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<mods:title id="098D35763216863164856983F674ECD5">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03966A560F55C755BABF8FB5B6E1F9E1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7736985" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449576" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7736985" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F55C755BABF8FB5B6E1F9E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F55C755BABF8FB5B6E1F9E1" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F55C755BABF8FB5B719FB6D" box="[151,631,1158,1185]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F55C755BABF8FB5B719FB6D" blockId="62.[151,1437,1158,1581]" box="[151,631,1158,1185]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755BABF8FB5B5A6FB6D" bold="true" box="[151,200,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">120.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F55C755BAF98FB4B71DFB6D" ID-CoL="CMJH" ID-ENA="2925308" authority="Koch, 1844 a" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[209,627,1158,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755BAF98FB4B4BDFB6D" bold="true" box="[209,467,1158,1185]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Amblyomma tenellum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F55C755BBF58FB5B71DFB6D" author="Koch, C. L." box="[477,627,1159,1185]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref219297" refString="Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht ¸ ber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv f ¸ r Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560" type="journal article" year="1844">Koch, 1844a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F55C755B8A98FB5B7DAFAC1" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F55C755B8A98FB5B7DAFAC1" blockId="62.[151,1437,1158,1581]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
Nearctic: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F55C755B93C8FB5B604FB6D" box="[788,874,1159,1185]" name="Mexico" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(north), 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F55C755B9DC8FB5B15EFB6D" box="[1012,1072,1159,1185]" name="United States of America" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">USA</collectingCountry>
; Neotropical: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F55C755BEDE8FB5B018FB6D" box="[1270,1398,1159,1185]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F55C755BABF8F99B47DFB09" box="[151,275,1195,1221]" name="Guatemala" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
, 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F55C755BB158F99B4C3FB09" box="[317,429,1195,1221]" name="Honduras" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Honduras</collectingCountry>
, 4)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F55C755BBFF8F99B743FB09" box="[471,557,1195,1221]" name="Mexico" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(south); 5)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F55C755B8998F99B64AFB09" box="[689,804,1195,1221]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F55C755B91B8F99B68CFB09" author="Becklund, W. W." box="[819,994,1194,1221]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="430" refId="ref176413" refString="Becklund, W. W. (1959) A note on the distribution of the tick Amblyomma imitator Kohls, 1958. Journal of Parasitology, 45, 430. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3274394" type="journal article" year="1959">Becklund 1959</bibRefCitation>
, Instituto Intermaericano para la Cooperación en Agricultura 1988,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F55C755BBF48FFDB7DBFB25" author="Alvarez, V. C. &amp; Hernandez, V. F. &amp; Hernandez, J. G." box="[476,693,1230,1257]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="81 - 88" refId="ref168612" refString="Alvarez, V. C., Hernandez, V. F. &amp; Hernandez, J. G. (2005) Catalogo de garrapatas suaves (Acari: Argasidae) y duras (Acari: Ixodidae) de Costa Rica. Brenesia, 63 - 64, 81 - 88." type="journal article" year="2005">
Alvarez
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755B8148FFDB71AFB25" box="[572,628,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F55C755B8E88FFDB16CFB25" author="Guzman-Cornejo, C. &amp; Robbins, R. G. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Montiel-Parra, G. &amp; Perez, T. M." box="[704,1026,1231,1257]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="16 - 38" refId="ref200528" refString="Guzman-Cornejo, C., Robbins, R. G., Guglielmone, A. A., Montiel-Parra, G. &amp; Perez, T. M. (2011) The Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of Mexico: identification keys, distribution and hosts. Zootaxa, 2998, 16 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2998.1.2" type="journal article" year="2011">
Guzmán-Cornejo
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755B9A18FFDB6ACFB25" box="[905,962,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F55C755BE258FFDB1BBFB25" author="Nava, S. &amp; Beati, L. &amp; Dunlop, J. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A." box="[1037,1237,1231,1257]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="620 - 624" refId="ref234741" refString="Nava, S., Beati, L., Dunlop, J. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A. (2014 c) Reestablishment of Amblyomma tenellum Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae). Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 5, 620 - 624. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2014.04.012" type="journal article" year="2014">
Nava
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755BE678FFDB1E9FB25" box="[1103,1159,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
2014
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F55C755BEE18FFDB1BBFB25" author="Kim, H. C. &amp; Chong, S. T. &amp; Choi, C. Y. &amp; Nam, H. Y. &amp; Chae, H. Y. &amp; Lee, H. &amp; Klein, T. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G. &amp; Chae, J. S." box="[1225,1237,1231,1257]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="596 - 606" refId="ref217990" refString="Kim, H. C., Chong, S. T., Choi, C. Y., Nam, H. Y., Chae, H. Y., Lee, H., Klein, T. A., Robbins, R. G. &amp; Chae, J. S. (2016) Tick surveillance, including new records for three Haemaphysalis species (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from migratory birds during 2009 on Hong Island (Hong-do), Republic of Korea. Systematic &amp; Applied Acarology, 21, 596 - 606. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 21.5.4" type="journal article" year="2016">c</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Corn
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755BF378FFDB039FB25" box="[1311,1367,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
2016, Ḑttmann
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755BB268FC1B428FAC1" box="[270,326,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
2016,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F55C755BBBB8FC1B7C9FAC1" author="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Nava, S. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[403,679,1267,1293]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref199969" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Nava, S. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2021) Neotropical hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). A critical analysis of their taxonomy, distribution, and host relationships. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, 486 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 030 - 72353 - 8" type="book" year="2021">
Guglielmone
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755B8048FC1B70BFAC1" box="[556,613,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F55C755BAEF8E25B6E1F9E1" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F55C755BAEF8E25B598FA0C" blockId="62.[151,1437,1158,1581]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F55C755BAEF8E25B4D5FAFD" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[199,443,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755BAEF8E25B4D5FAFD" box="[199,443,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Amblyomma tenellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was long treated as a synonym of
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755B96C8E25B132FAFC" box="[836,1116,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F55C755B96C8E25B139FAFC" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[836,1111,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cajennense">Amblyomma cajennense</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This changed when
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F55C755BF6D8E25B47CFA99" author="Nava, S. &amp; Beati, L. &amp; Dunlop, J. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="620 - 624" refId="ref234741" refString="Nava, S., Beati, L., Dunlop, J. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A. (2014 c) Reestablishment of Amblyomma tenellum Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae). Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 5, 620 - 624. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2014.04.012" type="journal article" year="2014">
Nava
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755BFA08E25B5DAFA99" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
(2014c)
</bibRefCitation>
compared the
<typeStatus id="548465E20F55C755BB9F8E09B49CFA99" box="[439,498,1339,1365]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">types</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F55C755B8308E09B664FA99" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[536,778,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755B8308E09B664FA99" box="[536,778,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Amblyomma tenellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F55C755B9698E09B140FA98" box="[833,1070,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755B9698E09B140FA98" box="[833,1070,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Amblyomma imitator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F55C755BEF98E09B006FA99" author="Kohls, G. M." box="[1233,1384,1338,1365]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="430 - 433" refId="ref220129" refString="Kohls, G. M. (1958) Amblyomma imitator, a new species of tick from Texas and Mexico, and remarks on the synonymy of A. cajennense (Fabricius) (Acarina - Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 44, 430 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3274329" type="journal article" year="1958">Kohls (1958)</bibRefCitation>
, and found them to be identical. Therefore,
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F55C755B86E8E6DB656FAB5" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[582,824,1375,1401]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755B86E8E6DB656FAB5" box="[582,824,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Amblyomma tenellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reinstated as a valid species and
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F55C755BEF48E6DB5A3FA50" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755BEF48E6DB5A3FA50" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Amblyomma imitator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
became its synonym. Most records of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F55C755B8538EB1B600FA51" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[635,878,1411,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755B8538EB1B600FA51" box="[635,878,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Amblyomma tenellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been published under the name
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755BF388EB1B598FA0C" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F55C755BF388EB1B59CFA0C" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">Amblyomma imitator</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F55C755BAEF8EF9B6E1F9E1" blockId="62.[151,1437,1158,1581]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F55C755BAEF8EF9B769FA29" author="Serra-Freire, N. &amp; Mello, R. P." box="[199,519,1483,1509]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref253569" refString="Serra-Freire, N. M, &amp; Mello, R. P. (2006) Entomologia e acarologia na medicina veterinaria. L. F. Livros, Rio de Janeiro, 199 pp." type="book" year="2006">Serra-Freire &amp; Mello (2006)</bibRefCitation>
stated that
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F55C755B8AF8EF9B614FA29" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[647,890,1483,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755B8AF8EF9B614FA29" box="[647,890,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Amblyomma tenellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(under the name
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F55C755BE168EF9B045FA28" box="[1086,1323,1483,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755BE168EF9B045FA28" box="[1086,1323,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Amblyomma imitator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) has been found in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F55C755BAD58EDDB42BF9C5" box="[253,325,1519,1545]" name="Brazil" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. However, this statement was considered unconfirmed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F55C755B9F98EDDB06DF9C5" author="Dantas-Torres, F. &amp; Onofrio, V. C. &amp; Barros-Battesti, D. M." box="[977,1283,1519,1545]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="30 - 46" refId="ref186443" refString="Dantas-Torres, F., Onofrio, V. C. &amp; Barros-Battesti, D. M. (2009) The ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of Brazil. Systematic &amp; Applied Acarology, 14, 30 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 14.1.4" type="journal article" year="2009">
Dantas-Torres
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755BE5E8EDDB1C1F9C5" box="[1142,1199,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F55C755BF168EDDB0ECF9C5" box="[1342,1410,1519,1545]" name="Brazil" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Brazil</collectingCountry>
is excluded from the geographic distribution of
<emphasis id="B94B07520F55C755B8BC8D21B6E1F9E1" box="[660,911,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F55C755B8BC8D21B6E5F9E1" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[660,907,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellum">Amblyomma tenellum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>