276 lines
32 KiB
XML
276 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0ED4194D5F01AB78789B6638749993AB">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8EB513BFEFFD3A1A2B1580F71262DD8C">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C7DF8F124E134513801CFC6C8E71BB9E" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="97F9E1A5E30D51CB1AA0AC129E3F6F7B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B3BE6112D1AE4254439A1CD7DF73EECD">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4CD246E32AA10A80FE3877DFF48F0316" type="email">nava.santiago@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="206895013DA4F72AF73DC3C687C0B81E">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9FA79898941A49B4D4C57492388C71E1" type="email">robbinsrg@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="E3057A97DD9B424A6EBEFD3F867AC12E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EF5DF898B237B8A3631CEED70215F983">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8882D35DD90395D161C6EB5EBDE69AF1">2023-03-07</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03966A560F5BC75BBABF8E2BB4D9F83F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7736937" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449660" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7736937" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F5BC75BBABF8E2BB4D9F83F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F5BC75BBABF8E2BB4D9F83F" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F5BC75BBABF8E2BB702FAFF" box="[151,620,1305,1332]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F5BC75BBABF8E2BB702FAFF" blockId="48.[151,1437,1305,2035]" box="[151,620,1305,1332]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBABF8E2BB5D5FAFF" bold="true" box="[151,187,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">55.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBAEB8E2BB706FAFF" ID-CoL="5TZKN" ID-ENA="1274520" authority="Koch, 1844 a" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[195,616,1305,1332]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvolum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBAEB8E2BB4A7FAF8" bold="true" box="[195,457,1305,1332]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma helvolum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBBFB8E2BB706FAFF" author="Koch, C. L." box="[467,616,1305,1331]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref219297" refString="Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht ¸ ber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv f ¸ r Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560" type="journal article" year="1844">Koch, 1844a</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F5BC75BB85C8E2BB186FA50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F5BC75BB85C8E2BB186FA50" blockId="48.[151,1437,1305,2035]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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Australasian: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BB91A8E2BB6F1FAFF" box="[818,927,1305,1331]" name="Indonesia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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(east of Wallace´s Line); Oriental: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBF718E2BB0F2FAFF" box="[1369,1436,1305,1331]" name="China" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">China</collectingCountry>
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(south), 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBB3C8E0EB43EFA9A" box="[276,336,1340,1366]" name="India" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">India</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBB528E0EB489FA9A" box="[378,487,1340,1366]" name="Indonesia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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(west of Wallace’s Line), 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BB9078E0FB606FA9B" box="[815,872,1341,1367]" name="Laos" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Laos</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BB9BA8E0EB695FA9A" box="[914,1019,1340,1366]" name="Malaysia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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, 6)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBE0E8E0EB1C9FA9A" box="[1062,1191,1340,1366]" name="Philippines" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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, 7)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBEF98E0EB02BFA9A" box="[1233,1349,1340,1366]" name="Singapore" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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, 8)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBF588E0EB5A6FAB6" name="Taiwan" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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, 9)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBADD8E6DB435FAB5" box="[245,347,1375,1401]" name="Thailand" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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, 10)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBBBF8E6DB498FAB5" box="[407,502,1375,1401]" name="Vietnam" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB8208E6DB7F2FAB6" author="Kohls, G. M." box="[520,668,1375,1402]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref219699" refString="Kohls, G. M. (1950 b) Ticks (Ixodoidea) of The Philippines. National Institute of Health Bulletin, (192), 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1950">Kohls 1950b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB8818E6DB79EFAB6" author="Kohls, G. M." box="[681,752,1375,1402]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="65 - 94" refId="ref220087" refString="Kohls, G. M. (1957 c) Malaysian parasites - XVIII Ticks (Ixodoidea) of Borneo and Malaya. Studies from the Institute for Medical Research, Federation of Malaya, (28) 65 - 94." type="journal article" year="1957">
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1957
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB8CC8E6DB79EFAB6" author="Morel, P. C." box="[740,752,1375,1402]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref232064" refString="Morel, P. C. (1969) Contribution a la connaissance de la distribution des tiques (Acariens, Ixodidae et Amblyommidae) en Afrique ethiopienne continentale. These de Doctorat en Sciences Naturelles. Universite de Paris, 398 pp." type="book" year="1969">c</bibRefCitation>
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</bibRefCitation>
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, Wilson 1969,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB9B58E6DB112FAB5" author="Tanskul, P. & Stark, H. E. & Inlao, I." box="[925,1148,1375,1401]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="330 - 341" refId="ref257052" refString="Tanskul, P., Stark, H. E. & Inlao, I. (1983) A checklist of ticks of Thailand (Acari: Metastigmata: Ixodoidea). Journal of Medical Entomology, 20, 330 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 20.3.330" type="journal article" year="1983">
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Tanskul
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BB9D68E52B157FAB5" box="[1022,1081,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
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1983
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBEA18E6DB05CFAB6" author="Keirans, J. E." box="[1161,1330,1375,1402]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 1785" refId="ref214582" refString="Keirans, J. E. (1985 b) George Henry Falkiner Nuttall and the Nuttall tick catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication, (1438), 1 - 1785. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65326" type="journal article" year="1985">Keirans 1985b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBF178E6DB5BCFA51" author="Robbins, R. G." pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="245 - 253" refId="ref246477" refString="Robbins, R. G. (2005) The ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of Taiwan: a synonymic checklist. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 107, 245 - 253." type="journal article" year="2005">Robbins 2005</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBAF58EB0B4DCFA50" author="Durden, L. A. & Merker, S. & Beati, L." box="[221,434,1410,1436]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="85 - 110" refId="ref189743" refString="Durden, L. A., Merker, S. & Beati, L. (2008) The tick fauna of Sulawesi, Indonesia (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae and Ixodidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 45, 85 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 008 - 9144 - z" type="journal article" year="2008">
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Durden
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBB108EB1B41EFA50" box="[312,368,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBB958EB0B735FA50" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[445,603,1410,1436]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin 2009</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB84D8EB0B6EDFA50" author="Vongphayloth, K. & Brey, P. T. & Robbins, R. G. & Sutherland, I. W." box="[613,899,1410,1436]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="166 - 180" refId="ref262367" refString="Vongphayloth, K., Brey, P. T., Robbins, R. G. & Sutherland, I. W. (2016) First survey of the hard tick (Acari: Ixodidae) fauna of Nakai District, Khammouane Province, Laos, and an updated checklist of the ticks of Laos. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 21, 166 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 21.2.2" type="journal article" year="2016">
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Vongphayloth
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BB9218EB1B62FFA50" box="[777,833,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB9A68EB0B135FA50" author="Petney, T. N. & Saijuntha, W. & Boulanger, N. & Chitimia-Dobler, L. & Pfeffer, M. & Eamudomkarn, C. & Andrews, R. H. & Ahamad, M. & Putthasorn, N. & Muders, S. V. & Petney, D. A. & Robbins, R. G." box="[910,1115,1410,1436]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 89" refId="ref243024" refString="Petney, T. N., Saijuntha, W., Boulanger, N., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Pfeffer, M., Eamudomkarn, C., Andrews, R. H., Ahamad, M., Putthasorn, N., Muders, S. V., Petney, D. A. & Robbins, R. G. (2019) Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4558, 1 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4558.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
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Petney
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BB9C98EB1B174FA50" box="[993,1050,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBE4E8EB0B1B2FA50" author="Kim, S. Y. & Kim, T. K. & Kim, T. Y. & Lee, H. I." box="[1126,1244,1410,1436]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref218284" refString="Kim, S. Y., Kim, T. K., Kim, T. Y. & Lee, H. I. (2020) Geographical distribution of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks collected from wild rodents in the Republic of Korea. Pathogens, 9 (11) (article 866), 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / pathogens 9110866" type="journal article" year="2020">Kim 2020</bibRefCitation>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F5BC75BBAEF8E97B4D9F83F" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F5BC75BBAEF8E97B46BF9C9" blockId="48.[151,1437,1305,2035]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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||
Several records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBBB78E97B7F4FA73" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[415,666,1445,1471]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvolum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBBB78E97B7F4FA73" box="[415,666,1445,1471]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma helvolum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been published under seven names listed as synonyms of this tick in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBACE8EFAB741FA2E" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Nava, S." box="[230,559,1480,1506]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref198957" refString="Guglielmone, A. A. & Nava, S. (2014) Names for Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): valid, synonyms, incertae sedis, nomina dubia, nomina nuda, lapsus, incorrect and suppressed names - with notes on confusions and misidentifications. Zootaxa, 3767, 1 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3767.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Guglielmone & Nava (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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<collectingRegion id="49FB15A20F5BC75BB8128EFAB70CFA2E" box="[570,610,1480,1506]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">See</collectingRegion>
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||
also
