384 lines
49 KiB
XML
384 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="34BE22DBC0174FC397BC74664D3059D4" ID-DOI="10.1111/zoj.12208" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5333617" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630174120564" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Brown, Brian V., Amorim, Dalton De Souza & Kung, Giar-Ann" docDate="2015" docId="039987A3BD722956605DFEC32AA08836" docLanguage="en" docName="zoj12208.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12208" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Hypocera Lioy 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="479" masterDocId="FFA0FFDBBD402961645AFF8D2B538E7A" masterDocTitle="New morphological characters for classifying Phoridae (Diptera) from the structure of the thorax" masterLastPageNumber="485" masterPageNumber="424" pageNumber="474" updateTime="1699174405299" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="BC0FE339AA1133004064525A2CB8AA5B">New morphological characters for classifying Phoridae (Diptera) from the structure of the thorax</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E96F7C18D94396138C820802D1754564">Brown, Brian V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="356DD7953DC77CD6B66C3C499A73692F">Amorim, Dalton De Souza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="344BDB8A258E0D53F5D436B79526BA54">Kung, Giar-Ann</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2E3859B2608E799F68BC31041AAFA2E4">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D05393D56BDFCF6A5D72C699DD4FBFEE">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C5C88D9D4CC91C1F679B822B5287B0C7">2015-01-29</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039987A3BD722956605DFEC32AA08836" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5413004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5413004" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987A3BD722956605DFEC32AA08836" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039987A3BD722956605DFEC32AA08836" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="479" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">
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<subSubSection id="C32A653EBD722953605DFEC32F538FCB" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD722953605DFEC32F878F18" blockId="50.[1031,1236,334,355]" box="[1031,1236,334,355]" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">
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<heading id="D0C781D9BD722953605DFEC32F878F18" box="[1031,1236,334,355]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD722953605DFEC32FD38F1B" ID-CoL="52MV" ID-ENA="940227" authorityName="Lioy" authorityYear="1864" box="[1031,1152,334,355]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Hypocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD722953605DFEC32FD38F1B" box="[1031,1152,334,355]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">HYPOCERA</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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GROUP
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD7229536760FEF02F538FCB" blockId="50.[826,1441,381,433]" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">
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45. Lumen of hind coxa: (0) large, (1) extremely reduced (
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<figureCitation id="130B2A30BD7229536728FE1628A68FCB" box="[882,1013,411,433]" captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="53.[144,223,1284,1303]" captionTargetBox="[149,1419,197,1252]" captionTargetId="figure-196@53.[146,1421,194,1254]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Figure 45 Character 45. Lumen of hind coxa large (0); lumen of hind coxa reduced (1). A, Javanoxenia. B, Brownphora. C, Apodicrania. D, Neopleurophora. E, Diplonevra. F, Borophaga." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333736/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Fig. 45A–F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32A653EBD7229566709FE442AA08836" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="479" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD7229536709FE442FC88AE4" blockId="50.[826,1442,457,1183]" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">
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The lumen of the hind coxa in platypezids is large, as in most other brachyceran families, occupying more than half of the posterior face of the coxa. As noted above, there is an amazing amount of change in the shape of the hind coxa during the evolution of the phorids and this is just a first effort to convert the variation into discrete character states amenable to phylogenetic analysis. The size of the lumen in the sciadocerines, chonocephalines and termitoxeniines (
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<figureCitation id="130B2A30BD7229536718FD5028F78C88" box="[834,932,732,755]" captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="53.[144,223,1284,1303]" captionTargetBox="[149,1419,197,1252]" captionTargetId="figure-196@53.[146,1421,194,1254]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Figure 45 Character 45. Lumen of hind coxa large (0); lumen of hind coxa reduced (1). A, Javanoxenia. B, Brownphora. C, Apodicrania. D, Neopleurophora. E, Diplonevra. F, Borophaga." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333736/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Fig. 45A</figureCitation>
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) is still large, even though smaller than in platypezids. The shape of the coxa (and the lumen) in
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD7229536738FC9728AC8D55" authorityName="Kemner" authorityYear="1932" box="[866,1023,794,815]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Javanoxenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD7229536738FC9728AC8D55" box="[866,1023,794,815]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Javanoxenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is relatively conserved, but in
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD7229536760FCB52F5E8D37" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1936" box="[826,1037,824,845]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Termitophilomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD7229536760FCB52F5E8D37" box="[826,1037,824,845]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Termitophilomyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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there are some changes. In the metopinines there is considerable variation in the shape of the hind coxa.
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD72295367A5FCFB2FA98DF1" baseAuthorityName="Borgmeier" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[1023,1274,886,907]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Brownphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinefurca">
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<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD72295367A5FCFB2FA98DF1" box="[1023,1274,886,907]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Brownphora sinefurca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="130B2A30BD7229536150FCFB2E3A8DF1" box="[1290,1385,885,908]" captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="53.[144,223,1284,1303]" captionTargetBox="[149,1419,197,1252]" captionTargetId="figure-196@53.[146,1421,194,1254]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Figure 45 Character 45. Lumen of hind coxa large (0); lumen of hind coxa reduced (1). A, Javanoxenia. B, Brownphora. C, Apodicrania. D, Neopleurophora. E, Diplonevra. F, Borophaga." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333736/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Fig. 45B</figureCitation>
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) has a general shape of the coxa and the lumen similar to that of
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD72295367D0FC3E2F478DB2" authorityName="Kemner" authorityYear="1932" box="[906,1044,947,968]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Javanoxenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD72295367D0FC3E2F478DB2" box="[906,1044,947,968]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Javanoxenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="130B2A30BD7229536078FC3E2F2C8DB3" box="[1058,1151,947,969]" captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="53.[144,223,1284,1303]" captionTargetBox="[149,1419,197,1252]" captionTargetId="figure-196@53.[146,1421,194,1254]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Figure 45 Character 45. Lumen of hind coxa large (0); lumen of hind coxa reduced (1). A, Javanoxenia. B, Brownphora. C, Apodicrania. D, Neopleurophora. E, Diplonevra. F, Borophaga." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333736/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Fig. 45A</figureCitation>
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) in terms of plesiomorphy, but
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD7229536733FC5C28A68D9C" authorityName="Borgmeier" authorityYear="1933" box="[873,1013,977,998]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Apodicrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD7229536733FC5C28A68D9C" box="[873,1013,977,998]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Apodicrania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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diverges considerably from that condition (
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<figureCitation id="130B2A30BD72295367D2FC7D28B58A7C" box="[904,998,1008,1030]" captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="53.[144,223,1284,1303]" captionTargetBox="[149,1419,197,1252]" captionTargetId="figure-196@53.[146,1421,194,1254]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Figure 45 Character 45. Lumen of hind coxa large (0); lumen of hind coxa reduced (1). A, Javanoxenia. B, Brownphora. C, Apodicrania. D, Neopleurophora. E, Diplonevra. F, Borophaga." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333736/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Fig. 45C</figureCitation>
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). Within the phorines, most genera have a wide lumen (
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<figureCitation id="130B2A30BD7229536781FB832F048A5E" box="[987,1111,1038,1060]" captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="53.[144,223,1284,1303]" captionTargetBox="[149,1419,197,1252]" captionTargetId="figure-196@53.[146,1421,194,1254]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Figure 45 Character 45. Lumen of hind coxa large (0); lumen of hind coxa reduced (1). A, Javanoxenia. B, Brownphora. C, Apodicrania. D, Neopleurophora. E, Diplonevra. F, Borophaga." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333736/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Fig. 45D, E</figureCitation>
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), while some genera (
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<figureCitation id="130B2A30BD722953611BFB832ECA8A5E" box="[1345,1433,1038,1060]" captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="53.[144,223,1284,1303]" captionTargetBox="[149,1419,197,1252]" captionTargetId="figure-196@53.[146,1421,194,1254]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Figure 45 Character 45. Lumen of hind coxa large (0); lumen of hind coxa reduced (1). A, Javanoxenia. B, Brownphora. C, Apodicrania. D, Neopleurophora. E, Diplonevra. F, Borophaga." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333736/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Fig. 45F</figureCitation>
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) have the lumen considerably reduced. The taxonomic distribution of the apomorphic state corresponds to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD7229536760FBE728E18A05" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1924" box="[826,946,1130,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Borophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD7229536760FBE728E18A05" box="[826,946,1130,1151]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Borophaga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group of genera as defined by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B44BD722953615CFBE62ECE8AFA" author="Brown BV" box="[1286,1437,1130,1152]" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref20063" refString="Brown BV. 1992. Generic revision of Phoridae of the Nearctic Region and phylogenetic classification of Phoridae, Sciadoceridae and Ironomyiidae (Diptera: Phoridea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 164: 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1992">Brown (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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, including the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD7229536070FB072FC78AE5" authorityName="Lioy" authorityYear="1864" box="[1066,1172,1162,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Hypocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD7229536070FB072FC78AE5" box="[1066,1172,1162,1183]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Hypocera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD7229536760FB3A2F538A91" blockId="50.[826,1441,1207,1259]" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">
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46. Posterior anepisternum crest: (0) slender, (1) wide (
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<figureCitation id="130B2A30BD7229536728FB5828A68A91" box="[882,1013,1237,1259]" captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="54.[164,242,1818,1837]" captionTargetBox="[170,1440,199,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-0@54.[166,1442,195,1789]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figure 46 Character 46. Posterior anepisternal crest slender (0); posterior anepisternal crest wide (1). A, Bothroprosopa. B, Epcinemis. C, Godavaria. D, Abaristophora. E, Borophaga. F, Stichillus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333740/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Fig. 46A–F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD7229536709FA8E2F768B95" blockId="50.[826,1441,1283,1519]" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">
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A slender anepisternum posterior crest is seen in chonocephalines, termitoxeniines, metopinines and most phorines (
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<figureCitation id="130B2A30BD72295367E3FACD2F1B8B2C" box="[953,1096,1344,1366]" captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="54.[164,242,1818,1837]" captionTargetBox="[170,1440,199,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-0@54.[166,1442,195,1789]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figure 46 Character 46. Posterior anepisternal crest slender (0); posterior anepisternal crest wide (1). A, Bothroprosopa. B, Epcinemis. C, Godavaria. D, Abaristophora. E, Borophaga. F, Stichillus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333740/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Fig. 46A–D</figureCitation>
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). In
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD72295360D2FACD2E588B2F" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1924" box="[1160,1291,1344,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Borophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD72295360D2FACD2E588B2F" box="[1160,1291,1344,1365]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Borophaga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD722953617AFACC2ECA8B2C" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1924" box="[1312,1433,1345,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD722953617AFACC2ECA8B2C" box="[1312,1433,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Peromitra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD7229536760FAD228FB8B0E" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1924" box="[826,936,1375,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Stichillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD7229536760FAD228FB8B0E" box="[826,936,1375,1396]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Stichillus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD72295367BCFAD22FF38B0E" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1923" box="[998,1184,1375,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Trineurocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD72295367BCFAD22FF38B0E" box="[998,1184,1375,1396]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Trineurocephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the posterior crest is wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A30BD72295367DAFAF32F508BE9" box="[896,1027,1406,1428]" captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="54.[164,242,1818,1837]" captionTargetBox="[170,1440,199,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-0@54.[166,1442,195,1789]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figure 46 Character 46. Posterior anepisternal crest slender (0); posterior anepisternal crest wide (1). A, Bothroprosopa. B, Epcinemis. C, Godavaria. D, Abaristophora. E, Borophaga. F, Stichillus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333740/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Fig. 46E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD7229536060FAF32FFF8BE9" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1924" box="[1082,1196,1406,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD7229536060FAF32FFF8BE9" box="[1082,1196,1406,1427]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Peromitra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD72295360E1FAF32E7A8BE9" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1924" box="[1211,1321,1406,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Stichillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD72295360E1FAF32E7A8BE9" box="[1211,1321,1406,1427]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Stichillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A30BD7229536160FAF32ECA8BEE" box="[1338,1433,1406,1428]" captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="54.[164,242,1818,1837]" captionTargetBox="[170,1440,199,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-0@54.[166,1442,195,1789]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figure 46 Character 46. Posterior anepisternal crest slender (0); posterior anepisternal crest wide (1). A, Bothroprosopa. B, Epcinemis. C, Godavaria. D, Abaristophora. E, Borophaga. F, Stichillus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333740/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Fig. 46F</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD7229536735FA112F7A8BCB" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1923" box="[879,1065,1436,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Trineurocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD7229536735FA112F7A8BCB" box="[879,1065,1436,1457]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Trineurocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there is a longitudinal rugosity in the crest, which is smooth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD722953609AFA362E6F8BAA" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1924" box="[1216,1340,1467,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Borophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD722953609AFA362E6F8BAA" box="[1216,1340,1467,1488]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Borophaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a character not used here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD7229536701F9A92FE98820" blockId="50.[859,1409,1572,1626]" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">
|
||
ADDITIONAL CHARACTERS DISCUSSED BY
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B44BD7229536176F9A82F368823" author="Brown BV" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref20063" refString="Brown BV. 1992. Generic revision of Phoridae of the Nearctic Region and phylogenetic classification of Phoridae, Sciadoceridae and Ironomyiidae (Diptera: Phoridea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 164: 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1992">BROWN (1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B44BD7229536028F9C92FFD8820" author="Brown BV" box="[1138,1198,1604,1626]" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref20149" refString="Brown BV. 2007. A further new genus of primitive phorid fly (Diptera: Phoridae) from Baltic amber and its phylogenetic implications. Contributions in Science 513: 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD7229536760F9FE2EF188F3" blockId="50.[826,1442,1651,1826]" box="[826,1442,1651,1673]" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">47. Wing cell cua and vein CuA: (0) present, (1) absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD7229536760F91F2E5888D2" blockId="50.[826,1442,1651,1826]" box="[826,1291,1682,1704]" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">48. Tibial setae: (0) present, (1) absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD7229536760F93C2883889F" blockId="50.[826,1442,1651,1826]" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">
|
||
49. Fork of m: (0) basal to dm-m, (1) apical to dm-m (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A30BD7229536728F9422891889F" box="[882,962,1743,1765]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="15.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[151,1416,207,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-98@15.[144,1425,195,1531]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 13 Characters 4 and 7. Character 4 (black arrows). R4+5 ending at wing tip (0); R4+5 ending before wing tip (1); R4+5 at most at distal one-third of wing length (2). Character 7 (grey arrows). R1 reaching at least distal third of wing (0); R1 reaching distal half of wing (1); R1 reaching basal third of wing (2). A, Lindneromyia. B, Lonchoptera. C, Sciadocera. D, Chonocephalus. E, Pseudacteon. F, Coniceromyia. G. Latiborophaga. H, Trophithauma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333639/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD7229536760F9602FF58958" blockId="50.[826,1442,1651,1826]" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">50. Hind tarsomere 1: (0) relatively cylindrical, (1) greatly enlarged, flattened.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD7229536709F8B72FFF8915" blockId="50.[826,1441,1850,1903]" pageId="50" pageNumber="474">
|
||
The monophyly of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD722953603AF8B72FA0892A" box="[1120,1267,1850,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platypezidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
was discussed extensively by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B44BD72295367B3F8D42FFB8915" author="Chandler PJ" box="[1001,1192,1881,1903]" pageId="50" pageNumber="474" pagination="1 - 276" refId="ref20259" refString="Chandler PJ. 2001. The flat-footed flies (Diptera: Opetiidae and Platypezidae) of Europe. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 36: 1 - 276." type="journal article" year="2001">Chandler (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4F663DBD73295264CAF8952A1589F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333730" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5333730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333730/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="475" startId="51.[144,223,1816,1835]" targetBox="[148,1419,197,1784]" targetPageId="51">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD73295264CAF8952A1589F9" blockId="51.[144,1421,1816,1923]" pageId="51" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD73295264CAF8952BAC8951" bold="true" box="[144,255,1816,1835]" pageId="51" pageNumber="475">Figure 43</emphasis>
|
||
Character 43. Anterior spiracle position below level of dorsal margin of anepisternum (0); anterior spiracle position above level of dorsal margin of anepisternum (1). A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD7329526752F8B828F08932" box="[776,931,1845,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD7329526752F8B828F08932" box="[776,931,1845,1864]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="475">Chonocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD7329526797F8B82F618932" box="[973,1074,1845,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Beckerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD7329526797F8B82F618932" box="[973,1074,1845,1864]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="475">Beckerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD7329526007F8BB2FE48933" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" box="[1117,1207,1846,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Conicera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD7329526007F8BB2FE48933" box="[1117,1207,1846,1865]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="475">Conicera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD73295260BEF8B82ED48932" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1992" box="[1252,1415,1845,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Neopleurophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD73295260BEF8B82ED48932" box="[1252,1415,1845,1864]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="475">Neopleurophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. E,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD73295264EBF8DE2A1D891C" authorityName="Breddin & Borner" authorityYear="1904" box="[177,334,1875,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Thaumatoxena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD73295264EBF8DE2A1D891C" box="[177,334,1875,1894]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="475">Thaumatoxena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD7329526521F8DE2AA2891F" box="[379,497,1875,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Misotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD7329526521F8DE2AA2891F" box="[379,497,1875,1893]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="475">Misotermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Dashed white line = dorsal margin of anepisternum; dashed black line = position of anterior spiracle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4F663DBD74295564FEF94028318884" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333734" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5333734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333734/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="476" startId="52.[164,243,1741,1760]" targetBox="[180,1430,193,1711]" targetPageId="52">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD74295564FEF94028318884" blockId="52.[164,1441,1741,1790]" pageId="52" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD74295564FEF9402A40889A" bold="true" box="[164,275,1741,1760]" pageId="52" pageNumber="476">Figure 44</emphasis>
|
||
Character 44. Strong postpronotal seta present (0); reduced (1); absent (2). A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD742955603BF9402F9E889A" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[1121,1229,1741,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" genus="Callomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD742955603BF9402F9E889A" box="[1121,1229,1741,1760]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="476">Callomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD74295560A1F9402E2F889A" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[1275,1404,1741,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Lonchopteridae" genus="Lonchoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD74295560A1F9402E2F889A" box="[1275,1404,1741,1760]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="476">Lonchoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD74295564FEF9662A458884" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1916" box="[164,278,1771,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Sciadocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD74295564FEF9662A458884" box="[164,278,1771,1790]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="476">Sciadocera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD742955651CF9662AB78884" box="[326,484,1771,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD742955651CF9662AB78884" box="[326,484,1771,1790]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="476">Chonocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. E,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD7429556649F96629C48887" authorityName="Kemner" authorityYear="1932" box="[531,663,1771,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Javanoxenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD7429556649F96629C48887" box="[531,663,1771,1789]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="476">Javanoxenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD7429556698F966280F8884" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1992" box="[706,860,1771,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Latiborophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD7429556698F966280F8884" box="[706,860,1771,1790]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="476">Latiborophaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4F663DBD75295464CAFA89281E8B4F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333736" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5333736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333736/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="477" startId="53.[144,223,1284,1303]" targetBox="[149,1419,197,1252]" targetPageId="53">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD75295464CAFA89281E8B4F" blockId="53.[144,1421,1284,1333]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD75295464CAFA892BAC8B6D" bold="true" box="[144,255,1284,1303]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">Figure 45</emphasis>
|
||
Character 45. Lumen of hind coxa large (0); lumen of hind coxa reduced (1). A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD752954600EFA892F8B8B6C" authorityName="Kemner" authorityYear="1932" box="[1108,1240,1284,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Javanoxenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD752954600EFA892F8B8B6C" box="[1108,1240,1284,1302]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">Javanoxenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD752954615FFA892ED48B6D" authorityName="Disney" authorityYear="2004" box="[1285,1415,1284,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Brownphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD752954615FFA892ED48B6D" box="[1285,1415,1284,1303]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">Brownphora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD75295464F5FAAC2A638B4E" authorityName="Borgmeier" authorityYear="1933" box="[175,304,1313,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Apodicrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD75295464F5FAAC2A638B4E" box="[175,304,1313,1332]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">Apodicrania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD752954653AFAAC29548B4E" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1992" box="[352,519,1313,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Neopleurophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD752954653AFAAC29548B4E" box="[352,519,1313,1332]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">Neopleurophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. E,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD752954666CFAAC29F98B4E" authorityName="Lioy" authorityYear="1864" box="[566,682,1313,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Diplonevra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD752954666CFAAC29F98B4E" box="[566,682,1313,1332]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">Diplonevra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD752954668FFAAC28148B4E" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1924" box="[725,839,1313,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Borophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD752954668FFAAC28148B4E" box="[725,839,1313,1332]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">Borophaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD75295464CAFAE229F78BFF" blockId="53.[144,759,1391,1688]" box="[144,676,1391,1413]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">
|
||
51. Vein Sc: (0) ending freely, (1) fused to R
|
||
<subScript id="17B434F0BD75295466CFFAF429CE8BFF" attach="left" box="[661,669,1401,1413]" fontSize="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">1</subScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD75295464CAFA0329788BDE" blockId="53.[144,759,1391,1688]" box="[144,555,1422,1444]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">52. Stigma: (0) present, (1) absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD75295464CAFA212A648B9B" blockId="53.[144,759,1391,1688]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">53. Radial veins: (0) thin, like other wing veins, (1) thickened.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD75295464CAFA642A408864" blockId="53.[144,759,1391,1688]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">54. Male frons: (0) narrowed, (1) broad like that of female.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD75295464CAF9AA2AA88821" blockId="53.[144,759,1391,1688]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">55. Number of sclerites between male tergite 6 and genitalia: (0) one, (1) none.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD75295464CAF9E92AFC88E2" blockId="53.[144,759,1391,1688]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">56. Hind tarsomere 1: (0) lacking setal palisades, (1) with setal palisades.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD75295464F2F93D2A838979" blockId="53.[144,759,1712,1796]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">
|
||
Disney (2001) proposed this character as a synapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD7529546508F9422AE4889F" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1833" box="[338,439,1743,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD7529546674F9422995889F" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1929" box="[558,710,1743,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sciadocerinae">Sciadocerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it also occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD752954650EF9632A9A8979" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1917" box="[340,457,1774,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Ironomyiidae" genus="Ironomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD752954650EF9632A9A8979" box="[340,457,1774,1795]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">Ironomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD75295464CAF8962A42892A" blockId="53.[144,758,1819,1903]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">57. Ejaculatory apodeme: (0) present, (1) absent or invisible.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD75295464CAF8D429B28915" blockId="53.[144,758,1819,1903]" box="[144,737,1881,1903]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">58. Female spermatheca: (0) sclerotized, (1) white.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD752954677CFAE22F108BDE" blockId="53.[806,1422,1391,1903]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">59. Male first flagellomere in sciadocerines: (0) small, (1) greatly enlarged.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD752954677CFA212F858BB8" blockId="53.[806,1422,1391,1903]" box="[806,1238,1452,1474]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">60. Empodia: (0) present, (1) absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD752954677CFA4628AA8B85" blockId="53.[806,1422,1391,1903]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">61. Male genitalia: (0) symmetrical, (1) asymmetrical.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD752954677CF9852E548864" blockId="53.[806,1422,1391,1903]" box="[806,1287,1544,1566]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">62. Proscutellum: (0) present, (1) absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD752954677CF9AA2FA38847" blockId="53.[806,1422,1391,1903]" box="[806,1264,1575,1597]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">63. Fork of R veins: (0) long, (1) short.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD752954677CF9C828FA88E2" blockId="53.[806,1422,1391,1903]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">64. Modern frontal setation of phorids (ventral interfrontal setae present): (0) present, (1) absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD752954677CF92C2EDD88CC" blockId="53.[806,1422,1391,1903]" box="[806,1422,1697,1719]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">65. Femora: (0) with large setae, (1) lacking large setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD752954677CF94D2FCE88AC" blockId="53.[806,1422,1391,1903]" box="[806,1181,1728,1750]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">66. Testes: (0) brown, (1) white.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD752954677CF95328888968" blockId="53.[806,1422,1391,1903]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">67. Second pair of supra-antennal setae: (0) absent, (1) present.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD752954677CF8962EDD894B" blockId="53.[806,1422,1391,1903]" box="[806,1422,1819,1842]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">68. Supra-antennal setae: (0) reclinate, (1) proclinate.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD752954677CF8B728828915" blockId="53.[806,1422,1391,1903]" pageId="53" pageNumber="477">69. Epandrium/hypandrium: (0) separate, (1) anteriorly fused.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4F663DBD76295764FEF89728988931" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333740" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5333740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333740/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="478" startId="54.[164,242,1818,1837]" targetBox="[170,1440,199,1785]" targetPageId="54">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD76295764FEF89728988931" blockId="54.[164,1441,1818,1867]" pageId="54" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD76295764FEF8972A418954" bold="true" box="[164,274,1818,1838]" pageId="54" pageNumber="478">Figure 46</emphasis>
|
||
Character 46. Posterior anepisternal crest slender (0); posterior anepisternal crest wide (1). A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD762957615EF8962ECF8954" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1939" box="[1284,1436,1819,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Bothroprosopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD762957615EF8962ECF8954" box="[1284,1436,1819,1838]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="478">Bothroprosopa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. B,
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD7629576499F8B42A7C8931" box="[195,303,1849,1867]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="478">Epcinemis</emphasis>
|
||
. C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD7629576505F8B52A9D8931" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1992" box="[351,462,1848,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Godavaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD7629576505F8B52A9D8931" box="[351,462,1848,1867]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="478">Godavaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD76295765A4F8B529C08931" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1927" box="[510,659,1848,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Abaristophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD76295765A4F8B529C08931" box="[510,659,1848,1867]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="478">Abaristophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. E,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD7629576699F8B528668931" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1924" box="[707,821,1848,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Borophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD7629576699F8B528668931" box="[707,821,1848,1867]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="478">Borophaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD762957673AF8B528968931" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1924" box="[864,965,1848,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Stichillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD762957673AF8B528968931" box="[864,965,1848,1867]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="478">Stichillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664CAFF4B2A5D8F42" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">
|
||
70. Scutum: (0) with longer setae in more or less distinct longitudinal rows, (1) with dense, short setulae dorsally. This character was discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B44BD77295666F1FE8E2A598F42" author="Brown BV" pageId="55" pageNumber="479" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref20149" refString="Brown BV. 2007. A further new genus of primitive phorid fly (Diptera: Phoridae) from Baltic amber and its phylogenetic implications. Contributions in Science 513: 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2007">Brown (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664CAFECD2ADB8FEE" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">
|
||
71. Female tergite
|
||
<quantity id="4CC89B50BD7729566536FECC2ACB8F2C" box="[364,408,320,342]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="55" pageNumber="479" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD77295665C5FECD29788F2C" baseAuthorityName="Disney & Ellwood" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[415,555,320,342]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Metopininae">Metopininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD772956663FFECD299D8F2C" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[613,718,320,342]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phorinae">Phorinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (0) present, (1) absent. This character was discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B44BD77295664BEFEF32AD78FEE" author="Brown BV" box="[228,388,382,404]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref20063" refString="Brown BV. 1992. Generic revision of Phoridae of the Nearctic Region and phylogenetic classification of Phoridae, Sciadoceridae and Ironomyiidae (Diptera: Phoridea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 164: 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1992">Brown (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664CAFE112A298FAB" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">72. Male frons: (0) relatively broad, (1) greatly narrowed ventrally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD772956649AFE542A7E8C30" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">
|
||
This character is synapomorphic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD772956649AFE752ADE8C74" authorityName="Brown & Amorim & Kung" authorityYear="2015" box="[192,397,504,526]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chonocephalinae">Chonocephalinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A somewhat similar narrowing is found in the unrelated phorine genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD772956649AFDB82A748C30" authorityName="Borgmeier" authorityYear="1967" box="[192,295,565,586]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Ceratusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAA7BD772956649AFDB82A748C30" box="[192,295,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">Ceratusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664CAFDD92A4E8CF2" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">
|
||
73. Derived states of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D36BD77295665D6FDDE29198C13" authorityName="Wasmann" authorityYear="1901" box="[396,586,595,617]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Termitoxeniinae">Termitoxeniinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (0) absent, (1) present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664CAFD1C29958CDC" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" box="[144,710,657,679]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">74. Dufour’s mechanism: (0) absent, (1) present.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664CAFD222A2E8C9E" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">75. Hypandrium: (0) lacking rounded spinuli, (1) with rounded spinuli.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664CAFD612A698D5B" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">76. Supra-antennal setae of hypocerines: (0) present, (1) absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664CAFCA72A4E8D24" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">77. Male sternites within hypocerines: (0) absent, (1) present.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664CAFCEA2AD18DE1" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">78. Phallus shape in hypocerines: (0) rounded, (1) greatly elongate.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664CAFC292A7D8DA3" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">79. Sternite 7 of female: (0) short, (1) posteriorly extended.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664CAFC6C29A38D8D" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" box="[144,752,993,1015]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">80. Male antenna: (0) rounded, (1) elongate conical.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664CAFB8D2A178A4E" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">81. Hypandrium with rounded apical lobe: (0) absent, (1) present.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664CAFBB02A358A0B" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">82. Tip of surstyli: (0) lacking peg-like setae, (1) bearing peg-like setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664CAFBF72AD68AD5" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">83. Right hypandrial lobe: (0) subequal to left, (1) greatly enlarged.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664CAFB352A4E8A91" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">84. Frons with strong dorsal ridge: (0) absent, (1) present.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664CAFB7929A48B70" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" box="[144,759,1268,1291]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">85. Number of scutellar setae: (0) four, (1) six or more.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664CAFA9E29C58B53" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" box="[144,662,1299,1321]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">86. Female limuloid: (0) absent, (1) present.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664CAFABF2AF98B1C" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">87. Female proboscis in hypocerines: (0) relatively small, (2) greatly elongate.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664CAFAE22A4E8BB8" blockId="55.[144,759,198,1474]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">88. Hind tibia in hypocerines: (0) lacking strong anteroapical seta, (1) with strong anteroapical seta present.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36B5BD77295664F2FA572AA08836" blockId="55.[144,759,1498,1612]" pageId="55" pageNumber="479">These characters give additional resolution to the tree and, in some cases, additional robustness to the hypotheses of monophyly of clades within the metopinines and the phorines.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |