153 lines
19 KiB
XML
153 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="54643C808D081F233646C0554C2977F6" ID-CLB-Dataset="276832" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5209.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f3927e32-6a21-4acd-9af2-dc4610ecf875" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7329609" ID-ZooBank="BAB92ED9-AB04-49FE-9453-882CAB65D177" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1668668753712" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chandramouli, S. R." docDate="2022" docId="039487D5FFE6FFA35E80F903FE49FC17" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5209.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5209 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Fowlea tytleri" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="307" masterDocId="FFADFFADFFE3FFA55E17FFC5FFC3FF96" masterDocTitle="Snake fauna of the Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal-A review of species richness taxonomy, distribution, natural history and conservation status" masterLastPageNumber="331" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="306" updateTime="1699414047536" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="7666BFADD642971ECF76128694F39103">Snake fauna of the Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal-A review of species richness taxonomy, distribution, natural history and conservation status</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="06E4A2EA8F71723EE36983F3250F30C7">Chandramouli, S. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="50A7447022C96D294645E039AF66C766">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C0ACF83EB13385D7240F9940828F415D">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="27768E23AB1964E033FE28D1EAFCFFBA">2022-11-17</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039487D5FFE6FFA35E80F903FE49FC17" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7329635" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217323701" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7329635" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039487D5FFE6FFA35E80F903FE49FC17" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487D5FFE6FFA35E80F903FE49FC17" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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<subSubSection id="C3276548FFE6FFA05E80F903FE24F976" box="[151,487,1734,1761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8236C3FFE6FFA05E80F903FE24F976" blockId="5.[151,487,1734,1797]" box="[151,487,1734,1761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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<heading id="D0CA81AFFFE6FFA05E80F903FE24F976" bold="true" box="[151,487,1734,1761]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D40FFE6FFA05E80F903FE24F976" authority="(Blyth, 1863)" baseAuthorityName="Blyth" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[151,487,1734,1761]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Fowlea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tytleri">
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<emphasis id="B949EAD1FFE6FFA05E80F903FE24F976" bold="true" box="[151,487,1734,1761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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<emphasis id="B949EAD1FFE6FFA05E80F903FEFDF977" bold="true" box="[151,318,1734,1761]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Fowlea tytleri</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B32FFE6FFA05F59F903FE1DF976" author="Blyth, E." box="[334,478,1734,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="345 - 367" refId="ref11403" refString="Blyth, E. (1863) The zoology of the Andaman Islands. In: Mouat, F. J., Adventures and researches among the Andaman Islanders. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 32, pp. 345 - 367." type="journal article" year="1863">Blyth, 1863</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3276548FFE6FFA35E80F92EFE49FC17" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8236C3FFE6FFA05E80F92EFEBEF893" blockId="5.[151,487,1734,1797]" box="[151,381,1771,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13062A46FFE6FFA05E88F92EFEF9F893" box="[159,314,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[151,1436,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A) Indotyphlops braminus (South Andaman), (B) Argyrophis oatesii (South Andaman), (C & D) Fowlea tytleri— blotched and striped morphs (South Andaman), (E & F) Adult and juvenile Lycodon hypsirhinoides (Long Island), (G & H) Adult and juvenile Dendrelaphis andamanensis (Long Island)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7329631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7329631/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Figs. 6C & D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13062A46FFE6FFA05F52F92EFEB7F893" box="[325,372,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[196,1387,195,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-30@22.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. Locality records of (A): Indotyphlops braminus and Argyrophis oatesii (B) Gerarda prevostiana, Acrochordus granulatus, Cerberus rynchops and Cantoria violacea (C) Fowlea tytleri and Lycodon hypsirhinoides (D) Dendrelaphis andamanensis and Chrysopelea paradisi" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7329651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7329651/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">11C</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8236C3FFE6FFA05E80F8F6FE3FF803" blockId="5.[151,1436,1843,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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Material studied: Four adults; CSPT/S-24 from South Andaman; CIARI uncatalogued from Sippighat, South Andaman (
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<figureCitation id="13062A46FFE6FFA05F00F892FEB5F8E7" box="[279,374,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[195,1393,214,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-30@8.[195,1393,201,1885]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Specimens studied: (A) Indotyphlops braminus (CIARI uncat.), (B) Gerrhopilus andamanensis (NMW 15427), (C) Acrochordus granulatus (CSPT/S-75), (D) Fowlea tytleri (CIARI uncat.), (E) Lycodon hypsirhinoides (ZSI 8145, inset: CIARI uncat.), (F) Dendrelaphis andamanensis (CIARI uncat.), (G) Boiga andamanensis (CIARI uncat.), (H) Chrysopelea paradisi (photo: O.D. Adhikari)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7329621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7329621/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
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); DOSMB 05067, an adult from Brookshabad, South Andaman; ANFD uncatalogued from Mayabunder, Middle Andaman.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8236C3FFE6FFA35ED0F85AFD20FEF3" blockId="5.[151,1436,1843,2013]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,897]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Morphology: Three distinct and discrete colour morphs were observed during this study. One with distinctly striped pattern, bearing two dark stripes continuing from the eye-streak posteriorly throughout the length of the body on the brown background colour. The second morph with circular black blotches along the body, the third morph with large black checkered pattern with each check occupying about 7–8 scales. These patterns were neither correlated with age, sex of the individuals, nor the region of origin and hence, were just random variations that do not have any taxonomic value. Dorsal scales keeled, in 17:17–19:15–17 rows; ventrals 139–147; preventral 1; subcaudals 75–85, divided; preocular 1; postoculars 3; anal divided; supralabials 9 (4–5 entering orbit); infralabials 10 (1–6 contacting genials); temporals 2+3, loreal 1.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8236C3FFE5FFA35ED0FEAAFEBCFD8F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Distribution:An endemic species occurring throughout the Andaman Islands. Several individuals were recorded during this study from South, Middle, North and Little Andaman Islands, Rutland, Havelock, Long, Neil and Interview Islands from a variety of habitats ranging from human habitation, secondary forests, and littoral forests to primary evergreen forests. Often seen in freshwater bodies such as ponds and streams and found crossing roads in human habitation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8236C3FFE5FFA35ED0FDE6FB5EFCCB" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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Remarks: This species is endemic to the Andaman archipelago. It was transferred from
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D40FFE5FFA35A8EFDE6FF0CFDF7" authority="Gunther, 1864" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" class="Reptilia" family="Natricidae" genus="Xenochrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B949EAD1FFE5FFA35A8EFDE6FAF7FDAB" box="[1177,1332,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Xenochrophis</emphasis>
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Günther, 1864
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</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D40FFE5FFA35EEEFD82FDC9FDF7" authority="Theobald, 1868" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1868" box="[249,522,583,609]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Fowlea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B949EAD1FFE5FFA35EEEFD82FE8EFDF7" box="[249,333,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Fowlea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B32FFE5FFA35F40FD82FDC9FDF7" author="Theobald, W." box="[343,522,583,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="7 - 88" refId="ref12828" refString="Theobald, W. (1868) Catalogue of reptiles in the Museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 37 (Extra Number 146), (2), vi + 7 - 88." type="journal article" year="1868">Theobald, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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by Purkayastha
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<emphasis id="B949EAD1FFE5FFA35CDAFD82FCC2FDF7" box="[717,769,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">et al</emphasis>
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. (2021).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B32FFE5FFA35D79FD82FB96FDF7" author="Kohler, G. & Than, N. L. & Thammachoti, P." box="[878,1109,583,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="410 - 417" refId="ref12154" refString="Kohler, G., Than, N. L. & Thammachoti, P. (2021) Taxonomic Status of Fowlea tytleri (Blyth, 1863) from the Andaman Islands. Tropical Natural History, 21 (3), 410 - 417." type="journal article" year="2021">
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Köhler
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<emphasis id="B949EAD1FFE5FFA35DD1FD82FC39FDF7" box="[966,1018,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">et al</emphasis>
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. (2021)
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</bibRefCitation>
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synonymized
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D40FFE5FFA35AE8FD82FAA3FDF7" baseAuthorityName="Blyth" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1279,1376,583,609]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Fowlea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tytleri">
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<emphasis id="B949EAD1FFE5FFA35AE8FD82FAA3FDF7" box="[1279,1376,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">F. tytleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D40FFE5FFA35E80FDAEFE21FD13" authority="(Schneider, 1799)" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[151,482,619,645]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Fowlea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piscator">
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<emphasis id="B949EAD1FFE5FFA35E80FDAEFED3FD12" box="[151,272,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">F. piscator</emphasis>
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(Schneider, 1799)
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</taxonomicName>
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based on a 16s phylogeny of some samples, which they regarded to be
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D40FFE5FFA35B0BFDAEFA56FD12" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[1308,1429,619,644]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Fowlea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piscator">
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<emphasis id="B949EAD1FFE5FFA35B0BFDAEFA56FD12" box="[1308,1429,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">F. piscator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, including those from
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<collectingRegion id="49F9F821FFE5FFA35F91FD4AFDC9FD3F" box="[390,522,655,681]" country="Myanmar" name="Taninthayi" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Tanintharyi</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F32A7653FFE5FFA35C02FD4AFD41FD3F" box="[533,642,655,681]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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and some unknown locations, but did not include a topotypical sample of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D40FFE5FFA35EA1FD76FEEDFD5A" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[182,302,691,716]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Fowlea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piscator">
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<emphasis id="B949EAD1FFE5FFA35EA1FD76FEEDFD5A" box="[182,302,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">F. piscator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the eastern coast of the Indian peninsula. As Vogel and David (2011), while revising the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D40FFE5FFA35E80FD12FEF2FD67" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,305,727,753]" class="Reptilia" family="Natricidae" genus="Xenochrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B949EAD1FFE5FFA35E80FD12FEF2FD67" box="[151,305,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Xenochrophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, restricted the
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<typeStatus id="54868861FFE5FFA35FCDFD12FDC9FD67" box="[474,522,727,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">type</typeStatus>
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locality of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D40FFE5FFA35C9AFD12FCC6FD66" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[653,773,727,752]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Fowlea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piscator">
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<emphasis id="B949EAD1FFE5FFA35C9AFD12FCC6FD66" box="[653,773,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">F. piscator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to ‘northern coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh state, eastern India’, the synonymisation of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D40FFE5FFA35FFCFD3EFD08FC83" box="[491,715,763,789]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Tropidonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tytleri">
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<emphasis id="B949EAD1FFE5FFA35FFCFD3EFD08FC83" box="[491,715,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Tropidonotus tytleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D40FFE5FFA35D1BFD3EFC01FC82" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1799" box="[780,962,763,789]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piscator">
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<emphasis id="B949EAD1FFE5FFA35D1BFD3EFC01FC82" box="[780,962,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Hydrus piscator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B32FFE5FFA35DF9FD3EFB0CFC83" author="Kohler, G. & Than, N. L. & Thammachoti, P." box="[1006,1231,763,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="410 - 417" refId="ref12154" refString="Kohler, G., Than, N. L. & Thammachoti, P. (2021) Taxonomic Status of Fowlea tytleri (Blyth, 1863) from the Andaman Islands. Tropical Natural History, 21 (3), 410 - 417." type="journal article" year="2021">
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Köhler
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<emphasis id="B949EAD1FFE5FFA35A54FD3EFBB6FC83" box="[1091,1141,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">et al</emphasis>
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. (2021)
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</bibRefCitation>
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based on samples of the latter, that do not originate from the
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<typeStatus id="54868861FFE5FFA35C61FCDAFD65FCAF" box="[630,678,799,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">type</typeStatus>
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locality is rejected here, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D40FFE5FFA35DE7FCDAFB4DFCAF" baseAuthorityName="Blyth" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1008,1166,799,825]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Fowlea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tytleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAD1FFE5FFA35DE7FCDAFB4DFCAF" box="[1008,1166,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Fowlea tytleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is regarded as a distinct and valid species, endemic to the Andaman Archipelago (also see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B32FFE5FFA35D6EFC86FB52FCCB" author="Amarasinghe, A. A. T. & Bandara, S. K. & Weerakkody, S. & Campbell, P. D. & Marques, D. A. & Danushka, A. D. & de Silva, A. & Vogel, G." box="[889,1169,835,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="201 - 219" refId="ref10941" refString="Amarasinghe, A. A. T., Bandara, S. K., Weerakkody, S., Campbell, P. D., Marques, D. A., Danushka, A. D., de Silva, A. & Vogel, G. (2022) Systematics of the Sri Lankan Water Snakes of the Genus Fowlea Theobald 1868 (Reptilia: Natricidae). Herpetologica, 78 (3), 201 - 219. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / Herpetologica-D- 22 - 00004" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Amarasinghe
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAD1FFE5FFA35A02FC86FB8DFCCB" box="[1045,1102,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8236C3FFE5FFA35ED0FCA2FE49FC17" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,897]" box="[199,394,871,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Status: Common.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |