treatments-xml/data/03/A8/A5/03A8A549FFCBFFCA8FBFFBF0FD85FEA1.xml

412 lines
77 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="E070ADEB238438517FEED7BB0085292C" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.405.3.5" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13714888" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725646952409" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Yu, P., You, Q-M., Pang, W-T., Cao, Y. &amp; Wang, Q-X." docDate="2019" docId="03A8A549FFCBFFCA8FBFFBF0FD85FEA1" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.405.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 405 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.405.3.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis P. Yu, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="152" masterDocId="FF91DD31FFC9FFCF8F37FFE4FFD3FF84" masterDocTitle="Five new Achnanthidiaceae species (Bacillariophyta) from Jiuzhai Valley, Sichuan Province, Southwestern China" masterLastPageNumber="170" masterPageNumber="147" pageNumber="149" updateTime="1725649972840" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="665FA09C48FF463CAE0D45670718661D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="007F0C724A22B78E03CEC5365E3480AD">
<mods:title id="12B16B4F2A05582523C42E19DD50C386">Five new Achnanthidiaceae species (Bacillariophyta) from Jiuzhai Valley, Sichuan Province, Southwestern China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="3B44CE16900868F8377A7E8B8CFF853C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7949458DCA671C21BA550462D3585904">
<mods:roleTerm id="170ACEC7EFEDF93BD6B83ED041B3036C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1D73D5A06848CF48644BDCBBF26FC0E2">Yu, P.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2B675935C2DD947DD09286EEC9AE9B13" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2A439F5E2C1E77A67D22DAE09841616E">
<mods:roleTerm id="7F1C2D9B01C4720A692B180314355856">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="06666EF9FE78DBF94E2A86DCD6A8D9C2">You, Q-M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5E1A07D835B6E170B1EF8E5B12E2F16D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C09559A3A10D3774D250C12D86EE75C1">
<mods:roleTerm id="F8AA21DD4FFC1E19B932E9FE3A043E20">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C5B6710B640B8E6239C842F5F99DDE4B">Pang, W-T.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5CB46F71E2EB6E4C122891CB2A0BBDEF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="919186A210AEC8D1EE9AD74C6BC87AA5">
<mods:roleTerm id="9A3A904A747652AB96479E30CAFC41F2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4B3B9BC6E217F8201B1BBA93AADD380D">Cao, Y.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="23DFB571E38FCB228110787062E20F72" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7E16DBACA5656C8BF33BCCF08FFBAC92">
<mods:roleTerm id="BCAAF70A193BF64947331B7D7043102B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="607D3C335A1E7FAB41C984CE3BCFCA0B">Wang, Q-X.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="83DBD75F7E809040CA1F836F51A1E54E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="59132278EBCC38E3FA8DCE793BE99659" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="EFEFF04AF00415F2C8F2187C02F6F22D">
<mods:title id="B3B4A84DDDE730C6D24D45C902A89DC7">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C9C207F1287B91DFAFCE229D7A37B3A3">
<mods:date id="B7095F7C030658731DB176E95A9814AF">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="78D809D4DAD35744269292AF6BDEF929" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="8BC8AFDD984989E078131328BE5EDD49">2019-06-04</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="31C9A12DF52A30CAFFFAAE388073D4A5" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A68B2D475E13061DF32B46E3BE26E6B4">405</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D7D071AAC582C7A26A1B6ABB441F55E8" type="issue">
<mods:number id="A558824F87004686D0A29D88DB969A2D">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="A2812B78F93C480C814B859F593B66E3" unit="page">
<mods:start id="D1C3CCDE9622C5F1068920A2853E4B81">147</mods:start>
<mods:end id="D8A0F7A1B0558864A66AA5A8B6ED5D91">170</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="B8B989958581A6C70FB59F001A99E1AB">
<mods:url id="311BF9BC1D6F3794398E130DFCBD1892">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.405.3.5</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="88F16B11CDE15B1AC8FF48F321852CAE">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="AB30E3F96B8ED7FF9A16D315243CBB7A" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.405.3.5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="28F8B9F628C8B3A45C650E9516479D9F" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EEA9DA77E2AA8BE38D1D345419A15FD9" type="Zenodo-Dep">13714888</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A8A549FFCBFFCA8FBFFBF0FD85FEA1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13715621" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13715621" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8A549FFCBFFCA8FBFFBF0FD85FEA1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8A549FFCBFFCA8FBFFBF0FD85FEA1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
<subSubSection id="C31B47D4FFCBFFCD8FBFFBF0FBF5FBAB" box="[136,1062,1044,1071]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBE145FFFCBFFCD8FBFFBF0FBF5FBAB" blockId="2.[136,1062,1044,1071]" box="[136,1062,1044,1071]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
<heading id="D0F6A333FFCBFFCD8FBFFBF0FBF5FBAB" bold="true" box="[136,1062,1044,1071]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCBFFCD8FBFFBF0FBF5FBAB" bold="true" box="[136,1062,1044,1071]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCBFFCD8FBFFBF0FDDAFBAB" authority="P. Yu" authorityName="P. Yu" box="[136,521,1044,1071]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="jiuzhaienis">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCBFFCD8FBFFBF0FE10FBAB" bold="true" box="[136,451,1044,1071]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis</emphasis>
P. Yu
</taxonomicName>
, Q-M. You &amp; Q-X Wang
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCBFFCD8C01FBF0FC5EFBAA" bold="true" box="[822,909,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2467536FFCBFFCD8C01FBF0FC5EFBAA" box="[822,909,1044,1070]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8CABFBF2FBCEFBAB" box="[924,1053,1046,1071]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 297" captionStart-1="FIGURES 98105" captionStart-2="FIGURES 106114" captionStart-3="FIGURES 115122" captionStart-4="FIGURES 123129" captionStartId-0="3.[136,243,2007,2028]" captionStartId-1="4.[136,243,1398,1419]" captionStartId-2="5.[136,243,1522,1543]" captionStartId-3="6.[136,243,1952,1973]" captionStartId-4="7.[136,243,1538,1559]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,473,1970]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,190,1372]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1398,317,1497]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,190,1513]" captionTargetId-0="figure-132@3.[151,1437,473,1985]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@4.[151,1437,190,1372]" captionTargetId-2="figure-76@5.[189,1398,317,1497]" captionTargetId-3="figure-165@6.[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetId-4="figure-14@7.[151,1437,190,1513]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 297. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov., LM. 12, 41. Holotype; 249. Longer morphotype, (225) Raphe valves; (2649) Rapheless valves; 5097. Shorter morphotype, (5073) Raphe valves; (7497) Rapheless valves. Scale bar 10 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 98105. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Longer morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 98. External view of an entire raphe valve. 99. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 100101. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 102103. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 104105. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (9899), 1 μm (100103), 0.2 μm (104105)." captionText-2="FIGURES 106114. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Longer morphotype, SEM views of rapheless valve. 106. External view of an entire rapheless valve. 107. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 108109. Raphe vestiges at the two apices of the same valve. 110. Detail of the central area on the external of the rapheless valve. 111. Detail of the central area on the internal of the rapheless valve. 112113. Raphe vestiges at the apices with usually 12. 114. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (106107), 1 μm (108113), 0.2 μm (114)." captionText-3="FIGURES 115122. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Shorter morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 115. External view of an entire raphe valve. 116. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 117118. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 119120. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 121122. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (115116), 1 μm (117120), 0.2 μm (121122)." captionText-4="FIGURES 123129. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Shorter morphotype, SEM views of rapheless valve. 123. External view of an entire rapheless valve. 124. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 125126. Raphe vestiges at the two apices of the same valve. 127. Detail of the central area on the external of the rapheless valve. 128. Raphe vestiges at the apices. 129. Detail of the central area on the internal of the rapheless valve. Scale bars 5 μm (123124), 1 μm (125129)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714892" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714894" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714896" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714898" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714900" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13714892/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13714894/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13714896/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13714898/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13714900/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Figs 2129</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B47D4FFCBFFCD8FBFFBBAFC69FAAF" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBE145FFFCBFFCD8FBFFBBAFC5DFB1F" blockId="2.[136,1452,1118,2079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
<materialsCitation id="3B691E02FFCBFFCD8FBFFBBAFC5DFB1F" collectionCode="SHTU" country="China" county="Normal University" location="Diatom" municipality="Biology Department Diatom Herbarium" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Shanghai" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCBFFCD8FBFFBBAFF2DFBF3" bold="true" box="[136,254,1118,1143]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
<typeStatus id="54BAAAFDFFCBFFCD8FBFFBBAFF2AFBF3" box="[136,249,1118,1143]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED108C9AFFCBFFCD8E32FBBAFE87FBF3" box="[261,340,1118,1143]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14014" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14014" name="Shanghai Teachers University" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" type="Herbarium">SHTU</collectionCode>
! slide JZG1307027,
<typeStatus id="54BAAAFDFFCBFFCD8D7FFBBAFD79FBF3" box="[584,682,1118,1143]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
illustrated in
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8C72FBBAFC16FBF3" box="[837,965,1118,1143]" captionStart="FIGURES 297" captionStartId="3.[136,243,2007,2028]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,473,1970]" captionTargetId="figure-132@3.[151,1437,473,1985]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 297. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov., LM. 12, 41. Holotype; 249. Longer morphotype, (225) Raphe valves; (2649) Rapheless valves; 5097. Shorter morphotype, (5073) Raphe valves; (7497) Rapheless valves. Scale bar 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714892/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Figs 12, 41</figureCitation>
.
<location id="8EDE4284FFCBFFCD8CE7FBBAFBF7FBF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8A549FFCBFFCA8FBFFBF0FD85FEA1:8EDE4284FFCBFFCD8CE7FBBAFBF7FBF3" box="[976,1060,1118,1143]" country="China" county="Normal University" municipality="Biology Department Diatom Herbarium" name="Diatom" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" stateProvince="Shanghai">Diatom</location>
samples are housed in the
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDA8E25FFCBFFCD8A66FBBAFE39FB1F" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Biology Department Diatom Herbarium</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49C5DABDFFCBFFCD8EC1FB66FD8DFB1F" box="[502,606,1154,1179]" country="China" name="Shanghai" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Shanghai</collectingRegion>
<collectingCounty id="62DF6CD3FFCBFFCD8D52FB66FCEBFB1F" box="[613,824,1154,1179]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Normal University</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31654CFFFCBFFCD8C73FB66FC58FB1F" box="[836,907,1154,1179]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">China</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE145FFFCBFFCD8F8AFB42FD20FB67" blockId="2.[136,1452,1118,2079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCBFFCD8F8AFB42FEFAFB3B" bold="true" box="[189,297,1190,1215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
<typeStatus id="54BAAAFDFFCBFFCD8F8AFB42FEF0FB3B" box="[189,291,1190,1215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" type="isotype">Isotypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED108C9AFFCBFFCD8E19FB42FE50FB3B" box="[302,387,1190,1215]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15540" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15540" name="University of Colorado Herbarium" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" type="Herbarium">COLO</collectionCode>
!, slide 628094, Samples are housed in the Kociolek Collection, University of
<collectingRegion id="49C5DABDFFCBFFCD8BE2FB42FA93FB3B" box="[1237,1344,1190,1215]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Colorado</collectingRegion>
, Museum of Natural History Diatom Herbarium, Boulder,
<collectingCountry id="F31654CFFFCBFFCD8D91FB2EFD20FB67" box="[678,755,1226,1251]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE145FFFCBFFCD8F8AFB0AFC69FAAF" blockId="2.[136,1452,1118,2079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCBFFCD8F8AFB0AFEB3FA83" bold="true" box="[189,352,1262,1287]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Type locality:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F31654CFFFCBFFCD8E5FFB0AFE17FA83" box="[360,452,1262,1287]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">CHINA</collectingCountry>
. Samples collected from Jiuzhai Valley Nature Reserve,
<collectingRegion id="49C5DABDFFCBFFCD8B71FB0AFADCFA83" box="[1094,1295,1262,1287]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Sichuan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE357298FFCBFFCD8A2CFB0AFA74FA83" box="[1307,1447,1262,1287]" degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" precision="15" seconds="34" value="33.159447">33°0934”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE357298FFCBFFCD8FBFFAF6FECDFAAF" box="[136,286,1298,1323]" degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" precision="15" seconds="39" value="103.8775">103°5239”E</geoCoordinate>
, altitude:
<quantity id="4CF9B9BAFFCBFFCD8EBAFAF6FE37FAAF" box="[397,484,1298,1323]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.432" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="m" value="2432.0">2432 m</quantity>
, collected by
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCBFFCD8D48FAF6FD2BFAAF" box="[639,760,1298,1323]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Q.X. Wang</emphasis>
, on
<date id="FFBF329FFFCBFFCD8C1EFAF6FC65FAAF" box="[809,950,1298,1323]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" value="2013-07-05">July 5, 2013</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B47D4FFCBFFCD8F8AFAD2FA8AFACB" box="[189,1369,1334,1359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBE145FFFCBFFCD8F8AFAD2FA8AFACB" blockId="2.[136,1452,1118,2079]" box="[189,1369,1334,1359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCBFFCD8F8AFAD2FE9BFACB" bold="true" box="[189,328,1334,1359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Etymology:</emphasis>
Species was named for the Jiuzhai Valley Nature Reserve where the samples were collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B47D4FFCBFFCD8F8AFABEFD12F79B" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBE145FFFCBFFCD8F8AFABEFA44F9A3" blockId="2.[136,1452,1118,2079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCBFFCD8F8AFABEFE82FAF7" bold="true" box="[189,337,1370,1395]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Description:</emphasis>
According to LM observations (
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8D8EFABEFCFFFAF7" box="[697,812,1370,1395]" captionStart="FIGURES 297" captionStartId="3.[136,243,2007,2028]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,473,1970]" captionTargetId="figure-132@3.[151,1437,473,1985]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 297. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov., LM. 12, 41. Holotype; 249. Longer morphotype, (225) Raphe valves; (2649) Rapheless valves; 5097. Shorter morphotype, (5073) Raphe valves; (7497) Rapheless valves. Scale bar 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714892/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Figs 297</figureCitation>
), valves were wide lanceolate with subcapitate to capitate ends. The raphe valve was concave and the rapheless valve was convex. Valve length was 1940 μm, width was 3.2 4.5 μm (
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCBFFCD8FD0FA46FF26FA3F" box="[231,245,1442,1467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">n</emphasis>
=200). Both valves possessed a narrowly linear-lanceolate axial area that widens slightly towards the middle portion; a differentiated central area was absent. On both valves, striae radiate to nearly parallel. Striae number was 2228/10 μm at the center, and up to 3038/10 μm near the apices on the raphe valve. On the rapheless valve, striae were 2227/10 μm in the middle and 2836/10 μm near the apices. Individual areolae were not visible with an LM.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE145FFFCBFFCD8F8AF9D6FD67F8EF" blockId="2.[136,1452,1118,2079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
SEM observations of both valves revealed that the valve face had a mantle junction bordered by a narrow hyaline area (
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8FF0F9B2FECDF9EB" box="[199,286,1622,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 98105" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1398,1419]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-15@4.[151,1437,190,1372]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 98105. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Longer morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 98. External view of an entire raphe valve. 99. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 100101. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 102103. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 104105. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (9899), 1 μm (100103), 0.2 μm (104105)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714894/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Figs 98</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8E1BF9B2FE8BF9EB" box="[300,344,1622,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 106114" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1522,1543]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,317,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-76@5.[189,1398,317,1497]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 106114. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Longer morphotype, SEM views of rapheless valve. 106. External view of an entire rapheless valve. 107. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 108109. Raphe vestiges at the two apices of the same valve. 110. Detail of the central area on the external of the rapheless valve. 111. Detail of the central area on the internal of the rapheless valve. 112113. Raphe vestiges at the apices with usually 12. 114. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (106107), 1 μm (108113), 0.2 μm (114)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714896/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">106</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8E52F9B2FE43F9EB" box="[357,400,1622,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 115122" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-165@6.[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 115122. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Shorter morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 115. External view of an entire raphe valve. 116. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 117118. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 119120. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 121122. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (115116), 1 μm (117120), 0.2 μm (121122)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714898/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">115</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8EAAF9B2FE18F9EB" box="[413,459,1622,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 123129" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1538,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1437,190,1513]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 123129. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Shorter morphotype, SEM views of rapheless valve. 123. External view of an entire rapheless valve. 124. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 125126. Raphe vestiges at the two apices of the same valve. 127. Detail of the central area on the external of the rapheless valve. 128. Raphe vestiges at the apices. 129. Detail of the central area on the internal of the rapheless valve. Scale bars 5 μm (123124), 1 μm (125129)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714900/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">123</figureCitation>
). The mantle had a single row of linear areolae (
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8CC5F9B2FB8BF9EB" box="[1010,1112,1622,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 98105" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1398,1419]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-15@4.[151,1437,190,1372]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 98105. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Longer morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 98. External view of an entire raphe valve. 99. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 100101. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 102103. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 104105. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (9899), 1 μm (100103), 0.2 μm (104105)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714894/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Figs 100</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8B52F9B2FB42F9EB" box="[1125,1169,1622,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 106114" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1522,1543]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,317,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-76@5.[189,1398,317,1497]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 106114. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Longer morphotype, SEM views of rapheless valve. 106. External view of an entire rapheless valve. 107. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 108109. Raphe vestiges at the two apices of the same valve. 110. Detail of the central area on the external of the rapheless valve. 111. Detail of the central area on the internal of the rapheless valve. 112113. Raphe vestiges at the apices with usually 12. 114. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (106107), 1 μm (108113), 0.2 μm (114)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714896/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">108</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8BA9F9B2FAD6F9EB" box="[1182,1285,1622,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 123129" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1538,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1437,190,1513]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 123129. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Shorter morphotype, SEM views of rapheless valve. 123. External view of an entire rapheless valve. 124. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 125126. Raphe vestiges at the two apices of the same valve. 127. Detail of the central area on the external of the rapheless valve. 128. Raphe vestiges at the apices. 129. Detail of the central area on the internal of the rapheless valve. Scale bars 5 μm (123124), 1 μm (125129)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714900/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">125126</figureCitation>
). On the raphe valve, externally, the raphe were filiform and straight (Figs 98,115). The external terminal raphe fissures hooked toward the same side of the valve (
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8E8BF97AFDC0F933" box="[444,531,1694,1719]" captionStart="FIGURES 98105" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1398,1419]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-15@4.[151,1437,190,1372]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 98105. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Longer morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 98. External view of an entire raphe valve. 99. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 100101. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 102103. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 104105. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (9899), 1 μm (100103), 0.2 μm (104105)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714894/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Figs 98</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8D17F97AFD9EF933" box="[544,589,1694,1719]" captionStart="FIGURES 115122" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-165@6.[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 115122. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Shorter morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 115. External view of an entire raphe valve. 116. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 117118. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 119120. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 121122. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (115116), 1 μm (117120), 0.2 μm (121122)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714898/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">115</figureCitation>
). The proximal raphe endings slightly expanded (
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8B4DF97AFB0CF933" box="[1146,1247,1694,1719]" captionStart="FIGURES 98105" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1398,1419]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-15@4.[151,1437,190,1372]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 98105. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Longer morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 98. External view of an entire raphe valve. 99. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 100101. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 102103. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 104105. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (9899), 1 μm (100103), 0.2 μm (104105)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714894/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Figs 101</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8BDBF97AFACAF933" box="[1260,1305,1694,1719]" captionStart="FIGURES 115122" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-165@6.[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 115122. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Shorter morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 115. External view of an entire raphe valve. 116. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 117118. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 119120. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 121122. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (115116), 1 μm (117120), 0.2 μm (121122)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714898/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">118</figureCitation>
). Striae were comprised of 25 transapically-oriented areolae in the middle portion (
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8C9EF926FBDDF95F" box="[937,1038,1730,1755]" captionStart="FIGURES 98105" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1398,1419]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-15@4.[151,1437,190,1372]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 98105. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Longer morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 98. External view of an entire raphe valve. 99. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 100101. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 102103. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 104105. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (9899), 1 μm (100103), 0.2 μm (104105)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714894/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Figs 101</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8B2CF926FB96F95F" box="[1051,1093,1730,1755]" captionStart="FIGURES 115122" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-165@6.[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 115122. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Shorter morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 115. External view of an entire raphe valve. 116. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 117118. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 119120. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 121122. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (115116), 1 μm (117120), 0.2 μm (121122)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714898/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">118</figureCitation>
) and 13 transapically-oriented areolae at the apices (
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8E43F902FE04F97B" box="[372,471,1766,1791]" captionStart="FIGURES 98105" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1398,1419]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-15@4.[151,1437,190,1372]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 98105. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Longer morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 98. External view of an entire raphe valve. 99. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 100101. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 102103. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 104105. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (9899), 1 μm (100103), 0.2 μm (104105)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714894/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Figs 100</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8ED5F902FDDCF97B" box="[482,527,1766,1791]" captionStart="FIGURES 115122" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-165@6.[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 115122. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Shorter morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 115. External view of an entire raphe valve. 116. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 117118. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 119120. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 121122. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (115116), 1 μm (117120), 0.2 μm (121122)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714898/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">117</figureCitation>
). Internally, the raphe terminated distally as an elevated helictoglossa (
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8A2DF902FA74F97B" box="[1306,1447,1766,1791]" captionStart="FIGURES 98105" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1398,1419]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-15@4.[151,1437,190,1372]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 98105. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Longer morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 98. External view of an entire raphe valve. 99. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 100101. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 102103. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 104105. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (9899), 1 μm (100103), 0.2 μm (104105)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714894/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Figs 99, 102</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8FBFF8EEFF3FF8A7" box="[136,236,1802,1827]" captionStart="FIGURES 115122" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-165@6.[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 115122. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Shorter morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 115. External view of an entire raphe valve. 116. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 117118. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 119120. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 121122. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (115116), 1 μm (117120), 0.2 μm (121122)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714898/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">116, 119</figureCitation>
), and the proximal raphe endings gently deflecting in opposite directions (
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8B03F8EEFB4AF8A7" box="[1076,1177,1802,1827]" captionStart="FIGURES 98105" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1398,1419]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-15@4.[151,1437,190,1372]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 98105. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Longer morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 98. External view of an entire raphe valve. 99. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 100101. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 102103. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 104105. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (9899), 1 μm (100103), 0.2 μm (104105)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714894/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Figs 103</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8B91F8EEFB07F8A7" box="[1190,1236,1802,1827]" captionStart="FIGURES 115122" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-165@6.[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 115122. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Shorter morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 115. External view of an entire raphe valve. 116. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 117118. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 119120. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 121122. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (115116), 1 μm (117120), 0.2 μm (121122)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714898/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">120</figureCitation>
). Areolae appeared to be oblong, and the openings occluded with fine hymenate structures that included small openings on the periphery and a central occlusion (
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8EAFF8B6FDE5F8EF" box="[408,566,1874,1899]" captionStart="FIGURES 98105" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1398,1419]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-15@4.[151,1437,190,1372]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 98105. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Longer morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 98. External view of an entire raphe valve. 99. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 100101. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 102103. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 104105. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (9899), 1 μm (100103), 0.2 μm (104105)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714894/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Figs 104105</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8D76F8B6FD74F8EF" box="[577,679,1874,1899]" captionStart="FIGURES 115122" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-165@6.[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 115122. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Shorter morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 115. External view of an entire raphe valve. 116. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 117118. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 119120. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 121122. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (115116), 1 μm (117120), 0.2 μm (121122)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714898/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">121122</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE145FFFCBFFCD8F8AF892FD12F79B" blockId="2.[136,1452,1118,2079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
On the rapheless valve, the axial area had raphe vestiges at the apices (
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8CE0F892FB7EF80B" box="[983,1197,1910,1935]" captionStart="FIGURES 106114" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1522,1543]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,317,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-76@5.[189,1398,317,1497]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 106114. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Longer morphotype, SEM views of rapheless valve. 106. External view of an entire rapheless valve. 107. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 108109. Raphe vestiges at the two apices of the same valve. 110. Detail of the central area on the external of the rapheless valve. 111. Detail of the central area on the internal of the rapheless valve. 112113. Raphe vestiges at the apices with usually 12. 114. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (106107), 1 μm (108113), 0.2 μm (114)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714896/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Figs 106, 108109</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8B8EF892FA8BF80B" box="[1209,1368,1910,1935]" captionStart="FIGURES 123129" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1538,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1437,190,1513]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 123129. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Shorter morphotype, SEM views of rapheless valve. 123. External view of an entire rapheless valve. 124. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 125126. Raphe vestiges at the two apices of the same valve. 127. Detail of the central area on the external of the rapheless valve. 128. Raphe vestiges at the apices. 129. Detail of the central area on the internal of the rapheless valve. Scale bars 5 μm (123124), 1 μm (125129)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714900/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">123, 125126</figureCitation>
). Striae consisted of 25 transapical slit-like areolae at the middle portion (
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8C48F87EFBC8F837" box="[895,1051,1946,1971]" captionStart="FIGURES 106114" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1522,1543]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,317,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-76@5.[189,1398,317,1497]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 106114. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Longer morphotype, SEM views of rapheless valve. 106. External view of an entire rapheless valve. 107. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 108109. Raphe vestiges at the two apices of the same valve. 110. Detail of the central area on the external of the rapheless valve. 111. Detail of the central area on the internal of the rapheless valve. 112113. Raphe vestiges at the apices with usually 12. 114. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (106107), 1 μm (108113), 0.2 μm (114)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714896/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Figs 110111</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8B10F87EFB5EF837" box="[1063,1165,1946,1971]" captionStart="FIGURES 123129" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1538,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1437,190,1513]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 123129. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Shorter morphotype, SEM views of rapheless valve. 123. External view of an entire rapheless valve. 124. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 125126. Raphe vestiges at the two apices of the same valve. 127. Detail of the central area on the external of the rapheless valve. 128. Raphe vestiges at the apices. 129. Detail of the central area on the internal of the rapheless valve. Scale bars 5 μm (123124), 1 μm (125129)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714900/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">127, 129</figureCitation>
), becoming 13 irregular transapical slit-like areolae at the apices (
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8D66F85AFD3EF853" box="[593,749,1982,2007]" captionStart="FIGURES 106114" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1522,1543]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,317,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-76@5.[189,1398,317,1497]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 106114. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Longer morphotype, SEM views of rapheless valve. 106. External view of an entire rapheless valve. 107. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 108109. Raphe vestiges at the two apices of the same valve. 110. Detail of the central area on the external of the rapheless valve. 111. Detail of the central area on the internal of the rapheless valve. 112113. Raphe vestiges at the apices with usually 12. 114. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (106107), 1 μm (108113), 0.2 μm (114)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714896/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Figs 108109</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8DC0F85AFC8DF853" box="[759,862,1982,2007]" captionStart="FIGURES 123129" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1538,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1437,190,1513]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 123129. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Shorter morphotype, SEM views of rapheless valve. 123. External view of an entire rapheless valve. 124. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 125126. Raphe vestiges at the two apices of the same valve. 127. Detail of the central area on the external of the rapheless valve. 128. Raphe vestiges at the apices. 129. Detail of the central area on the internal of the rapheless valve. Scale bars 5 μm (123124), 1 μm (125129)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714900/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">125126</figureCitation>
). Internally, the raphe vestiges at the apices consisted of 12 openings or absent (
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8EF5F806FD4AF87F" box="[450,665,2018,2043]" captionStart="FIGURES 106114" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1522,1543]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,317,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-76@5.[189,1398,317,1497]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 106114. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Longer morphotype, SEM views of rapheless valve. 106. External view of an entire rapheless valve. 107. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 108109. Raphe vestiges at the two apices of the same valve. 110. Detail of the central area on the external of the rapheless valve. 111. Detail of the central area on the internal of the rapheless valve. 112113. Raphe vestiges at the apices with usually 12. 114. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (106107), 1 μm (108113), 0.2 μm (114)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714896/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Figs 107, 112113</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8D90F806FCDCF87F" box="[679,783,2018,2043]" captionStart="FIGURES 123129" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1538,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1437,190,1513]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 123129. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Shorter morphotype, SEM views of rapheless valve. 123. External view of an entire rapheless valve. 124. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 125126. Raphe vestiges at the two apices of the same valve. 127. Detail of the central area on the external of the rapheless valve. 128. Raphe vestiges at the apices. 129. Detail of the central area on the internal of the rapheless valve. Scale bars 5 μm (123124), 1 μm (125129)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714900/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">124, 128</figureCitation>
). The shape of areolae were internally oblong, and areolar openings had fine hymenate occlusions (
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCBFFCD8D78F7E2FD66F79B" box="[591,693,2054,2079]" captionStart="FIGURES 106114" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1522,1543]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,317,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-76@5.[189,1398,317,1497]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 106114. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Longer morphotype, SEM views of rapheless valve. 106. External view of an entire rapheless valve. 107. Internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 108109. Raphe vestiges at the two apices of the same valve. 110. Detail of the central area on the external of the rapheless valve. 111. Detail of the central area on the internal of the rapheless valve. 112113. Raphe vestiges at the apices with usually 12. 114. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (106107), 1 μm (108113), 0.2 μm (114)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714896/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Figs 114</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B47D4FFCAFFCC8F8AFF44FCDEFE15" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BBE145FFFCAFFCC8F8AFF44FCDEFE15" blockId="3.[136,1452,160,437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCAFFCC8F8AFF44FEF5FF3D" bold="true" box="[189,294,160,185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Ecology:</emphasis>
Collected in one sample, JZG201307027, on filamentous algae (pH 8.4, water temperature 9.8 °C, TDS
<quantity id="4CF9B9BAFFCAFFCC8FF2FF20FEC9FF59" box="[197,282,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.46" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" unit="g" value="0.246">0.246 g</quantity>
/L, conductivity 367 μs/cm). This new species occurred at 4.3 % relative abundance (total counted, 400 valves) in sample JZG201307027. There were 6 species that accounted for more than 5 % of this sample:
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCAFFCC8A77FF0CFE9CFEA1" authority="Krammer" authorityName="Krammer" authorityYear="2002" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Cymbella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="vulgata">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCAFFCC8A77FF0CFF0FFEA1" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Cymbella vulgata</emphasis>
Krammer
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9069AEFFCAFFCC8E68FEE8FDE9FEA1" author="Krammer, K." box="[351,570,268,293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" refId="ref13398" refString="Krammer, K. (2002) Cymbella. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (Ed.) Diatoms of Europe, diatoms of the European inland waters and comparable habitats. Vol. 3. Ruggell: A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G, pp. 1 - 584." type="book" year="2002">Krammer 2002: 55</bibRefCitation>
) (19 %),
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCAFFCC8D9FFEE8FBBAFEA1" authority="(Kutzing) Krammer" authorityName="Krammer" baseAuthorityName="Kutzing" box="[680,1129,268,293]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Delicata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="delicatula">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCAFFCC8D9FFEE8FC52FEA1" box="[680,897,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Delicata delicatula</emphasis>
(Kützing) Krammer
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9069AEFFCAFFCC8B4EFEE8FAB3FEA1" author="Krammer, K." box="[1145,1376,268,293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" refId="ref13455" refString="Krammer, K. (2003) Cymbopleura, Delicata, Navicymbula, Gomphocymbellopsis, Afrocymbella. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (Ed.) Diatoms of Europe, Diatoms of the European Inland waters and comparable habitats. Vol. 4. Rugell: A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G., pp. 1 - 529." type="book" year="2003">Krammer 2003: 113</bibRefCitation>
) (17.3 %),
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCAFFCC8F80FED4FD20FECD" authority="(Kutzing) Czarnecki" authorityName="Czarnecki" baseAuthorityName="Kutzing" box="[183,755,304,329]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="minutissimum">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCAFFCC8F80FED4FDD5FECD" box="[183,518,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Achnanthidium minutissimum</emphasis>
(Kützing) Czarnecki
</taxonomicName>
(10.8 %),
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCAFFCC8C5CFED4FB4BFECD" authority="Kutzing" authorityName="Kutzing" box="[875,1176,304,329]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Bacillariaceae" genus="Denticula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Bacillariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCAFFCC8C5CFED4FBE4FECD" box="[875,1079,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Denticula elegans</emphasis>
Kützing
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9069AEFFCAFFCC8B90FED4FABCFECD" author="Kutzing, F. T." box="[1191,1391,304,329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" refId="ref13658" refString="Kutzing, F. T. (1844) Die Kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. Nordhausen: zu finden bei W. Kohne, 152 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64360" type="book" year="1844">Kützing 1844: 44</bibRefCitation>
) (9.3 %),
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCAFFCC8F8EFEB0FD0BFEE9" authority="(Hustedt) Kobayasi" authorityName="Kobayasi" baseAuthorityName="Hustedt" box="[185,728,340,365]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="pyrenaicum">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCAFFCC8F8EFEB0FE22FEE9" box="[185,497,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Achnanthidium pyrenaicum</emphasis>
(Hustedt) Kobayasi
</taxonomicName>
(6%), and
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCAFFCC8C6BFEB0FEF3FE15" authority="(Hustedt) Round &amp; Bukhtiyarova" authorityName="Round &amp; Bukhtiyarova" authorityYear="1996" baseAuthorityName="Hustedt" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="macrocephalum">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCAFFCC8C6BFEB0FB17FEE9" box="[860,1220,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Achnanthidium macrocephalum</emphasis>
(Hustedt) Round &amp; Bukhtiyarova
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9069AEFFCAFFCC8E18FE9CFD71FE15" author="Round, F. E. &amp; Bukhtiyarova, L." box="[303,674,376,401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" pagination="345 - 361" refId="ref14797" refString="Round, F. E. &amp; Bukhtiyarova, L. (1996) Four new genera based on Achnanthes (Achnanthidium) together with re-definition of Achnanthidium. Diatom Research 11: 345 - 361. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 1996.9705389" type="journal article" year="1996">Round &amp; Bukhtiyarova 1996: 75</bibRefCitation>
) (5.8 %).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B47D4FFCAFFCC8F8AFE78FB23FE31" box="[189,1264,412,437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBE145FFFCAFFCC8F8AFE78FB23FE31" blockId="3.[136,1452,160,437]" box="[189,1264,412,437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCAFFCC8F8AFE78FE8AFE31" bold="true" box="[189,345,412,437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Distribution:</emphasis>
Thus far, the new species was collected only at the
<typeStatus id="54BAAAFDFFCAFFCC8CA9FE78FC1DFE31" box="[926,974,412,437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">type</typeStatus>
locality in Jiuzhai Valley.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7E44D7FFCAFFCC8FBFF833FB07F794" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714892" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13714892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714892/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" startId="3.[136,243,2007,2028]" targetBox="[151,1436,473,1970]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBE145FFFCAFFCC8FBFF833FB07F794" blockId="3.[136,1452,2007,2064]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCAFFCC8FBFF833FEE2F868" bold="true" box="[136,305,2007,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">FIGURES 297.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCAFFCC8E00F833FD5FF868" box="[311,652,2007,2028]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCAFFCC8E00F833FDEAF868" authorityName="Yu &amp; You &amp; Pang &amp; Cao &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[311,569,2007,2028]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="jiuzhaienis" status="sp. nov.">Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2467536FFCAFFCC8D76F833FD5FF868" box="[577,652,2007,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, LM. 12, 41. Holotype; 249. Longer morphotype, (225) Raphe valves; (2649) Rapheless valves; 5097. Shorter morphotype, (5073) Raphe valves; (7497) Rapheless valves. Scale bar 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7E44D7FFCDFFCB8FBFFA92FC78FA73" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714894" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13714894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714894/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" startId="4.[136,243,1398,1419]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1372]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBE145FFFCDFFCB8FBFFA92FC78FA73" blockId="4.[136,1452,1398,1527]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8FBFFA92FE9BFA0F" bold="true" box="[136,328,1398,1419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">FIGURES 98105.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8E78FA92FD70FA0F" box="[335,675,1398,1419]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCDFFCB8E78FA92FD82FA0F" authorityName="Yu &amp; You &amp; Pang &amp; Cao &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[335,593,1398,1419]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="jiuzhaienis" status="sp. nov.">Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2467536FFCDFFCB8D6FFA92FD70FA0F" box="[600,675,1398,1419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Longer morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 98. External view of an entire raphe valve. 99. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 100101. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 102103. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 104105. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (9899), 1 μm (100103), 0.2 μm (104105).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31B47D4FFCDFFCA8F8AF9C3FD85FEA1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBE145FFFCDFFCB8F8AF9C3FC51F874" blockId="4.[136,1452,1575,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8F8AF9C3FEE7F9C4" bold="true" box="[189,308,1575,1600]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCDFFCB8E0DF9C3FDB7F9C4" authorityName="Yu &amp; You &amp; Pang &amp; Cao &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[314,612,1575,1600]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="jiuzhaienis">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8E0DF9C3FDB7F9C4" box="[314,612,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be compared to several species in the same genus, based on similarities in the outline and structure of the valve, including
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCDFFCB8DD2F9AFFB69F9E0" authority="(Meister) Lange-Bertalot" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Meister" box="[741,1210,1611,1636]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="gracillimum">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8DD2F9AFFC41F9E0" box="[741,914,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. gracillimum</emphasis>
(Meister) Lange-Bertalot
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9069AEFFCDFFCB8BFAF9AFFA74F9E0" author="Meister, F." box="[1229,1447,1611,1636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 254" refId="ref13967" refString="Meister, F. (1912) Die Kieselalgen der Schweiz. Beitrage zur Kryptogamenflora der Schweiz 4 / 1: 1 - 254." type="journal article" year="1912">Meister 1912: 234</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9069AEFFCDFFCB8FBFF98BFDEDF90C" author="Krammer, K. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H." box="[136,574,1647,1672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref13521" refString="Krammer, K. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. (2004) Bacillariophyceae 4. Teil: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Erganzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae), Gomphonema. Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis Teil 1 - 4. In: Pascher, A., Ettl, H., Gerloff, J. &amp; Heynig, H. (Eds.) Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Vol. 2. 468 pp." type="book chapter" year="2004">Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot 2004: 430</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCDFFCB8D65F98BFB8DF90C" authority="Vijver, Lange-Bertalot &amp; Jarlman" authorityName="Vijver, Lange-Bertalot &amp; Jarlman" box="[594,1118,1647,1672]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acerosum">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8D65F98BFD0EF90C" box="[594,733,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. acerosum</emphasis>
Vijver, Lange-Bertalot &amp; Jarlman
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9069AEFFCDFFCB8B5BF98BFABDF90C" author="Vijver, B. V. D. &amp; Ector, L. &amp; Beltrami, M. E. &amp; Haan, M. D. &amp; Falasco, E. &amp; Hlubikova, D. &amp; Jarlman, A. &amp; Kelly, M. &amp; Novais, M. H. &amp; Wojtal, A. Z." box="[1132,1390,1647,1672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" pagination="167 - 191" refId="ref14888" refString="Vijver, B. V. D., Ector, L., Beltrami, M. E., Haan, M. D., Falasco, E., Hlubikova, D., Jarlman, A., Kelly, M., Novais, M. H. &amp; Wojtal, A. Z. (2011) A critical analysis of the type material of Achnanthidium lineare W. Sm. (Bacillariophyceae). Algological Studies 136 / 137: 167 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 1864 - 1318 / 2011 / 0136 - 0167" type="journal article" year="2011">
Vijver
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8B8CF98BFB27F90C" box="[1211,1268,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">et al.</emphasis>
2011: 198
</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCDFFCB8FBFF977FDD1F928" authority="Vijver &amp; Lange-Bertalot" authorityName="Vijver &amp; Lange-Bertalot" box="[136,514,1683,1708]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="ertzii">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8FBFF977FF30F928" box="[136,227,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. ertzii</emphasis>
Vijver &amp; Lange-Bertalot
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9069AEFFCDFFCB8D25F977FCCFF928" author="Vijver, B. V. D. &amp; Ector, L. &amp; Beltrami, M. E. &amp; Haan, M. D. &amp; Falasco, E. &amp; Hlubikova, D. &amp; Jarlman, A. &amp; Kelly, M. &amp; Novais, M. H. &amp; Wojtal, A. Z." box="[530,796,1683,1708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" pagination="167 - 191" refId="ref14888" refString="Vijver, B. V. D., Ector, L., Beltrami, M. E., Haan, M. D., Falasco, E., Hlubikova, D., Jarlman, A., Kelly, M., Novais, M. H. &amp; Wojtal, A. Z. (2011) A critical analysis of the type material of Achnanthidium lineare W. Sm. (Bacillariophyceae). Algological Studies 136 / 137: 167 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 1864 - 1318 / 2011 / 0136 - 0167" type="journal article" year="2011">
Vijver
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8D55F977FD4EF928" box="[610,669,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">et al.</emphasis>
2011: 200
</bibRefCitation>
). The morphological characteristics of
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCDFFCB8BEEF977FAA0F928" authorityName="Yu &amp; You &amp; Pang &amp; Cao &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[1241,1395,1683,1708]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="jiuzhaienis">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8BEEF977FAA0F928" box="[1241,1395,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. jiuzhaienis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. and these similar species are summarized in
<tableCitation id="C68321E4FFCDFFCB8D65F953FD75F954" box="[594,678,1719,1744]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,224,1737,1760]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of morphological characteristics of Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. and closely related taxa." pageId="4" pageNumber="151">Table 1</tableCitation>
to facilitate a comparison. In terms of features viewed with an LM, the outline of the valves of
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCDFFCB8EFFF93FFDB6F970" authorityName="Yu &amp; You &amp; Pang &amp; Cao &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[456,613,1755,1780]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="168" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="jiuzhaienis">
A.
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8EDBF93FFDB6F970" box="[492,613,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">jiuzhaienis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. were wide lanceolate with subcapitate to capitate ends, while that of
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCDFFCB8AA4F93FFEC2F89C" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Meister" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="gracillimum">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8AA4F93FFEC2F89C" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. gracillimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were linear-lanceolate with broadly rounded ends,
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCDFFCB8C7FF91BFC01F89C" box="[840,978,1791,1816]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acerosum">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8C7FF91BFC01F89C" box="[840,978,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. acerosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were narrowly lanceolate with subcapitate ends, and
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCDFFCB8FCFF8C7FE83F8B8" box="[248,336,1827,1852]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="ertzii">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8FCFF8C7FE83F8B8" box="[248,336,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. ertzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is linear-lanceolate with capitate ends. Additionally, the valves of
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCDFFCB8B04F8C7FB19F8B8" authorityName="Yu &amp; You &amp; Pang &amp; Cao &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[1075,1226,1827,1852]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="jiuzhaienis">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8B04F8C7FB19F8B8" box="[1075,1226,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. jiuzhaienis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were longer (1940 μm) than the valves of
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCDFFCB8EA5F8A3FDCCF8E4" box="[402,543,1863,1888]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acerosum">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8EA5F8A3FDCCF8E4" box="[402,543,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. acerosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1519 μm) and
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCDFFCB8DD0F8A3FC91F8E4" box="[743,834,1863,1888]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="ertzii">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8DD0F8A3FC91F8E4" box="[743,834,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. ertzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1822 μm), as well as wider (3.24.5 μm) compared to (
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCDFFCB8F87F88FFE88F800" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Meister" box="[176,347,1899,1924]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="gracillimum">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8F87F88FFE88F800" box="[176,347,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. gracillimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(34 μm),
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCDFFCB8EEAF88FFDBDF800" box="[477,622,1899,1924]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acerosum">
A.
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8D35F88FFDBDF800" box="[514,622,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">acerosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1.92.4 μm), and
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCDFFCB8C7BF88FFC78F800" box="[844,939,1899,1924]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="ertzii">
A.
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8C46F88FFC78F800" box="[881,939,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">ertzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2.22.8 μm). No central area was observed in the new species, but the other species did have a central area. With respect to features observed with an SEM,
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCDFFCB8AA4F86BFED2F848" authorityName="Yu &amp; You &amp; Pang &amp; Cao &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2019" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="jiuzhaienis">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8AA4F86BFED2F848" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. jiuzhaienis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. was distinguished from these similar species by the presence of hooked external distal raphe fissures; the external distal raphe ends were straight in
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCDFFCB8D55F833FD3EF874" box="[610,749,2007,2032]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acerosum">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8D55F833FD3EF874" box="[610,749,2007,2032]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. acerosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCDFFCB8C15F833FCAFF874" box="[802,892,2007,2032]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="ertzii">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCDFFCB8C15F833FCAFF874" box="[802,892,2007,2032]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. ertzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE145FFFCCFFCA8F8AFF44FD85FEA1" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">
Two morphotypes appeared to be present in this population of
<taxonomicName id="4C016FDCFFCCFFCA8CB0FF44FBF3FF3D" authorityName="Yu &amp; You &amp; Pang &amp; Cao &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[903,1056,160,185]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="jiuzhaienis">
<emphasis id="B975C84DFFCCFFCA8CB0FF44FBF3FF3D" box="[903,1056,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">A. jiuzhaienis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. One morphotype was longer with subcapitate ends (
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCCFFCA8E7AFF20FE13FF59" box="[333,448,196,221]" captionStart="FIGURES 297" captionStartId="3.[136,243,2007,2028]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,473,1970]" captionTargetId="figure-132@3.[151,1437,473,1985]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 297. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov., LM. 12, 41. Holotype; 249. Longer morphotype, (225) Raphe valves; (2649) Rapheless valves; 5097. Shorter morphotype, (5073) Raphe valves; (7497) Rapheless valves. Scale bar 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714892/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">Figs 249</figureCitation>
), while the other morphotype was shorter with capitate ends (
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCCFFCA8B52FF20FB34FF59" box="[1125,1255,196,221]" captionStart="FIGURES 297" captionStartId="3.[136,243,2007,2028]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,473,1970]" captionTargetId="figure-132@3.[151,1437,473,1985]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 297. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov., LM. 12, 41. Holotype; 249. Longer morphotype, (225) Raphe valves; (2649) Rapheless valves; 5097. Shorter morphotype, (5073) Raphe valves; (7497) Rapheless valves. Scale bar 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714892/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">Figs 5097</figureCitation>
). Additionally, on the raphe valve, striae radiated in the middle portion in the longer morphotype (
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCCFFCA8CC2FF0CFB5DFE85" box="[1013,1166,232,257]" captionStart="FIGURES 115122" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-165@6.[189,1398,801,1927]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 115122. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Shorter morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 115. External view of an entire raphe valve. 116. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 117118. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 119120. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 121122. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (115116), 1 μm (117120), 0.2 μm (121122)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714898/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">Figs 115, 118</figureCitation>
), and were nearly parallel in the shorter morphotype (
<figureCitation id="133A08DAFFCCFFCA8E8EFEE8FD9AFEA1" box="[441,585,268,293]" captionStart="FIGURES 98105" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1398,1419]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-15@4.[151,1437,190,1372]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 98105. Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis sp. nov. Longer morphotype, SEM views of raphe valve. 98. External view of an entire raphe valve. 99. Internal view of an entire raphe valve. 100101. Details of the apices and the central area on the external of the raphe valve. 102103. Detail of the apices and the central area on the internal of the raphe valve. 104105. Internal areola openings with fine hymenate structures. Scale bars 5 μm (9899), 1 μm (100103), 0.2 μm (104105)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714894/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">Figs 98, 101</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>