treatments-xml/data/03/96/6A/03966A560F33C733BABF8BA5B06CFDF1.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

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<mods:title id="C656163FB59AF6E25B192EEFD2E52D74">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F33C733BABF8BA5B7C4FF7D" blockId="88.[151,1437,150,573]" box="[151,682,150,177]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F33C733BABF8BA5B5D4FF7D" bold="true" box="[151,186,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">73.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F33C733BAEA8BA4B7C8FF7D" authority="Warburton, 1908" authorityName="Warburton" authorityYear="1908" box="[194,678,150,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F33C733BAEA8BA4B4B0FF7D" bold="true" box="[194,478,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Haemaphysalis japonica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F33C733BBCD8BA5B7C8FF7D" author="Warburton, C." box="[485,678,151,177]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="508 - 519" refId="ref263935" refString="Warburton, C. (1908) On some new and obscure species of the genus Haemaphysalis of the Ixodidae. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 14, 508 - 519." type="journal article" year="1908">Warburton, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F33C733B8998BA5B6FAFF35" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F33C733B8998BA5B6FAFF35" blockId="88.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
Palearctic: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F33C733B9668BA5B6FFFF7D" box="[846,913,151,177]" name="China" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">China</collectingCountry>
(north), 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F33C733BE3B8BA5B13DFF7D" box="[1043,1107,151,177]" name="Japan" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Japan</collectingCountry>
(except the Ryukyu Islands), 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F33C733BA9E8B89B42BFF19" box="[182,325,187,213]" name="North Korea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">North Korea</collectingCountry>
, 4)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F33C733BB478B89B4D3FF19" box="[367,445,187,213]" name="Russia" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Russia</collectingCountry>
, 5)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F33C733BBCE8B89B71CFF19" box="[486,626,187,213]" name="South Korea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">South Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F33C733B8A98B89B601FF19" author="Yamaguti, N. &amp; Tipton, V. J. &amp; Keegan, H. L. &amp; Toshioka, S." box="[641,879,187,213]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref265900" refString="Yamaguti, N., Tipton, V. J., Keegan, H. L. &amp; Toshioka, S. (1971) Ticks of Japan, Korea, and the Ryukyu Islands. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 15 (1), 1 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 25691" type="journal article" year="1971">
Yamaguti
<emphasis id="B94B07520F33C733B8DE8B89B640FF19" box="[758,814,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
1971
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F33C733B9538B89B146FF19" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[891,1064,187,213]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref194890" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1997) Ixodid ticks of the subfamily Amblyomminae. In: Fauna of Russia and neighbouring countries, 4 (5) Nauka, St. Petersburg, 436 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1997">Filippova 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F33C733BE1B8B89B1BFFF19" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[1075,1233,187,213]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin 2009</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F33C733BEF48B89B0F6FF19" author="Chen, Z. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Bu, F. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Liu, J." box="[1244,1432,187,213]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="393 - 404" refId="ref181677" refString="Chen, Z., Yang, X., Bu, F., Yang, X., Yang, X. &amp; Liu, J. (2010) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of China. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51, 393 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 010 - 9335 - 2" type="journal article" year="2010">
Chen
<emphasis id="B94B07520F33C733BF368B89B038FF19" box="[1310,1366,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F33C733BABF8BEDB438FF35" author="Kim, H. C. &amp; Han, S. H. &amp; Chong, S. T. &amp; Klein, T. A. &amp; Choi, C. Y. &amp; Nam, H. Y. &amp; Chae, H. Y. &amp; Lee, H. &amp; Ko, S. &amp; Kang, J. G. &amp; Chae, J. S." box="[151,342,223,249]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="331 - 335" refId="ref217790" refString="Kim, H. C., Han, S. H., Chong, S. T., Klein, T. A., Choi, C. Y., Nam, H. Y., Chae, H. Y., Lee, H., Ko, S., Kang, J. G. &amp; Chae, J. S. (2011 a) Ticks collected from selected mammalian hosts surveyed in the Republic of Korea during 2008 - 2009. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 49, 331 - 335. https: // doi. org / 10.3347 / kjp. 2011.49.3.331" type="journal article" year="2011">
Kim
<emphasis id="B94B07520F33C733BAF88BEDB466FF35" box="[208,264,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
2011
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F33C733BB618BEDB438FF35" author="Takano, A. &amp; Fujita, H. &amp; Kadosaka, T. &amp; Takahashi, M. &amp; Yamauchi, T. &amp; Ishiguro, F. &amp; Takada, N. &amp; Yano, Y. &amp; Oikawa, Y. &amp; Honda, T. &amp; Gokuden, M. &amp; Tsunoda, T. &amp; Tsurumi, M. &amp; Ando, S. &amp; Andoh, M. &amp; Sato, K. &amp; Kawabata, H." box="[329,342,223,249]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="13 - 21" refId="ref256701" refString="Takano, A., Fujita, H., Kadosaka, T., Takahashi, M., Yamauchi, T., Ishiguro, F., Takada, N., Yano, Y., Oikawa, Y., Honda, T., Gokuden, M., Tsunoda, T., Tsurumi, M., Ando, S., Andoh, M., Sato, K. &amp; Kawabata, H. (2014) Construction of a DNA database for ticks collected in Japan: application of molecular identification based on the mitochondrial 16 S rDNA gene. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 65, 13 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.7601 / mez. 65.13" type="journal article" year="2014">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Takano
<emphasis id="B94B07520F33C733BB918BEDB49FFF35" box="[441,497,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
2014,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F33C733B8158BEDB7BEFF35" author="Tsapko, N. V." box="[573,720,223,249]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="351 - 352" refId="ref260332" refString="Tsapko, N. V. (2020) A checklist of the ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Russia. Parazitologiya, 51, 351 - 352. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2020">Tsapko 2020</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F33C733B8F38BEDB6E9FF35" author="Seo, M. G. &amp; Noh, B. E. &amp; Lee, H. S. &amp; Kim, T. K. &amp; Song, B. G. &amp; Lee, H. I." box="[731,903,223,249]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref253410" refString="Seo, M. G., Noh, B. E., Lee, H. S., Kim, T. K., Song, B. G. &amp; Lee, H. I. (2021) Nationwide temporal and geographical distribution of tick populations and phylogenetic analysis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in ticks in Korea, 2020. Microorganisms, 9 (article 1630), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / microorganisms 9081630" type="journal article" year="2021">
Seo
<emphasis id="B94B07520F33C733B9248BEDB62AFF35" box="[780,836,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F33C733BAEF8A31B06CFDF1" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F33C733BAEF8A31B591FE8D" blockId="88.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
Several records of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F33C733BB8E8A31B7AEFED0" authorityName="Warburton" authorityYear="1908" box="[422,704,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F33C733BB8E8A31B7AEFED0" box="[422,704,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Haemaphysalis japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been published under the name
<emphasis id="B94B07520F33C733BEAB8A31B591FE8D" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F33C733BEAB8A31B595FE8D" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="japonica" subSpecies="douglasi">Haemaphysalis japonica douglasi</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F33C733BAEF8A79B176FEA9" blockId="88.[151,1437,150,573]" box="[199,1048,331,357]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
The presence of this tick in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F33C733BBD68A79B7E5FEA9" box="[510,651,331,357]" name="North Korea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">North Korea</collectingCountry>
is based on
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F33C733B93C8A79B17AFEA9" author="Yamaguti, N. &amp; Tipton, V. J. &amp; Keegan, H. L. &amp; Toshioka, S." box="[788,1044,331,357]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref265900" refString="Yamaguti, N., Tipton, V. J., Keegan, H. L. &amp; Toshioka, S. (1971) Ticks of Japan, Korea, and the Ryukyu Islands. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 15 (1), 1 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 25691" type="journal article" year="1971">
Yamaguti
<emphasis id="B94B07520F33C733B9AF8A79B6D1FEA9" box="[903,959,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
(1971)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F33C733BAEF8A5DB13CFE38" blockId="88.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F33C733BAEF8A5DB416FE45" author="Keirans, J. E." box="[199,376,366,393]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 1785" refId="ref214582" refString="Keirans, J. E. (1985 b) George Henry Falkiner Nuttall and the Nuttall tick catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication, (1438), 1 - 1785. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65326" type="journal article" year="1985">Keirans (1985b</bibRefCitation>
, page 1404) recorded a male of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F33C733B8CE8A5DB693FE44" authorityName="Warburton" authorityYear="1908" box="[742,1021,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F33C733B8CE8A5DB693FE44" box="[742,1021,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Haemaphysalis japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
allegedly collected in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F33C733BED68A5DB003FE45" box="[1278,1389,367,393]" name="Myanmar" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, but this appears to be a typographical error because the specimen was apparently sent by a person working in Africa.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F33C733BABF8A85B48EFE1D" author="Krishnamoorthy, P. &amp; Sudhagar, S. &amp; Goudar, A. L. &amp; Jacob, S. S. &amp; Suresh, K. P." box="[151,480,439,465]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref221865" refString="Krishnamoorthy, P., Sudhagar, S., Goudar, A. L., Jacob, S. S. &amp; Suresh, K. P. (2021) Molecular survey and phylogenetic analysis of tick-borne pathogens in ticks infesting cattle from two South Indian states. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 25 (article 100595), 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. vprsr. 2021.100595" type="journal article" year="2021">
Krishnamoorthy
<emphasis id="B94B07520F33C733BB7E8A85B4E0FE1D" box="[342,398,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
recorded this tick in southern
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F33C733B91D8A85B61FFE1D" box="[821,881,439,465]" name="India" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">India</collectingCountry>
, a record that requires verification.
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F33C733BF288A85B003FE1D" box="[1280,1389,439,465]" name="Myanmar" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F33C733BABF8AE9B5BFFE39" box="[151,209,475,501]" name="India" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">India</collectingCountry>
are not included within the geographic distribution of
<emphasis id="B94B07520F33C733B91D8AE9B13CFE38" box="[821,1106,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F33C733B91D8AE9B120FE38" authorityName="Warburton" authorityYear="1908" box="[821,1102,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Haemaphysalis japonica</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F33C733BAEF8ACDB06CFDF1" blockId="88.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F33C733BAEF8ACDB4C7FDD5" author="Takano, A. &amp; Fujita, H. &amp; Kadosaka, T. &amp; Takahashi, M. &amp; Yamauchi, T. &amp; Ishiguro, F. &amp; Takada, N. &amp; Yano, Y. &amp; Oikawa, Y. &amp; Honda, T. &amp; Gokuden, M. &amp; Tsunoda, T. &amp; Tsurumi, M. &amp; Ando, S. &amp; Andoh, M. &amp; Sato, K. &amp; Kawabata, H." box="[199,425,511,537]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="13 - 21" refId="ref256701" refString="Takano, A., Fujita, H., Kadosaka, T., Takahashi, M., Yamauchi, T., Ishiguro, F., Takada, N., Yano, Y., Oikawa, Y., Honda, T., Gokuden, M., Tsunoda, T., Tsurumi, M., Ando, S., Andoh, M., Sato, K. &amp; Kawabata, H. (2014) Construction of a DNA database for ticks collected in Japan: application of molecular identification based on the mitochondrial 16 S rDNA gene. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 65, 13 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.7601 / mez. 65.13" type="journal article" year="2014">
Takano
<emphasis id="B94B07520F33C733BB088ACDB436FDD5" box="[288,344,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
found that sequences of the 16S rDNA gene from Japanese populations of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F33C733BED88ACDB447FDF0" authorityName="Saito" authorityYear="1969" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megaspinosa">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F33C733BED88ACDB447FDF0" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Haemaphysalis megaspinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F33C733BB488911B71BFDF0" authorityName="Warburton" authorityYear="1908" box="[352,629,547,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F33C733BB488911B71BFDF0" box="[352,629,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Haemaphysalis japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were similar and not suitable for separating these species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>