treatments-xml/data/03/94/87/039487F0FF92FF94FF7CFE583656FBFD.xml

<document id="865F84F2DDF81E87E073206685D45E2A" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.629.1.7" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10254937" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1701684825870" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Archila, Fredy, Tribouillier-Navas, Erick, Medeiros, Alexandre Da Silva, Muñiz-Castro, Miguel Á. &amp; Vázquez-García, J. Antonio" docDate="2023" docId="039487F0FF92FF94FF7CFE583656FBFD" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.629.1.7.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 629 (1)" docSource="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.629.1.7/51331" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.11:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="11" docTitle="Magnolia claudiae Archila, Tribouillier &amp; A. Vazquez 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="90" masterDocId="FFADFF88FF93FF91FFF4FFEC3528FFB0" masterDocTitle="The tulip Magnolia (Magnoliaceae), an endangered new shrubby species endemic to Baja Verapaz, Guatemala" masterLastPageNumber="92" masterPageNumber="85" pageNumber="86" updateTime="1701720861281" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="1A797B406A9BAA35E68EDFFC4047CDE7">The tulip Magnolia (Magnoliaceae), an endangered new shrubby species endemic to Baja Verapaz, Guatemala</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F65E9DF0B84B81187E41826F25B85337">Archila, Fredy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2CC9DD6715A87A221576F75833B804CC">Estación Experimental de Orquídeas de la Familia Archila, 1 avenida 5 - 28 Zona 1, Cobán, Alta Verapaz 16001, Guatemala, Central America. &amp; Herbario BIGU, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Zona 12, Guatemala City, Guatemala. &amp; archilae @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7849 - 4114</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="20A17D5B6091192782CE706F6ED7B6AE">Tribouillier-Navas, Erick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="670AE7430212495E70403A2E1DCED445">Estación Experimental de Orquídeas de la Familia Archila, 1 avenida 5 - 28 Zona 1, Cobán, Alta Verapaz 16001, Guatemala, Central America. &amp; forestribouillier @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5052 - 0106</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F5EED35D080F6919193101305CDED642">Medeiros, Alexandre Da Silva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C6C71E40B034654794BB288E20257098">Universidade Federal de Sorocaba, SP., Brasil. &amp; alexandremedeirosbicolor 40 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0497 - 166 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8CE278E10EE9834E97733FAC85558AB8">Muñiz-Castro, Miguel Á.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8AA3FB7D82FFA3CC4BC3E3AED2A4466C">Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Herbario IBUG, Instituto de Botánica, Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Camino Ing. Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, Nextipac, Zapopan, 45200, Jalisco, México. &amp; miguel. muniz @ academicos. udg. mx; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9127 - 057 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="49E082488BD1690A06350E22CDC4CF25">Vázquez-García, J. Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="143831F4568BD18678C16CA5AB384656">Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Herbario IBUG, Instituto de Botánica, Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Camino Ing. Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, Nextipac, Zapopan, 45200, Jalisco, México. &amp; talaumaofeliae @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8393 - 5906</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D65FF92FF90FF7CFE5837CFFE7E" authority="Archila, Tribouillier &amp; A.Vazquez" authorityName="Archila, Tribouillier &amp; A. Vazquez" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,743,436,463]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="claudiae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF92FF90FF7CFE583449FE7F" bold="true" box="[136,353,436,463]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Magnolia claudiae</emphasis>
Archila, Tribouillier &amp; A.Vázquez
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(
<figureCitation id="13062A63FF92FF90FCA6FE58369CFE7E" box="[850,948,436,462]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[136,229,1983,2005]" captionStartId-1="3.[136,229,1839,1861]" captionStartId-2="4.[136,229,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox-0="[177,1395,215,1946]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,190,1814]" captionTargetBox-2="[176,1412,190,2004]" captionTargetId-0="figure-21@2.[151,1436,187,1956]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@3.[189,1398,190,1814]" captionTargetId-2="figure-21@4.[176,1412,190,2004]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Magnolia claudiae. A. Flower at anthesis, female phase. B. Dissected flower, sepals, petals, peduncle with stamens, and gynoecium. C. Polyfollicle. D. Branch with leaves. E. Leaf base. F. Emarginate leaf apex. Illustrated by A. da Silva Medeiros." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Magnolia claudiae. A. Juvenile with reddish leaves and red erect stipule. B. Flower at anthesis, female phase. C. Dissected flower. D. Polyfollicle (fruit)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Magnolia claudiae, holotype (BIGU)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10254939" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10254941" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10254943" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10254939/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10254941/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10254943/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
)
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Type:— 
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. 
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: 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, growing inside the waterfall, 
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&amp; 
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MG-111
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(
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: 
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; 
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: 
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)
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.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D65FF92FF90FF7CFDAF3477FDED" authorityName="Archila, Tribouillier &amp; A. Vazquez" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,351,579,605]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="claudiae">
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF92FF90FF7CFDAF3477FDED" box="[136,351,579,605]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Magnolia claudiae</emphasis>
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is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D65FF92FF90FDCAFDA83639FDED" authority="A. Va" authorityName="A. Va" box="[574,785,579,605]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="archilana">
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF92FF90FDCAFDA837FAFDED" box="[574,722,579,605]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">M. archilana</emphasis>
A.Va
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́zquez, Tribouill. &amp; Véliz in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B17FF92FF90FBA9FDAF3594FD31" author="Vazquez-Garcia, J. A. &amp; Tribouillier-Navas, E. &amp; Archila, F. &amp; Veliz-Perez, M. E." pageId="1" pageNumber="86" pagination="221 - 238" refId="ref4291" refString="Vazquez-Garcia, J. A., Tribouillier-Navas, E., Archila, F. &amp; Veliz-Perez, M. E. (2019) A conspectus of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) in Guatemala: novelties and conservation. Phytotaxa 427: 221 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 427.4.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Vázquez-García 
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF92FF90FAE9FDA8307AFDED" box="[1309,1362,579,605]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">et al</emphasis>
. (2019: 222)
</bibRefCitation>
in leaf size and texture and glabrous fruits, but differs mainly in its shrubby habit, &lt;3.0 m tall (vs. trees 8.0–14.0 m); shorter, thinner terminal twigs, 0.5–1.0 × 
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(vs. 1.1–1.4 × 
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); longer petioles, 
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(vs. 2.0–2.2); leaf blades broadly elliptic and glabrous (vs. broadly obovate and densely ferruginously pubescent); leaf apex emarginate to obliquely blunt (vs. round and slightly apiculate); young leaves reddish (vs. dark green); longer peduncular internode 5.0–6.0 (vs. 3.0–3.4); smaller flower diameter 13–14.0 cm (vs. 20.0–22.0 cm); smaller sepals 5.0–5.2 × 2.0–2.2 (vs. 7.5–7.8 × 3.5–4.0 cm); smaller petals 6.0–6.2 × 
<quantity id="4CC59B03FF92FF90FC51FCFB310BFC81" box="[933,1059,791,817]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" unit="cm" value="4.3" valueMax="4.4" valueMin="4.2">4.2–4.4 cm</quantity>
(vs. 8.3–8.5 × 
<quantity id="4CC59B03FF92FF90FB3AFCFA3078FC81" box="[1230,1360,790,817]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" unit="cm" value="5.65" valueMax="5.8" valueMin="5.5">5.5–5.8 cm</quantity>
); purple staminophore (vs. reddish); more numerous stamens 145–150 (vs. 72–76); smaller seeds, 0.55–0.65 × 
<quantity id="4CC59B03FF92FF90FB0BFCD53053FCE4" box="[1279,1403,825,852]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" unit="cm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 cm</quantity>
(vs. 0.8–1.0 × 0.7–0.8); shorter mature polyfollicles 4.8–4.9 × 
<quantity id="4CC59B03FF92FF90FCE7FCB136B8FCC7" box="[787,912,861,887]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" unit="cm" value="2.3" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.4 cm</quantity>
(vs. 7.0–7.5 × 
<quantity id="4CC59B03FF92FF90FBCCFCB13192FCC7" box="[1080,1210,861,887]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="3.4">3.4–3.6 cm</quantity>
); and more numerous carpels 50–52 (vs. 34–40) (
<tableCitation id="C6BF035DFF92FF90FE4DFC6C3725FC2A" box="[441,525,896,922]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,224,1429,1453]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparisons of Magnolia archilana, M. claudiae, M. javieri A.Vázquez, Tribouill. &amp; Archila in Vázquez-García et al. (2021b: 60), and M. guatemalensis Donnell Smith (1909: 253)." pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C327656DFF92FF90FF49FC4830A3FA41" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8236E6FF92FF90FF49FC4830A3FA41" blockId="1.[136,1452,579,2085]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
Evergreen shrubs, 3.0–5.0 m, 
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dbh, bark smooth; shoots with ferruginous orange pubescence; terminal twig internodes 0.5–1.0 × 
<quantity id="4CC59B03FF92FF90FE45FC2A371AFC51" box="[433,562,966,993]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" unit="cm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 cm</quantity>
. Leaves petiolate; stipules 9.5–10.0 × 1.0– 
<quantity id="4CC59B03FF92FF90FBE7FC2B314AFC51" box="[1043,1122,967,993]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
, glabrous, pale pink; petioles 2.5–3.2 × 
<quantity id="4CC59B03FF92FF90FF09FC053457FBB4" box="[253,383,1001,1028]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" unit="cm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 cm</quantity>
, pubescent when young, glabrous when mature, ribbed; leaf blades 12.0–17.0 × 8.0–10.0 cm, broadly elliptic to suborbicular, when young with apical pubescent but becoming glabrous at maturity and apex changing to obliquely obtuse, obtuse or truncate, with 19–20 veins secondaries per side. Adult leaves dark green, shiny, glabrous adaxially and abaxially. Flowers solitary, 5.0–5.5 × 13.0–14.0 cm; peduncle 5.0–6.0 cm long, covered with microscopic ferruginous pubescence to about 80%, 20% with glandular-warty texture; flower buds ovate, glabrous, green with conspicuous veins; spathaceous bracts 2, the outer smooth (rough when dry), green, 7.0–8.3 × 5.0– 
<quantity id="4CC59B03FF92FF90FAADFB75308FFB04" box="[1369,1447,1177,1204]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" unit="cm" value="5.5">5.5 cm</quantity>
, the internal 4.5–5.0 × 4.5–5.0 cm, ovoid, with apical pubescence; flower chamber (in the form of a tulip flower), not opening as in the rest of the species of the 
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF92FF90FD9FFB0D37AAFB4A" box="[619,642,1249,1274]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
<collectionCode id="ED2CAE23FF92FF90FD9FFB0D37AAFB4A" box="[619,642,1249,1274]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
. section 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D65FF92FF90FD1CFB0C367DFB4A" box="[744,853,1248,1274]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" rank="section" section="Magnolia">
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF92FF90FD1CFB0C367DFB4A" box="[744,853,1248,1274]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Magnolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in 
<collectingCountry id="F32A7676FF92FF90FC26FB0C3167FB4A" box="[978,1103,1248,1274]" name="Guatemala" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
; sepals 4, light green in flower bud (anthesis), grey at maturity, oblong with the rounded apex, with prominent and visible ribs 5.0–5.2 × 2.0– 
<quantity id="4CC59B03FF92FF90FAACFAEF308FFAAE" box="[1368,1447,1283,1310]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" unit="cm" value="2.2">2.2 cm</quantity>
; petals 4–5, obovate, apically round, 5.5–6.2 × 
<quantity id="4CC59B03FF92FF90FD71FACB362CFAF1" box="[645,772,1319,1345]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" unit="cm" value="4.3" valueMax="4.4" valueMin="4.2">4.2–4.4 cm</quantity>
; staminophore cylindrical, inversely trapezoidal, dark purple; stamens 145–150, 9.0–10.0 × 
<quantity id="4CC59B03FF92FF90FE17FAA53746FAD4" box="[483,622,1353,1380]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 mm</quantity>
, each white stamen with purple base and apex, linearly curved, apically acuminate; gynoecium with 50–52 carpels, glabrous, with the base slightly, microscopically pubescent, the stigma brown, geniculate, with a tentacular, dorsally irregular corrugated. Fruits 4.8–5.0 × 2.0– 
<quantity id="4CC59B03FF92FF90FBA1FA7C318BFA1B" box="[1109,1187,1424,1451]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" unit="cm" value="2.2">2.2 cm</quantity>
, green, glabrous, ovatepyramidal; basal follicles 1.8–2.0 × 
<quantity id="4CC59B03FF92FF90FDD6FA5F378BFA7E" box="[546,675,1459,1486]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" unit="cm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 cm</quantity>
, obtrullate, dorsal wall with two keels that run from the distal to the proximal part, apex truncate. Seeds red, 5.5–6.5 × 4.0–5.0 mm, obliquely orbicular with orange reddish sarcotesta.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C327656DFF92FF90FF49FA15368FF974" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8236E6FF92FF90FF49FA15342EF9CD" blockId="1.[136,1452,579,2085]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF92FF90FF49FA1537BEF9A4" bold="true" box="[189,662,1529,1556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Distribution, habitat and phenology:—</emphasis>
Known from three populations, all associated with micro-watersheds and waterfalls with exposed rocks, in cloud forests in the Department of 
<collectingRegion id="49F9F804FF92FF90FC30F9F13175F987" box="[964,1117,1565,1591]" country="Guatemala" name="Baja Verapaz" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Baja Verapaz</collectingRegion>
. Observed (but not collected) at Biotopo del Quetzal waterfalls and Los Ranchitos, a private protected area and waterfalls (
<figureCitation id="13062A63FF92FF90FB63F9AC31F4F9EA" box="[1175,1244,1600,1626]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,229,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,214,926]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[209,1378,190,946]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Map of Magnolia claudiae and morphologically similar and geographically nearby species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10254945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10254945/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Flowering May– September.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236E6FF92FF90FF49F96B368FF974" blockId="1.[136,1452,579,2085]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF92FF90FF49F96B3702F911" bold="true" box="[189,554,1671,1697]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Eponymy and ethnobotany:—</emphasis>
Dedicated to Claudia Cortez de 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D65FF92FF90FC63F96A36C6F910" box="[919,1006,1670,1696]" family="Archila" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" rank="family">Archila</taxonomicName>
, co-collector of the species. Known by residents of the area as 
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF92FF90FE7AF9463766F974" box="[398,590,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">magnolia tulipán</emphasis>
and used as a charcoal source.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C327656DFF92FF90FF49F92136F4F794" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8B8236E6FF92FF90FF49F92136F4F794" blockId="1.[136,1452,579,2085]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF92FF90FF49F92134F8F957" bold="true" box="[189,464,1741,1767]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Conservation status:—</emphasis>
Endemic to 
<collectingRegion id="49F9F804FF92FF90FDAEF92137C7F957" box="[602,751,1741,1767]" country="Guatemala" name="Baja Verapaz" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Baja Verapaz</collectingRegion>
and known from only three populations near the type locality with a total of 
<specimenCount id="9D3BFD6FFF92FF90FEDAF91C34A1F8BA" box="[302,393,1776,1802]" count="20" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" type="adult">20 adult</specimenCount>
trees; it should become a target for conservation efforts. Two populations are not in protected areas and are exposed to several threats. Like many other Neotropical 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D65FF92FF90FC6CF8FF3175F89D" box="[920,1117,1811,1837]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF92FF90FC6CF8FF312DF89D" box="[920,1029,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Magnolia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B17FF92FF90FB9FF8FF301EF89D" author="Rivers, M. &amp; Beech, E. &amp; Murphy, L. &amp; Oldfield, S." box="[1131,1334,1811,1838]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" refId="ref3234" refString="Rivers, M., Beech, E., Murphy, L. &amp; Oldfield, S. (2016) The Red List of Magnoliaceae (revised and extended). Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK, 60 pp." type="book" year="2016">
Rivers 
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF92FF90FB48F8F831C5F89D" box="[1212,1261,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B17FF92FF90FAB4F8FF3474F8E1" author="Vazquez-Garcia, J. A. &amp; Gomez-Dominguez, H. &amp; Lopez-Cruz, A. &amp; Espinosa-Jimenez, J. A. &amp; Sahagun-Godinez, E. &amp; Muniz-Castro, M. A." pageId="1" pageNumber="86" pagination="417 - 425" refId="ref3584" refString="Vazquez-Garcia, J. A., Gomez-Dominguez, H., Lopez-Cruz, A., Espinosa-Jimenez, J. A., Sahagun-Godinez, E. &amp; Muniz-Castro, M. A. (2013 a) Magnolia perezfarrerae, a new species and a key to Mexican species of Magnolia (section Talauma, subsection Talauma, Magnoliaceae). Botanical Sciences 91: 417 - 425. https: // doi. org / 10.17129 / botsci. 421" type="journal article" year="2013">
Vázquez-García 
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF92FF90FF2CF8DB3427F8E0" box="[216,271,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
2013 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B17FF92FF90FEA4F8DB3474F8E1" author="Vazquez-Garcia, J. A. &amp; Tribouillier-Navas, E. &amp; Archila, F. &amp; Aguilar, R. E. &amp; Shalisko, V." box="[336,348,1847,1873]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" refId="ref4225" refString="Vazquez-Garcia, J. A., Tribouillier-Navas, E., Archila, F., Aguilar, R. E. &amp; Shalisko, V. (2022) Two new species of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) from Alta Verapaz and Quiche, Guatemala. Phytotaxa 559: 035 - 044. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 559.1.4" type="journal volume" year="2022">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D65FF92FF90FE91F8DA3491F8E0" box="[357,441,1846,1872]" family="Archila" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" rank="family">Archila</taxonomicName>
2022) 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D65FF92FF90FDF1F8DB37A1F8E0" authorityName="Archila, Tribouillier &amp; A. Vazquez" authorityYear="2023" box="[517,649,1846,1872]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="claudiae">
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF92FF90FDF1F8DB37A1F8E0" box="[517,649,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">M. claudiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is highly threatened, the known extent of occurrence (EOO) is only 
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and its known area of occupancy (AOO) is only 
<quantity id="4CC59B03FF92FF90FD24F8B6363EF8C4" box="[720,790,1882,1908]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C489BAEFF92FF90FCE1F8B53635F8D7" attach="left" box="[789,797,1881,1895]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">2</superScript>
. According to the IUCN Red List criterion B1 (EOO &lt;
<quantity id="4CC59B03FF92FF90FA75F8B63584F827" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C489BAEFF92FF90FF58F891359CF83B" attach="left" box="[172,180,1917,1931]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">2</superScript>
) and conditions ab(iii) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B17FF92FF90FE4BF8913760F827" author="IUCN &amp; Cambridge U." box="[447,584,1917,1943]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" refId="ref3173" refString="IUCN (2022) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version 15.1. IUCN Red List Unit, Standards and Petitions Committee, Cambridge U. K, 114 pp. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed: 20 May 2022)." type="book" year="2022">IUCN 2022</bibRefCitation>
), the species could be considered critically endangered (CR). In addition to its rarity, narrow distribution, and severe habitat fragmentation (condition a), this species experiences a continuing decline observed and projected in area and quality of habitat (condition b(iii)). We could not find seeds for propagation. Being used by the inhabitants for charcoal endangers it in the forest from which the 
<typeStatus id="54868844FF92FF90FBF0F80A314EF7B0" box="[1028,1126,2022,2048]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was obtained. Demographic studies are required to determine the number of and size of each population.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF42666EFF91FF93FF7CF8533069F849" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10254939" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10254939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10254939/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" startId="2.[136,229,1983,2005]" targetBox="[177,1395,215,1946]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8236E6FF91FF93FF7CF8533069F849" blockId="2.[136,1452,1983,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF91FF93FF7CF85335D2F864" bold="true" box="[136,250,1983,2005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D65FF91FF93FEFCF85334E8F864" authorityName="Archila, Tribouillier &amp; A. Vazquez" authorityYear="2023" box="[264,448,1983,2004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="claudiae">
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF91FF93FEFCF85334E8F864" box="[264,448,1983,2004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Magnolia claudiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Flower at anthesis, female phase. B. Dissected flower, sepals, petals, peduncle with stamens, and gynoecium. C. Polyfollicle. D. Branch with leaves. E. Leaf base. F. Emarginate leaf apex. Illustrated by A. da Silva Medeiros.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF42666EFF90FF92FF7CF8C3348DF8D9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10254941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10254941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10254941/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" startId="3.[136,229,1839,1861]" targetBox="[189,1398,190,1814]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8236E6FF90FF92FF7CF8C3348DF8D9" blockId="3.[136,1451,1839,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF90FF92FF7CF8C335D0F8F4" bold="true" box="[136,248,1839,1861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D65FF90FF92FEF1F8C33494F8F4" authorityName="Archila, Tribouillier &amp; A. Vazquez" authorityYear="2023" box="[261,444,1839,1860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="claudiae">
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF90FF92FEF1F8C33494F8F4" box="[261,444,1839,1860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Magnolia claudiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Juvenile with reddish leaves and red erect stipule. B. Flower at anthesis, female phase. C. Dissected flower. D. Polyfollicle (fruit).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF42666EFF97FF95FF7CF8003759F7B2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10254943" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10254943" box="[136,625,2028,2051]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10254943/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" startId="4.[136,229,2028,2050]" targetBox="[176,1412,190,2004]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8236E6FF97FF95FF7CF8003759F7B2" blockId="4.[136,625,2028,2051]" box="[136,625,2028,2051]" pageId="4" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF97FF95FF7CF80035DFF7B1" bold="true" box="[136,247,2028,2050]" pageId="4" pageNumber="89">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D65FF97FF95FEF7F8013492F7B2" authorityName="Archila, Tribouillier &amp; A. Vazquez" authorityYear="2023" box="[259,442,2029,2050]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="claudiae">
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF97FF95FEF7F8013492F7B2" box="[259,442,2029,2050]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="89">Magnolia claudiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype (BIGU).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF42666EFF96FF94FF7CFC26315AFC50" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10254945" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10254945" box="[136,1138,970,992]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10254945/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" startId="5.[136,229,970,992]" targetBox="[230,1358,214,926]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8236E6FF96FF94FF7CFC26315AFC50" blockId="5.[136,1138,970,992]" box="[136,1138,970,992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF96FF94FF7CFC2635DFFC6F" bold="true" box="[136,247,970,992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
. Map of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D65FF96FF94FEBBFC26372EFC6F" authorityName="Archila, Tribouillier &amp; A. Vazquez" authorityYear="2023" box="[335,518,970,991]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="claudiae">
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF96FF94FEBBFC26372EFC6F" box="[335,518,970,991]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">Magnolia claudiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and morphologically similar and geographically nearby species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C327656DFF96FF94FF49FBE23656FBFD" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8236E6FF96FF94FF49FBE23656FBFD" blockId="5.[136,1452,1038,1101]" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF96FF94FF49FBE23773FB98" bold="true" box="[189,603,1038,1064]" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">Additional specimen examined:—</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F32A7676FF96FF94FDAFFBE33625FB99" box="[603,781,1039,1065]" name="Guatemala" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">GUATEMALA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49F9F804FF96FF94FCEFFBE33690FB99" box="[795,952,1039,1065]" country="Guatemala" name="Baja Verapaz" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">Baja Verapaz</collectingRegion>
: Chilascó Waterfall, 
<quantity id="4CC59B03FF96FF94FB59FBE33021FB99" box="[1197,1289,1039,1065]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE095021FF96FF94FAEDFBE2308FFB99" box="[1305,1447,1038,1065]" degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" precision="15" seconds="10" value="15.152778">15º09'10'' N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE095021FF96FF94FF7CFBDF343DFBFD" box="[136,277,1075,1101]" degrees="90" direction="west" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-90.12417">90º07'27'' W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF831026FF96FF94FED4FBDF349AFBFD" box="[288,434,1075,1101]" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" value="2021-05-07">May 7, 2021</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B949EAF4FF96FF94FE49FBDF3630FBFD" box="[445,792,1075,1101]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">Archila &amp; Tribouillier MG-112</emphasis>
(BIGU).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>