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<mods:title id="324C5A62CB263D16502B92B924EE0CF0">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="907881F8B676821CA998908B39ED9960">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9D1A0457EBCAC68D38D69068C60883A8">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03966A560F4DC74DBABF8FC1B4D0F99C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7717605" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449621" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7717605" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F4DC74DBABF8FC1B4D0F99C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F4DC74DBABF8FC1B4D0F99C" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F4DC74DBABF8FC1B7C5FAC1" blockId="38.[151,1437,1266,1617]" box="[151,683,1266,1293]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="D0C86C2C0F4DC74DBABF8FC1B7C5FAC1" box="[151,683,1266,1293]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBABF8FC1B5C2FAC1" bold="true" box="[151,172,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4DC74DBA9A8FC0B7C9FAC1" ID-CoL="5TZZX" ID-ENA="6943" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[178,679,1266,1293]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBA9A8FC0B4B3FAC1" bold="true" box="[178,477,1266,1293]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Amblyomma americanum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DBBC48FC1B7F1FAC1" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[492,671,1266,1293]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref225914" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae, 1, 823 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F4DC74DB89A8FC1B123FAC1" box="[690,1101,1267,1293]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F4DC74DB89A8FC1B123FAC1" blockId="38.[151,1437,1266,1617]" box="[690,1101,1267,1293]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="D0C86C2C0F4DC74DB89A8FC1B123FAC1" box="[690,1101,1267,1293]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="5">
Nearctic: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DB9168FC1B61AFAC1" box="[830,884,1267,1293]" name="United States of America" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DB9AB8FC1B12FFAC1" author="Lado, P. &amp; Smith, M. L. &amp; Carstens, B. C. &amp; Klompen, H." box="[899,1089,1267,1293]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="2810 - 2823" refId="ref224195" refString="Lado, P., Smith, M. L., Carstens, B. C. &amp; Klompen, H. (2020) Population genetic structure and demographic history of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae): New evidence supporting old records. Molecular Ecology, 29, 2810 - 2823. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / mec. 15524" type="journal article" year="2020">
Lado
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DB9ED8FC1B693FAC1" box="[965,1021,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F4DC74DBAEF8E25B4D0F99C" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F4DC74DBAEF8E25B4D0F99C" blockId="38.[151,1437,1266,1617]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Although
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DBB118E25B745FAFD" author="Camicas, J. L. &amp; Hervy, J. P. &amp; Adam, F. &amp; Morel, P. C." box="[313,555,1303,1329]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref179770" refString="Camicas, J. L., Hervy, J. P., Adam, F. &amp; Morel, P. C. (1998) Les tiques du monde. Nomenclature, stades decrits, hotes, repartition (Acarida, Ixodida). Orstom, Paris, 233 pp." type="book" year="1998">
Camicas
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBB898E25B4B7FAFD" box="[417,473,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
treated
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4DC74DB8AF8E25B6C8FAFC" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[647,934,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DB8AF8E25B6C8FAFC" box="[647,934,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Amblyomma americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a Nearctic and Neotropical species,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DBF4B8E25B4EBFA99" author="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Keirans J. E. &amp; Robbins, R. G." pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref199234" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Estrada-Pena, A., Keirans J. E. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2003) Ticks (Acari: Ixodida) of the Neotropical Zoogeographic Region. Special Publication of the Integrated Consortium on Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases- 2, Atalanta, Houten, The Netherlands, 173 pp." type="book" year="2003">
Guglielmone
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBB298E09B454FA99" box="[257,314,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
(2003
</bibRefCitation>
, 2014, 2021) listed and discussed several records of this tick from Neotropical countries and a few from other zoogeographic regions, including
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DB8F48E6DB649FAB5" box="[732,807,1375,1401]" name="Russia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Russia</collectingCountry>
(Palearctic), arguing that
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4DC74DBE668E6DB003FAB4" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1102,1389,1375,1401]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBE668E6DB003FAB4" box="[1102,1389,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Amblyomma americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a Nearctic species. However,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DBBFA8EB1B7BFFA51" author="Lindquist, E. E. &amp; Galloway, T. D. &amp; Artsob, H. &amp; Lindsay, L. R. &amp; Drebot, M. &amp; Wood, H. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[466,721,1411,1437]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref225829" refString="Lindquist, E. E., Galloway, T. D., Artsob, H., Lindsay, L. R., Drebot, M., Wood, H. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2016) A Handbook to the Ticks of Canada (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Argasidae). Biological Survey of Canada Monograph Series, No. 7, 1 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / 9780968932186" type="book chapter" year="2016">
Lindquist
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DB86D8EB1B710FA51" box="[581,638,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
analyzed the several records of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4DC74DBE168EB1B030FA50" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1086,1374,1411,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBE168EB1B030FA50" box="[1086,1374,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Amblyomma americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DBABF8E95B580FA0D" box="[151,238,1447,1473]" name="Canada" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Canada</collectingCountry>
, concluding that there are no stable populations of this tick in that country. There are also several records of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4DC74DBABF8EF9B4D8FA28" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,438,1483,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBABF8EF9B4D8FA28" box="[151,438,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Amblyomma americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from northern
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DB8488EF9B7D6FA29" box="[608,696,1483,1509]" name="Mexico" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, but there is no evidence that natural, permanent populations exist in that country.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4DC74DBB6E8EDDB703F9C5" author="Garcia-Rejon, J. E. &amp; Tzuc-Dzul, J. C. &amp; Cetina-Trejo, R. &amp; Madera-Navarrete, M. I. &amp; Cigarroa-Toledo, N. &amp; Chan-Perez, J. I. &amp; Pacheco, A. &amp; Torres-Chable, O. &amp; Pietri, J. E. &amp; Baak-Baak, C. M." box="[326,621,1519,1545]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="647 - 658" refId="ref196671" refString="Garcia-Rejon, J. E., Tzuc-Dzul, J. C., Cetina-Trejo, R., Madera-Navarrete, M. I., Cigarroa-Toledo, N., Chan-Perez, J. I., Ortega- Pacheco, A., Torres-Chable, O., Pietri, J. E. &amp; Baak-Baak, C. M. (2021) Identification of parasitic arthropods collected from domestic and wild animals in Yucatan, Mexico. Annals of Parasitology, 67, 647 - 658." type="journal article" year="2021">
García-Rejón
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBBCC8EDDB772F9C5" box="[484,540,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
reported specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DB9B88EDDB688F9C5" box="[912,998,1519,1545]" name="Mexico" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(south) but this species presence there needs verification. Consequently,
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DB83C8D21B705F9E1" box="[532,619,1555,1581]" name="Canada" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DB85E8D21B7A2F9E1" box="[630,716,1555,1581]" name="Mexico" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(north) and
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4DC74DB9708D21B6C0F9E1" box="[856,942,1555,1581]" name="Mexico" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(south) are not included within the range of
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4DC74DBABF8D05B4D0F99C" box="[151,446,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4DC74DBABF8D05B4D4F99C" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,442,1591,1617]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanum">Amblyomma americanum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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