264 lines
45 KiB
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264 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="2318EF8B84C536E063087C9B4C0168A5" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3709976" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b412f1c4-28b9-4786-9aec-f930c9c00373" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3709976" ID-ZooBank="015EC5C3-65C6-4418-BC6D-C36D58C4DCDD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1584124481177" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Shelley, Rowland M. & Smith, Jamie M." docDate="2018" docId="03AB87FFFFD2FFB8FF52C0EEFABED5A6" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0660.1-41.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 660" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Eurymerodesmidae Causey 1951" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FF92FF87FFDAFFB2FF92C554FFB1D065" masterDocTitle="Expanded concept and revised taxonomy of the milliped family Xystodesmidae Cook, 1895 (Polydesmida: Leptodesmidea: Xystodesmoidea): incorporations of Euryuridae Pocock, 1909 and Eurymerodesmidae Causey, 1951, taxon revivals / proposals / transferrals, and a distributional update" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1698728052994" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="B6EDFAA597F82448E30ABEE9D827B5B2">Expanded concept and revised taxonomy of the milliped family Xystodesmidae Cook, 1895 (Polydesmida: Leptodesmidea: Xystodesmoidea): incorporations of Euryuridae Pocock, 1909 and Eurymerodesmidae Causey, 1951, taxon revivals / proposals / transferrals, and a distributional update</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D1FE5C4B2AF9C419196CDE357AB4FF8A">Shelley, Rowland M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BBCC25BEE527F67E9635A3CB2D7F6A05">Smith, Jamie M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A3013A882A9E42242DCB2D4386420B28">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="56154817F77F5110A1A017A6C6C87095">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03AB87FFFFD2FFB8FF52C0EEFABED5A6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3716523" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162488089" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3716523" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB87FFFFD2FFB8FF52C0EEFABED5A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87FFFFD2FFB8FF52C0EEFABED5A6" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="C3186562FFD2FFBAFF52C0EEFE7FD5B7" box="[192,462,1466,1490]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBD36E9FFD2FFBAFF52C0EEFE7FD5B7" blockId="8.[192,462,1466,1490]" box="[192,462,1466,1490]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="D0F58185FFD2FFBAFF52C0EEFE7FD5B7" bold="true" box="[192,462,1466,1490]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD2FFBAFF52C0EEFE7FD5B7" ID-CoL="623PX" authorityName="Causey" authorityYear="1951" box="[192,462,1466,1490]" class="Diplopoda" family="Eurymerodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD2FFBAFF52C0EEFE7FD5B7" bold="true" box="[192,462,1466,1490]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Eurymerodesmidae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3186562FFD2FFB8FF7AC0BFFABED5A6" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBD36E9FFD2FFBAFF7AC0BFFE30D683" blockId="8.[192,1440,1515,1928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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An assemblage of derived xystodesmoideans,
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD2FFBAFC92C0BFFC5AD666" authorityName="Causey" authorityYear="1951" box="[768,1003,1515,1539]" class="Diplopoda" family="Eurymerodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eurymerodesmidae</taxonomicName>
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is the dominant polydesmidan taxon in prairie ecosystems, and they extend into southeastern forests. They range southward from northeastern Nebraska, eastern Illinois, and southeastern North Carolina to northern peninsular Florida, the Gulf Coast, and the Rio Grande (
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<figureCitation id="13392A6CFFD2FFBAFD8FC318FDD5D601" box="[541,612,1612,1636]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[192,275,1065,1087]" captionTargetBox="[353,1278,213,1031]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[353,1278,213,1031]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Euryurinae plotted against the maximal extent of the Cretaceous Western Inland Sea. Euryurina (Euryurini, red), Eurymerodesmina (Eurymerodesmini, black), Nannariina (Eurymerodesmini, green). The red line, Euryurina, in eastern North Carolina and southcentral Virginia connects disparate peripheral localities; the area of greatest euryurinan concentration is circumscribed by the red dots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3709978/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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, black line) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD2FFBAFC94C318FC08D601" author="Hoffman" box="[774,953,1612,1636]" firstAuthor="Hoffman" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" refId="ref27457" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1980 (1979). Classification of the Diplopoda. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle; Geneve, Switzerland. 237 p." type="book" year="1980">Hoffman 1980</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD2FFBAFC55C318FBB4D601" author="Hoffman" box="[967,1029,1612,1636]" firstAuthor="Hoffman" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 1119" refId="ref27484" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1982. Diplopoda. p. 689 - 724. In: S. B. Parker (ed.). Synopsis and Classification of Liv- ing Organisms 2: 1 - 1119." type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD2FFBAFB80C318FBE1D601" author="Hoffman" box="[1042,1104,1612,1636]" firstAuthor="Hoffman" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref27613" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1999. Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication Number 8: 1 - 584." type="book chapter" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD2FFBAFBCFC318FABFD601" author="Shelley" box="[1117,1294,1612,1636]" firstAuthor="Shelley" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref30387" refString="Shelley, R. M. 1990 a (1989). Revision of the milliped family Eurymerodesmidae (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidea). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 37: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="1990" yearSuffix="a">Shelley 1990a</bibRefCitation>
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). The taxon has never been encountered south of this river in
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<collectingRegion id="49C6F80BFFD2FFBAFC8AC339FC3BD6E0" box="[792,906,1645,1669]" country="Mexico" name="Coahuila de Zaragoza" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Coahuila</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49C6F80BFFD2FFBAFC06C339FB98D6E0" box="[916,1065,1645,1669]" country="Mexico" name="Nuevo Leon" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Nuevo León</collectingRegion>
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, or
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<collectingRegion id="49C6F80BFFD2FFBAFBC1C339FB54D6E0" box="[1107,1253,1645,1669]" country="Mexico" name="Tamaulipas" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Tamaulipas</collectingRegion>
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states,
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<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD2FFBAFAD1C339FA2DD6E0" box="[1347,1436,1645,1669]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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, and presently terminates at the International Border. It occurs sympatrically with both
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD2FFBAFB4DC3D9FADDD6C0" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1909" box="[1247,1388,1677,1701]" class="Diplopoda" family="Euryuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Euryuridae</taxonomicName>
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and all east-Nearctic xystodesmine tribes except
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD2FFBAFD7AC3FAFCC9D6A3" baseAuthorityName="Shelley" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[744,888,1710,1734]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chonaphini">Chonaphini</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD2FFBAFC1AC3FAFBF8D6A3" author="Hoffman" box="[904,1097,1710,1734]" firstAuthor="Hoffman" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="37 - 68" refId="ref27306" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1978 b. North American millipeds of the genus Euryurus (Polydesmida: Platyrhacidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 104: 37 - 68." type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="b">Hoffman 1978b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD2FFBAFBC4C3FAFB25D6A3" author="Hoffman" box="[1110,1172,1710,1734]" firstAuthor="Hoffman" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" refId="ref27457" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1980 (1979). Classification of the Diplopoda. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle; Geneve, Switzerland. 237 p." type="book" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD2FFBAFB33C3FAFB6ED6A3" author="Hoffman" box="[1185,1247,1710,1734]" firstAuthor="Hoffman" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref27613" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1999. Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication Number 8: 1 - 584." type="book chapter" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD2FFBAFB7EC3FAFA2DD6A3" author="Shelley" box="[1260,1436,1710,1734]" firstAuthor="Shelley" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="3249 - 3267" refId="ref29999" refString="Shelley, R. M. 1982 a. Revision of the milliped genus Auturus (Polydesmida: Platyrhacidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 60 (12): 3249 - 3267." type="journal article" year="1982" yearSuffix="a">Shelley 1982a</bibRefCitation>
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, b,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD2FFBAFF4FC39AFE9BD683" author="Shelley, R. M." box="[221,298,1742,1766]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref30387" refString="Shelley, R. M. 1990 a (1989). Revision of the milliped family Eurymerodesmidae (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidea). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 37: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="1990">1990a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD2FFBAFEA4C39AFEC4D683" author="Shelley, R. M." box="[310,373,1742,1766]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="111 - 200" refId="ref30733" refString="Shelley, R. M. 1994. The Chonaphini, a biogeographically significant milliped tribe in eastern and western North America (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Brimleyana 20: 111 - 200." type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBD36E9FFD2FFB8FF7AC3BAFD87D1F6" blockId="8.[192,1440,1515,1928]" lastBlockId="10.[192,1441,217,1475]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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Eurymerodesmids are reknown for their pilosities. The acropodital hairs so impressed
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD2FFBAFA98C3BAFA2AD763" author="Wood" box="[1290,1435,1774,1798]" firstAuthor="Wood" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="6 - 10" refId="ref33661" refString="Wood, H. C. 1864. Descriptions of new species of North American Polydesmidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia 16: 6 - 10." type="journal article" year="1864">Wood (1864</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD2FFBAFF52C25BFF4FD742" author="Wood" box="[192,254,1807,1831]" firstAuthor="Wood" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="137 - 248" refId="ref33693" refString="Wood, H. C. 1865. The Myriapoda of North America. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 13: 137 - 248." type="journal article" year="1865">1865</bibRefCitation>
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), that he characterized the structure as “beset with very numerous long hairs” and named the first species
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<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD2FFBAFE8FC27BFE2BD722" box="[285,410,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">hispidipes</emphasis>
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. Venters are littered with moderately long hairs in both sexes, but the gonopods and segment
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<quantity id="4CFA9B0CFFD2FFBAFEBCC204FEEDD70D" box="[302,348,1872,1896]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
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males are especially hirsute. Aperture adornments like caudolateral pockets/pouches and lobes/projections from the caudal margins are moderately to densely hirsute, and long hairs extend (dis) continuously along the “inner” acropodital surfaces as far as the “distal curve/bend,” often terminating in a small “tuft” or denser region.
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<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD3FFBBFDC6C0E6FDD0D5AF" bold="true" box="[596,609,1458,1482]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">“</emphasis>
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Outer” acropodital margins generally lack hairs, but there may be an isolated tuft proximal to the curve.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD3FFBBFDF7C081FCF1D588" author="Brolemann" box="[613,832,1493,1517]" firstAuthor="Brolemann" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="89 - 131" refId="ref24716" refString="Brolemann, H. W. 1900. Myriapodes d'Amerique. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France 13: 89 - 131." type="journal article" year="1900">Brölemann (1900)</bibRefCitation>
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aptly characterized these hairs as long and silken, and those comprising the tuft(s) may be so long and dense as to overlie and largely obscure the short “distal zones.” Despite dissecting hundreds of eurymerodesmid gonopods, RMS has never encountered loose or flimsily attached acropodital hairs nor accidentally dislodged any during handling; all were firmly attached to acropodital stems, and only a few were dislodged and loose in vials after a century of preservation. This fact suggests that conditions in which hairs are discontinuous or extend only short distances along stems are natural, do not reflect accidental losses during the millipeds’ lives, and are not artifacts of samplings, dissections, and/or examinations. Contrastingly, acropodites of east-Nearctic xystodesmine tribes (
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD3FFBBFE2DC3B3FDFCD69A" authorityName="Hoffman" authorityYear="1980" box="[447,589,1767,1791]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Apheloriini">Apheloriini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD3FFBBFDC4C3B3FCB5D69A" authorityName="Hoffman" authorityYear="1980" box="[598,772,1767,1791]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pachydesmini">Pachydesmini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD3FFBBFC9CC3B3FC0AD69A" authorityName="Brolemann" authorityYear="1916" box="[782,955,1767,1791]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Rhysodesmini">Rhysodesmini</taxonomicName>
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) typically exhibit short stretches of comparatively short hairs along the “outer” surfaces of the “prefemoral extensions” that run for only 1/3 of the structures’ lengths. These attributes of eurymerodesminans and nannariinans are even evident in published illustrations; for example,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD3FFBBFDECC21AFCECD703" author="Chamberlin" box="[638,861,1870,1894]" firstAuthor="Chamberlin" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="3 - 6" refId="ref25740" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. 1949. A new genus and four new species in the diplopod family Xystodesmidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62: 3 - 6." type="journal article" year="1949">Chamberlin (1949</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13392A6CFFD3FFBBFCFAC21AFC1DD703" box="[872,940,1870,1894]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[192,275,1065,1087]" captionTargetBox="[353,1278,213,1031]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[353,1278,213,1031]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Euryurinae plotted against the maximal extent of the Cretaceous Western Inland Sea. Euryurina (Euryurini, red), Eurymerodesmina (Eurymerodesmini, black), Nannariina (Eurymerodesmini, green). The red line, Euryurina, in eastern North Carolina and southcentral Virginia connects disparate peripheral localities; the area of greatest euryurinan concentration is circumscribed by the red dots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3709978/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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, reproduced here with permission as
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A6CFFD3FFBBFAE2C21AFF59D7EC" captionStart="Figures 8–15" captionStartId="9.[192,287,1151,1173]" captionTargetBox="[192,1427,223,1093]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[192,1440,213,1097]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 8–15. Eurymerodesmini gonopodal tel-/acropodites; 8–11, Nannariina. 8) telopodite of Nannaria cayugae Chamberlin, Tompkins Co., NY. 9) acropodite of the same. 10) telopodite of Mimuloria castanea (McNeill), Monroe Co., IN. 11) the same of M. d. dilatata Hennen and Shelley, Marshall Co., TN. 12–15, Eurymerodesmina. 12) Eurymerodesmus varius louisianae Chamberlin, Natchitoches Par., LA. 13) acropodite of a second individual from the same locality. 14) the same, Columbia Co., AR. 15) E. v. varius (McNeill), Escambia Co., FL. Figures 8–9 reprinted from Chamberlin (1949) with permission from the Biological Society of Washington. Figures 10–11 reprinted from Hennen and Shelley (2015) with permission of the Center for Systematic Entomology. Figures 12–15 reprinted from Shelley (1990a) with permission of the American Entomological Society." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3709982/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Fig. 8-9</figureCitation>
|
||
, the latter without the “prefemoral process”) shows discontinuous hairs along the “inner” acropodital surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD0FFB8FEACC58EFDEFD094" authority="Chamberlin" authorityName="Chamberlin" box="[318,606,217,241]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Nannaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cayugae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD0FFB8FEACC58EFE74D094" box="[318,453,218,241]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">N. cayugae</emphasis>
|
||
Chamberlin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
followed by a gap and a slight apical tuft. We therefore believe that (dis)continuous stretches of moderately long to long hairs on “inne
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD0FFB8FC7AC5AEFC47D177" bold="true" box="[1000,1014,250,274]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">r</emphasis>
|
||
” acropodital surfaces coupled with apical tufts constitute shared features between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD0FFB8FC9FC44EFC4DD157" authorityName="Causey" authorityYear="1951" box="[781,1020,282,306]" class="Diplopoda" family="Eurymerodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eurymerodesmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Nannariini, an unquestioned component of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD0FFB8FEE2C46FFD98D136" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1895" box="[368,553,315,339]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xystodesmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD0FFB8FDA8C46FFD4FD136" author="Hoffman" box="[570,766,315,339]" firstAuthor="Hoffman" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="25 - 34" refId="ref26988" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1964 a. The status of Fontaria pulchella Bollman with the proposal of a new genus and tribe in the diplopod family Xystodesmidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 77: 25 - 34." type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">Hoffman 1964a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD0FFB8FC9EC46FFCFBD136" author="Hoffman" box="[780,842,315,339]" firstAuthor="Hoffman" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" refId="ref27457" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1980 (1979). Classification of the Diplopoda. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle; Geneve, Switzerland. 237 p." type="book" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD0FFB8FCCBC46FFC26D136" author="Hoffman" box="[857,919,315,339]" firstAuthor="Hoffman" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref27613" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1999. Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication Number 8: 1 - 584." type="book chapter" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD0FFB8FC37C46FFB8FD136" author="Marek" box="[933,1086,315,339]" firstAuthor="Marek" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 117" refId="ref28329" refString="Marek, P. E., T. Tanabe, and P. Sierwald. 2014. A species catalog of the millipede family Xystodesmidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 7: 1 - 117." type="journal article" year="2014">Marek 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD0FFB8FBDEC46FFA22D136" author="Hennen and Shelley" box="[1100,1427,315,339]" firstAuthor="Hennen" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref26573" refString="Hennen, D. A., and R. M. Shelley. 2015. A contribution on the milliped tribe Nannariini (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae): Revalidation of Mimuloria Chamberlin 1928; identities of Fontaria oblonga C. L. Koch 1847 and Nannaria minor Chamberlin 1918; elucidation of the tribal range; and commentaries on Nannaria Chamberlin 1918 and Oenomaea Hoffman 1964. Insecta Mundi 0418: 1 - 21." type="book chapter" year="2015">Hennen and Shelley 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and since it is related to such,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD0FFB8FDA5C40FFC97D116" authorityName="Causey" authorityYear="1951" box="[567,806,347,371]" class="Diplopoda" family="Eurymerodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eurymerodesmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
must also belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD0FFB8FBB1C40FFB6DD116" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1895" box="[1059,1244,347,371]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xystodesmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and submerged under the older familial name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7D6661FFD3FFBBFF52C12BFBA5D53A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709982" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3709982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3709982/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" startId="9.[192,287,1151,1173]" targetBox="[192,1427,223,1093]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36E9FFD3FFBBFF52C12BFBA5D53A" blockId="9.[192,1440,1151,1375]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD3FFBBFF52C12BFEEBD4F1" bold="true" box="[192,346,1151,1173]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Figures 8–15</emphasis>
|
||
. Eurymerodesmini gonopodal tel-/acropodites;
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD3FFBBFCCCC12BFC22D4F1" bold="true" box="[862,915,1151,1172]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">8–11</emphasis>
|
||
, Nannariina.
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD3FFBBFBBEC12BFBF2D4F0" bold="true" box="[1068,1091,1151,1173]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">8)</emphasis>
|
||
telopodite of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD3FFBBFB44C1D4FE5BD4D4" authority="Chamberlin, Tompkins Co." authorityName="Chamberlin, Tompkins Co." class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Nannaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cayugae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD3FFBBFB44C1D4FA11D4F0" box="[1238,1440,1152,1173]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Nannaria cayugae</emphasis>
|
||
Chamberlin, Tompkins Co.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NY.
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD3FFBBFDB6C1C8FD8AD4D7" bold="true" box="[548,571,1180,1202]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">9)</emphasis>
|
||
acropodite of the same.
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD3FFBBFCD0C1C8FCD7D4D7" bold="true" box="[834,870,1180,1202]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">10)</emphasis>
|
||
telopodite of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD3FFBBFC6AC1C8FAF2D4D7" authority="(McNeill)" baseAuthorityName="McNeill" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1016,1347,1180,1202]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Mimuloria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castanea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD3FFBBFC6AC1C8FB65D4D7" box="[1016,1236,1180,1202]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Mimuloria castanea</emphasis>
|
||
(McNeill)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Monroe Co., IN.
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD3FFBBFEB3C1ECFEF4D4AB" bold="true" box="[289,325,1208,1230]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">11)</emphasis>
|
||
the same of
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD3FFBBFE4EC1EDFDC8D4AB" box="[476,633,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">M. d. dilatata</emphasis>
|
||
Hennen and Shelley, Marshall Co., TN.
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD3FFBBFBDEC1EDFB3ED4AB" bold="true" box="[1100,1167,1209,1230]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">12–15</emphasis>
|
||
, Eurymerodesmina.
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD3FFBBFAE9C1ECFA11D4AB" bold="true" box="[1403,1440,1208,1230]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">12)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD3FFBBFF52C181FC3BD48E" authority="Chamberlin, Natchitoches Par." authorityName="Chamberlin, Natchitoches Par." box="[192,906,1237,1260]" class="Diplopoda" family="Eurymerodesmidae" genus="Eurymerodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="varius" subSpecies="louisianae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD3FFBBFF52C181FD89D48F" box="[192,568,1237,1259]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Eurymerodesmus varius louisianae</emphasis>
|
||
Chamberlin, Natchitoches Par.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, LA.
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD3FFBBFC2DC181FC52D48E" bold="true" box="[959,995,1237,1259]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">13)</emphasis>
|
||
acropodite of a second individual from the same locality.
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD3FFBBFECEC1A6FE31D56D" bold="true" box="[348,384,1266,1288]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">14)</emphasis>
|
||
the same, Columbia Co., AR.
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD3FFBBFD56C1A6FD58D56D" bold="true" box="[708,745,1266,1288]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">15)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD3FFBBFD7DC1A7FC6BD56C" authority="(McNeill)" baseAuthorityName="McNeill" box="[751,986,1267,1289]" class="Diplopoda" family="Eurymerodesmidae" genus="Eurymerodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" variety="varius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD3FFBBFD7DC1A7FCDAD56D" box="[751,875,1267,1288]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">E. v. varius</emphasis>
|
||
(McNeill)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Escambia Co., FL. Figures 8–9 reprinted from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD3FFBBFF68C05BFE79D540" author="Chamberlin" box="[250,456,1295,1317]" firstAuthor="Chamberlin" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="3 - 6" refId="ref25740" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. 1949. A new genus and four new species in the diplopod family Xystodesmidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62: 3 - 6." type="journal article" year="1949">Chamberlin (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with permission from the Biological Society of Washington. Figures 10–11 reprinted from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD3FFBBFF52C079FE40D527" author="Hennen and Shelley" box="[192,497,1324,1346]" firstAuthor="Hennen" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref26573" refString="Hennen, D. A., and R. M. Shelley. 2015. A contribution on the milliped tribe Nannariini (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae): Revalidation of Mimuloria Chamberlin 1928; identities of Fontaria oblonga C. L. Koch 1847 and Nannaria minor Chamberlin 1918; elucidation of the tribal range; and commentaries on Nannaria Chamberlin 1918 and Oenomaea Hoffman 1964. Insecta Mundi 0418: 1 - 21." type="book chapter" year="2015">Hennen and Shelley (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with permission of the Center for Systematic Entomology. Figures 12–15 reprinted from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD3FFBBFF68C01DFE14D53A" author="Shelley" box="[250,421,1353,1375]" firstAuthor="Shelley" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref30387" refString="Shelley, R. M. 1990 a (1989). Revision of the milliped family Eurymerodesmidae (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidea). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 37: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="1990" yearSuffix="a">Shelley (1990a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with permission of the American Entomological Society.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36E9FFD0FFB8FF7AC4C8FC80D3DE" blockId="10.[192,1441,217,1475]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Affinity between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD0FFB8FE2EC4C8FD1AD1D1" authorityName="Causey" authorityYear="1951" box="[444,683,412,436]" class="Diplopoda" family="Eurymerodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eurymerodesmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Nannariini is also revealed by a shared acropodital con- figuration that we interpret as plesiomorphic.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD0FFB8FD63C4E9FC1CD1B0" author="Shelley" box="[753,941,445,469]" firstAuthor="Shelley" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref30387" refString="Shelley, R. M. 1990 a (1989). Revision of the milliped family Eurymerodesmidae (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidea). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 37: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="1990" yearSuffix="a">Shelley (1990a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
characterized the basic eurymerodesmid structure as simple and “stick-like,” with stems extending sublinearly from the prefemur and bending/ curving subapically. This configuration also exists in plesiomorphic nannariinines, but it is less noticeable because the “prefemoral process” tends to mask the acropodite. Although not rotated 180°, the acropodite of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD0FFB8FF4EC76BFED0D233" box="[220,353,575,598]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Nannaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cayugae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD0FFB8FF4EC76BFED0D233" box="[220,353,575,598]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">N. cayugae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD0FFB8FEFCC76BFDF4D232" author="Chamberlin" box="[366,581,575,599]" firstAuthor="Chamberlin" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="3 - 6" refId="ref25740" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. 1949. A new genus and four new species in the diplopod family Xystodesmidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 62: 3 - 6." type="journal article" year="1949">Chamberlin 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A6CFFD0FFB8FDC2C76BFD25D232" box="[592,660,575,599]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[192,275,1065,1087]" captionTargetBox="[353,1278,213,1031]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[353,1278,213,1031]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Euryurinae plotted against the maximal extent of the Cretaceous Western Inland Sea. Euryurina (Euryurini, red), Eurymerodesmina (Eurymerodesmini, black), Nannariina (Eurymerodesmini, green). The red line, Euryurina, in eastern North Carolina and southcentral Virginia connects disparate peripheral localities; the area of greatest euryurinan concentration is circumscribed by the red dots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3709978/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A6CFFD0FFB8FD33C76BFCB2D232" box="[673,771,575,599]" captionStart="Figures 8–15" captionStartId="9.[192,287,1151,1173]" captionTargetBox="[192,1427,223,1093]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[192,1440,213,1097]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 8–15. Eurymerodesmini gonopodal tel-/acropodites; 8–11, Nannariina. 8) telopodite of Nannaria cayugae Chamberlin, Tompkins Co., NY. 9) acropodite of the same. 10) telopodite of Mimuloria castanea (McNeill), Monroe Co., IN. 11) the same of M. d. dilatata Hennen and Shelley, Marshall Co., TN. 12–15, Eurymerodesmina. 12) Eurymerodesmus varius louisianae Chamberlin, Natchitoches Par., LA. 13) acropodite of a second individual from the same locality. 14) the same, Columbia Co., AR. 15) E. v. varius (McNeill), Escambia Co., FL. Figures 8–9 reprinted from Chamberlin (1949) with permission from the Biological Society of Washington. Figures 10–11 reprinted from Hennen and Shelley (2015) with permission of the Center for Systematic Entomology. Figures 12–15 reprinted from Shelley (1990a) with permission of the American Entomological Society." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3709982/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8–9</figureCitation>
|
||
) matches that of plesiomorphic eurymerodesmids, and, coupled with the similar hair lengths and arrangements (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A6CFFD0FFB8FC7EC70BFB64D212" box="[1004,1237,607,631]" captionStart="Figures 8–15" captionStartId="9.[192,287,1151,1173]" captionTargetBox="[192,1427,223,1093]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[192,1440,213,1097]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 8–15. Eurymerodesmini gonopodal tel-/acropodites; 8–11, Nannariina. 8) telopodite of Nannaria cayugae Chamberlin, Tompkins Co., NY. 9) acropodite of the same. 10) telopodite of Mimuloria castanea (McNeill), Monroe Co., IN. 11) the same of M. d. dilatata Hennen and Shelley, Marshall Co., TN. 12–15, Eurymerodesmina. 12) Eurymerodesmus varius louisianae Chamberlin, Natchitoches Par., LA. 13) acropodite of a second individual from the same locality. 14) the same, Columbia Co., AR. 15) E. v. varius (McNeill), Escambia Co., FL. Figures 8–9 reprinted from Chamberlin (1949) with permission from the Biological Society of Washington. Figures 10–11 reprinted from Hennen and Shelley (2015) with permission of the Center for Systematic Entomology. Figures 12–15 reprinted from Shelley (1990a) with permission of the American Entomological Society." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3709982/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8–9 and 12–15</figureCitation>
|
||
) has constituted published, but unperceived, evidence of this affinity for 69 years. “Stick-like” acropodites, or ones that conceivably derive from this condition, also occur in representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD0FFB8FBB1C7F4FB2CD2DD" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1903" box="[1059,1181,672,696]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Devilleini">Devilleini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD0FFB8FB3BC7F4FAE9D2DD" authorityName="Brolemann" authorityYear="1916" box="[1193,1368,672,696]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Rhysodesmini">Rhysodesmini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD0FFB8FAF6C7F4FEAAD2BD" authorityName="Hoffman" authorityYear="1980" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Apheloriini">Apheloriini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD0FFB8FECBC794FDB9D2BD" authorityName="Hoffman" authorityYear="1980" box="[345,520,704,728]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pachydesmini">Pachydesmini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so we believe that this simple structure constitutes the basic, plesiomorphic configuration that is thickened, expanded, prolonged, shortened, ornamented, curved, coiled, etc., in these and other xystodesmine tribes. We therefore reduce
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD0FFB8FCA5C655FB97D37C" authorityName="Causey" authorityYear="1951" box="[823,1062,769,793]" class="Diplopoda" family="Eurymerodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eurymerodesmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
to tribal status under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD0FFB8FAA7C655FF5ED35C" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1909" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euryurinae">Euryurinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the older name, and propose Eurymerodesmini,
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD0FFB8FCABC676FC22D35F" bold="true" box="[825,915,802,826]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">n. stat.</emphasis>
|
||
, to encompass subtribes Eurymerodesmina and Nannariina Hoffman,
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD0FFB8FD97C616FDDFD33F" bold="true" box="[517,622,834,858]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">n. stats.</emphasis>
|
||
, the latter transferred from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD0FFB8FC58C616FB35D33F" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1895" box="[970,1156,834,858]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Xystodesminae">Xystodesminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD0FFB8FB00C616FAE3D33F" author="Hoffman" box="[1170,1362,834,858]" firstAuthor="Hoffman" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="25 - 34" refId="ref26988" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1964 a. The status of Fontaria pulchella Bollman with the proposal of a new genus and tribe in the diplopod family Xystodesmidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 77: 25 - 34." type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">Hoffman 1964a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD0FFB8FACFC616FA2AD33F" author="Hoffman" box="[1373,1435,834,858]" firstAuthor="Hoffman" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" refId="ref27457" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1980 (1979). Classification of the Diplopoda. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle; Geneve, Switzerland. 237 p." type="book" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD0FFB8FF52C637FF4FD31E" author="Hoffman" box="[192,254,867,891]" firstAuthor="Hoffman" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref27613" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1999. Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication Number 8: 1 - 584." type="book chapter" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD0FFB8FE98C637FE54D31E" author="Marek" box="[266,485,867,891]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Marek" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 117" refId="ref28329" refString="Marek, P. E., T. Tanabe, and P. Sierwald. 2014. A species catalog of the millipede family Xystodesmidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 7: 1 - 117." type="journal article" year="2014">Marek et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Because of the longer acropodital hairs that extend along the “inner” surface to the level of the “distal curve/bend” in at least plesiomorphic forms, Nannariina are grouped with Eurymerodesmina and reduced to subtribal status.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36E9FFD0FFB8FF7AC690FABED5A6" blockId="10.[192,1441,217,1475]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Affinity between Eurymerodesmina and Nannariina is further supported by their comparably small body sizes and their distributions, which overlap in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C6F80BFFD0FFB8FCDBC6B0FC13D399" box="[841,930,996,1020]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Illinois</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C6F80BFFD0FFB8FC3DC6B0FBACD399" box="[943,1053,996,1020]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Missouri</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C6F80BFFD0FFB8FBF0C6B0FB66D399" box="[1122,1239,996,1020]" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Arkansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A6CFFD0FFB8FB7BC6B0FA80D398" box="[1257,1329,996,1021]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[192,275,1065,1087]" captionTargetBox="[353,1278,213,1031]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[353,1278,213,1031]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Euryurinae plotted against the maximal extent of the Cretaceous Western Inland Sea. Euryurina (Euryurini, red), Eurymerodesmina (Eurymerodesmini, black), Nannariina (Eurymerodesmini, green). The red line, Euryurina, in eastern North Carolina and southcentral Virginia connects disparate peripheral localities; the area of greatest euryurinan concentration is circumscribed by the red dots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3709978/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A6CFFD0FFB8FAD3C6B0FAD1D399" box="[1345,1376,996,1020]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="11.[192,275,1025,1047]" captionTargetBox="[320,1245,213,988]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[320,1245,213,988]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 16. Distribution of Eurymerodesmini plotted against the maximal extend of the Cretaceous Western Inland Sea. Black line, Eurymerodesmina. Red line, Nannariina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3709984/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">16</figureCitation>
|
||
), the logical source area for Eurymerodesmini. Nannariina expanded eastward while Eurymerodesmina spread southwestward and then southward and eastward after the Western Inland Seaway receded during the late Cretaceous. While divergence could have occurred post-Cretaceous and hence relatively recently, we believe it came prior to the Seaway and Cretaceous because most of Nannariina’s area was land during this geological period enabling the taxon to spread without impediment. Eurymerodesmina would have spread southward then only to be inundated and eradicated from the area of the Seaway, we believe its presence today in the Plains and southern/southeastern states reflects secondary dispersal and reoccupation of a previously inhabited area, and its occurrence in non-inundated southeastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C6F80BFFD0FFB8FAC5C1BCFE9AD544" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
reflects northward post-Cretaceous dispersal along the Atlantic Coast. The partial geographic overlap of Eurymerodesmina and Nannariina supports our sister-group hypothesis; they share ances- try, diverged in the present area of overlap, dispersed in opposing directions, and logically comprise a separate tribe,
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD0FFB8FEEEC03EFDC4D5E7" bold="true" box="[380,629,1386,1410]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Eurymerodesmini</emphasis>
|
||
, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD0FFB8FD34C03EFC89D5E7" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1909" box="[678,824,1386,1410]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euryurinae">Euryurinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The belated detection of this relationship despite over a half-century of clues in published literature emphasizes the need for comprehensive anatomical knowledge of all relevant taxa by specialists addressing nebulous and confused situations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |