151,622,1102,1125]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Mucro elongated</th>
<td id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B83BBFB8394FCCE1A" box="[906,1018,1102,1125]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">no</td>
<td id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B846AFB83921DCE1A" box="[1115,1307,1102,1125]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">yes</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352E34AEFFB6A68B80A6FBB4921DCEEF" box="[151,1307,1145,1168]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<th id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B80A6FBB49568CEEF" box="[151,622,1145,1168]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Mucronal basal spine</th>
<td id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B83BBFBB494FCCEEF" box="[906,1018,1145,1168]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">short</td>
<td id="76FF5DD2FFB6A68B846AFBB4921DCEEF" box="[1115,1307,1145,1168]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">long</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136ECFFB6597080F4FB17927ACFF0" blockId="4.[151,1437,1242,1423]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
Chaetotaxy of
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB65970814AFB179531CE8B" box="[379,567,1242,1268]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Entomobryidae</taxonomicName>
including s-chaetae (‘setulae’) was first explored by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B1DFFB6597084FDFB179291CE8B" author="Szeptycki" box="[1228,1431,1242,1268]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" refString="Szeptycki, A. (1972) Morpho-systematic studies on Collembola. III. Body chaetotaxy in the first instars of several genera of the Entomobryomorpha. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 17, 341 - 372." type="journal article" year="1972">Szeptycki (1972</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B1DFFB6597080A6FACC97DCCF64" author="Szeptycki" box="[151,218,1281,1307]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" refString="Szeptycki, A. (1979) Morpho-systematic studies on Collembola. Chaetotaxy of the Entomobryidae and its phylogenetical significance. IV. Polska Akademia Nauk, Zaklad Zoologii Systematycznej i Doswiadczalnej, Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa, Krakow, 218 pp." type="book" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
), in a wide diversity of taxa, but he did not focus on their arrangement as a potential taxonomic character, and most records of s-chaetae in previous literature are incomplete or inaccurate for this family. Schaetotaxy is now used as a powerful tool for the taxonomy of different Collembolan families (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B1DFFB6597084C1FA839291CF17" author="Potapov" box="[1264,1431,1358,1384]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" refString="Potapov, M. (1989) The use of sensorial chaetotaxy in taxonomy of some Isotomidae (Collembola). 3 rd International Seminar on Apterygota, 35 - 42." type="book chapter" year="1989">Potapov 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B1DFFB6597080A6FAB89658CFF0" author="Deharveng" box="[151,350,1397,1423]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" refString="Deharveng, L. (2004) Recent advances in Collembola systematics. Pedobiologia, 48, 415 - 433." type="journal article" year="2004">Deharveng 2004</bibRefCitation>
), but its interest in
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB65970820CFAB895F3CFF0" box="[573,757,1397,1423]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Entomobryidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB659708331FAB89495CFF0" box="[768,915,1397,1423]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Paronellidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D6FFFB6597083FDFAB89362CFF0" box="[972,1124,1397,1423]" class="Entognatha" family="Tomoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tomoceridae</taxonomicName>
remains to be assessed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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