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<document id="7A9D8BF2B240AD41A2915C953F410E5B" ID-CLB-Dataset="28153" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0d849a4d-5dd1-4f60-9036-939f4486fe72" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2601017" ID-ZooBank="8E2935BD-3608-4BE1-B565-AE50966EE510" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553171272592" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martins, Ananda Regina P., Duarte, Marcelo &amp; Robbins, Robert K." docDate="2019" docId="0390D93D7B08FFA0FF5BFF17FCE97D18" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4563.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4563 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudolycaena Wallengren 1858" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="128" masterDocId="FFA9A1457B00FFA9FFCCFF8FFFB87C05" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic Classification of the Atlides Section of the Eumaeini (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)" masterLastPageNumber="134" masterPageNumber="119" pageNumber="127" updateTime="1698703033999" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B8A6715D4996E70241ED2F990FFA690D">Phylogenetic Classification of the Atlides Section of the Eumaeini (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="71310FACE694FDE9FF0BAAFF600C00FD">Martins, Ananda Regina P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A0E7735BB132532030094362AC870B9B">Duarte, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0390D93D7B08FFA0FF5BFF17FCE97D18" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5932762" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154474486" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5932762" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390D93D7B08FFA0FF5BFF17FCE97D18" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0390D93D7B08FFA0FF5BFF17FCE97D18" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<subSubSection id="C3233BA07B08FFA1FF5BFF17FD907CF1" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B86682B7B08FFA1FF5BFF17FD957CB7" blockId="8.[151,557,152,178]" box="[151,557,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<heading id="D0CEDF477B08FFA1FF5BFF17FD957CB7" bold="true" box="[151,557,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3913A87B08FFA1FF5BFF17FD957CB7" ID-CoL="9CLTD" authority="Wallengren, 1858" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1858" box="[151,557,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseudolycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FF5BFF17FD957CB7" bold="true" box="[151,557,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FF5BFF17FEF47CB7" bold="true" box="[151,332,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Pseudolycaena</emphasis>
Wallengren, 1858
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B86682B7B08FFA1FF5BFF50FD907CF1" blockId="8.[151,552,222,245]" box="[151,552,222,245]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<typeStatus id="5482D6897B08FFA1FF5BFF50FF7B7CF1" box="[151,195,223,244]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C3913A87B08FFA1FED3FF51FD907CF1" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[287,552,222,245]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marsyas">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FED3FF51FE7C7CF0" box="[287,452,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Papilio marsyas</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3233BA07B08FFA1FF5BFEADFA377EA7" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B86682B7B08FFA1FF5BFEADFDD97E5F" blockId="8.[151,1437,289,674]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
Two
<taxonomicName id="4C3913A87B08FFA1FF02FEAEFEC07D3F" ID-CoL="9CLTD" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1858" box="[206,376,289,314]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseudolycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FF02FEAEFEC07D3F" box="[206,376,289,314]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Pseudolycaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have been recognized traditionally (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA815DA7B08FFA1FCA8FEAEFBC87D3C" author="Godman, F. D. &amp; Salvin, O." box="[868,1136,289,314]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" refId="ref9506" refString="Godman, F. D. &amp; Salvin, O. (1887 - 1901) Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. Fam. Lycaenidae. London, Dulau &amp; Co., Bernard Quaritch, 2, 112 pp." type="book" year="1887">
Godman &amp; Salvin
<date id="FF874EEB7B08FFA1FBFAFEAEFBC87D3C" box="[1078,1136,289,313]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" value="1887" valueMax="1901">1887</date>
</bibRefCitation>
–1901;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA815DA7B08FFA1FB0EFEAEFAF77D3C" author="Draudt, M." box="[1218,1359,289,314]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" pagination="744 - 812" refId="ref9270" refString="Draudt, M. (1919 - 1920) Theclini F. In: Seitz A (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Fol. 5. Die amerikanischen Tagfalter. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 744 - 812." type="book chapter" year="1919">
Draudt
<date id="FF874EEB7B08FFA1FADAFEAEFAF77D3C" box="[1302,1359,289,313]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" value="1919" valueMax="1920">1919</date>
</bibRefCitation>
–1920;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA815DA7B08FFA1FF5BFECAFEF07D5B" author="Robbins, R. K." box="[151,328,325,350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" pagination="118 - 137" refId="ref9998" refString="Robbins, R. K. (2004 b) Lycaenidae. Theclinae. Tribe Eumaeini. In: Lamas, G. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Folume 5 A. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, pp. 118 - 137." type="book chapter" year="2004">Robbins 2004b</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFA815DA7B08FFA1FE91FECAFDB97D5B" author="Clench, H. K." box="[349,513,325,350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" pagination="247 - 270" refId="ref9154" refString="Clench, H. K. (1964) A synopsis of the West Indian Lycaenidae with remarks on their zoogeography. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 2 (4), 247 - 270." type="journal article" year="1964">Clench (1964)</bibRefCitation>
recognized one species, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA815DA7B08FFA1FC9FFECAFB8E7D5B" author="Austin, G. T. &amp; Miller, L. D. &amp; Miller, J. Y." box="[851,1078,325,350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref8931" refString="Austin, G. T., Miller, L. D. &amp; Miller, J. Y. (2007) Taxonomic comments on Pseudolycaena Wallengren (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Eumaeini). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 149, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="2007">
Austin
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FC6BFEC9FC5A7D5B" box="[935,994,325,350]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
recognized five species in two different groups based on a character matrix that was not analyzed phylogenetically. We used some of the newly proposed characters in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA815DA7B08FFA1FE65FE02FD2C7DA3" author="Austin, G. T. &amp; Miller, L. D. &amp; Miller, J. Y." box="[425,660,397,422]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref8931" refString="Austin, G. T., Miller, L. D. &amp; Miller, J. Y. (2007) Taxonomic comments on Pseudolycaena Wallengren (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Eumaeini). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 149, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="2007">
Austin
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FDCCFE01FD857DA3" box="[512,573,397,422]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
in our phylogenetic analyses (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA815DA7B08FFA1FBCFFE02FB557DA3" author="Martins, A. R. P. &amp; Duarte, M. &amp; Robbins, R. K." box="[1027,1261,397,422]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref9760" refString="Martins, A. R. P., Duarte, M. &amp; Robbins, R. K. (2018) Evolution of male secondary sexual organs in hairstreak butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Cladistics, 1 - 25." type="book chapter" year="2018">
Martins
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FBA4FE01FB257DA3" box="[1128,1181,397,422]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
), as they were informative, but could not confirm the validity of others because of excessive intraspecific variation. We follow the traditional two species taxonomy but note that the name
<taxonomicName id="4C3913A87B08FFA1FCDFFE59FC617DEB" authority="(Druce)" authorityName="Druce" baseAuthorityName="H. H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[787,985,469,494]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseudolycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorcas">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FCDFFE59FCC27DEB" box="[787,890,469,494]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">P. dorcas</emphasis>
(Druce)
</taxonomicName>
refers to populations that appear to be a hybrid mix of the two species. The genus occurs almost everywhere in the Neotropics, but the two species are allopatric or parapatric in all parts of their range except for a few scattered records of
<taxonomicName id="4C3913A87B08FFA1FB87FD91FB7B7E30" ID-CoL="7MCVM" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1099,1219,542,565]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marsyas">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FB87FD91FB7B7E30" box="[1099,1219,542,565]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">P. marsyas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3913A87B08FFA1FB34FD91FAF67E33" baseAuthorityName="H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1272,1358,541,566]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseudolycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damo">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FB34FD91FAF67E33" box="[1272,1358,541,566]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">P. damo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the wet Caribbean coast of Central America.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B86682B7B08FFA1FF0BFDEAFA377EA7" blockId="8.[151,1437,289,674]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<taxonomicName id="4C3913A87B08FFA1FF0BFDEAFEC97E7B" ID-CoL="9CLTD" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1858" box="[199,369,613,638]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseudolycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FF0BFDEAFEC97E7B" box="[199,369,613,638]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Pseudolycaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by seven synapomorphies (
<tableCitation id="C6BB5D907B08FFA1FC97FDEAFC167E7B" box="[859,942,613,638]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,1013,1036]" captionText="TABLE 1. List of synapomorphies from the phylogenetic analysis of the Atlides Section (Martins et al. 2018)." pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Table 1</tableCitation>
), but the conspicuous disjointed spotting on the ventral wing patterns, the size, and the wing shape make this genus immediately recognizable (
<figureCitation id="130274AE7B08FFA1FB2DFD06FA967EA7" box="[1249,1326,649,674]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1302,1324]" captionTargetBox="[177,1418,731,1267]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1437,695,1270]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Male wing pattern in the Atlides Section. Dorsal and ventral surfaces. 1. Theritas mavors. 2. Arcas imperialis. 3. Lucilda crines. 4. Pseudolycaena marsyas. 5. Brangas caranus. 6. Atlides halesus. 7. Denivia deniva." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601019/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="130274AE7B08FFA1FAAFFD05FA3A7EA7" box="[1379,1410,650,674]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–15" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1027,1049]" captionTargetBox="[171,1426,412,991]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1437,397,1006]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–15. Hindwing anal lobe cleft (black arrows). 9. Arcas imperialis, 10. Brangas getus, 11. Atlides cosa (with a forewing double scent pad in the discal cell—red arrow), 12. Theritas drucei, 13. Lucilda danaus, 14. Pseudolycaena damo, 15. Denivia silma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601021/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4638A37B08FFA1FF5BFA46FA2479DA" box="[151,1436,1481,1503]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601023/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" startId="8.[151,264,1481,1503]" targetBox="[177,1416,713,1440]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B86682B7B08FFA1FF5BFA46FA2479DA" blockId="8.[151,1436,1481,1595]" box="[151,1436,1481,1503]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FF5BFA46FEED79DA" bold="true" box="[151,341,1481,1503]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">FIGURES 16–17.</emphasis>
Male genitalia in lateral aspect (posterior of butterfly to right) showing no process on the dorsal vinculum
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3233BA07B08FFA1FF5BFA67FC0F7A85" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B86682B7B08FFA1FF5BFA67FCBB79FB" blockId="8.[151,1436,1481,1595]" box="[151,771,1512,1534]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
(black arrows). 16.
<taxonomicName id="4C3913A87B08FFA1FE90FA67FE5679FB" baseAuthorityName="H. H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[348,494,1512,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lucilda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crines">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FE90FA67FE5679FB" box="[348,494,1512,1534]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Lucilda crines</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 17.
<taxonomicName id="4C3913A87B08FFA1FDECFA67FD4579FB" box="[544,765,1512,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lucilda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaritacea">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FDECFA67FD4579FB" box="[544,765,1512,1534]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Lucilda margaritacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B86682B7B08FFA1FF5BF989FAA87A3E" blockId="8.[151,1436,1481,1595]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FF5BF989FEEC7A19" bold="true" box="[151,340,1542,1564]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">FIGURES 18–19.</emphasis>
Female genitalia ductus copulatrix (posterior of butterfly to the right) showing the transparent membranous area in the ductus bursae (arrow). 18.
<taxonomicName id="4C3913A87B08FFA1FD88F9A9FD667A3E" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[580,734,1573,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Denivia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deniva">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FD88F9A9FD667A3E" box="[580,734,1573,1595]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Denivia deniva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lateral aspect. 19.
<taxonomicName id="4C3913A87B08FFA1FC50F9A9FBCF7A3E" authorityName="Balint &amp; Moser" authorityYear="2007" box="[924,1143,1574,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Denivia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="espiritosanto">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FC50F9A9FBCF7A3E" box="[924,1143,1574,1595]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Denivia espiritosanto</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ventral aspect.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B86682B7B08FFA1FF5BF9E7FC0F7A85" blockId="8.[151,1436,1640,2025]" box="[151,951,1640,1665]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<taxonomicName id="4C3913A87B08FFA1FF5BF9E7FD007A85" authority="(H. Druce, 1875) (Thecla)" authorityName="H. Druce" authorityYear="1875" baseAuthorityName="H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[151,696,1640,1665]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseudolycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damo">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FF5BF9E7FE337A84" bold="true" box="[151,395,1640,1665]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Pseudolycaena damo</emphasis>
(H. Druce, 1875) (
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FDADF9E7FD157A84" box="[609,685,1640,1665]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Thecla</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus id="5482D6897B08FFA1FD08F9E6FD4C7A84" box="[708,756,1641,1665]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="F32E28BB7B08FFA1FC92F9E6FC0F7A85" box="[862,951,1641,1664]" name="Panama" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Panama</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3233BA07B08FFA1FF76F903FD897ACD" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B86682B7B08FFA1FF76F903FA247AA0" blockId="8.[151,1436,1640,2025]" box="[186,1436,1676,1701]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<taxonomicName id="4C3913A87B08FFA1FF76F903FDEE7AA0" authority="(H.H. Druce, 1907) (Thecla)" authorityName="H. H. Druce" authorityYear="1907" baseAuthorityName="H. H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[186,598,1676,1701]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseudolycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorcas">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FF76F903FEBD7AA0" box="[186,261,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">dorcas</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA815DA7B08FFA1FEDBF902FE5D7AA0" author="Druce, H. H." box="[279,485,1677,1701]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" pagination="566 - 632" refId="ref9315" refString="Druce, H. H. (1907) On Neotropical Lycaenidae, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1907, 566 - 632." type="journal article" year="1907">H.H. Druce, 1907</bibRefCitation>
) (
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FE33F903FDF37AA0" box="[511,587,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Thecla</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus id="5482D6897B08FFA1FDA8F902FD2C7AA0" box="[612,660,1677,1701]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="F32E28BB7B08FFA1FCCEF902FC8E7AA1" box="[770,822,1677,1700]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Peru</collectingCountry>
[appears to be a “hybrid taxon” that could have been
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B86682B7B08FFA1FF09F93FFD897ACD" blockId="8.[151,1436,1640,2025]" box="[197,561,1712,1737]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
synonymized under
<taxonomicName id="4C3913A87B08FFA1FE64F93EFD987ACD" ID-CoL="7MCVM" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[424,544,1713,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marsyas">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FE64F93EFD987ACD" box="[424,544,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">P. marsyas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3233BA07B08FFA1FF0BF95BFC177B78" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B86682B7B08FFA1FF0BF95BFA247AE8" blockId="8.[151,1436,1640,2025]" box="[199,1436,1748,1773]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FF0BF95BFE497AE8" bold="true" box="[199,497,1748,1773]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Distribution and Habitat</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F32E28BB7B08FFA1FDC4F95BFDE57AE8" box="[520,605,1748,1773]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Mexico</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F32E28BB7B08FFA1FD4EF95AFD637AE9" box="[642,731,1749,1772]" name="Panama" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Panama</collectingCountry>
in wet and dry lowland habitats with two presumably disjunct
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B86682B7B08FFA1FF09F977FA247B15" blockId="8.[151,1436,1640,2025]" box="[197,1436,1784,1809]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
populations in South America. Western
<collectingCountry id="F32E28BB7B08FFA1FD56F977FD4F7B14" box="[666,759,1784,1809]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
in dry scrub coastal vegetation around Guayaquil south to
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B86682B7B08FFA1FF09F893FAFE7B5C" blockId="8.[151,1436,1640,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<collectingRegion id="49FDA6C97B08FFA1FF09F893FE997B30" box="[197,289,1820,1845]" country="Peru" name="Tumbes" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Tumbes</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32E28BB7B08FFA1FEE0F892FEDB7B31" box="[300,355,1821,1844]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Peru</collectingCountry>
. Dry scrub vegetation in the Rio Marañon Valley of
<collectingCountry id="F32E28BB7B08FFA1FC79F892FC507B31" box="[949,1000,1821,1844]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Peru</collectingCountry>
south of 5°S latitude.
<taxonomicName id="4C3913A87B08FFA1FF5BF8CFFD657B5D" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758) (Papilio)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,733,1856,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseudolycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marsyas">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FF5BF8CFFE127B5D" bold="true" box="[151,426,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Pseudolycaena marsyas</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758) (
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FD4CF8CFFD6B7B5C" box="[640,723,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Papilio</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus id="5482D6897B08FFA1FD26F8CEFCA27B5C" box="[746,794,1857,1881]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">type</typeStatus>
locality: In calidis regionibus [no locality given].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B86682B7B08FFA1FF7FF8EBFC177B78" blockId="8.[151,1436,1640,2025]" box="[179,943,1892,1917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FF7FF8EBFF427B78" box="[179,250,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">cybele</emphasis>
(Godman &amp; Salvin, 1896) (
<taxonomicName id="4C3913A87B08FFA1FDFAF8EBFD3A7B78" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1807" box="[566,642,1892,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thecla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FDFAF8EBFD3A7B78" box="[566,642,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Thecla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<typeStatus id="5482D6897B08FFA1FD56F8EAFD727B78" box="[666,714,1893,1917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="F32E28BB7B08FFA1FCF8F8EAFC177B78" box="[820,943,1892,1917]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">St. Vincent</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3233BA07B08FFA1FF7FF807FD117BC1" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B86682B7B08FFA1FF7FF807FD117BC1" blockId="8.[151,1436,1640,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FF7FF807FEBC7BA4" box="[179,260,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">nellyae</emphasis>
Lamas, 1981,
<typeStatus id="5482D6897B08FFA1FE65F806FE617BA4" box="[425,473,1929,1953]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="F32E28BB7B08FFA1FD8FF806FDCF7BA5" box="[579,631,1929,1952]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Peru</collectingCountry>
described as
<taxonomicName id="4C3913A87B08FFA1FEF0F823FD1A7BC0" box="[316,674,1964,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseudolycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="marsyas" subSpecies="nellyae">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FEF0F823FD1A7BC0" box="[316,674,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Pseudolycaena marsyas nellyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3233BA07B08FFA0FF0BF85FFCE97D18" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B86682B7B08FFA1FF0BF85FFA247BED" blockId="8.[151,1436,1640,2025]" box="[199,1436,2000,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B08FFA1FF0BF85FFE4B7BEC" bold="true" box="[199,499,2000,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Distribution and Habitat</emphasis>
. The entire Amazonian and Atlantic Regions in many kinds of habitats. Western
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B86682B7B09FFA0FF09FF18FCE97D18" blockId="9.[197,1437,151,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<collectingCountry id="F32E28BB7B09FFA0FF09FF18FE8B7CB5" box="[197,307,151,176]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="128">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and western
<collectingCountry id="F32E28BB7B09FFA0FE07FF18FD907CB5" box="[459,552,151,176]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="128">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
in forest (not in scrub vegetation along the coast). Southwestern
<collectingCountry id="F32E28BB7B09FFA0FAC2FF18FAD37CB5" box="[1294,1387,151,176]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="128">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
and western
<collectingCountry id="F32E28BB7B09FFA0FEEEFF32FEED7CD1" box="[290,341,189,212]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="128">Peru</collectingCountry>
(Atacama Desert) in valleys with vegetation. Occasional records from the very wet Atlantic coast of Central America, where it overlaps the previous species, but it is not known if these records refer to this species, to wing pattern variants of
<taxonomicName id="4C3913A87B09FFA0FD9EFE8AFD137D18" baseAuthorityName="H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[594,683,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseudolycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damo">
<emphasis id="B94DB4397B09FFA0FD9EFE8AFD137D18" box="[594,683,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="128">P. damo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or to hybrids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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