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<mods:title id="D3D932B3E12D2B0B9981DCE63F10E969">Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="81795441F98CFC07B0C0AF7D9D30D621">Al-Handal, Adil Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F4C8A6A41D9FF05935289E08EA98954A">Thomas, Evan W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5BD5D43E47B2C208D32221102FEA2C63">Pennesi, Chiara</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="727A352917C6F6436CF2E9F3BE10E128">Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italia</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8B84D73DFFBB2F41FF61F343FBD9FC02" blockId="33.[136,1079,879,904]" box="[136,1079,879,904]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">
<heading id="D0CC6051FFBB2F41FF61F343FBD9FC02" box="[136,1079,879,904]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BACBEFFBB2F41FF61F343FD66FC02" authority="(Ehrenberg) D. G. Mann" authorityName="D. G. Mann" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" box="[136,648,879,904]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Surirellaceae" genus="Petrodictyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Surirellales" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="gemma">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FF61F343FE9BFC02" bold="true" box="[136,373,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">Petrodictyon gemma</emphasis>
(Ehrenberg) D.G. Mann
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in
<treatmentCitation id="0A9AF12CFFBB2F41FD44F343FC2FFC02" author="Round, F. E. &amp; Crawford, R. M. &amp; Mann, D. G." box="[685,961,879,904]" page="674" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFFBB2F41FD44F343FC2FFC02" author="Round, F. E. &amp; Crawford, R. M. &amp; Mann, D. G." box="[685,961,879,904]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" refId="ref26715" refString="Round, F. E., Crawford, R. M. &amp; Mann, D. G. (1990) The diatoms, biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 747 pp." type="book" year="1990">
Round
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FD17F343FCC1FC02" box="[766,815,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">et al</emphasis>
. (1990: 674)
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(
<figureCitation id="1300CBB8FFBB2F41FC39F343FBC1FC02" box="[976,1071,879,904]" captionStart="FIGURES 103110" captionStartId="31.[136,243,1975,1996]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,227,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-14@31.[189,1399,190,1952]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 103110. Marine benthic diatoms in coral reefs off Basra. Fig. 103. Campylodiscus bicostatus, Fig. 104. Campylodiscus crebrecostatus, Fig. 105. Campylodiscus daemelianus, Fig. 106. Campylodiscus decorus, Fig. 107. Campylodicus imperialis, Fig. 108. Petrodictyon gemma, Fig. 109. Surirella fastuosa, Fig. 110. Campylodiscus neofastuosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13728842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13728842/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">Fig. 108</figureCitation>
)
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<subSubSection id="C32184B6FFBB2F41FF61F3BAFC78FB92" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B84D73DFFBB2F41FF61F3BAFBFCFC45" blockId="33.[136,1451,918,975]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FF61F3BAFF1EFC21" box="[136,240,918,939]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">References</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFFBB2F41FF14F3BAFE91FC21" author="Hendey, N. I." box="[253,383,918,939]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" refId="ref24568" refString="Hendey, N. I. (1964) An Introductory Account of the Smaller Algae of British Coastal Waters, Part V: Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms). Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 317 pp." type="book" year="1964">Hendey 1964</bibRefCitation>
, p. 288, pl. 50, fig. 5, pl. 52, fig. 4; Krammer &amp; Large-Bertalot 1988, p. 191, pl. 140, figs 13 (both as
<taxonomicName id="4C3BACBEFFBB2F41FABEF3BAFDD2FC45" authority="(Ehrenberg) Kutzing (1844: 62)" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="1844" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Surirellaceae" genus="Surirella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Surirellales" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="gemma">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FABEF3BAFEECFC45" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">Surirella gemma</emphasis>
(Ehrenberg)
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFFBB2F41FE6BF396FDD2FC45" author="Kutzing, F. T." box="[386,572,954,975]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" refId="ref25299" refString="Kutzing, F. T. (1844) Die Kieselschaligen, Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. Nordhausen, 152 pp." type="book" year="1844">Kützing (1844: 62)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFFBB2F41FDAFF396FCF3FC45" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[582,797,954,975]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" pagination="1 - 925" refId="ref27775" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom Flora of Marine Coasts Iconographia Diatomologica 7: 1 - 925." type="book chapter" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FD5CF396FD08FC45" box="[693,742,954,975]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 413, pl. 216, figs 8, 9.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FF61F3D3FF04FB92" box="[136,234,1023,1048]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">Features</emphasis>
: Length 7092 μm, width 3048 μm, striae
<quantity id="4CC37AD8FFBB2F41FD35F3D3FCD1FB92" box="[732,831,1023,1048]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" unit="in" value="22.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="20.0">2024 in</quantity>
10 μm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32184B6FFBB2F41FF54F40FFAFCFB7A" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B84D73DFFBB2F41FF54F40FFD64FBEA" blockId="33.[136,1452,1023,1264]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FF54F40FFEAFFBB6" box="[189,321,1059,1084]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">Description</emphasis>
: Valves ovate to linear ovate with weakly convex margins. Fibulae connected to radiating transapical costae, which end in a very narrow axial area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84D73DFFBB2F41FF54F447FA42FB22" blockId="33.[136,1452,1023,1264]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FF54F447FEF1FB0E" box="[189,287,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">Remarks</emphasis>
: Both
<taxonomicName id="4C3BACBEFFBB2F41FE8EF447FE3FFB0E" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityYear="1844" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" box="[359,465,1131,1156]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Surirellaceae" genus="Surirella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Surirellales" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="gemma">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FE8EF447FE3FFB0E" box="[359,465,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">P. gemma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3BACBEFFBB2F41FDEBF447FC4EFB0E" authority="Sterrenburg (2001: 109)" authorityName="Sterrenburg" authorityPageNumber="109" authorityYear="2001" box="[514,928,1131,1156]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Surirellaceae" genus="Petrodictyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Surirellales" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="patrimonii">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FDEBF447FD7CFB0E" box="[514,658,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">P. patrimonii</emphasis>
Sterrenburg (2001: 109)
</taxonomicName>
appear similar in valve outline and structure but areolae of the former species can be resolved under light microscope while it is invisible in the later (Sterrenburg 2001).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84D73DFFBB2F41FF54F49FFAFCFB7A" blockId="33.[136,1452,1023,1264]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FF54F49FFE0AFB46" box="[189,484,1203,1228]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">Ecology and Distribution:</emphasis>
A widespread species both in marine and brackish water habitats. Previously reported from the Gulf (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFFBB2F41FED8F4FBFE25FB7A" author="Hendey, N. I." box="[305,459,1239,1264]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" pagination="101 - 168" refId="ref24607" refString="Hendey, N. I. (1970) Some littoral diatoms of Kuwait. Nova Hedwigia 31: 101 - 168" type="journal article" year="1970">Hendey 1970</bibRefCitation>
, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFFBB2F41FCC1F4FBFC0CFB7A" author="Al-Handal, A. Y." box="[808,994,1239,1264]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" pagination="153 - 183" refId="ref22301" refString="Al-Handal, A. Y. (2009) Littoral diatoms from the Shatt Al-Arab estuary, North-West Arabian Gulf. Cryptogamie Algologie 30: 153 - 183." type="journal article" year="2009">Al-Handal 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Common in
<collectingRegion id="49FF19DFFFBB2F41FB68F4FBFB2FFB7A" box="[1153,1217,1239,1264]" country="Iraq" name="Al Basrah" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">Basra</collectingRegion>
corals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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