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BB8B78EFAB6C1FA2E" baseAuthorityName="Guglielmone & Nava" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[671,943,1480,1506]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BB8B78EFAB6C1FA2E" box="[671,943,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma fimbriatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for its alleged synonymy with
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBF388EFAB46BF9C9" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBF388EFAB46FF9C9" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvolum">Amblyomma helvolum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F5BC75BBAEF8D3CB708F8D0" blockId="48.[151,1437,1305,2035]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBAEF8D3CB461F9E4" box="[199,271,1550,1576]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="48" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian</taxonomicName>
|
||
records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBBBA8D3CB7E3F9E4" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[402,653,1550,1576]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvolum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBBBA8D3CB7E3F9E4" box="[402,653,1550,1576]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma helvolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refer to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BB9338D3CB6A1F9E4" box="[795,975,1550,1576]" name="India" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which are closer to Southeast Asia than to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBAF68D02B448F986" box="[222,294,1584,1610]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="48" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian</taxonomicName>
|
||
subcontinent. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBBD48D02B72AF986" box="[508,580,1584,1610]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="48" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian</taxonomicName>
|
||
record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BB8908D02B6DCF986" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[696,946,1584,1610]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvolum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BB8908D02B6DCF986" box="[696,946,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma helvolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FB15A20F5BC75BB9DE8D03B1EDF986" box="[1014,1155,1584,1611]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBE808D02B0ECF987" author="Ghosh, H. S. & Sanyal, A. K. & Misra, K. K." box="[1192,1410,1584,1611]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="75 - 89" refId="ref197370" refString="Ghosh, H. S., Sanyal, A. K. & Misra, K. K. (2018) Studies on the surface ultrastructure of a snake tick, Amblyomma helvolum (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3, 75 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.31248 / JASVM 2018.099" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Ghosh
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBED08D03B05FF986" box="[1272,1329,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is considered doubtful in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBBB48D61B7ADF9A2" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Petney, T. N. & Robbins, R. G." box="[412,707,1619,1646]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 322" refId="ref199904" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Petney, T. N. & Robbins, R. G. (2020) Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019. Zootaxa, 4871, 1 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4871.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Guglielmone
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BB81D8D66B700F9A1" box="[565,622,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and other records from that territory are from hosts in captivity; therefore,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FB15A20F5BC75BBB218D45B4F8F95C" box="[265,406,1654,1681]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
||
is not included within the range of this tick. A southern Chinese record is in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBEC08D44B0F6F95D" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[1256,1432,1654,1681]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who referenced specimens unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BB83B8DABB71FF97F" baseAuthorityName="Keirans" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[531,625,1689,1715]" genus="The" pageId="48" pageNumber="274" rank="species" species="ticks">the ticks</taxonomicName>
|
||
used by Teng (1981) to describe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BB9CC8DABB199F97F" authorityName="Teng" authorityYear="1981" box="[996,1271,1689,1715]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hainanense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BB9CC8DABB199F97F" box="[996,1271,1689,1715]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma hainanense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBABF8D8EB4FCF91A" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,402,1724,1750]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvolum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBABF8D8EB4FCF91A" box="[151,402,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma helvolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the opinion of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB8778D8EB660F91A" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[607,782,1724,1750]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and others.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB9B18D8EB152F91A" author="Kwak, M. L." box="[921,1084,1724,1750]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="263 - 267" refId="ref222397" refString="Kwak, M. L. (2018 c) Ticks in the Lion City: a preliminary review of the tick fauna of Singapore. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 76, 263 - 267. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 018 - 0305 - 4" type="journal article" year="2018">Kwak (2018c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBF638D8EB427F935" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvolum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBF638D8EB427F935" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma helvolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBB428DEDB4B2F935" box="[362,476,1759,1785]" name="Singapore" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
as unsubstantiated, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB8CC8DEDB6EAF936" author="Kohls, G. M." box="[740,900,1759,1786]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="65 - 94" refId="ref220087" refString="Kohls, G. M. (1957 c) Malaysian parasites - XVIII Ticks (Ixodoidea) of Borneo and Malaya. Studies from the Institute for Medical Research, Federation of Malaya, (28) 65 - 94." type="journal article" year="1957">Kohls (1957c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collected this tick in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBE478DEDB18DF935" box="[1135,1251,1759,1785]" name="Singapore" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBF348DEDB58CF8D0" author="Kwak, M. L. & Neves, E. S. & Borthwick, S. A. & Smith, G. J. & Meier, R. & Mendenhall, I. H." pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref222962" refString="Kwak, M. L., Neves, E. S., Borthwick, S. A., Smith, G. J., Meier, R. & Mendenhall, I. H. (2021) Habitat impacts the abundance and network structure within tick (Acari: Ixodidae) communities on tropical small mammals. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (article 101654), 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2021.101654" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Kwak
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBF4D8DD2B0F3F935" box="[1381,1437,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
later confirmed its presence there.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F5BC75BBAEF8C17B4D9F83F" blockId="48.[151,1437,1305,2035]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBAEF8C17B41AF8F3" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[199,372,1829,1855]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBB828C17B730F8F3" author="Burridge, M. J." box="[426,606,1829,1855]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref178986" refString="Burridge, M. J. (2011) Non-Native and Invasive Ticks. Threats to Human and Animal Health in the United States. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 448 pp." type="book" year="2011">Burridge (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BB9398C17B164F8F3" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[785,1034,1829,1855]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvolum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BB9398C17B164F8F3" box="[785,1034,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma helvolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBEF48C17B023F8F3" box="[1244,1357,1829,1855]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but its presence there is not recognized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB8008C7BB602F8A8" author="Liyanaarachchi, D. & Rajakaruna, R. S. & Dikkumbura, A. W. & Rajapakse, R. P. V. J." box="[552,876,1865,1892]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="64 - 70" refId="ref225971" refString="Liyanaarachchi, D., Rajakaruna, R. S., Dikkumbura, A. W. & Rajapakse, R. P. V. J. (2015 a) Ticks infesting wild and domestic animals and humans of Sri Lanka with new host records. Acta Tropica, 142, 64 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. actatropica. 2014.11.001" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Liyanaarachchi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BB8F48C78B67AF8AF" box="[732,788,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b), and the Sri Lankan records of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBEC78C7BB0F2F8AF" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[1263,1436,1865,1891]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBAEE8C5FB417F84B" author="Burridge, M. J." box="[198,377,1901,1927]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref178986" refString="Burridge, M. J. (2011) Non-Native and Invasive Ticks. Threats to Human and Animal Health in the United States. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 448 pp." type="book" year="2011">Burridge (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
require confirmation.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB85A8C5FB604F84B" author="Simmons, L. A. & Stadler, C. K. & Burridge, M. J." box="[626,874,1901,1927]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="45 - 48" refId="ref254575" refString="Simmons, L. A., Stadler, C. K. & Burridge, M. J. (2002) Introduction of the exotic tick Amblyomma helvolum Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) into the United States on imported cobras (Squamata: Elapidae). International Journal of Acarology, 28, 45 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647950208684279" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Simmons
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BB8CA8C5CB677F84B" box="[738,793,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB9B68C5FB13CF84B" author="Burridge, M. J." box="[926,1106,1901,1927]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref178986" refString="Burridge, M. J. (2011) Non-Native and Invasive Ticks. Threats to Human and Animal Health in the United States. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 448 pp." type="book" year="2011">Burridge (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBE958C5FB04AF84B" box="[1213,1316,1901,1927]" name="Australia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBF708C5CB44AF867" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
within the geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BB8E18CA3B6ACF867" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[713,962,1937,1963]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvolum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BB8E18CA3B6ACF867" box="[713,962,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma helvolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but there are no confirmed records of this tick from those countries. Consequently,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BB84D8C87B7B9F803" box="[613,727,1973,1999]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BB8C98C87B626F803" box="[737,840,1973,1999]" name="Australia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BB9578C84B136F803" box="[895,1112,1973,2000]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
are excluded from the range of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBA9E8CEBB4D9F83F" box="[182,439,2009,2035]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBA9E8CEBB4DCF83F" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[182,434,2009,2035]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvolum">Amblyomma helvolum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |