446 lines
63 KiB
XML
446 lines
63 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="502CC36BD794784EDCDE68F9ADCF9EB7">Revision of the Afrotropical genus Afrepipona Giordani Soika, 1965 and description of Afrepsilon gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="127B6772EA139F4A924F01EAFDBC56A8">Selis, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5F2AB7C2CB67BE0C12CDE2103095419C" type="email">marcozetsu@hotmail.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="36DE2E6C36830D78C188D2275AE29960">Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="39C33BDB59E38E9F36786B52C61B13E5">Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79 street, New York, NY 10024, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D79E2342B86208CAF1A869CB6C3ABF79" type="email">carpente@amnh.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="F140711AEBCB6209A146686F643354BC">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="00C27B91A7B3A79C84112D473048A655">
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<mods:date id="29D6463A10B2CABDF2F8833AE29CB898">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CEF347CE1BA3D15722E032F2B8E8559E">2024-07-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5D46947D57E155E8E8859D03A79B56E5">944</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B71833FF9FB31B2E6B91D6FBE4F942" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3D4F4E28-A50F-4F14-BD2F-F308F42B4AC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B71833FF9FB31B2E6B91D6FBE4F942" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection id="C304FAAEFF9FB31E2E6B91D6FC65F9C3" box="[631,957,1523,1550]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA1A925FF9FB31E2E6B91D6FC65F9C3" blockId="57.[366,1222,1523,1620]" box="[631,957,1523,1550]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<heading id="D0E91E49FF9FB31E2E6B91D6FC65F9C3" box="[631,957,1523,1550]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9FB31E2ED691D6FC65F9C3" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[714,957,1523,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9FB31E2ED691D6FC92F9C3" bold="true" box="[714,842,1523,1550]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A259C84CFF9FB31E2F4E91D1FC65F9C3" box="[850,957,1524,1550]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C304FAAEFF9FB31E2D729233FC9BF999" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA1A925FF9FB31E2D729233FB1EF9FC" blockId="57.[366,1222,1523,1620]" box="[366,1222,1558,1585]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<uri id="FF8FA527FF9FB31E2D729233FB1EF9FC" box="[366,1222,1558,1585]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFB893F0FF9FB31E2E919233FB1EF9FC" box="[653,1222,1558,1585]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">3D4F4E28-A50F-4F14-BD2F-F308F42B4AC4</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA1A925FF9FB31E2EEC921CFC9BF999" blockId="57.[366,1222,1523,1620]" box="[752,835,1593,1620]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<figureCitation id="1325B5A0FF9FB31E2EEC921CFC9BF999" box="[752,835,1593,1620]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-11@59.[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 21. Diagnostic characters of Afrepsilon gen. nov. A–C, F. A. hybridum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Umtali (MSNVE). D, H. A. aterrimum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Uganda (SNVE). E, G. A. ferrugineoaureum gen. et sp. nov., ♂, paratype from Berea (MSVI). A. Head, frontal view. B. Mandible, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Palpi, lateral view. E. Head, lateral view. F. Metanotum and propodeum, posterior view. G. Apex of wing, dorsal view. H. T1–2, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, E–H = 1 mm; D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12808621/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304FAAEFF9FB31E2CA1925EFD15F909" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BA1A925FF9FB31E2CA1925EFE81F958" blockId="57.[189,345,1659,1685]" box="[189,345,1659,1685]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<heading id="D0E91E49FF9FB31E2CA1925EFE81F958" bold="true" box="[189,345,1659,1685]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9FB31E2CA1925EFE81F958" bold="true" box="[189,345,1659,1685]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<typeStatus id="54A51787FF9FB31E2CA1925EFF23F958" box="[189,251,1659,1685]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BA1A925FF9FB31E2CA1928CFD15F909" blockId="57.[189,717,1705,1732]" box="[189,717,1705,1732]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9FB31E2CA1928CFDCEF909" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,534,1705,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineoaureum" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9FB31E2CA1928CFDCEF909" box="[189,534,1705,1732]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Afrepsilon ferrugineoaureum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A259C84CFF9FB31E2E01928FFD15F909" box="[541,717,1706,1732]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304FAAEFF9FB31E2CA192CEFB84F8B6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BA1A925FF9FB31E2CA192CEFE9DF8C8" blockId="57.[189,325,1771,1797]" box="[189,325,1771,1797]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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||
<heading id="D0E91E49FF9FB31E2CA192CEFE9DF8C8" bold="true" box="[189,325,1771,1797]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9FB31E2CA192CEFE9DF8C8" bold="true" box="[189,325,1771,1797]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA1A925FF9FB31E2CA1933CFB84F8B6" blockId="57.[189,1399,1817,1915]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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The genus name is derived from the combination of ‘Afro’ and ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9FB31E2FB8933CFC27F8FE" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1855" box="[932,1023,1817,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Epsilon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9FB31E2FB8933CFC27F8FE" box="[932,1023,1817,1843]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Epsilon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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’. The first comes from the Latin adjective ‘
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<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9FB31E2D269318FEB2F89A" box="[314,362,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">afer</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9FB31E2D669318FE73F89A" box="[378,427,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">afra</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9FB31E2DA09318FDDBF89A" box="[444,515,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">afrum</emphasis>
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’ (= ‘African’), referring to the distribution of the genus, while the second refers to the similarity to the Indo-Australian genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9FB31E2F029345FB80F8B6" authority="de Saussure, 1855" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1855" box="[798,1112,1888,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Epsilon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9FB31E2F029345FCA1F8B7" box="[798,889,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Epsilon</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8FD4D4FF9FB31E2F9C9345FB80F8B6" author="de Saussure H." box="[896,1112,1888,1915]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref39367" refString="de Saussure H. 1855. Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 3. La monographie des Masariens et un supplement a la Monographie des Eumeniens. J. Kessmann & J. Cherbuliez, Geneve & V. Masson, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 39973" type="book" year="1855">de Saussure, 1855</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304FAAEFF9CB31B2CA1952DFBE4F942" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA1A925FF9CB31D2CA1952DFEEFFEEF" blockId="58.[189,311,264,290]" box="[189,311,264,290]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<heading id="D0E91E49FF9CB31D2CA1952DFEEFFEEF" bold="true" box="[189,311,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9CB31D2CA1952DFEEFFEEF" bold="true" box="[189,311,264,290]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA1A925FF9CB31D2CA19512FB8FFBF9" blockId="58.[188,1399,311,1077]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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Distinguished from other Afrotropical genera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9CB31D2EEC9512FCACFE9C" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[752,884,311,337]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eumeninae">Eumeninae</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: head markedly transverse; clypeus apically emarginate and lacking longitudinal carinae, apical margin about as wide as interantennal distance (
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<figureCitation id="1325B5A0FF9CB31D2EB99558FCCDFE55" box="[677,789,381,408]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-11@59.[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 21. Diagnostic characters of Afrepsilon gen. nov. A–C, F. A. hybridum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Umtali (MSNVE). D, H. A. aterrimum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Uganda (SNVE). E, G. A. ferrugineoaureum gen. et sp. nov., ♂, paratype from Berea (MSVI). A. Head, frontal view. B. Mandible, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Palpi, lateral view. E. Head, lateral view. F. Metanotum and propodeum, posterior view. G. Apex of wing, dorsal view. H. T1–2, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, E–H = 1 mm; D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12808621/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
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); mandible long and narrow with five teeth, apical teeth about as long as basally wide, fifth tooth small and almost completely fused with fourth in single cutting edge, basal smooth part of mandible longer than apical dentate part (
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<figureCitation id="1325B5A0FF9CB31D285A95E1FB6BFE13" box="[1094,1203,452,478]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-11@59.[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 21. Diagnostic characters of Afrepsilon gen. nov. A–C, F. A. hybridum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Umtali (MSNVE). D, H. A. aterrimum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Uganda (SNVE). E, G. A. ferrugineoaureum gen. et sp. nov., ♂, paratype from Berea (MSVI). A. Head, frontal view. B. Mandible, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Palpi, lateral view. E. Head, lateral view. F. Metanotum and propodeum, posterior view. G. Apex of wing, dorsal view. H. T1–2, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, E–H = 1 mm; D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12808621/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
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); palpal formula 6:4, labial palpi short and robust and densely setose, first segment of labial palpi robust and strongly expanding and third segment with thick subapical seta (
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<figureCitation id="1325B5A0FF9CB31D2F40962FFC14FDE9" box="[860,972,522,548]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-11@59.[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 21. Diagnostic characters of Afrepsilon gen. nov. A–C, F. A. hybridum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Umtali (MSNVE). D, H. A. aterrimum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Uganda (SNVE). E, G. A. ferrugineoaureum gen. et sp. nov., ♂, paratype from Berea (MSVI). A. Head, frontal view. B. Mandible, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Palpi, lateral view. E. Head, lateral view. F. Metanotum and propodeum, posterior view. G. Apex of wing, dorsal view. H. T1–2, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, E–H = 1 mm; D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12808621/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 21D</figureCitation>
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); vertex short, 1.2–1.4 × as long as distance between ocellus and eye, with sharp occipital carina, cephalic foveae of female placed in a barely depressed area (except
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<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9CB31D2E359674FD46FDA7" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[553,670,593,619]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictum">
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<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9CB31D2E359674FD46FDA7" box="[553,670,593,619]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. pictum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1325B5A0FF9CB31D2EA69674FCF1FDA6" box="[698,809,593,619]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-11@59.[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 21. Diagnostic characters of Afrepsilon gen. nov. A–C, F. A. hybridum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Umtali (MSNVE). D, H. A. aterrimum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Uganda (SNVE). E, G. A. ferrugineoaureum gen. et sp. nov., ♂, paratype from Berea (MSVI). A. Head, frontal view. B. Mandible, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Palpi, lateral view. E. Head, lateral view. F. Metanotum and propodeum, posterior view. G. Apex of wing, dorsal view. H. T1–2, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, E–H = 1 mm; D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12808621/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
|
||
); gena narrow, shorter than dorsal lobe of eye in dorsal view, and more or less parallel-sided in lateral view, strongly crenate along occipital carina in male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1325B5A0FF9CB31D2D1596B2FEA9FD7C" box="[265,369,663,689]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-11@59.[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 21. Diagnostic characters of Afrepsilon gen. nov. A–C, F. A. hybridum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Umtali (MSNVE). D, H. A. aterrimum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Uganda (SNVE). E, G. A. ferrugineoaureum gen. et sp. nov., ♂, paratype from Berea (MSVI). A. Head, frontal view. B. Mandible, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Palpi, lateral view. E. Head, lateral view. F. Metanotum and propodeum, posterior view. G. Apex of wing, dorsal view. H. T1–2, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, E–H = 1 mm; D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12808621/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 21E</figureCitation>
|
||
); anterior face of pronotum smooth and without pits or foveae, pronotal carina forming even curve on humeri; epicnemial carina distinct but dull; metanotum not carinate and evenly sloping from scutellum to propodeum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1325B5A0FF9CB31D2E2196F8FD73FD35" box="[573,683,733,760]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-11@59.[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 21. Diagnostic characters of Afrepsilon gen. nov. A–C, F. A. hybridum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Umtali (MSNVE). D, H. A. aterrimum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Uganda (SNVE). E, G. A. ferrugineoaureum gen. et sp. nov., ♂, paratype from Berea (MSVI). A. Head, frontal view. B. Mandible, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Palpi, lateral view. E. Head, lateral view. F. Metanotum and propodeum, posterior view. G. Apex of wing, dorsal view. H. T1–2, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, E–H = 1 mm; D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12808621/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 21F</figureCitation>
|
||
); tegula with short posterior lobe not equaling parategula, axillary fossa small and oval; prestigma shorter than half pterostigma, second submarginal cell sessile and with acute basal angle, second recurrent vein interstitial (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1325B5A0FF9CB31D2FAA9701FBF0FCF3" box="[950,1064,804,830]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-11@59.[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 21. Diagnostic characters of Afrepsilon gen. nov. A–C, F. A. hybridum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Umtali (MSNVE). D, H. A. aterrimum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Uganda (SNVE). E, G. A. ferrugineoaureum gen. et sp. nov., ♂, paratype from Berea (MSVI). A. Head, frontal view. B. Mandible, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Palpi, lateral view. E. Head, lateral view. F. Metanotum and propodeum, posterior view. G. Apex of wing, dorsal view. H. T1–2, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, E–H = 1 mm; D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12808621/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 21G</figureCitation>
|
||
); propodeum short and not extended behind metanotum, dorsal faces placed below level of rest of mesosoma, propodeum without dorsal and lateral carinae (with weak dorsal carina in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9CB31D2F2D974EFC7BFC49" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[817,931,875,901]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9CB31D2F2D974EFC7BFC49" box="[817,931,875,901]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. pictum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), submarginal carina weakly developed above valvula and completely fused with it, posterior face of propodeum with long longitudinal carina connected to basal depressed subtriangular sclerite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1325B5A0FF9CB31D2F319794FC4FFC06" box="[813,919,945,971]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-11@59.[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 21. Diagnostic characters of Afrepsilon gen. nov. A–C, F. A. hybridum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Umtali (MSNVE). D, H. A. aterrimum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Uganda (SNVE). E, G. A. ferrugineoaureum gen. et sp. nov., ♂, paratype from Berea (MSVI). A. Head, frontal view. B. Mandible, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Palpi, lateral view. E. Head, lateral view. F. Metanotum and propodeum, posterior view. G. Apex of wing, dorsal view. H. T1–2, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, E–H = 1 mm; D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12808621/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 21F</figureCitation>
|
||
); metasoma sessile; T1 not carinate and with short hyaline apical margin; apical margin of T2 shortly translucent and with transverse lamellar ridge along basal margin of translucent part, appearing duplicate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1325B5A0FF9CB31D2FA697D2FBFEFBDC" box="[954,1062,1015,1041]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-11@59.[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 21. Diagnostic characters of Afrepsilon gen. nov. A–C, F. A. hybridum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Umtali (MSNVE). D, H. A. aterrimum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Uganda (SNVE). E, G. A. ferrugineoaureum gen. et sp. nov., ♂, paratype from Berea (MSVI). A. Head, frontal view. B. Mandible, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Palpi, lateral view. E. Head, lateral view. F. Metanotum and propodeum, posterior view. G. Apex of wing, dorsal view. H. T1–2, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, E–H = 1 mm; D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12808621/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 21H</figureCitation>
|
||
); aedeagus apically bifid and with very large ventral lobes sharply separated from rest of base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1325B5A0FF9CB31D2FA1903FFB92FBF9" box="[957,1098,1050,1076]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionTargetBox="[371,1212,265,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-16@74.[371,1217,265,1536]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 27. Male genitalia: aedeagus in ventral view, aedeagus in lateral view, digitus. A. Afrepipona angusta (de Saussure, 1863) from Adi Keyh (MSVI). B. Afrepipona cellularis sp. nov., holotype from Nyamandhlovu (MSNVE). C. Afrepipona clonata sp. nov., holotype from Nairobi (MSNVE). D. Afrepipona cuprea sp. nov., paratype from Malindi (MSVI). E. Afrepipona lamptoensis Giordani Soika, 1965 from Lamto (AMNH).F. Afrepipona lobulata sp. nov.,holotype from Lubumbashi (AMNH). G. Afrepipona macrocephala (Gribodo, 1894) from Delagoa (MSNVE). H. Afrepipona meridionalis sp. nov., holotype from Durban (MSNVE). I. Afrepipona occidentalis sp. nov., paratype from Lamto (MSNVE).J. Afrepipona punctatissima sp. nov.,holotype from Maralal (MSNVE).K. Afrepipona scabra sp. nov., paratype from Kabongo (MSNVE). L. Afrepipona segregata sp. nov., holotype from Tulear (NHMW). M. Afrepipona tertia Gusenleitner, 2011, holotype from Bangui (OLML). N. Afrepipona ulterior sp. nov., paratype from Pretoria (MSVI). O. Afrepipona vulcanica sp. nov., paratype from Mount Kilimanjaro (MSVI). P. Afrepsilon ferrugineoaureum gen. et sp. nov., paratype from Berea (MSVI). Q. Afrepsilon minor gen. et gen. et sp. nov., holotype from Mount Kilimanjaro (OLML)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12808640/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 27P–Q</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1A925FF9CB31D2CA1907EFE14FBB8" blockId="58.[189,460,1115,1141]" box="[189,460,1115,1141]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<heading id="D0E91E49FF9CB31D2CA1907EFE14FBB8" bold="true" box="[189,460,1115,1141]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9CB31D2CA1907EFE14FBB8" bold="true" box="[189,460,1115,1141]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1A925FF9CB31D2CA190AFFE1DFA2C" blockId="58.[189,1401,1162,1505]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
The new genus is morphologically similar to the Indo-Australian genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9CB31D281790AFFA9CFB68" authority="de Saussure, 1855" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1855" box="[1035,1348,1162,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Epsilon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9CB31D281790AFFBBEFB69" box="[1035,1126,1162,1188]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Epsilon</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8FD4D4FF9CB31D287190AFFA9CFB68" author="de Saussure H." box="[1133,1348,1162,1189]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref39367" refString="de Saussure H. 1855. Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 3. La monographie des Masariens et un supplement a la Monographie des Eumeniens. J. Kessmann & J. Cherbuliez, Geneve & V. Masson, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 39973" type="book" year="1855">de Saussure, 1855</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differs in the following aspects [characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9CB31D2ED19088FCF0FB0A" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1855" box="[717,808,1197,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Epsilon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9CB31D2ED19088FCF0FB0A" box="[717,808,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Epsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in brackets]: male F11 finger-shaped with rounded apex and long [subtriangular with pointed apex and very short], mesosoma weakly elongate [short and robust, squat-bodied], posterior lobe of tegula blunt and not equaling parategula [sharply pointed and equaling parategula], parategulae narrow and curved or straight [wide and angled], epicnemial carina exceeding epipleural suture above and disappearing on mesosternum below [not exceeding epipleural suture above and touching contralateral carina on mid-line of mesosternum], basal triangular sclerite of propodeum depressed [flattened with two lateral pits], submarginal carina barely produced above valvula [forming a rounded lobe above valvula], S2 normally convex in middle of the base [depressed in middle of the base].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1A925FF9CB31D2CA1922DFD0EF98B" blockId="58.[189,1399,1544,1606]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Following the key written by Gusenleitner and published in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8FD4D4FF9CB31D2F86922CFB69F9EE" author="Carpenter J. M. & Gusenleitner J. & Madl M." box="[922,1201,1544,1571]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="513 - 638" refId="ref39290" refString="Carpenter J. M., Gusenleitner J. & Madl M. 2009. A catalogue of the Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of the Ethiopian region excluding Malagasy subregion. Part I: Introduction, key to genera, genera Aethiopicodynerus Gusenleitner 1997 to Cyrtolabulus van der Vecht 1969. Linzer biologische Beitrage 41 (1): 513 - 638. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 5276247" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Carpenter
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9CB31D2804922CFB8EF9EF" box="[1048,1110,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, it is difficult to correctly place the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9CB31D2DF59209FDBBF98B" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[489,611,1580,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9CB31D2DF59209FDBBF98B" box="[489,611,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A259C84CFF9CB31D2E779209FD0EF98B" box="[619,726,1580,1606]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1A925FF9CB31D2CA19248FDD2F809" blockId="58.[186,1400,1645,1988]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Couplet 1 divides the genera with the second recurrent vein interstitial or received in the third submarginal cell from those with the vein received in the second submarginal cell.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9CB31D2FE292B5FBA0F967" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[1022,1144,1680,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9CB31D2FE292B5FBA0F967" box="[1022,1144,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A259C84CFF9CB31D289C92B4FB36F966" box="[1152,1262,1681,1707]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, having the interstitial second recurrent vein, would fall into the first group, which however in the key includes only the genera attributed to the so-called “Raphiglossini”, a group well characterized and clearly distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9CB31D2DBF92DFFDC5F8D9" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[419,541,1786,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9CB31D2DBF92DFFDC5F8D9" box="[419,541,1786,1812]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for numerous characters (e.g., antenna of the male not modified at apex, second submarginal cell obtuse at the base, strongly elongated mouthparts in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9CB31D285C9338FA9EF8FA" authority="Saunders" authorityName="Saunders" box="[1088,1350,1821,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Raphiglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9CB31D285C9338FB0BF8FA" box="[1088,1235,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Raphiglossa</emphasis>
|
||
Saunders
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9CB31D2CA09365FE03F897" authority="Giordani Soika" authorityName="Giordani Soika" box="[188,475,1856,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Elisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9CB31D2CA09365FECFF897" box="[188,279,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Elisella</emphasis>
|
||
Giordani Soika
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The interstitial second recurrent vein is actually also found in various other genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9CB31D2D259346FE18F8B0" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[313,448,1891,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eumeninae">Eumeninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9CB31D2EE49346FC17F8B0" authority="Lepeletier" authorityName="Lepeletier" box="[760,975,1891,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Alastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9CB31D2EE49346FC97F8B0" box="[760,847,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Alastor</emphasis>
|
||
Lepeletier
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9CB31D28829346FB21F8B0" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1855" box="[1182,1273,1891,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Epsilon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9CB31D28829346FB21F8B0" box="[1182,1273,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Epsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
outside of the African fauna; the position of the vein therefore cannot be used as the sole diagnostic character and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9CB31D2CA1938FFEEFF809" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,311,1962,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9CB31D2CA1938FFEEFF809" box="[189,311,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
runs to couplet 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF61F9ADFF9DB31C2CA1933BFCD4F824" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808621" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12808621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12808621/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" startId="59.[189,232,1822,1848]" targetBox="[277,1310,265,1784]" targetPageId="59">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1A925FF9DB31C2CA1933BFCD4F824" blockId="59.[188,1399,1822,2025]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9DB31C2CA1933BFEF8F8F5" bold="true" box="[189,288,1822,1848]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 21.</emphasis>
|
||
Diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9DB31C2E7E933BFD04F8F5" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[610,732,1822,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9DB31C2E7E933BFD04F8F5" box="[610,732,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A259C84CFF9DB31C2EF6933AFC82F8F4" box="[746,858,1823,1849]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9DB31C2F7B933BFC1FF8F5" bold="true" box="[871,967,1822,1848]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A–C, F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9DB31C2FC0933AFBABF8F5" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[988,1139,1822,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hybridum" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9DB31C2FC0933AFBABF8F5" box="[988,1139,1822,1849]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A. hybridum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A259C84CFF9DB31C289D933AFA9FF8F4" box="[1153,1351,1823,1849]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♀, holotype from Umtali (MSNVE).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9DB31C2E7F9367FD7BF891" bold="true" box="[611,675,1858,1884]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D, H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9DB31C2EAA9367FC81F896" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[694,857,1858,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aterrimum" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9DB31C2EAA9367FC81F896" box="[694,857,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A. aterrimum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A259C84CFF9DB31C2F799367FBFFF891" box="[869,1063,1858,1884]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♀, holotype from Uganda (SNVE).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9DB31C2D309340FEBDF8B3" bold="true" box="[300,357,1892,1919]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">E, G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9DB31C2D6F9340FDB3F8B2" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[371,619,1893,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineoaureum" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9DB31C2D6F9340FDB3F8B2" box="[371,619,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A. ferrugineoaureum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A259C84CFF9DB31C2E6D9340FCFCF8B2" box="[625,804,1893,1919]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♂, paratype from Berea (MSVI).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9DB31C28A59341FB16F8B3" bold="true" box="[1209,1230,1892,1918]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Head, frontal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9DB31C2D1A93ADFEC2F86F" bold="true" box="[262,282,1928,1954]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Mandible, frontal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9DB31C2E5293ADFDBBF86F" bold="true" box="[590,611,1928,1954]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Head, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9DB31C2F4393ADFCACF86F" bold="true" box="[863,884,1928,1954]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Palpi, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9DB31C286C93ADFB5CF86F" bold="true" box="[1136,1156,1928,1954]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Head, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9DB31C2CA1938EFF17F808" bold="true" box="[189,207,1963,1989]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Metanotum and propodeum, posterior view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9DB31C2EE6938EFCC9F808" bold="true" box="[762,785,1963,1989]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Apex of wing, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9DB31C2868938EFB53F808" bold="true" box="[1140,1163,1963,1989]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">H</emphasis>
|
||
. T1–2, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, E–H = 1 mm; D = 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1A925FF9AB31B2CA1952CFAB5FE7C" blockId="60.[189,1399,265,433]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Couplet 45 distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2DE1952CFD59FEEE" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[509,641,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eumeninae">Eumeninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a translucent apical margin on T1 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2886952CFE91FE8B" authority="Dalla Torre, 1904" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2886952CFAFFFEEE" box="[1178,1319,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Euodynerus</emphasis>
|
||
Dalla Torre, 1904
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and related genera) from those with a non-translucent margin.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B284D9509FB13FE8B" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[1105,1227,300,326]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B284D9509FB13FE8B" box="[1105,1227,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A259C84CFF9AB31B28CA9508FA9DFE8A" box="[1238,1349,301,327]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has a differentiated apical margin, which appears very thin, almost hyaline and separated from the rest of the tergite by a shallow step, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2E639557FCD4FE41" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1904" box="[639,780,370,396]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2E639557FCD4FE41" box="[639,780,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Euodynerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and related genera the apical margin is clearly more developed, translucent and in continuity with the rest of the tergite.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2FCB95B3FB89FE7D" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[983,1105,406,432]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2FCB95B3FB89FE7D" box="[983,1105,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
then runs to couplet 54.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1A925FF9AB31B2CA195F2FD11FD25" blockId="60.[189,1401,471,744]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
At couplet 58,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2D7695F2FE3CFE3C" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[362,484,471,497]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2D7695F2FE3CFE3C" box="[362,484,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A259C84CFF9AB31B2DF095FDFD8FFE3F" box="[492,599,472,498]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
corresponds to the second choice due to the prestigma being shorter than half of the pterostigma, but the character relating to the axillary fossa could leave some doubts. The couplet distinguishes between slit-like fossa and rounded fossa but does not take into account the genera with an intermediate morphology, consisting of a very narrow oval pit. This is one of the weakest and least reliable characters of the key, as there are numerous exceptions that do not allow the couplet to be used adequately (e.g., some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2EC696A2FCA8FD6C" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1855" box="[730,880,647,673]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Antodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2EC696A2FCA8FD6C" box="[730,880,647,673]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Antodynerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a significantly narrower pit than some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2CA1968FFE2FFD09" authority="Spinola, 1806" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1806" box="[189,503,682,708]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Rhynchium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2CA1968FFE9AFD09" box="[189,322,682,708]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Rhynchium</emphasis>
|
||
Spinola, 1806
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In any case,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2EB7968FFCFDFD09" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[683,805,682,708]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2EB7968FFCFDFD09" box="[683,805,682,708]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
runs to couplet 69, showing no affinity with the genera considered to have a “slit-like” fossa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1A925FF9AB31B2CA1972AFC39FBD2" blockId="60.[189,1399,783,1056]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
The blunt epicnemial carina in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2E30972AFD7EFCE4" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[556,678,783,809]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2E30972AFD7EFCE4" box="[556,678,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A259C84CFF9AB31B2EB19735FCC0FCE7" box="[685,792,784,810]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
could cast doubt at couplet 78, which distinguishes a genus without epicnemial carina,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2E6E9716FBC1FC81" authority="Giordani Soika, 1974" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1974" box="[626,1049,818,844]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Postepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2E6E9716FCDEFC81" box="[626,774,819,844]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Postepipona</emphasis>
|
||
Giordani Soika, 1974
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from those with the carina. The examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A51787FF9AB31B2DFD9773FDCCFCBD" box="[481,532,854,880]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2E839773FCEBFCA2" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1974" box="[671,819,854,879]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Postepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2E839773FCEBFCA2" box="[671,819,854,879]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Postepipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2F599773FB01FCBD" authority="Giordani Soika, 1974" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1974" box="[837,1241,853,880]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Postepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socotrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2F599773FC13FCA2" box="[837,971,854,879]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">P. socotrae</emphasis>
|
||
Giordani Soika, 1974
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has actually shown that the epicnemial carina is present, although very short and weak. However, this does not pose problems, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2D8797B8FDF7FC7B" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1974" box="[411,559,925,950]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Postepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2D8797B8FDF7FC7B" box="[411,559,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Postepipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2F5397B9FB6FFC7A" authority="de Saussure, 1855" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1855" box="[847,1207,924,951]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Antepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2F5397B9FC00FC7B" box="[847,984,924,950]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Antepipona</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8FD4D4FF9AB31B2FC397B9FB6FFC7A" author="de Saussure H." box="[991,1207,924,951]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref39367" refString="de Saussure H. 1855. Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 3. La monographie des Masariens et un supplement a la Monographie des Eumeniens. J. Kessmann & J. Cherbuliez, Geneve & V. Masson, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 39973" type="book" year="1855">de Saussure, 1855</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(this synonymy will be treated in more depth in another paper), a genus immediately distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B28CB979AFA89FC14" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[1239,1361,959,985]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B28CB979AFA89FC14" box="[1239,1361,959,985]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by numerous characters, including the submarginal carina of the propodeum forming a pointed lobe above the propodeal valvula and the narrow and posteriorly pointed tegula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1A925FF9AB31B2CA19062FE88F9CA" blockId="60.[186,1399,1095,1543]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2D3C9062FE42FBAC" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[288,410,1095,1121]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2D3C9062FE42FBAC" box="[288,410,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A259C84CFF9AB31B2DB99062FDCBFBAC" box="[421,531,1095,1121]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
runs to couplet 81, the last of the key, in which the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B28E89062FE19FB49" authority="Giordani Soika, 1987" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Allepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B28E89062FAAEFBAC" box="[1268,1398,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Allepipona</emphasis>
|
||
Giordani Soika, 1987
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2E1E904FFC7FFB49" authority="Giordani Soika, 1973" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1973" box="[514,935,1130,1156]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Stellepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2E1E904FFD4EFB49" box="[514,662,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Stellepipona</emphasis>
|
||
Giordani Soika, 1973
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinguished, on the basis of the morphology of the metanotum.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2E2E90A8FD74FB6A" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[562,684,1165,1191]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2E2E90A8FD74FB6A" box="[562,684,1165,1191]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is immediately distinguished from both genera by numerous characters, among which the most evident are the gena (very narrow in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B28109095FB5EFB07" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[1036,1158,1200,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B28109095FB5EFB07" box="[1036,1158,1200,1226]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, wide in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B28E99095FAAFFB07" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1987" box="[1269,1399,1200,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Allepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B28E99095FAAFFB07" box="[1269,1399,1200,1226]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Allepipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2CEE90F1FE5EFB23" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1973" box="[242,390,1236,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Stellepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2CEE90F1FE5EFB23" box="[242,390,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Stellepipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the metanotum (sloping in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2EF590F1FCBBFB23" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[745,867,1236,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2EF590F1FCBBFB23" box="[745,867,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, almost vertical in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B284D90F1FB0BFB23" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1987" box="[1105,1235,1236,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Allepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B284D90F1FB0BFB23" box="[1105,1235,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Allepipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the axillary fossa (smaller than an ocellus and with strongly widened lateral lamella in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B285490D2FB18FADC" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[1096,1216,1271,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B285490D2FB18FADC" box="[1096,1216,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, larger than an ocellus and with moderately widened lamella in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2EE6913FFC56FAF9" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1973" box="[762,910,1306,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Stellepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2EE6913FFC56FAF9" box="[762,910,1306,1332]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Stellepipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as large as the antennal torulus and with thin lamella in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2D649118FE22FA9A" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1987" box="[376,506,1341,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Allepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2D649118FE22FA9A" box="[376,506,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Allepipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the tegula (short and wide with blunt posterior lobe in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B28AA9118FAE8FA9A" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[1206,1328,1341,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B28AA9118FAE8FA9A" box="[1206,1328,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, long and narrow with variably acute lobe in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2E819145FCC7FAB7" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1987" box="[669,799,1376,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Allepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2E819145FCC7FAB7" box="[669,799,1376,1402]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Allepipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2F419145FC37FAB7" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1973" box="[861,1007,1376,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Stellepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2F419145FC37FAB7" box="[861,1007,1376,1402]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Stellepipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the dorsal faces of propodeum (almost at same level as metanotum and strongly bordered posteriorly in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B281191A1FB5FFA53" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[1037,1159,1412,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B281191A1FB5FFA53" box="[1037,1159,1412,1438]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, well below level of metanotum and smoothly passing into posterior face in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2F2E9182FC6CFA0C" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1987" box="[818,948,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Allepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2F2E9182FC6CFA0C" box="[818,948,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Allepipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2FF59182FBA5FA0C" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1973" box="[1001,1149,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Stellepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2FF59182FBA5FA0C" box="[1001,1149,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Stellepipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the submarginal carina of the propodeum (barely developed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2EF391EFFCBFFA29" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[751,871,1482,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2EF391EFFCBFFA29" box="[751,871,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, forming a short but clearly evident lobe in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2CA391C8FEE7F9CA" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1987" box="[191,319,1517,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Allepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2CA391C8FEE7F9CA" box="[191,319,1517,1543]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Allepipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1A925FF9AB31B2CA1920AFBE4F942" blockId="60.[189,1399,1583,1679]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
It is evident that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1ED2A6FF9AB31B2D99920AFE27F984" authorityName="Selis & Carpenter" authorityYear="2024" box="[389,511,1583,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Afrepsilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A7537FF9AB31B2D99920AFE27F984" box="[389,511,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Afrepsilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A259C84CFF9AB31B2E1A920AFDAAF984" box="[518,626,1583,1609]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
does not coincide with any of the genera currently known for the Afrotropical fauna and included in the mentioned key, from which it can be easily distinguished on the basis of the characters reported in the diagnosis above and shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="1325B5A0FF9AB31B2FFE9250FBE0F942" box="[994,1080,1653,1679]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-11@59.[277,1310,265,1784]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 21. Diagnostic characters of Afrepsilon gen. nov. A–C, F. A. hybridum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Umtali (MSNVE). D, H. A. aterrimum gen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype from Uganda (SNVE). E, G. A. ferrugineoaureum gen. et sp. nov., ♂, paratype from Berea (MSVI). A. Head, frontal view. B. Mandible, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Palpi, lateral view. E. Head, lateral view. F. Metanotum and propodeum, posterior view. G. Apex of wing, dorsal view. H. T1–2, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, E–H = 1 mm; D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12808621/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |